CN102915564B - Oriented bounding box and axial bounding box-based shoe last matching method - Google Patents

Oriented bounding box and axial bounding box-based shoe last matching method Download PDF

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CN102915564B
CN102915564B CN201210318465.2A CN201210318465A CN102915564B CN 102915564 B CN102915564 B CN 102915564B CN 201210318465 A CN201210318465 A CN 201210318465A CN 102915564 B CN102915564 B CN 102915564B
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model
bounding box
shoe last
pin
aabb
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CN102915564A (en
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李重
李亮
林佼
李树宏
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ZHEJIANG XIUWEI TECHNOLOGY CO LTD
Zhejiang Sci Tech University ZSTU
Zhejiang University of Science and Technology ZUST
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ZHEJIANG XIUWEI TECHNOLOGY CO LTD
Zhejiang Sci Tech University ZSTU
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Abstract

The invention belongs to the fields such as computer animation, 3D (three dimensional) model building and shape analysis and particularly discloses an oriented bounding box (OBB) and axial bounding box (AABB)-based shoe last matching method. The method comprises the steps of firstly obtaining the OBB of a 3D model foot and a shoe last by matching the foot with the shoe or matching the foot with the shoe last indicating the internal space of the shoe, respectively aligning the foot and the shoe last to three axes of a world coordinative system according to the axial direction of the OBB, computing the AABB of the foot and the shoe last, translating the center of a bottom face quadrangle of the AABB of the foot model to the center of the bottom face quadrangle of the AABB of the shoe last, matching, and properly zooming the shoe if the shoe is larger or smaller. The oriented bounding box (OBB) and axial bounding box (AABB)-based shoe last matching method has the advantages of rapidity, efficacy, capability of accurately zooming the model and providing effective support for a shoe last digital technology.

Description

A kind of pin shoe last or hat block matching process based on oriented bounding box and axial bounding box
Technical field
The present invention relates to the fields such as a kind of computer animation, the foundation of 3D model, shape analysis, specifically refer to that one can be used for the technology such as three-dimensional model coupling, virtual examination footwear.
Background technology
Along with developing rapidly of E-commerce market, virtual fitting in online shopping mall, virtual examination footwear have become a kind of fashion trend.We can construct different clothes, shoes and human 3d model, by clothes or shoes model through on manikin, thus judge that whether required commodity are suitable.In virtual examination footwear, can carry out by pin shoe last or hat block matching process the state that human simulation wears upper shoes, can check and analyze the comfort level of footwear intuitively, expediently.And also can realize exact matching by an iteration next-door neighbour's point algorithm (ICP) between two similar shoe trees, therefore there is important using value to the research of pin shoe last or hat block Model Matching.
The coupling of pin shoe last or hat block model can realize by means of the matching process of general three-dimensional model, and more representational is (1) iteration next-door neighbour point algorithm (ICP).ICP algorithm mainly comprises corresponding point search and transformation matrix between model and calculates two steps, finally obtains rotation matrix and translation matrix.The method can registration and alignment model effectively, but shortcoming is corresponding point searches complicated, and calculated amount is large.(2) statistic histogram algorithm.The method is easy, is widely used, but can only embody the overall distribution on three-dimensional model summit, effectively can not weigh local shape.(3) Gaussian image algorithm is expanded.This algorithm is the similarity being carried out Matching Model by the expansion Gaussian image of three-dimensional model, and expansion Gauss map is mapped as each grid surface of model a vector of unit ball, and this ball is called Gaussian sphere.The long area equaling grid surface of vector field homoemorphism, the direction of vector equals the normal direction of grid surface.But the expansion Gaussian image of concaver is not only, and expansion Gaussian image is relevant with the rotation of three-dimensional model coordinate system, more responsive to plant noise.(4) Functional Analysis algorithm.Functional Analysis Measures compare is many, there is spherical harmonics analysis, Fourier describes, Zernike square etc., these Functional Analysis algorithms have two shortcomings: the three-dimensional model that (a) is general can not be directly used in Functional Analysis, parameter sampling need be carried out, but sampling there is larger restriction to three-dimensional model usually; B () needs unified three-dimensional model coordinate system, three-dimensional model can be different in the data that different coordinate system down-samplings obtains.
