A kind of anode of fuel cell and in-situ preparation method thereof
Technical field
This technology relates to a kind of anode of fuel cell and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Fuel cell is a kind of is directly the generation technology of electric energy by the chemical energy be stored in fuel, because it has the advantages such as the high and low discharge of energy conversion efficiency, pollution-free and noiselessness, the 4th kind of electricity-generating method outside be considered to continue firepower, waterpower, nuclear energy.
Direct sodium borohydride fuel cell is electrolyte with proton exchange membrane, take sodium borohydride as the one of the direct liquid fuel battery of fuel.It, except having the common advantage of other fuel cells, also has original advantage.Such as: it is convenient that normal temperature uses, structure is simple, fuel carries supply, has good mobility, be suitable as very much small-sized movable and compact power.Further, because fuel sodium borohydride used has good reducing activity, therefore the anode catalyst of catalytic oxidation sodium borohydride is often without the need to adopting expensive rare Pt catalyst.Its cathod catalyst also can without Pt simultaneously, but with cheap Co/N/C[H.Y.Qin, Z.X.Liu, W.X.Yin, J.K.Zhu, Z.P.Li.Acobaltpolypyrrolecompositecatalyzedcathodeforthe directborohydridefuelcell.JournalofPowerSources, 185 (2008) 909-912], or MnO
2[A.Verma, A.K.Jha, S.Basu.Manganesedioxideasacathodecatalystfordirectalcoho lorsodiumborohydridefuelcellwithaflowingalkalineelectrol yte.JournalofPowerSources, 141 (2005) 30-34], Ag[B.H.Liu, S.Suda.Influencesoffuelcrossoveroncathodeperformanceinam icroborohydridefuelcell.JournalofPowerSources, 164 (2007) 100-104] etc. catalyst.The possibility making direct sodium borohydride fuel cell have the flexibility of larger catalyst choice and cost compared with other fuel cells to reduce.
The anode of direct sodium borohydride fuel cell adopts hydrogen bearing alloy to be catalyst [L.B.Wang usually, C.A.Ma, X.B.Mao, J.F.Sheng, F.Z.Bai, F.Tang.Rareearthhydrogenstoragealloyusedinborohydridefue lcells.ElectrochemistryCommunication, 7 (2005) 1477-1481.], the conventional manufacturing process of its anode is: be slurry by the carbon dust of hydrogen storing alloy powder and proper proportion, Nafion solution hybrid modulation, is coated on nickel foam dry tack free and namely can be used as anode.The main purpose of adding carbon dust strengthens conductivity, makes the electronic energy produced during hydrogen bearing alloy catalytic oxidation sodium borohydride lead toward negative electrode by carbon dust and nickel foam smoothly; The main purpose of adding Nafion is the caking property strengthening catalyst granules and nickel foam, prevents catalyst granules to be washed when liberation of hydrogen produces bubble hydrogen and peels off disengaging nickel foam.
Although much research, by the conductivity and the life-span that regulate the ratio of carbon dust and Nafion solution can improve anode, obtains good cell output.But there is unavoidable congenital deficiency in this technique.First, because hydrogen bearing alloy is contacted with nickel foam by carbon dust, at least there are hydrogen bearing alloy-carbon dust and carbon dust-nickel foam two interfaces, very large uncertainty is brought to the stability of electrical conductivity.Secondly, hydrogen bearing alloy and carbon dust are all be bonded in nickel foam surface by Nafion, and this combination is fragile unstable, when fuel flow rate is accelerated and liberation of hydrogen produces bubble hydrogen aggravation, under continuous erosion effect, hydrogen bearing alloy and carbon dust are probably stripped nickel foam thus inactivation.Again, if hydrogen bearing alloy overwhelming majority surface is embedded by carbon dust or Nafion, then cannot contact fuel, cannot play catalytic action, also namely its space availability ratio is low.
Summary of the invention
The problem that electrical conductivity is unstable, adhesion is poor and catalyst space utilance is low that the present invention exists in order to the anode overcoming prior art, a kind of anode of fuel cell that the electrical conductivity that the invention provides a kind of anode is stablized, adhesion is good, catalysis space availability ratio is high and in-situ preparation method thereof.
A kind of anode of fuel cell, take nickel foam as collector, the surface distributed of nickel foam has Pd nanometer stub, and this Pd nanometer stub is as the anode catalyst of fuel cell.
Further, non-overlapping copies between Pd nanometer stub; Non-overlapping copies between Pd nano particle.
