CN102916626A - Three-phase chopper control soft starter - Google Patents
Three-phase chopper control soft starter Download PDFInfo
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- CN102916626A CN102916626A CN2012104376861A CN201210437686A CN102916626A CN 102916626 A CN102916626 A CN 102916626A CN 2012104376861 A CN2012104376861 A CN 2012104376861A CN 201210437686 A CN201210437686 A CN 201210437686A CN 102916626 A CN102916626 A CN 102916626A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a three-phase chopper control soft starter. A first path of a three-phase alternating-current supply of the three-phase chopper control soft starter is connected with an A phase of a three-phase alternating current asynchronous motor via an A-phase alternating current chopper voltage regulator circuit; a second path is connected with a B phase of the three-phase alternating current asynchronous motor via a B-phase alternating current chopper voltage regulator circuit; a third path is connected with a C phase of the three-phase alternating current asynchronous motor via a C-phase alternating current chopper voltage regulator circuit; the output of a single chip is connected with the A-phase alternating current chopper voltage regulator circuit, the B-phase alternating current chopper voltage regulator circuit and the C-phase alternating current chopper voltage regulator circuit at the same time; the second path is connected with an insulated gate bipolar transistor connected with a direct current side of a three-phase uncontrolled rectifier bridge; and the three-phase uncontrolled rectifier bridge is respectively connected between the A-phase alternating current chopper voltage regulator circuit and the A phase of the three-phase alternating current asynchronous motor, between the B-phase alternating current chopper voltage regulator circuit and the B phase of the three-phase alternating current asynchronous motor, and between the three-phase alternating-current supply and the C phase of the three-phase alternating current asynchronous motor. The three-phase chopper control soft starter can continuously start; a torque ripple component is also greatly reduced, and the start is more stable.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of three-phase alternating current chopper control soft starter.
Background technology
At present, common soft starter mainly adopts the three-phase thyristor reduced-voltage starting, and it adopts every antiparallel two thyristors or bidirectional thyristor of being connected in series mutually at circuit structure, realizes reduced voltage starting by the ON time that changes every phase voltage.There are two significant drawbacks in the method.One, starting torque is little, the three-phase AC asynchronous motor starting torque be proportional to starting voltage square, when lower voltage, torque reduces with square multiple that starting voltage reduces; Its two, discontinuous current because thyristor belongs to half control type device, only has when its forward conduction electric current drops to zero and could turn-off, so use the thyristor soft-start by lowering voltage, intermittently there is larger pulsating torque in electric current certainty.
Frequency converter also has and is used as soft starter, although effect is better, frequency converter belongs to the AC-DC-AC structure technically.It at first carries out three phase worker power the uncontrollable rectification of three-phase bridge, then the rectification output dc voltage is carried out filtering, adopts at last all adjustable controlled alternating voltages of pulse width modulation (PWM) technology export electric voltage frequency.Frequency changer, technical sophistication, cost is higher, is not easy in the penetration and promotion of Soft Starter for AC Motor field.
Also exist at present a kind of discrete variable frequency pressure regulation Start Technology, it utilizes half control characteristic of thyristor, to the three-phase main-frequency AC power, and selectively conducting, thereby voltage (n=1,2, the 3...) waveform of formation 50/nHz.This technology has three significant drawbacks, first, the discrete variable frequency soft starter can only provide the voltage of the discrete point in frequency such as 50Hz, 25Hz, 16.7Hz/3,12.5Hz, belongs to the soft start of classification discrete variable frequency, and still there is the larger situation of impulse current in the switching between every two-stage, second, the discrete variable frequency soft start provides supply harmonic content large, and in fact imbalance of three-phase voltage is difficult to use in soft start, the 3rd, the discrete variable frequency soft start also exists the shortcoming of discontinuous current.
In sum, Start Technology generally adopts half control type device thyristor to realize soft-start by lowering voltage at present, exists the characteristics that discontinuous current, pulsating torque component are large, detent torque is low.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem solved by the invention provides that a kind of alternating current machine starting current is continuous, and the starting torque flutter component also reduces greatly, and starting is three-phase alternating current chopper control soft starter more stably also.