Summary of the invention
The present invention proposes a kind of pin shoe last or hat block matching process based on bounding box OBB and bounding box AABB.The method is first rotated pin and shoe last model by oriented bounding box OBB, and they are alignd with three axles of world coordinate system respectively; Calculate their axial bounding box AABB again, make the center of pin model bounding box AABB bottom surface quadrilateral and the center superposition of shoe last model bounding box AABB bottom surface quadrilateral; After matching, if shoe last model is bigger than normal or less than normal, the range difference according to bounding box AABB carries out thick convergent-divergent to it; And difference method of adjusting the distance improves, make the convergent-divergent of shoe last model more accurate.
The present invention is achieved by following technical proposals:
Based on a pin shoe last or hat block matching process for oriented bounding box and axial bounding box, it is characterized in that comprising the following steps:
(1) first by oriented bounding box, pin and shoe last model are rotated, they are alignd with three axles of world coordinate system respectively;
Specifically: the oriented bounding box OBB first obtaining pin and shoe last model, described oriented bounding box OBB refers to that three vectors represent the length of rectangular parallelepiped respectively, wide, high axis, get that root axle parallel with pin length direction as the foundation rotated, angle between the X0Z plane first calculating this axial vector and world coordinate system, then rotates the X-axis of this axle around world coordinate system, makes this axial vector parallel with the XOZ plane of world coordinate system; Calculate the angle between this axial vector and world coordinate system YOZ plane again, then the Y-axis of this axle around world coordinate system is rotated, make this axial vector parallel with the YOZ plane of world coordinate system; Respectively above operation is carried out to pin and shoe last model, make them align with three axles of world coordinate system respectively;
(2) calculate their axial bounding box AABB, make the center of axial bounding box AABB bottom surface quadrilateral and the center superposition of shoe last model bottom surface quadrilateral of pin model;
Specifically: after pin and shoe last model are alignd respectively, ask the axial bounding box AABB of plantar surface and OBB baseplane respectively, get the basic point of center as translation of axial bounding box AABB bottom surface quadrilateral, by the center translation of axial for pin model bounding box AABB bottom surface quadrilateral to the center of shoe tree axial bounding box AABB bottom surface quadrilateral;
(3) after matching, if shoe last model is bigger than normal or less than normal, the range difference according to bounding box carries out thick convergent-divergent to it;
Specifically: pin, shoe last model still align with three axles of world coordinate system, the bounding box AABB of pin and the bounding box AABB of shoe tree is utilized to compare, at X, on Z axis, range difference is that two bounding box AABB are respectively at X, maximal value on Z axis and the difference of maximal value, the difference of minimum value and minimum value; If the range difference in X-axis is less than the threshold value (comfort value, this example gets 0.3cm) of setting, then shoe last model is bigger than normal in the X-axis direction, and shoe last model is contracted to the size that range difference equals threshold value in the X-axis direction; If they are less than given threshold value at the range difference of X-axis, then shoe last model is less than normal in the X-axis direction, and shoe last model is amplified in X-direction the size that range difference equals threshold value; Z axis adopt the disposal route identical with in X-direction realize;
(4) difference method of adjusting the distance improves, and makes the convergent-divergent of shoe last model more accurate;
Specifically: on the basis of thick convergent-divergent, calculate the central point of pin model bounding box AABB, three central planes of structure bounding box AABB, for any point on pin model, a given one length of side, makes it at X, Y, Z axis is formed a cube constraint space centered by oneself; For any point of pin model, if have point on shoe last model in its solid space, illustrate that this point is the point near shoe last model, calculate the x of these points in its solid space on shoe last model respectively, y, z coordinate to the distance of three central planes of pin model bounding box AABB, then is fetched into maximum value and the minimal value of three central plane distances respectively; The point of traversal pin model, if there is arbitrary coordinate of the point on pin model to be greater than the difference of corresponding maximum value and threshold value to the distance of central plane corresponding to pin model bounding box AABB, then illustrate that shoe last model is less than normal in this coordinate axis, calculate the distance of this point nearest with shoe last model in respective shaft respectively, be designated as L, after having traveled through the point of pin model, get the maximal value of L, and then add upper threshold value, be exactly the range difference that shoe last model needs to amplify on this axle; In like manner, if shoe last model is bigger than normal in certain coordinate axis, can correspondingly reduce.
