CN102906555B

CN102906555B - Methods, devices, and systems for detecting properties of target samples

Info

Publication number: CN102906555B
Application number: CN201180009296.8A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 罗伊·E·麦卡利斯特
Original assignee: McAlister Technologies LLC
Current assignee: McAlister Technologies LLC
Priority date: 2010-02-13
Filing date: 2011-02-14
Publication date: 2015-07-08
Anticipated expiration: 2031-02-14
Also published as: CN102906555A; WO2011100718A2; EP2534462A2; WO2011100718A3

Abstract

Systems and methods for collecting portions of a target sample are disclosed herein. A method for detecting the presence and/or properties of a target sample can include selectively collecting a portion of a target sample with a sample collector and detecting, with the sample collector, the presence of one or more properties of the microscopic portion of the target sample. The method also includes analyzing, with the sample collector, the one or more properties of the microscopic portion of the target sample. Based on the analysis, the method further includes reporting, from the sample collector, a real-time indication of the analysis of the one or more properties of the target sample. The method can also include at least partially removing the microscopic portion of the target sample from the sample collector.; The methods and systems disclosed herein can be used, for example, in systems or environments directed to quality assurance, preventative maintenance, safety, hazard warnings, homeland security, chemical identification and surveillance, and/or other suitable environments.

Description

For detecting the method, apparatus and system of target sample attribute

The cross reference of related application

This application claims U.S. Patent application No.61/304 that on February 13rd, 2010 submits to, that be entitled as " FULL SPECTRUMENERGY AND RESOURCE INDEPENDENCE ", the right of priority of 403 and rights and interests.The application is the U.S. Patent application No.12/806 submitting, be entitled as " METHODS AND APPARATUSES FOR DETECTION OF PROPERTIESOF FLUID CONVEYANCE SYSTEMS " on August 16th, 2010, the part continuity of 634, this application No.12/806,634 require U.S. Provisional Application No.61/304 that on February 13rd, 2010 submits to, that be entitled as " FULLSPECTRUM ENERGY AND RESOURCE INDEPENDENCE ", the right of priority of 403 and rights and interests.U.S. Patent application No.12/806,634 is also the part continuity that following every portion is applied for: U.S. Patent application No.12/707 that on February 17th, 2010 submits to, that be entitled as " ELECTROLYTIC CELL AND METHOD OF USE THEREOF ", 651; PCT that on February 17th, 2010 submits to, that be entitled as " ELECTROLYTICCELL AND METHOD OF USE THEREOF " applies for No.PCT/US10/24497; U.S. Patent application No.12/707 that on February 17th, 2010 submits to, that be entitled as " APPARATUS AND METHODFOR CONTROLLING NUCLEATION DURING ELECTROLYSIS ", 653; PCT application No.PCT/US10/24498 that on February 17th, 2010 submits to, that be entitled as " APPARATUS ANDMETHOD FOR CONTROLLING NUCLEATION DURINGELECTROLYSIS "; U.S. Patent application No.12/707 that on February 17th, 2010 submits to, that be entitled as " APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR GAS CAPTURE DURINGELECTROLYSIS ", 656; PCT application No.PCT/US10/24499 that submit to on February 17th, 2010, that be entitled as " APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR CONTROLLINGNUCLEATION DURING ELECTROLYSIS ", the right of priority of the following application of the every a requirement of these applications and rights and interests: U.S. Provisional Patent Application No.61/153 that on February 17th, 2009 submits to, that be entitled as " FULL SPECTRUM ENERGY ", 253; U.S. Provisional Patent Application No.61/237 that on August 27th, 2009 submits to, that be entitled as " ELECTROLYZER ANDENERGY INDEPENDENCE TECHNOLOGIES ", 476; On February 13rd, 2010 submit to, be entitled as " FULL SPECTRUM ENERGYAND RESOURCE INDEPENDENCE " U.S. Provisional Application No.61/304,403.The every portion of these applications is included in herein by quoting in full.Conflict with the disclosure stated herein for aforementioned application and/or any other material be included in by reference herein, the disclosure in literary composition is top dog.

Technical field

Disclosure general guide is used for the target sample existence of detecting portion and/or the method, apparatus and system of attribute.

Background technology

Joint for connecting two objects, such as, such as pipe fitting and the equipment being conducive to being communicated with described pipe fitting fluid.An example of this equipment is valve.Joint also may be used for termination or plug open or hole.In addition, joint must keep sealing for leakage, meets the various design standardss about such as pressure, temperature and vibration simultaneously.

What may have advantage is to provide the early stage state-detection that may cause leakage or initial stage leak condition, and object specifies automatic anti-fault operation and/or preventive maintenance.