For solving above-mentioned technical problem, the technical scheme that the present invention takes:
A kind of three-phase alternating current chopper control soft starter, its special character is: comprise three-phase alternating-current supply, single-chip microcomputer, A cross streams voltage regulation circuit of chopping, B cross streams voltage regulation circuit of chopping, C cross streams voltage regulation circuit of chopping, the uncontrollable rectifier bridge of three-phase, three-phase AC asynchronous motor, the first via of three-phase alternating-current supply is connected with the A of three-phase AC asynchronous motor through A cross streams voltage regulation circuit of chopping, the second the tunnel is connected with the B of three-phase AC asynchronous motor through B cross streams voltage regulation circuit of chopping, and Third Road is connected with the C of three-phase AC asynchronous motor through C cross streams voltage regulation circuit of chopping; The output of single-chip microcomputer divides three the tunnel to connect, the first via is connected with A cross streams voltage regulation circuit of chopping, B cross streams voltage regulation circuit of chopping, C cross streams voltage regulation circuit of chopping simultaneously, the second the tunnel is connected with the insulated gate bipolar transistor of the uncontrollable rectifier bridge direct current of three-phase side joint, Third Road be arranged on A cross streams voltage regulation circuit of chopping and be connected with current transformer between the three-phase AC asynchronous motor; The uncontrollable rectifier bridge of three-phase divide three tunnel A that are connected to A cross streams voltage regulation circuit of chopping and three-phase AC asynchronous motor mutually between, the B of B cross streams voltage regulation circuit of chopping and three-phase AC asynchronous motor mutually between, three-phase alternating-current supply and three-phase AC asynchronous motor the C phase between.
The output of above-mentioned single-chip microcomputer be arranged on A cross streams voltage regulation circuit of chopping 3 and be connected with current transformer between the three-phase AC asynchronous motor.
Above-mentioned A cross streams voltage regulation circuit of chopping is made of insulated gate bipolar transistor IGBT1, insulated gate bipolar transistor IGBT2 inverse parallel.
Above-mentioned B cross streams voltage regulation circuit of chopping is made of insulated gate bipolar transistor IGBT3, insulated gate bipolar transistor IGBT4 inverse parallel.
Above-mentioned C cross streams voltage regulation circuit of chopping is made of insulated gate bipolar transistor IGBT5, insulated gate bipolar transistor IGBT6 inverse parallel.
The trigger impulse of above-mentioned insulated gate bipolar transistor IGBT1, insulated gate bipolar transistor IGBT2, insulated gate bipolar transistor IGBT3, insulated gate bipolar transistor IGBT4, insulated gate bipolar transistor IGBT5, insulated gate bipolar transistor IGBT6 is identical.
The uncontrollable rectifier bridge of above-mentioned three-phase comprises diode D1, diode D2, diode D3, diode D4, diode D5, diode D6, diode D1 and diode D2 series connection consist of first order diode, diode D3 and diode D4 series connection consist of second level diode, diode D5 and diode D6 series connection consist of third level diode, and three grades of diodes in parallels consist of the uncontrollable rectifier bridge of three-phase.
Be connected with parallel connection protection circuit on the above-mentioned A cross streams voltage regulation circuit of chopping.
Be connected with parallel connection protection circuit on the above-mentioned B cross streams voltage regulation circuit of chopping.
Be connected with parallel connection protection circuit on the above-mentioned C cross streams voltage regulation circuit of chopping.
Compared with prior art, beneficial effect of the present invention:
The present invention adopts full-control type device isolation gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) to realize the AC chopping voltage-regulating technique.Because the trigger impulse cycle of IGBT is much smaller than power frequency period, although the alternating current machine starting current still has less pulsation, can be continuous, the starting torque flutter component also reduces greatly, starts also more steady.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is circuit diagram of the present invention.
Embodiment
The present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments.