Beneficial effect: in today that hyundai electronics commercial affairs are more and more flourishing, can better purchasing clothing in ecommerce process, purchase the purchasing process that footwear behavior more meets reality, more convenient, more easily choose the commodity be applicable to.
Accompanying drawing explanation
The schematic flow sheet of Fig. 1 implementation procedure of the present invention
Fig. 2 pin model and world coordinate system alignment effect figure
A () is arbitrary pin model initial configuration
The bounding box OBB of (b) pin model
C () pin model is in the rectification of YOZ plane
Effect d () pin model aligns with world coordinate system after
The translation schematic diagram of Fig. 3 pin model
The bounding box AABB of (a) pin model and shoe last model
B the effect after () pin shoe last or hat block coupling, the right is shoe tree translucent effect
Schematic diagram after Fig. 4 pin footwear Model Matching
After (a) pin footwear coupling, pin model local (footwear model local is less than normal) bigger than normal
The bounding box AABB of (b) translation rear foot and footwear model
The improvement schematic diagram of Fig. 5 footwear scaling of model
A the black color dots at () bounding box center is bounding box AABB central point, wherein three planes are the plane of AABB at X-axis mid point, Y-axis mid point, Z axis mid point
B () three line segments represent that on footwear, certain point minute is clipped to the distance of AABB tri-central planes
The experiment effect schematic diagram of Fig. 6 footwear scaling of model
(a) original method zooming effect schematic diagram
B () is improved one's methods zooming effect schematic diagram
The effect schematic diagram of Fig. 7 coupling
(a) man pin footwear Model Matching trailing flank and effect schematic diagram below
The effect schematic diagram in each face after (b) woman sandal coupling
C () children pin footwear mate the effect schematic diagram in each face
D () pin model is suitably out of shape after, with the matching effect figure of high-heeled shoes.
Embodiment
Below enforcement of the present invention is illustrated:
Embodiment 1
For pin model and shoe last model, first rotated by oriented bounding box OBB, then axial bounding box AABB Pan and Zoom, finally carries out improvement four steps to convergent-divergent and completes final coupling.What discuss herein is pin and shoe tree coupling, but for convenience's sake, experiment effect is the coupling of pin model and footwear model.
(1) alignment of model
For pin or shoe last model, we are rotated by oriented bounding box OBB alignment, reach the object of aliging with world coordinate system.OBB (Oriented Bounding Box) is a rectangular parallelepiped pressing close to object most in essence, and only this rectangular parallelepiped can rotate arbitrarily according to the first order matrix of object.Bounding box OBB is used to the bounding box information describing geometry node, and bounding box OBB is the data defined by three vectors in the method.Structure is as follows:
MCenter represents the centre coordinate of OBB, and mAxes represents three vectors.TVector3 indicates the structure of three variablees.The calculating key of OBB finds optimum orientation, and determine the minimum dimension of the bounding box surrounding object in the direction in which.For this reason, the calculating key of OBB finds optimum orientation, and determine the minimum dimension of the bounding box surrounding object in the direction in which.For this reason, calculate single order and second-order statistics that the method for OBB mainly utilizes apex coordinate, first calculate the average μ of summit distribution, using its center as bounding box, then calculate covariance matrix C j, k.Formula is as follows:
u = 1 3 n Σ i = 1 n ( q i + p i + r i ) - - - ( 1 )
The coordinate vector of the fixed point that formula (1) is accumulative all, calculate average vector μ, wherein n is the quantity of all triangular facets, q i, p iand r ithree summits of i-th triangular facet respectively.
