A kind of sideway feed process tool
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of machine tool, be specifically related to a kind of sideway feed process tool.
Background technology
In machining process, be inconvenient to be positioned at engine lathe because workpiece quality is larger, the annular groove on the hole sidewall of thus this kind of workpiece cannot be processed on engine lathe; Especially as shown in Figure 5, the hole of workpiece is shoulder hole and the step surface of shoulder hole has annular groove 22, add man-hour when needs carry out boring on the sidewall of annular groove 22, not only engine lathe cannot be processed, and conventional numerical control machining center also cannot be processed.Such as, carry out boring on the sidewall of the annular groove 22 in Fig. 5, annular groove 22 is processed into the dovetail groove 23 in Fig. 6; This process cannot be processed on conventional numerical control machining center, machine tool chief axis just need can be processed with the senior lathe of additional sideway feed axle, but can increase production cost greatly like this.In order to address these problems; the cutter with sideway feed function is installed in usual meeting on the main shaft of general-purpose machining center; the axial feed of main shaft is converted to completely the radial feed of cutter; and rotated by main shaft carry its tools; thus on the hole sidewall of workpiece, process annular groove or carry out boring on annular groove sidewall, obtain required cannelure.
As shown in Figure 9, a kind of cutter with sideway feed function, its by bearing 7 fitted shaft bearing 11 by whole cutter positioning on the workpiece end face at place, hole, then the axial feed of main shaft 1 is converted to the radial feed of boring cutter 5, and by the key block 28 between main shaft 1 and collar bush 27, the rotation of main shaft is delivered on boring cutter 5, boring cutter is rotated; Thus make boring cutter 5 carry out boring on the side of annular groove 22, and then process required dovetail groove 23.Although this kind of cutter with sideway feed function can carry out boring on the side arm of annular groove 22 at present; But it has following deficiency: as shown in Figure 10, the angle of inclination of the side of dovetail groove 23 that processes of this kind of cutter with sideway feed function and shape, depend on angle of inclination and the shape of the cutting edge 29 of the cutter head 6 of boring cutter 5 at present; That is, the boring cutter 5 at present on this kind of cutter with sideway feed function is dedicated tool, and different dovetail grooves 23 needs different boring cutters 5 to correspond; And the material of boring cutter itself requires high and processing difficulties, in actual production process, too much boring cutter makes to increase greatly and produces cost.On the other hand, this kind of boring cutter 5 with the cutter of sideway feed function is in boring process at present, because boring cutter 5 only has the action of radial feed, at boring cutter 5 on the side of annular groove in Boring Process, boring cutter 5 needs very large radial load and carries out boring; Thus the cutter head 6 of boring cutter 5 is subject to workpiece to be applied to radial reaction force on cutter head 6 also very large, and this easily causes the knife bar of boring cutter 5 to be fractureed in process, damages cutter.
Summary of the invention
The first object of the present invention is the problem cannot carrying out boring in order to overcome existing conventional numerical control machining center to the annular groove side on the step surface of workpiece shoulder hole, a kind of sideway feed process tool is provided, effectively can solves the problem conventional numerical control machining center cannot carrying out boring to the annular groove side on the step surface of workpiece shoulder hole.
The second object of the present invention is dedicated tool to overcome the existing boring cutter with the cutter of sideway feed function, and in actual production process, too much boring cutter makes to increase greatly and produces cost; And annular groove side is being carried out in the process of boring, the problem of the knife bar frangibility of boring cutter, provides a kind of sideway feed process tool, its boring cutter applied widely, is applicable to and processes multiple different boring face; And effectively can improve and annular groove side is being carried out in the process of boring, the problem of the knife bar frangibility of boring cutter, improve the service life of boring cutter.