Referring to Fig. 1, the present invention includes three-phase alternating-current supply 1, single-chip microcomputer 2, A cross streams voltage regulation circuit of chopping 3, B cross streams voltage regulation circuit of chopping 4, C cross streams voltage regulation circuit of chopping 5, the uncontrollable rectifier bridge 6 of three-phase, three-phase AC asynchronous motor 10, the first via of three-phase alternating-current supply 1 is connected with the A of three-phase AC asynchronous motor 10 through A cross streams voltage regulation circuit of chopping 3, the second the tunnel is connected with the B of three-phase AC asynchronous motor 10 through B cross streams voltage regulation circuit of chopping 4, and Third Road is connected with the C of three-phase AC asynchronous motor 10 through C cross streams voltage regulation circuit of chopping 5; The output of single-chip microcomputer 2 divides three the tunnel to connect, the first via is connected with A cross streams voltage regulation circuit of chopping 3, B cross streams voltage regulation circuit of chopping 4, C cross streams voltage regulation circuit of chopping 5 simultaneously, the second the tunnel is connected with the insulated gate bipolar transistor 6 of the uncontrollable rectifier bridge 5 direct current side joints of three-phase, Third Road be arranged on A cross streams voltage regulation circuit of chopping 3 and be connected with current transformer 8 between the three-phase AC asynchronous motor 9; The A that the uncontrollable rectifier bridge of three-phase was connected to A cross streams voltage regulation circuit of chopping 3 and three-phase AC asynchronous motor 10 in 6 minutes three tunnel mutually between, the B of B cross streams voltage regulation circuit of chopping 4 and three-phase AC asynchronous motor 10 mutually between, C cross streams voltage regulation circuit of chopping 5 and three-phase AC asynchronous motor 10 the C phase between.
The output of above-mentioned single-chip microcomputer 2 be arranged on A cross streams voltage regulation circuit of chopping 3 and be connected with current transformer 9 between the three-phase AC asynchronous motor 10.
Above-mentioned A cross streams voltage regulation circuit of chopping 3 is made of insulated gate bipolar transistor IGBT1, insulated gate bipolar transistor IGBT2 inverse parallel.
Above-mentioned B cross streams voltage regulation circuit of chopping 4 is made of insulated gate bipolar transistor IGBT3, insulated gate bipolar transistor IGBT4 inverse parallel.
Above-mentioned C cross streams voltage regulation circuit of chopping 5 is made of insulated gate bipolar transistor IGBT5, insulated gate bipolar transistor IGBT6 inverse parallel.
The trigger impulse of above-mentioned insulated gate bipolar transistor IGBT1, insulated gate bipolar transistor IGBT2, insulated gate bipolar transistor IGBT3, insulated gate bipolar transistor IGBT4, insulated gate bipolar transistor IGBT5, insulated gate bipolar transistor IGBT6 is identical.
The uncontrollable rectifier bridge 6 of above-mentioned three-phase comprises diode D1, diode D2, diode D3, diode D4, diode D5, diode D6, diode D1 and diode D2 series connection consist of first order diode, diode D3 and diode D4 series connection consist of second level diode, diode D5 and diode D6 series connection consist of third level diode, and three grades of diodes in parallels consist of the uncontrollable rectifier bridge 6 of three-phase.
Be connected with parallel connection protection circuit 8 on the above-mentioned A cross streams voltage regulation circuit of chopping 3.
Be connected with parallel connection protection circuit 8 on the above-mentioned B cross streams voltage regulation circuit of chopping 4.
Be connected with parallel connection protection circuit 8 on the above-mentioned C cross streams voltage regulation circuit of chopping 5.