C jk = 1 3 n Σ i = 1 n ( p → ij p → ik + q → ij q → ik + r → ij r → ik ) 1 ≤ j , k ≤ 3 - - - ( 2 )
Formula (2) utilizes average vector to calculate covariance matrix C j, k, it is 3 × 3 rank matrixes.Wherein with it is all tri-vector.Then covariance matrix C is obtained j, kproper vector, determine three axis of bounding box OBB local coordinate.By covariance matrix C j, kbe symmetric matrix, its three proper vectors are mutually orthogonal.After unitization for these three proper vectors, set their three axis as the local coordinate of object bounding box OBB.Finally, by all for object fixed point projections in three axial directions, maximal value is in three axial directions calculated, to determine the size of this OBB.
After solving the bounding box OBB of pin model, i.e. three axial vectors of bounding box OBB and central point.We realize the alignment of pin model with that root axle of pin length direction, i.e. that root axle of the middle bounding box of Fig. 2 (b).Angle between the X0Z plane calculating this axial vector and world coordinate system, then rotates the X-axis of this axle around world coordinate system, makes this axial vector parallel with the XOZ plane of world coordinate system, as shown in Fig. 2 (c):
Calculate the angle of this axial vector and world coordinate system YOZ plane, the Y-axis of this axle around world coordinate system rotated, make this axial vector parallel with the YOZ plane of world coordinate system, as shown in Fig. 2 (d):
It in like manner, aligns with three axles of world coordinate system by identical method by shoe last model respectively, needs the center of the center translation of model to world coordinate system to operate before it should be noted that above all rotations.
(2) translation of model
AABB (AxisAligned BoundingBox) is a rectangular structure, its three axial vectors are parallel to the coordinate axis of world coordinates respectively, so only just a bounding box AABB intactly can be described with the coordinate of a point, AABB is used for together with the moving to of pin and shoes pattern herein, and its data structure is as follows:
Max represents the maximal value of bounding box in coordinate axis, and min represents the minimum value of bounding box in coordinate axis.The structure of AABB bounding box is very simple, as long as travel through all summits, takes out minimum and maximum x value respectively, y value, and z value (altogether a value), max point is just made up of maximum three values, and min point is made up of minimum three values.
After aliging respectively to pin and shoe last model, we can be known by Fig. 2 (d), and plantar surface is not parallel with OBB baseplane, so also need to ask bounding box AABB respectively to them.Consider the feature of pin and shoe tree, we get bounding box AABB bottom surface quadrilateral, if the center of the quadrilateral in Fig. 3 (a) is as the foundation of translation, by the center translation of pin model AABB bottom surface quadrilateral to the center of shoe tree Mode A ABB bottom surface quadrilateral, it should be noted that if shoe last model, then can directly translation, if shoes model, then need the height adding sole, effect is as shown in Fig. 3 (b):
(3) convergent-divergent of model
After two model translations are good, there is pin model local situation bigger than normal sometimes, namely occur that partial penetration appears in pin model, as shown in Fig. 4 (a), sometimes also there will be shoes model situation bigger than normal.We can according to (pin, shoe last model still aligns with three axles of world coordinate system) after model translation, and they are at X, Y, and the range difference on Z axis reduces respectively or amplifies footwear model at X, Y, the size on Z axis.Range difference, the distance namely on pin or shoe tree between certain point coordinate and certain corresponding point coordinate.First use process below to calculate the range difference between the rear foot model of coupling and shoe last model.