The in-situ preparation method of described anode of fuel cell, comprises the following steps:
1), be contained in the side of plate as the carrier of anode catalyst and collector using nickel foam; Be assembled into direct sodium borohydride fuel cell with Pt/C catalyst for negative electrode, battery is warmed up to 80
oc;
2), first pass into the mixed liquor be made up of polyvinylpyrrolidone, the acid of chlorine palladium sodium, KBr and ethanol in anode side and this mixed liquor is remained in anode flow field, then anode flow field slowly passes into ascorbic acid solution or sodium borohydride solution, and mixed liquor and ascorbic acid or sodium borohydride solution react and make the Pd ion reduction in anode flow field and depend on nickel foam superficial growth to form Pd nanometer stub;
3) wait for that Pd nanometer stub is covered with nickel foam surface;
4), washed with de-ionized water anode flow field is passed into,
5), obtain anode of fuel cell, Pd nanometer stub is as anode catalyst, and nickel foam is as anode collector.
Further, step 2) in, in described mixed liquor, the mass ratio of polyvinylpyrrolidone, the acid of chlorine palladium sodium, KBr and ethanol is 1:2:20:50; The time that mixed liquor and ascorbic acid or sodium borohydride solution react is 0.1 ~ 5 hour.
Further, step 2) in the diameter of Pd nanometer stub be 5 ~ 20nm, length to be average headway between 20 ~ 500nm, Pd nanometer stub be 50 ~ 200nm, Pd nanometer stub spatial shape is all in cuboid, and four sides are { 100}
pdcrystal face.
Further, step 2) in, non-overlapping copies between Pd nanometer stub.
Use the nickel foam being covered with Pd nanometer stub to be anode, Pt/C passes into fuel as the direct sodium borohydride fuel cell of negative electrode and oxygen can obtain 200mW/cm
2above power density, continuous discharge 120h, performance degradation amount is less than 5%.
The present invention has advantage:
1, Pd nanometer stub growth in situ is on nickel foam surface, be combined firmly with nickel foam, thus the bubbling making this catalyst can stand when washing away for a long time of fuel and sodium borohydride liberation of hydrogen produce bubble hydrogen impacts and does not come off, and also namely ensure that this catalyst has good stability and useful life.
2, Pd nanometer stub is grown directly upon nickel foam surface, and both ensure good electronic conduction direct connection.Make the electronic energy produced when fuel is catalyzed to reduce conduct to rapidly nickel foam and be transferred to negative electrode by anode further, ensure the high conductivity of anode.
3, the structure that the growth of Pd nanometer stub forms similar mace on nickel foam surface makes every root Pd nanometer stub non-overlapping copies, can trigger raw catalytic reaction, also namely have great real space utilance with fuel joint.
4, four sides of this Pd nanometer stub are much larger than bottom surface and end face, are the main positions that catalytic reaction occurs.And these four sides are (100)
pdcrystal face, experimental study shows that sodium borohydride molecule is in (100)
pdcrystal face can realize line absorption, thus ensure that these four sides have good catalysed reductive to sodium borohydride.
Accompanying drawing explanation
The growth of accompanying drawing 1Pd nanometer stub forms the schematic diagram of similar mace structure on nickel foam surface.
Accompanying drawing 2Pd nanometer stub crystal face characteristic scalar diagram.
The typical I-V curve chart of the sodium borohydride fuel cell that accompanying drawing 3 assembles with anode of the present invention.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
A kind of anode of fuel cell, take nickel foam as collector, the surface distributed of nickel foam has Pd nanometer stub, and this Pd nanometer stub is as the anode catalyst of fuel cell.Non-overlapping copies between Pd nanometer stub; Non-overlapping copies between Pd nano particle, as shown in Figure 1.The number of Pd nanometer stub is numerous.
An in-situ preparation method for anode of fuel cell, comprises the following steps:
1), be contained in the side of plate as the carrier of anode catalyst and collector using nickel foam; Be assembled into direct sodium borohydride fuel cell with Pt/C catalyst for negative electrode, battery is warmed up to 80
oc;
2), first pass into the mixed liquor be made up of polyvinylpyrrolidone, the acid of chlorine palladium sodium, KBr and ethanol in anode side and this mixed liquor is remained in anode flow field, then anode flow field slowly passes into ascorbic acid solution or sodium borohydride solution, and mixed liquor and ascorbic acid or sodium borohydride solution react and make the Pd ion reduction in anode flow field and depend on nickel foam superficial growth to form Pd nanometer stub;
3) wait for that Pd nanometer stub is covered with nickel foam surface;
4), washed with de-ionized water anode flow field is passed into,
5), obtain anode of fuel cell, Pd nanometer stub is as anode catalyst, and nickel foam is as anode collector.
Step 2) in, in the mixed liquor of the acid of polyvinylpyrrolidone, chlorine palladium sodium, KBr and ethanol, the mass ratio of polyvinylpyrrolidone, the acid of chlorine palladium sodium, KBr and ethanol is 1:2:20:50; The time that mixed liquor and ascorbic acid or sodium borohydride solution react is 0.1 ~ 5 hour.
