CN102908843A - Lead fume treatment method for lead-acid storage battery production process - Google Patents

Lead fume treatment method for lead-acid storage battery production process Download PDF

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Publication number
CN102908843A
CN102908843A CN2012104054105A CN201210405410A CN102908843A CN 102908843 A CN102908843 A CN 102908843A CN 2012104054105 A CN2012104054105 A CN 2012104054105A CN 201210405410 A CN201210405410 A CN 201210405410A CN 102908843 A CN102908843 A CN 102908843A
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lead
fume
filter
production process
film
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CN2012104054105A
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邢卫红
仲兆祥
张峰
徐南平
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Nanjing Tech University
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Nanjing Tech University
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Abstract

The invention relates to a lead fume treatment method for lead-acid storage battery production process. The lead fume treatment method includes the following steps of feeding high-temperature lead fume generated by casting burning lead bars and pole columns in the lead-acid storage battery production process into an inorganic membrane filter, subjecting the lead fume to gas and solid separation by a screening function of an inorganic membrane; directly discharging clean air purified by the inorganic membrane filter; discharging retained lead dust particles after concentrating to react with dilute acetic acid solution, concentrating lead acetate solution by an evaporator and drying the same through a vacuum drying tank to obtain lead acetate solids. The lead acetate solids can be used for preparing various lead salts, anti-fouling coatings, water-quality protective agents, pigment fillers, coating drying agent, fiber dyeing agent and solvent for heavy-metal cyaniding process.