Technical scheme of the present invention is:
A kind of sideway feed process tool, comprise main shaft, main shaft side is provided with radial hole, main shaft end face is provided with the axial hole communicated with radial hole, slide block is provided with in described radial hole, slide block side is provided with first groove relative with axial hole, and the side on the first groove bottom the radial hole is inclined guide surface, and inclined guide surface from the first slot opening end toward bottom gradually in the middle part of the first groove; The first back-moving spring is provided with at the bottom of hole and between slide block in described radial hole; Slidably be provided with mandrel in described axial hole, one end of mandrel to extend in the first groove and is resisted against in inclined guide surface; The other end of mandrel is positioned at outside axial hole, and this end is arranged with the bearing coaxial with main shaft, and bearing is arranged with bearing block; One end of described slide block is positioned at outside radial hole and this end is provided with boring cutter, and boring cutter axially extends along main shaft, and the cutter head of boring cutter and bearing seat are in the same side of slide block.
The specific works process of this programme cutter is as follows: be first fixed on the cutterhead of conventional numerical control machining center by main shaft by the shank of main shaft.Then, in the axial feed process of main shaft, the bearing block of mandrel end will lean on the step surface of workpiece shoulder hole; After bearing block will push up firm workpiece, continue to do in the process of axial feed at main shaft, boring cutter is not only with main shaft together axial feed; And be resisted against in inclined guide surface due to the end of mandrel, under the guide effect of inclined guide surface, slide block will move radially, thus realizes the radial feed of boring cutter; Namely after bearing block will push up firm workpiece, the action of axial feed and radial feed done by boring cutter simultaneously, thus realizes boring is carried out in the annular groove side on the step surface of shoulder hole.Because this programme cutter only needs main shaft to do the action of rotation and axial feed, boring can be carried out on annular groove side, thus can well be applied on conventional numerical control machining center.
On the other hand, because boring cutter is carrying out in the process of boring to annular groove side, be progressively complete boring to annular groove side by axial feed and radial feed; And on annular groove side the shape in the boring face that boring goes out, all depend on the shape of the inclined guide surface on the first groove upper side wall, have nothing to do with the angle of inclination of the cutting edge of the cutter head of boring and shape; Inclined guide surface plays the effect of spigot surface.Man-hour is being added to different boring faces, only need to change slide block and the inclined guide surface reset in the first recess sidewall, thus the boring cutter of this programme sideway feed process tool, is applicable to and processes multiple different boring face, applied widely.In addition, the boring cutter of this programme is carrying out in the process of boring to annular groove side, is progressively to complete boring to annular groove side by axial feed and radial feed; With the existing boring cutter with the cutter of sideway feed function in boring process, completely come to compare the boring of annular groove side by radial feed; Effectively can reduce the radial load that boring cutter is subject in Boring Process; Thus effectively improvement is being carried out in the process of boring to annular groove side, the problem of the knife bar frangibility of boring cutter, is improving the service life of boring cutter.
As preferably, axial hole is shoulder hole, and shoulder hole sectional area from shoulder hole port toward interior in reduction trend, the step surface of axial hole is provided with axial bolts hole; What described mandrel was corresponding with axial hole is set to multidiameter, and the step surface of mandrel is provided with the through hole corresponding with axial bolts hole; One adjusting bolt is passed this through hole and is fixed on axial bolts hole, and the axis of adjusting bolt parallels with the axis of main shaft; The second back-moving spring is provided with between the step surface of described axial hole and corresponding mandrel step surface.
The spacing between the step surface of mandrel and the step surface of axial hole can be regulated by adjusting bolt, thus control the rate of travel between mandrel and main shaft; Do at main shaft in the process of axis feeding, can realize controlling the axial feed of boring cutter and the maximum displacement of radial feed and regulating; Effectively can improve the scope of application of cutter.In the process of main spindle retraction, the second back-moving spring can make the end of mandrel exit outside the first groove, ensures that the first back-moving spring can promote boring cutter transverse shifting, makes boring cutter withdrawing; Make the rate of travel between mandrel and main shaft be returned to the state of original state and maximum rate of travel simultaneously, ensure the carrying out of processing again.
As preferably, the step surface of axial hole is provided with a spacing hole, and described second back-moving spring is located in spacing hole; The axis of described adjusting bolt parallels with the axis of main shaft.Because the second back-moving spring is located in spacing hole, not only the second back-moving spring is carried out spacing; And second back-moving spring itself can not occupy spacing between the step surface of mandrel and the step surface of axial hole, the rate of travel between mandrel and main shaft can be increased.