After two model translations, the AABB of pin and the AABB of shoe tree is utilized to compare, as shown in Fig. 4 (c), at X, on Z axis, range difference is that two bounding boxs are respectively at X, maximal value on Z axis and the difference of maximal value, the difference of minimum value and minimum value, the range difference on the right side of such as pin is that shoe last model deducts the upper maximal value of pin model in X-axis in the maximal value of X-axis, the range difference in the left side of pin is that pin model deducts the minimum value of shoe last model in X-axis in the upper minimum value of X-axis, in like manner can try to achieve the range difference before and after Z axis pin model.If the range difference in X-axis is less than certain threshold value (comfort value, this example gets 0.3cm), then illustrate that shoe last model is bigger than normal in the X-axis direction, is contracted to shoe last model the size that range difference equals threshold value, in like manner Z axis in the X-axis direction; If they are less than given threshold value at the range difference of X-axis, then illustrate that shoe last model is less than normal in the X-axis direction, is amplified in X-direction the size that range difference equals threshold value shoe last model.The method is easier, but convergent-divergent precision is slightly poor, and at X, Z axis can only carry out convergent-divergent.As shown in Fig. 6 (a):
(4) improvement of scaling of model
Because above convergent-divergent degree of accuracy is inadequate, and convergent-divergent can not be carried out in the Y-axis direction.So based on the above method, make improvements.Calculate the central point of pin model AABB, three central planes of structure bounding box, for any point on pin model, (size can control a given one length of side, and numerical value more intensive is larger, and precision is higher, the less calculated amount of numerical value is less conversely, precision is poorer, gets a numerical value 1cm of compromise in this example, and pin is long is 23.80cm), make it at X, Y, Z axis is formed a cube constraint space centered by oneself, as shown in Fig. 5 (a).For any point of pin model, if have point on shoe last model in its cube, illustrate that this point is the point near shoe last model, calculate the x of these points (point in its cube on shoe last model) respectively, y, z coordinate to the distance of three central planes of pin model AABB, as shown in Fig. 5 (b).Be fetched into maximum value and the minimal value of three central plane distances respectively.The point of traversal pin model, if there is arbitrary coordinate of the point on pin model to be greater than corresponding maximum value and threshold value (comfort value to the distance of central plane corresponding to pin model AABB, this example gets 0.3cm) difference, then illustrate that shoe last model is less than normal in this coordinate axis, calculates the distance of this point nearest with shoe last model in respective shaft respectively, is designated as L, after having traveled through the point of pin model, getting the maximal value of L, and then add upper threshold value, is exactly the range difference that shoe last model needs to amplify on this axle; If arbitrary coordinate of the point on pin model to the distance of central plane corresponding to AABB be less than minimal value and threshold value and, then illustrate that shoe last model is bigger than normal on this axle, calculate this distance from the nearest point of footwear modal distance in respective shaft respectively, be designated as L', after having traveled through the point on pin, getting the minimum value of L', and then deduct certain threshold value, is exactly the range difference that shoe last model needs to reduce on this axle.The method calculation of complex, but precision is higher, and convergent-divergent can be distinguished on three direction of principal axis.As shown in Fig. 6 (b):
The experimental result of shoe last model convergent-divergent as shown in Figure 6, Fig. 6 (a), Fig. 6 (b) two figure is the zooming effect of high-heeled shoes model, by Fig. 6 (a), Fig. 6 (b) two figure is more known, in Fig. 6 (a), the width value of the width value high-heeled shoes middle than Fig. 6 (b) of high-heeled shoes is a little larger, and in Fig. 6 (a), high-heeled shoes width is that in 9.52cm, Fig. 6 (b), high-heeled shoes width is 9.39cm.Result confirms, the method effect of improvement is really more accurate than original method.
Structure example
We use Visual C++6.0 and OpenGL shape library on the PC of Intel (R) Core2, the 2GB internal memory of 2.40GHz, achieve algorithm herein, and carry out pin shoe last or hat block Matching Experiment to different 3D model, and result as shown in Figure 7.Fig. 7 (a) is the translucent matching effect of pin footwear of man, and the left side is the effect of outer instep side, and centre is pin effect below, and the right is the effect of interior instep side.Fig. 7 (b), Fig. 7 (c) is the pin footwear coupling of woman sandal and the pin footwear matching effect of children respectively, Far Left is the matching effect before pin, centre keeps left as the effect of outer instep or interior instep (in outer instep figure Fig. 7 (c) of Fig. 7 (b) instep) side, keep right the effect after into pin in centre, rightmost is the matching effect of interior instep or outer instep (in Fig. 7 (b) the outer instep of instep Fig. 7 (c)) side.This method is also applicable to the pin shoe last or hat block coupling of high-heeled shoes, but need to do suitable distortion to pin model before coupling, matching effect after pin model deformation is as shown in Fig. 7 (d), Far Left is the matching effect before pin, centre keeps left as the effect of outer instep side, keep right the effect after into pin in centre, rightmost is the matching effect of interior instep side.