On main circuit structure, adopt six insulated gate bipolar transistors, per two inverse parallels connect, consist of three groups of A cross streams voltage regulation circuit of chopping 3, B cross streams voltage regulation circuit of chopping 4, C cross streams voltage regulation circuit of chopping 5, be serially connected in respectively between the A phase, B phase, C phase stator winding of three-phase alternating-current supply 1 and three-phase AC asynchronous motor 10.In addition with six diodes, consist of the uncontrollable rectifier bridge 6 of three-phase bridge, the AC of the uncontrollable rectifier bridge of three-phase is connected between AC voltage adjusting circuit and the three-phase AC asynchronous motor stator winding insulated gate bipolar transistor 7 of the direct current side joint of the uncontrollable rectifier bridge of three-phase.In order to protect the insulated gate bipolar transistor, each insulated gate bipolar transistor is parallel with RC series connection protective circuit.In order to detect and control starting current, at the A of three-phase AC asynchronous motor side phase power line a current transformer 9 is set, the current signal that current transformer detects is sent into single-chip microcomputer 2.
In main circuit control, the control impuls that Single Chip Microcomputer (SCM) system produces has two-way, one tunnel pulse-triggered A cross streams voltage regulation circuit of chopping 3, B cross streams voltage regulation circuit of chopping 4,5 three groups of group AC chopping voltage-regulating devices of C cross streams voltage regulation circuit of chopping, the insulated gate bipolar transistor 7 of the uncontrollable rectifier bridge DC side of another road pulse-triggered three-phase, the two-way pulse is positive and negative fully opposite, and pulse frequency is 1KHz.Like this, in A cross streams voltage regulation circuit of chopping 3, B cross streams voltage regulation circuit of chopping 4, C cross streams voltage regulation circuit of chopping 5 triggering and conducting constantly, insulated gate bipolar transistor 7 turn-offs, three-phase alternating-current supply 1 is powered to three-phase AC asynchronous motor, when A cross streams voltage regulation circuit of chopping 3, B cross streams voltage regulation circuit of chopping 4,5 shutoff of C cross streams voltage regulation circuit of chopping, insulated gate bipolar transistor 7 triggering and conducting, the three-phase AC asynchronous motor stator current is by uncontrollable rectifier bridge 6 afterflows of three-phase.
On control algolithm, in order to realize control of soft or the soft stop control to three-phase AC asynchronous motor.Two kinds of control modes are specifically arranged.One is finished ramp voltage by default curve and is started.A kind of open loop control mode namely, this situation can not arrange current transformer 9, according to minimum voltage Umin and the starting time of calculated in advance, and the duty cycle alpha of linear regulation chopping modulation pulse, until α is 100%, output voltage is the full voltage of three-phase alternating voltage.At this moment, the bypass three-phase ac contactor that can establish by other switches to three-phase AC asynchronous motor on the three-phase alternating-current supply.Finish the ramp voltage soft start of three-phase AC asynchronous motor.Its two, principal of constant current soft.The default maximum starting current Imax that allows in single-chip microcomputer, detect current actual current I by current transformer 9, in Single Chip Microcomputer (SCM) system, arrange one with the Digital PID Controller of amplitude limit output, the deviation that is input as the maximum starting current Imax of permission and actual current I of PID controller, the PID controller is output as the duty cycle alpha of chopping modulation pulse, be limited to 100% in the output of PID controller, be limited to 0% down.
In the formula, T is the current sample cycle, and k is k sampling period, and Ti is PID controller integration time constant, and Td is PID controller derivative time constant.
If realize the soft stop function of three-phase AC asynchronous motor, can regulate by the rightabout of ramp voltage soft start the duty cycle alpha of chopping modulation pulse, α is progressively reduced by 100%, and this moment, the effective value of output AC voltage progressively reduced, until realize soft stop.
The present invention and three-phase thyristor pressure regulation Start Technology are done the emulation experiment contrast, experimental subjects is selected the three-phase AC asynchronous motor of rated power 15KW, rated voltage 400V, rated frequency 50Hz, motor load is got 15Nm, experimental situation, MatlabR2008a.
Contrast 1: identical output fundamental voltage effective value, identical load.
Three-phase thyristor pressure regulation soft start, thyristor Trigger Angle are set to 90 degree, and during symmetrical three-phase pure resistor load, output line voltage first-harmonic effective value is 175.4V, total harmonic distortion: 60.85%, and starting current 150A.