As preferably, bearing block edge is provided with at least three along the axially extended feet of main shaft, and feet extends towards slide block direction; Described feet end is provided with raised support block laterally.Because feet extends towards slide block direction, the length that boring cutter extends towards bearing block direction can be reduced, and the length that feet extends towards slide block direction is the length that boring cutter shortens; Thus not only can reduce the length of boring cutter, improve the intensity of boring cutter, and the stability in process; Can also reduce costs.
As preferably, inclined guide surface is an inclined-plane, end near the first groove on mandrel is Rotary-table, and the side of Rotary-table is resisted against in the inclined guide surface of the first groove, and Rotary-table bus is identical with the angle of inclined guide surface and main-shaft axis with the angle of main-shaft axis.Due to the shape in boring cutter boring face that boring goes out on annular groove side of this programme, depend on the inclined guide surface shape on the first groove upper side wall; Thus the sideway feed process tool of this programme, is applicable to boring on annular groove side and goes out an inclined-plane, annular groove boring is become dovetail groove.On the other hand, coordinated with the inclined guide surface of the first groove by the conical surface of Rotary-table, the promotion slide block being not only conducive to mandrel stable moves; And the contact area that can reduce between mandrel end and inclined guide surface, reduce the frictional force in mandrel promotion slide block moving process.
As preferably, inclined guide surface is arc surface, and the end face edge near the first groove on mandrel is provided with rounding, and the cambered surface of rounding is resisted against on the arc surface of the first groove.Due to the shape in boring cutter boring face that boring goes out on annular groove side of this programme, depend on the inclined guide surface shape on the first groove upper side wall; Thus the sideway feed process tool of this programme, is applicable to the arc surface that boring goes out depression or protrudes on annular groove side.
As preferably, the circular in cross-section of radial hole and slide block, described slide block side is provided with keyway, described radial hole side is provided with the axially extended gathering sill in radially hole relative to keyway, is provided with limited block between gathering sill and keyway.Circular radial hole and slide block, be conducive to actual processing and fabricating; And the setting of gathering sill, keyway and limited block, can rotate by anti-limited slip block.
As preferably, be bolted between boring cutter and slide block, and between boring cutter and slide block, be provided with adjustment pad.Can the position of regulating boring cutter by adjustment pad, be conducive to adjusting boring cutter when changing boring cutter.
As preferably, radial hole is through hole, and radial hole one end is provided with stifle, is bolted between stifle and main shaft; First back-moving spring is located in the radial hole between stifle and slide block.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
One, effectively can solve the problem conventional numerical control machining center cannot carrying out boring to the annular groove side on the step surface of workpiece shoulder hole.
Its two, boring cutter applied widely, is applicable to and processes multiple different boring face; Can effectively reduce costs in actual production process.
Its three, effectively can improve and annular groove side carried out in the process of boring, the problem of the knife bar frangibility of boring cutter, improve service life of boring cutter.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is a kind of structural representation of a kind of sideway feed process tool of the embodiment of the present invention 1.
Fig. 2 is a kind of structural representation of main shaft of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a kind of sideway feed process tool a kind of structural representation in actual mechanical process of the embodiment of the present invention 1.
Fig. 4 is the partial enlarged drawing at A place in Fig. 3.
A kind of structural representation at the annular groove place of Fig. 5 a kind of workpiece of the prior art.
A kind of structural representation at the dovetail groove place of Fig. 6 a kind of workpiece of the prior art.
Fig. 7 is a kind of structural representation of a kind of sideway feed process tool of the embodiment of the present invention 2.
Fig. 8 is the partial enlarged drawing at B place in Fig. 7.
Fig. 9 is a kind of a kind of structural representation with the cutter of sideway feed function had in technology.
Figure 10 is the partial enlarged drawing at C place in Fig. 9.