Step 2) in the diameter of Pd nanometer stub be 5 ~ 20nm, length to be average headway between 20 ~ 500nm, Pd nanometer stub be 50 ~ 200nm, Pd nanometer stub spatial shape is all in cuboid, and four sides are { 100}
pdcrystal face.
Step 2) in, non-overlapping copies between Pd nanometer stub.
Use the nickel foam being covered with Pd nanometer stub to be anode, Pt/C passes into fuel as the direct sodium borohydride fuel cell of negative electrode and oxygen can obtain 200mW/cm
2above power density, continuous discharge 120h, performance degradation amount is less than 5%.
The present invention has advantage:
1, Pd nanometer stub growth in situ is on nickel foam surface, be combined firmly with nickel foam, thus the bubbling making this catalyst can stand when washing away for a long time of fuel and sodium borohydride liberation of hydrogen produce bubble hydrogen impacts and does not come off, and also namely ensure that this catalyst has good stability and useful life.
2, Pd nanometer stub is grown directly upon nickel foam surface, and both ensure good electronic conduction direct connection.Make the electronic energy produced when fuel is catalyzed to reduce conduct to rapidly nickel foam and be transferred to negative electrode by anode further, ensure the high conductivity of anode.
3, the structure that the growth of Pd nanometer stub forms similar mace on nickel foam surface makes every root Pd nanometer stub non-overlapping copies, can trigger raw catalytic reaction, also namely have great real space utilance with fuel joint.
4, four sides of this Pd nanometer stub are much larger than bottom surface and end face, are the main positions that catalytic reaction occurs.And these four sides are (100)
pdcrystal face, experimental study shows that sodium borohydride molecule is in (100)
pdcrystal face can realize line absorption, thus ensure that these four sides have good catalysed reductive to sodium borohydride.
In conjunction with actual tests, further illustrate the present invention:
Embodiment 2:
Taking Pt/C as negative electrode, with N117 film for dielectric film, take nickel foam as anode collector and catalyst matrix, assembling direct sodium borohydride fuel cell.Battery is warming up to 80
oc is also incubated.From anode side to inside battery anode flow field pass into polyvinylpyrrolidone, chlorine palladium acid sodium, KBr and ethanol mixed liquor and remain in anode flow field, slowly pass into ascorbic acid solution afterwards, after keeping reacting about 1h, clean anode flow field with deionized water.Make nickel foam superficial growth go out Pd nanometer stub, form similar mace structure.Pd nanometer stub diameter is about 5nm, and length is about 20nm, and average headway is 50nm, and four sides are { 100}
pdcrystal face.Anode passes into sodium borohydride basic fuel afterwards, and negative electrode passes into oxygen, and battery discharge test result shows that battery has good electric output performance, and peak power output density is more than 180mW/cm
2.Continuous discharge 100h, cell performance decay amount is less than 3%.
Embodiment 3:
Taking Co/N/C as negative electrode, with N117 film for dielectric film, take nickel foam as anode collector and catalyst matrix, assembling direct sodium borohydride fuel cell.Battery is warming up to 80
oc is also incubated.From anode side to inside battery anode flow field pass into polyvinylpyrrolidone, chlorine palladium acid sodium, KBr and ethanol mixed liquor and remain in anode flow field, slowly pass into rare sodium borohydride solution afterwards, after keeping reacting about 0.5h, clean anode flow field with deionized water.Make nickel foam superficial growth go out Pd nanometer stub, form similar mace structure.Pd nanometer stub diameter is about 20nm, and length is about 500nm, and average headway is 200nm, and four sides are { 100}
pdcrystal face.Anode passes into sodium borohydride basic fuel afterwards, and negative electrode passes into oxygen, and battery discharge test result shows that battery has good electric output performance, and peak power output density is more than 200mW/cm
2.Continuous discharge 120h, cell performance decay amount is less than 5%.
Embodiment 4:
Taking Ag/C as negative electrode, with N117 film for dielectric film, take nickel foam as anode collector and catalyst matrix, assembling direct sodium borohydride fuel cell.Battery is warming up to 80
oc is also incubated.From anode side to inside battery anode flow field pass into polyvinylpyrrolidone, chlorine palladium acid sodium, KBr, ethanol and ascorbic acid mixed liquor and remain in anode flow field, keep react about 4h after clean anode flow field with deionized water.Make nickel foam superficial growth go out Pd nanometer stub, form similar mace structure.Pd nanometer stub diameter is about 10nm, and length is about 100nm, and average headway is 80nm, and four sides are { 100}
pdcrystal face.Anode passes into sodium borohydride basic fuel afterwards, and negative electrode passes into oxygen, and battery discharge test result shows that battery has good electric output performance, and peak power output density is more than 200mW/cm
2.Continuous discharge 100h, cell performance decay amount is less than 4%.
Do not depart from the scope of the present invention and principle, difference of the present invention changes and change is apparent for those of ordinary skill in the art, is to be understood that and the invention is not restricted in illustrative embodiments proposed above.