Description

The processing method of lead fume in a kind of lead-acid accumulator production process
Technical field
The present invention relates to the processing method of lead fume in a kind of lead-acid accumulator production process, relate in particular to a kind of inorganic embrane method and process the method for the lead fume that produces in the lead-acid accumulator production process, the clean gas of its per-meate side meets discharging standards, can directly be discharged in the atmosphere, the lead dust particle of recovery can obtain lead acetate after treatment.
Background technology
Lead-acid accumulator is the battery that output is maximum in the world, purposes is the widest, and the lead that it consumes accounts for 82% of the plumbous amount of the total consumption in the whole world.China has become maximum in the world lead-acid accumulator manufacturing, big export country, especially the consumption big country of lead-acid accumulator.
Produce the lead plumbate battery and need to carry out selection and the processing of plumbous part, wherein a burning bar of lead and pole are formed by the particular manufacturing craft casting, its temperature can reach 450 ℃, can produce two kinds of industrial poisons in the high temperature melting process: a kind of is the lead that produces after plumbous molten surface and the airborne oxygen effect and the loose mixture of multiple lead oxide dust, is commonly referred to lead skim; The 2nd, the mixture of air, plumbous steam and multiple lead oxide dust is commonly referred to lead fume.The particle of lead fume minimum (average grain diameter is about 0.5 μ m, and true specific gravity is 5.43~6.96, and apparent specific gravity (gd) is about 1.18) is aerosol state, floats for a long time in air, causes atmosphere pollution, and health is caused very big harm.Maximum permissible concentration is 0.03mg/m in the workshop air 3General concentration when Lead in Air reaches 1/10000000th, lead content surpasses when lead content surpasses 0.1~0.15mg/L in 0.1mg/L, the blood of human body in the surface water, will produce human body and endanger, and cause lead poisoning.Therefore, protection of the environment reduces lead contamination, is the problem that people pay attention to always.
Present lead fume dirt is administered technique and is mainly divided two kinds of dry method and wet methods.
Dry process has ultra-fine fibre glass filtration method, electrostatic method and bag-type dust method etc.; The ultra-fine fibre glass filtration method belongs to end-filtration, and filter efficiency can reach 99.34%, but owing to containing the materials such as potassium, sodium, lead in its composition, is easy to disconnected broken resulting in blockage; The electrostatic method cost is higher, is not suitable in middle and small scale enterprise application and not high to the ultrafine dust arresting efficiency, greatly about about 92 ~ 93%; The sack cleaner range of application mainly is subjected to the restriction of heatproof, corrosion resistance of filtrate etc., generally only limits to below 250 ℃; And efficiency of dust collection can reach 99%, but still does not reach lead fume discharge standard in the lead-acid accumulator process, and filter bag is fragile, needs often to change.
Wet cleaning technique is divided into again the physical cleaning method and chemical method purifies two classes.Water absorption method belongs to the physical cleaning method, is present the simplest method.As absorption liquid, absorption liquid recycles chemicalpurification with acetate solution, alkali lye, reaches the purpose that purifies and reclaim.
The wet dedusting meeting produces waste water; form secondary pollution; lead in the lead fume and particles of lead oxide chemical property are stable and water insoluble; and be the little dust of hydrophily; therefore water can only wash the particle of greater particle size in the flue gas; cohesion and assimilation effect to the lead fume that is aerosol state are relatively poor, and efficiency of dust collection now is eliminated between 96 ~ 99% gradually.
Patent CN2123360 has announced a kind of purification equipment for separating lead powder from air, and this clarifier purifies lead fume by particle layers, spray header and cloth bag, is applicable on a small scale molten lead operation; Patent CN2388998 discloses a kind of lead fume purifier, and this device is main to adopt wet dedusting, and environmental pollution is larger.The patent of processing about lead fume at present is partial on a small scale lead fume treating apparatus more, and mostly being wet dedusting combines with Bag filter, treating capacity is little, can produce secondary wastewater and pollute, and the high temperature range of application of cloth bag is narrower, low can the processing to lead fume of intensity brought limitation.
The inorganic membrane filtration device has then overcome above-mentioned shortcoming, and inoranic membrane has high, the high temperature resistant and acid-alkali-corrosive-resisting performance of intensity when having higher filtering accuracy, and can not cause secondary pollution.The present invention adopts membrane filtration to carry out gas solid separation, and separative efficiency is high, easily realizes automation can be applicable to industrialized production, has also reclaimed the high plumbous particle of added value when alleviating environmental protection pressure, realizes refuse reclamation, really accomplishes energy-saving and emission-reduction.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is the high temperature lead fume that produces in the lead-acid accumulator production process in order to process, avoid wherein poisonous substance such as the atmosphere pollution such as lead oxide, the health that harm humans etc. are biological reclaims simultaneously valuable lead dust particle in the lead fume and the processing method of lead fume in a kind of lead-acid accumulator production process is provided.This method is utilized emerging membrane separation technique, simple and efficient, energy-efficient processing lead fume waste gas, and the recycling of realization lead dust particle, existing lead fume processing technological flow is long to solve, complicated operation, the problems such as cost costliness.
Technical scheme of the present invention is: the processing method of lead fume in a kind of lead-acid accumulator production process, and its concrete steps are as follows:
A) the lead fume a that is produced by a casting burning bar of lead and pole in the lead-acid accumulator operation process is delivered to inorganic membrane filtration device II through blower fan I, obtaining per-meate side clean gas b directly discharges, dense dirt side lead dust particle c is settled down to filter bottom, enters next process;
B) above-mentioned lead dust particle c is put into generation lead acetate solution e among the retort III that contains acetum d;
C) lead acetate solution e concentrates through evaporimeter IV and obtains lead acetate concentrate f;
D) lead acetate concentrate f obtains lead acetate solid g after vacuum drying chamber V drying.
Wherein said lead fume, its mass of solid particles concentration is: 0.03~5000mg/m 3, grain diameter is between 0.01~4 μ m, and average grain diameter is about 0.5 μ m, and the lead fume temperature is 200 ~ 700 ℃.