In figure: main shaft 1, slide block 2, adjustment pad 3, first groove 4, boring cutter 5, cutter head 6, bearing 7, adjusting bolt 8, mandrel 9, end cap 10, bearing block 11, shape support set 12,
Support limit stop 13, second back-moving spring 14, inclined guide surface 15, first back-moving spring 16, stifle 17, radial hole 18, axial hole 19, shank 20, workpiece 21, annular groove 22, dovetail groove 23, side boring sword 24, end boring sword 25, collar bush 27, key block 28, cutting edge 29.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and detailed description of the invention, the present invention is described in further detail:
Embodiment 1: as shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2, a kind of sideway feed process tool, comprises main shaft 1, and one end of main shaft is provided with the shank 20 be connected with the cutterhead of numerical control machining center.Main shaft 1 side is provided with radial hole 18.End face relative with shank on main shaft 1 is provided with the axial hole 19 communicated with radial hole.Radial hole 18 is through hole, and radial hole one end is provided with stifle 17, is bolted between stifle and main shaft.Slide block 2 is provided with in radial hole 18, and the circular in cross-section of radial hole and slide block.Slide block 2 side is provided with keyway, radial hole side is provided with the axially extended gathering sill in radially hole relative to keyway, is provided with limited block between gathering sill and keyway.In radial hole 18 between stifle 17 and slide block 2 between be provided with the first back-moving spring 16.One end of slide block 2 is positioned at outside radial hole and this end is provided with boring cutter 5.Be bolted between boring cutter 5 and slide block 2, and between boring cutter and slide block, be provided with adjustment pad 3.Boring cutter 5 axially extends along main shaft 1.Slide block 2 side is provided with first groove 4 relative with axial hole 19, and the side on the first groove 4 bottom radial hole is inclined guide surface 15, and the side namely near stifle 17 on the first groove 4 is inclined guide surface 15.Inclined guide surface 15 from the first slot opening end toward bottom gradually in the middle part of the first groove.Inclined guide surface 15 is an inclined-plane.
Axial hole 19 is shoulder hole, and shoulder hole sectional area from shoulder hole port toward interior in reduction trend.Slidably be provided with mandrel 9 in axial hole 19, what mandrel was corresponding with axial hole is set to multidiameter.The second back-moving spring 14 is provided with between the step surface of axial hole 19 and corresponding mandrel 9 step surface; Specifically, the step surface of axial hole 19 is provided with a spacing hole, and the second back-moving spring is located in spacing hole.One end of mandrel 9 to extend in the first groove 4 and is resisted against in inclined guide surface 15; Specifically, the end near the first groove 4 on mandrel 9 is Rotary-table, and the side of Rotary-table is resisted against in the inclined guide surface 15 of the first groove, and Rotary-table bus is identical with the angle of inclined guide surface and main-shaft axis with the angle of main-shaft axis.
The other end of mandrel 9 is positioned at outside axial hole 19, and this end is arranged with the bearing 7 coaxial with main shaft 1.Bearing 7 is arranged with bearing block 11.Bearing block 11 edge is provided with three along the axially extended feet of main shaft, and feet extends towards slide block direction.Three feets are uniformly distributed circumferentially.Feet end is provided with raised support block laterally.On mandrel 9 end of bearing 7, be also provided with the end cap 10 for Limit Bearing 7, end cap plays back-up ring, and end cap 10 is bolted on mandrel 9.Mandrel 9 is positioned at axial hole 19 place end face and is provided with an adjusting bolt 8 everywhere, adjusting bolt is fixed on main shaft 1 through mandrel 9; Specifically, the step surface of axial hole 19 is provided with axial bolts hole; The step surface of mandrel 9 is provided with the through hole corresponding with axial bolts hole, and this through hole parallels with main shaft 1 axis; One adjusting bolt 8 is passed this through hole and is fixed on axial bolts hole.The axis of adjusting bolt parallels with the axis of main shaft.Cutter head 6 and the bearing block 11 of above-mentioned boring cutter 5 are positioned at the same side of slide block 2.
The specific works process of sideway feed process tool of the present invention is as follows:
First, by the shank 20 of main shaft 1, main shaft is fixed on the cutterhead of conventional numerical control machining center, and cutter is fixed on cutterhead.