The soft start of three-phase chopper control, the trigger impulse duty ratio gets 46%, output line fundamental voltage effective value 175.4V, total harmonic distortion 101%, starting current 130A.
Can be found out that by top data under same base wave voltage effective value, the starting current of two-phase chopping modulation soft start is less.Although the harmonic content of two-phase chopping modulation soft start is larger, its harmonic wave is mainly high order harmonic component (19 times, 21 times, 49 times, 51 inferior), and the alternating current of generation is less, and is less on the motor impact.
Contrast 2: allow maximum starting current (5 times of rated current, 150A) under the same case, it is 95Nm that the soft start of three-phase chopper control can be started maximum load, and three-phase thyristor pressure regulation soft start to start maximum load be 85Nm.
Claims (10)
1. three-phase alternating current chopper control soft starter, it is characterized in that: comprise three-phase alternating-current supply (1), single-chip microcomputer (2), A cross streams voltage regulation circuit of chopping (3), B cross streams voltage regulation circuit of chopping (4), C cross streams voltage regulation circuit of chopping (5), the uncontrollable rectifier bridge of three-phase (6), three-phase AC asynchronous motor (10), the first via of three-phase alternating-current supply (1) is connected through the A of A cross streams voltage regulation circuit of chopping (3) with three-phase AC asynchronous motor (10), the second the tunnel is connected through the B of B cross streams voltage regulation circuit of chopping (4) with three-phase AC asynchronous motor (10), and Third Road is connected through the C of C cross streams voltage regulation circuit of chopping (5) with three-phase AC asynchronous motor (10); The output of single-chip microcomputer (2) divides three the tunnel to connect, the first via is connected with A cross streams voltage regulation circuit of chopping (3), B cross streams voltage regulation circuit of chopping (4), C cross streams voltage regulation circuit of chopping (5) simultaneously, the second the tunnel is connected with the insulated gate bipolar transistor (6) of the uncontrollable rectifier bridge of three-phase (5) direct current side joint, Third Road be arranged on A cross streams voltage regulation circuit of chopping (3) and be connected with current transformer (8) between the three-phase AC asynchronous motor (9); The A that the uncontrollable rectifier bridge of three-phase (6) Fen Sanlu is connected to A cross streams voltage regulation circuit of chopping (3) and three-phase AC asynchronous motor (10) mutually between, the B of B cross streams voltage regulation circuit of chopping (4) and three-phase AC asynchronous motor (10) mutually between, three-phase alternating-current supply (1) and three-phase AC asynchronous motor (10) the C phase between.
2. three-phase alternating current chopper control soft starter according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the output of described single-chip microcomputer (2) be arranged on A cross streams voltage regulation circuit of chopping (3) and be connected with current transformer (9) between the three-phase AC asynchronous motor (10).
3. three-phase alternating current chopper control soft starter according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that: described A cross streams voltage regulation circuit of chopping (3) is made of insulated gate bipolar transistor IGBT1, insulated gate bipolar transistor IGBT2 inverse parallel.
4. three-phase alternating current chopper control soft starter according to claim 3, it is characterized in that: described B cross streams voltage regulation circuit of chopping (4) is made of insulated gate bipolar transistor IGBT3, insulated gate bipolar transistor IGBT4 inverse parallel.
5. three-phase alternating current chopper control soft starter according to claim 4, it is characterized in that: described C cross streams voltage regulation circuit of chopping (5) is made of insulated gate bipolar transistor IGBT5, insulated gate bipolar transistor IGBT6 inverse parallel.
6. three-phase alternating current chopper control soft starter according to claim 5, it is characterized in that: the trigger impulse of described insulated gate bipolar transistor IGBT1, insulated gate bipolar transistor IGBT2, insulated gate bipolar transistor IGBT3, insulated gate bipolar transistor IGBT4, insulated gate bipolar transistor IGBT5, insulated gate bipolar transistor IGBT6 is identical.