Steps A) used membrane component is the tubular membrane that pottery, metal or metallic composite consist of in the inorganic membrane filtration device in; Film tube passage diameter is 4-60mm; Film is configured as single tube or multichannel; The average pore size of film is 0.01 ~ 4 μ m; Filter pressure 0.1 ~ the 0.5MPa of inoranic membrane ultimate filter.
The lead fume temperature is generally 200 ~ 700 ℃, so steps A) operating temperature also be 200 ~ 700 ℃.
Preferred steps B) mass concentration of described acetum is 0.5-3%.
Steps A) film filter in is provided with recoiling device, membrane flux drop to initial flux 40 ~ 60% the time, back-blowing device moves automatically, adopts the pulse backblowing technology to remove the filter cake that the inoranic membrane surface forms.
Beneficial effect:
(1) adopting membrane separation technique is the high temperature lead fume that produces in master's the PROCESS FOR TREATMENT lead-acid accumulator production process, make exit gas reach discharge standard, avoided pollutant atmosphere, reclaimed simultaneously lead dust particle useful in the lead fume, technique is advanced, and flow process is short, and is simple to operate, energy consumption is low, and organic efficiency is high.
(2) recoil gas comes from clean gas after the separation in this technological process, and the temperature of its temperature and filtration system is suitable, and when the High Temperature Gas solid phase reaction was separated, purge gas did not need other heating, has saved energy consumption.
(3) industrial water consumption of the present invention is few, and non-wastewater discharge can not produce secondary pollution.
(3) the film separation accuracy is high, and is easy to realize serialization, automation mechanized operation.
(4) the present invention not only is fit to the recycling of the high temperature lead fume that produces in the lead-acid accumulator production process, also is applicable to the processing of the high temperature lead fume that produces in other plumbous part casting cycles.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the process chart of processing lead fume in the lead-acid accumulator production process of the present invention;
Wherein, I-blower fan, II-inoranic membrane ultimate filter, III-retort, IV-evaporimeter, the V-vacuum drying chamber, VI-gas compressor, a-lead fume, b-clean gas, c-lead dust particle, the d-acetum, e-lead acetate solution, f-lead acetate concentrate, g-lead acetate solid.
The specific embodiment
Embodiment 1:
The present embodiment explanation utilizes the processing method of the lead fume that produces in a kind of lead-acid accumulator production process of the present invention, as shown in Figure 1, mainly may further comprise the steps.
(1) the lead fume a that is produced by a casting burning bar of lead and pole in the lead-acid accumulator operation process is delivered to inorganic membrane filtration device II through blower fan I, lead fume particle average grain diameter is 0.5 μ m, it is the pellumina of 0.2 μ m that the inorganic membrane filtration element is selected average pore size, film tube passage diameter is 4mm, 19 passages, filter pressure (transmembrane pressure) is 0.1MPa, and the feed side gas temperature is 350 ℃, and dust concentration is 387mg/m 3, filtering initial time film pipe flux is 20m 3/ m 2H, the dust content of per-meate side clean gas b is 0.001mg/m 3, reach the lead dust discharge standard, directly discharge, dense dirt side lead dust particle c is settled down to filter bottom, discharge filter;
Among the present invention, when film pipe flux is down to 10m 3/ m 2During h, recoiling device starts automatically, recoil gas i by per-meate side clean gas b through gas compressor VI compression and get, to the cleaning that recoils of inorganic membrane filtration device, so that filter cake comes off and is settled down to filter bottom, discharge filter;
2) above-mentioned lead dust particle c is put into contain and generate lead acetate solution e among the retort III that mass concentration is 2% acetum d;
3) lead acetate solution e obtains lead acetate concentrate f after evaporimeter IV is concentrated;
4) lead acetate concentrate f obtains lead acetate solid g after vacuum desiccator V drying.The present embodiment reaches 99.99% to the rate of recovery of lead dust.
Embodiment 2:
The high temperature lead fume that is produced take Jiangsu battery company is as example, and temperature is 390 ℃, and dust concentration is 0.03mg/m 3The particle average grain diameter is 0.05 μ m, it is the zirconium oxide film of 0.01 μ m that membrane component is selected average pore size, film tube passage diameter is 4mm, single tube, and 0.5MPa falls in filter pressure, do not detect dust in the per-meate side gas, per-meate side gas is discharged, and reaches the lead dust discharge standard, and holding back side lead dust particle, to put into mass concentration be in 0.7% the acetum.Experiment was carried out 30 hours, need not the film pipe is recoiled.Lead acetate solution obtains the lead acetate concentrate after evaporimeter is concentrated, obtain the lead acetate solid after the vacuum desiccator drying again.The present embodiment reaches 100% to the rate of recovery of lead dust.
Embodiment 3:
The high temperature lead fume that is produced take Jiangsu company is as example, and 700 ℃ of temperature, dust concentration are 2570mg/m 3, grain diameter is 1 μ m, and it is the cordierite ceramic film of 0.5 μ m that membrane component is selected average pore size, and film tube passage diameter is 40mm, and filtering initial time film pipe flux is 100m 3/ m 2H, filter pressure 0.1MPa, per-meate side fuel gas and dust content is 0.001mg/m 3, per-meate side gas is discharged, and reaches the lead dust discharge standard, and holding back side lead dust particle, to put into mass concentration be in 3% the acetum.Film pipe flux is down to 40m 3/ m 2During h, recoiling device is opened automatically, and recoil gas is settled down to filter bottom so that filter cake comes off, discharge filter to the cleaning that recoils of inorganic membrane filtration device.Lead acetate solution obtains the lead acetate concentrate after evaporimeter is concentrated, obtain the lead acetate solid after the vacuum desiccator drying again.The present embodiment reaches 99.99% to the rate of recovery of lead dust.
Embodiment 4:
Take high temperature lead fume that certain company was produced as example, 200 ℃ of temperature, dust concentration are 5000mg/m 3, grain diameter is 5 μ m, and it is the alumina ceramic membrane of 4 μ m that membrane component is selected average pore size, and film tube passage diameter is 6mm, 19 passages, filter pressure 0.1MPa, per-meate side fuel gas and dust content is 0.03mg/m 3, per-meate side gas is discharged, and reaches the lead dust discharge standard, and holding back side lead dust particle, to put into mass concentration be in 3% the acetum.Experiment was carried out 20 hours, need not the film pipe is recoiled.Lead acetate solution obtains the lead acetate concentrate after evaporimeter is concentrated, obtain the lead acetate solid after the vacuum desiccator drying again.The present embodiment reaches 100% to the rate of recovery of lead dust.