Experimental result shows, the method is quick, and effectively, the bounding box OBB of proposition and bounding box AABB can the alignment (rotation) of implementation model and translation well, and the method for range difference of asking of improvement can the convergent-divergent of more accurately implementation model.For shoe tree digitizing technique provides effective support.

Claims (1)

1., based on a pin shoe last or hat block matching process for oriented bounding box and axial bounding box, it is characterized in that comprising the following steps:
(1) first by oriented bounding box, pin and shoe last model are rotated, they are alignd with three axles of world coordinate system respectively;
Specifically: the oriented bounding box OBB first obtaining pin and shoe last model, described oriented bounding box OBB refers to that three vectors represent the length of rectangular parallelepiped respectively, wide, high axis, get that root axle parallel with pin length direction as the foundation rotated, angle between the X0Z plane first calculating this axial vector and world coordinate system, then rotates the X-axis of this axle around world coordinate system, makes this axial vector parallel with the XOZ plane of world coordinate system; Calculate the angle between this axial vector and world coordinate system YOZ plane again, then the Y-axis of this axle around world coordinate system is rotated, make this axial vector parallel with the YOZ plane of world coordinate system; Respectively above operation is carried out to pin and shoe last model, make them align with three axles of world coordinate system respectively;
(2) calculate their axial bounding box AABB, make the center of axial bounding box AABB bottom surface quadrilateral and the center superposition of shoe last model bottom surface quadrilateral of pin model;
Specifically: after pin and shoe last model are alignd respectively, ask the axial bounding box AABB of plantar surface and OBB baseplane respectively, get the basic point of center as translation of axial bounding box AABB bottom surface quadrilateral, by the center translation of axial for pin model bounding box AABB bottom surface quadrilateral to the center of shoe tree axial bounding box AABB bottom surface quadrilateral;
(3) after matching, if shoe last model is bigger than normal or less than normal, the range difference according to bounding box carries out thick convergent-divergent to it;
Specifically: pin, shoe last model still align with three axles of world coordinate system, the bounding box AABB of pin and the bounding box AABB of shoe tree is utilized to compare, at X, on Z axis, range difference is that two bounding box AABB are respectively at X, maximal value on Z axis and the difference of maximal value, the difference of minimum value and minimum value; If the range difference in X-axis is less than the threshold value of setting, then shoe last model is bigger than normal in the X-axis direction, and shoe last model is contracted to the size that range difference equals threshold value in the X-axis direction; If they are greater than given threshold value at the range difference of X-axis, then shoe last model is less than normal in the X-axis direction, and shoe last model is amplified in X-direction the size that range difference equals threshold value; Z axis adopt the disposal route identical with in X-direction realize;
(4) difference method of adjusting the distance improves, and makes the convergent-divergent of shoe last model more accurate;
Specifically: on the basis of thick convergent-divergent, calculate the central point of pin model bounding box AABB, three central planes of structure bounding box AABB, for any point on pin model, a given one length of side, makes it at X, Y, Z axis is formed a cube constraint space centered by oneself; For any point of pin model, if have point on shoe last model in its solid space, illustrate that this point is the point near shoe last model, calculate the x of these points in its solid space on shoe last model respectively, y, z coordinate to the distance of three central planes of pin model bounding box AABB, then is fetched into maximum value and the minimal value of three central plane distances respectively; The point of traversal pin model, if there is any one coordinate of the point on pin model to be greater than the difference of corresponding maximum value and threshold value to the distance of central plane corresponding to pin model bounding box AABB, then illustrate that shoe last model is less than normal in this coordinate axis, calculate the distance of this point nearest with shoe last model in respective shaft respectively, be designated as L, after having traveled through the point of pin model, get the maximal value of L, and then add upper threshold value, be exactly the range difference that shoe last model needs to amplify on this axle; In like manner, if any one coordinate of the point on pin model to the distance of central plane corresponding to AABB be less than minimal value and threshold value and, then illustrate that shoe last model is bigger than normal on this axle, calculate this distance from the nearest point of footwear modal distance in respective shaft respectively, be designated as L', after having traveled through the point on pin, get the minimum value of L', and then deduct certain threshold value, be exactly the range difference that shoe last model needs to reduce on this axle.
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