7. three-phase alternating current chopper control soft starter according to claim 6, it is characterized in that: the uncontrollable rectifier bridge of described three-phase (6) comprises diode D1, diode D2, diode D3, diode D4, diode D5, diode D6, diode D1 and diode D2 series connection consist of first order diode, diode D3 and diode D4 series connection consist of second level diode, diode D5 and diode D6 series connection consist of third level diode, and three grades of diodes in parallels consist of the uncontrollable rectifier bridge of three-phase (6).
8. three-phase alternating current chopper control soft starter according to claim 7 is characterized in that: be connected with parallel connection protection circuit (8) on the described A cross streams voltage regulation circuit of chopping (3).
9. three-phase alternating current chopper control soft starter according to claim 8 is characterized in that: be connected with parallel connection protection circuit (8) on the described B cross streams voltage regulation circuit of chopping (4).
10. three-phase alternating current chopper control soft starter according to claim 9 is characterized in that: be connected with parallel connection protection circuit (8) on the described C cross streams voltage regulation circuit of chopping (5).
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| CN2012104376861A CN102916626A (en) | 2012-11-06 | 2012-11-06 | Three-phase chopper control soft starter |
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| CN2012104376861A CN102916626A (en) | 2012-11-06 | 2012-11-06 | Three-phase chopper control soft starter |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103633910A (en) * | 2013-11-07 | 2014-03-12 | 陕西科技大学 | Voltage space vector control device and control method for soft start |
| CN105099329A (en) * | 2014-05-19 | 2015-11-25 | 洛克威尔自动控制技术股份有限公司 | Quasi variable frequency motor controller |
| RU200924U1 (en) * | 2020-07-28 | 2020-11-19 | федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Алтайский государственный технический университет им. И.И. Ползунова" (АлтГТУ) | Universal semiconductor switch for starting and speed control of low power three-phase electric motor |
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| WO2003056693A1 (en) * | 2001-12-14 | 2003-07-10 | Aarno Ahola | Control apparatus for the starting of a three-phase high-voltage alternating-current motor |
| CN2681448Y (en) * | 2004-02-12 | 2005-02-23 | 吴加林 | A chopped mode soft starter for high-voltage motor |
| CN2768306Y (en) * | 2004-06-16 | 2006-03-29 | 上海雷诺尔电气有限公司 | Motor soft starter using silicon controlled ACVV |
| CN202889263U (en) * | 2012-11-06 | 2013-04-17 | 陕西科技大学 | Two-phase chopping voltage-regulating soft starter |
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2012
- 2012-11-06 CN CN2012104376861A patent/CN102916626A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
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| WO2003056693A1 (en) * | 2001-12-14 | 2003-07-10 | Aarno Ahola | Control apparatus for the starting of a three-phase high-voltage alternating-current motor |
| CN2681448Y (en) * | 2004-02-12 | 2005-02-23 | 吴加林 | A chopped mode soft starter for high-voltage motor |
| CN2768306Y (en) * | 2004-06-16 | 2006-03-29 | 上海雷诺尔电气有限公司 | Motor soft starter using silicon controlled ACVV |
| CN202889263U (en) * | 2012-11-06 | 2013-04-17 | 陕西科技大学 | Two-phase chopping voltage-regulating soft starter |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103633910A (en) * | 2013-11-07 | 2014-03-12 | 陕西科技大学 | Voltage space vector control device and control method for soft start |
| CN103633910B (en) * | 2013-11-07 | 2019-08-23 | 陕西科技大学 | A kind of space vector of voltage control device and its control method for soft start |
| CN105099329A (en) * | 2014-05-19 | 2015-11-25 | 洛克威尔自动控制技术股份有限公司 | Quasi variable frequency motor controller |
| CN105099329B (en) * | 2014-05-19 | 2018-04-06 | 罗克韦尔自动化技术公司 | Quasi- variable frequency motor controller |
| RU200924U1 (en) * | 2020-07-28 | 2020-11-19 | федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Алтайский государственный технический университет им. И.И. Ползунова" (АлтГТУ) | Universal semiconductor switch for starting and speed control of low power three-phase electric motor |
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Application publication date: 20130206 |