Claims (5)

1. the processing method of the lead fume that produces in the lead-acid accumulator production process, concrete steps are as follows:
A) the lead fume a that is produced by a casting burning bar of lead and pole in the lead-acid accumulator operation process is delivered to inoranic membrane ultimate filter (II) through blower fan (I), per-meate side clean gas b directly discharges, and dense dirt side lead dust particle c is settled down to filter bottom and enters next process;
B) above-mentioned lead dust particle c is put into generation lead acetate solution e in the retort (III) that contains acetum d;
C) lead acetate solution e concentrates through evaporimeter (IV) and obtains lead acetate concentrate f;
D) lead acetate concentrate f obtains lead acetate solid g after vacuum drying chamber (V) drying.
2. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that the lead fume that produces in the described lead-acid accumulator production process, and mass of solid particles concentration is 0.03 ~ 5000mg/m 3
3. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that steps A) in the tubular membrane that consists of for pottery, metal or metallic composite of inorganic membrane element in the inoranic membrane ultimate filter; Film tube passage diameter is 4-60mm; Film is configured as single tube or multichannel; The average pore size of film is 0.01 ~ 4 μ m; Filter pressure 0.1 ~ the 0.5MPa of inoranic membrane ultimate filter.
4. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that step B) in the mass concentration of acetum be 0.5 ~ 3%.
5. method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the film filter steps A) is provided with recoiling device, membrane flux drop to initial flux 40 ~ 60% the time, back-blowing device moves automatically, adopts the pulse backblowing technology to remove the filter cake that the inoranic membrane surface forms.
CN2012104054105A 2012-10-22 2012-10-22 Lead fume treatment method for lead-acid storage battery production process Pending CN102908843A (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104474810A (en) * 2014-10-23 2015-04-01 山东瑞宇蓄电池有限公司 A lead-acid storage battery producing device and a dust collector thereof

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101757827A (en) * 2010-02-04 2010-06-30 南京工业大学 Gas-solid phase reaction separation system and separation method thereof
CN201997208U (en) * 2010-12-29 2011-10-05 贵州大学 Novel industrial filter device for mircoporous ceramic membrane pipe
CN202315590U (en) * 2011-10-26 2012-07-11 贵州大学 Device for separating and collecting harmful ultra-fine dust in industrial discharged waste gas

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101757827A (en) * 2010-02-04 2010-06-30 南京工业大学 Gas-solid phase reaction separation system and separation method thereof
CN201997208U (en) * 2010-12-29 2011-10-05 贵州大学 Novel industrial filter device for mircoporous ceramic membrane pipe
CN202315590U (en) * 2011-10-26 2012-07-11 贵州大学 Device for separating and collecting harmful ultra-fine dust in industrial discharged waste gas

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104474810A (en) * 2014-10-23 2015-04-01 山东瑞宇蓄电池有限公司 A lead-acid storage battery producing device and a dust collector thereof

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Application publication date: 20130206