Then, as shown in Figure 3, do in the process of axial feed at main shaft 1, the bearing block 11 of mandrel 9 end will lean on the step surface of workpiece 21 shoulder hole; After bearing block 11 will push up firm workpiece 21, mandrel 9 will stop mobile, and thus continue to do in the process of axial feed at main shaft 1, boring cutter 5 not only together makes axial feed with main shaft 1; And under the end of mandrel 9 promotes, inclined guide surface 15 along moving radially, thus is realized the radial feed of boring cutter 5 by slide block 2.Boring cutter 5, while rotating with main shaft 1, progressively completes the boring to annular groove side by the axial feed of boring cutter 5 and radial feed.Annular groove 22 in Fig. 5 is processed into the dovetail groove 23 in Fig. 6.
As shown in Figure 4, this programme boring cutter 5 cutter head 6 there is end boring sword 25 and side boring sword 24.Carry out in the process of boring in cutter head 6 pairs of annular groove sides of boring cutter 5, coordinate side boring sword 24 pairs of annular groove sides of cutter head 6 to carry out boring by the radial feed of boring cutter 5, also carry out boring by axial feed cooperative end part boring sword 25 pairs of annular groove sides of boring cutter 5 simultaneously.Because the boring cutter 5 of this programme carries out boring by axial feed cooperative end part boring sword 25 pairs of annular groove sides, boring cutter 5 can be shared greatly in radial feed process, the boring amount of side boring sword 24 pairs of annular groove sides; Thus the radial load that boring cutter is required in Boring Process can effectively be reduced, and then the effective radial load reducing boring cutter and be subject in Boring Process; Thus effectively improvement is being carried out in the process of boring to annular groove side, the problem of the knife bar frangibility of boring cutter.
On the other hand, because boring cutter 5 is carrying out in the process of boring to annular groove side, be progressively complete boring to annular groove side by the axial feed of boring cutter 5 and radial feed; Thus the rake angle of the inclined guide surface 15 on the first groove 4 upper side wall is depended at the angle of inclination in boring face that boring cutter 5 boring goes out, and namely the boring inclination angle in boring face that goes out in annular groove side is identical with the rake angle of inclined guide surface 15.
Finally, when interior complete processing after, main shaft 1 stops operating and withdrawing; In the process of main shaft 1 withdrawing backward, the second back-moving spring 14 makes the end of mandrel 9 exit outside the first groove 4; Thus slide block 2 is moved under the effect of the first back-moving spring 16 outside radial hole 18; The withdrawing process of boring cutter 5 is realized with this.Main shaft 1 drives whole cutter to exit.
Embodiment 2: as shown in Figure 7, Figure 8, a kind of sideway feed process tool, comprises main shaft 1, and main shaft side is provided with radial hole 18, and main shaft end face is provided with the axial hole 19 communicated with radial hole.Slide block 2 is provided with in radial hole.Slide block side is provided with first groove 4 relative with axial hole, and the side on the first groove bottom radial hole is inclined guide surface 15.Inclined guide surface 15 is arc surface, and this arc surface from the first groove 4 openend toward bottom gradually in the middle part of the first groove.Mandrel 9 is slidably provided with in axial hole.End face edge near the first groove on mandrel is provided with rounding, and the cambered surface of rounding is resisted against on the arc surface of the first groove.All the other structures of the present embodiment are with reference to embodiment 1.
Because inclined guide surface 15 is arc surface, and one end of mandrel to extend in the first groove and is resisted against on arc surface; Thus the sideway feed process tool of the present embodiment, is applicable to the arc surface that boring goes out depression or protrudes on annular groove side.If arc surface is the arc surface protruded, then the boring face that boring goes out is the arc surface of depression; If arc surface is the arc surface of depression, then the boring face that boring goes out is the arc surface protruded.
Embodiment 3: bearing block 11 edge is provided with a ring shape support set, and annular brace cover extends towards slide block 2 direction.The end of annular brace cover is provided with raised support block laterally.Three feets in embodiment 1 are replaced by annular brace cover.All the other structures of the present embodiment are with reference to embodiment 1.