At present, the connection between joint may easily be leaked.Due to oxygenant, odorant, medicinal fluid, fuel, noxious material or other unhappy or undesirable substance escapings, leak and may cause dangerous situation.Leakage may cause the process appearance interruption of losing valuable material or relating to accurate and enough conveying predetermined substances.Except the O shape ring or pad that form sealing are between the knuckles degenerated, leaking may from the mechanical relaxation connected.A kind of common lax reason may be thermal cycle or the vibration of the system comprising joint.

Summary of the invention

Embodiment general guide of the present disclosure described in literary composition is for monitoring and/or detect the method, unit, system etc. of one or more attributes of target material sample.Embodiments more of the present disclosure, the result such as instructing attribute, the report of collecting enough target sample, the existence of target sample of detecting portion and/or evaluating objects sample to detect and/or analyze and remove target sample alternatively, to allow repetition or the extra sample of circulating collection.As following detailed explanation, can the sample size of Collection and analysis may be the very little or trickle part of target sample, comprise molecular level or the microcosmic part of such as target sample.According to one or more factors of the attribute of related ends sample existence or target sample, method, apparatus and system disclosed in literary composition can respond and detect and/or analyze the instruction providing suitably action or process.The system of networking as described herein and sensor array may be used for various suitable environment, comprise such as point to quality assurance, preventive maintenance, (comprise trend analysis) safely, warning against danger (comprising bolt down procedure), chemical identification and supervision, environmental monitoring and/or Homeland Security environment.

In certain embodiments, such as, system responses described in literary composition detects the position of target sample and undesirable sample and/or concentration or attribute, and performing to provide needs to safeguard or the instruction of other correct actions.In further embodiments, system described in literary composition can provide the control event of attribute about detecting or target sample existence.Such as, in one embodiment, system can prevent particular fluid (such as, medicine, fuel etc.) from disperseing, if this system comprises in the fluid of such as mistake at this fluid undesirable attribute or composition detected.As described in detail below, method of the present disclosure, equipment, system etc. utilize some diverse ways to detect and/or evaluating objects sample existence or attribute, and forward or otherwise provide the information about target sample existence or attribute being detected.Therefore, the disclosure points to various different application, comprises such as drug delivery; Fuel area density; Tire pressure regulates; Pressurization hydrogen supply and/or oxygen; For the security system of automobile and truck industry; For tracker that is international and internal transportation; For the security system of rock gas network; Storage tank and pipeline; Homeland Security, comprises warning against danger, wide area network sensor link array for airport, public building, hospital, public transportation system; Police's narco-traffic identification, military dangerous discernment, industrial pollutants EPA identify, discharge report, carbon credit tracking and report, food chain transport, medical transport and monitoring and measuring application etc.In addition, system and method described in literary composition provides adaptive management and control for one or more attributes of real-time and circulating collection, analysis and reporting objectives sample.

Accompanying drawing explanation

Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of system or the sensor configured according to embodiment of the present disclosure;

Fig. 2 A is the process flow diagram of the method configured according to embodiment of the present disclosure;

Fig. 2 B is according to embodiment configuration of the present disclosure and the process flow diagram of a part for the method illustrated in fig. 2;

Fig. 3 A is schematic molecular structure, and Fig. 3 B is the schematic diagram of the super imposed sheets of the molecular structure that the bed of material that the crystal matrix configured according to embodiment of the present disclosure characterizes is shown;

Fig. 3 C to 3E and 3G is side cross-sectional view, and Fig. 3 F is the view such as shaft section such as grade being configured with the counter structure structure of the parallel and isolated bed of material according to embodiment of the present disclosure;

Fig. 4 A to 4C is the schematic section side view of a part for the system configured according to embodiment of the present disclosure;

Fig. 5 A and 5B is the schematic side elevation of the system configured according to Additional examples of composition of the present disclosure;

Fig. 6 A is the schematic diagram of network or the system configured according to embodiment of the present disclosure;

Fig. 6 B and 6C is the process flow diagram of the method configured according to Additional examples of composition of the present disclosure;

Fig. 7 A is the side view connecting assembly configured according to embodiment of the present disclosure;

Fig. 7 B is substantially along the side cross-sectional view that the line 7B-7B of Fig. 7 A intercepts;

Fig. 7 C is the isometric views connecting assembly of Fig. 7 A;

Fig. 8 A is the side view connecting assembly according to another kind of embodiment configuration of the present disclosure;

Fig. 8 B is substantially along the side cross-sectional view that the line 8B-8B of Fig. 8 A intercepts;

Fig. 8 C is the enlarged detail of a part of Fig. 8 B;

Fig. 8 D is the isometric views connecting assembly of Fig. 8 A;

Fig. 9 A is the side cross-sectional, view of the assembly according to another kind of embodiment configuration of the present disclosure;

Fig. 9 B and 9C is the enlarged detail of a part of Fig. 9 A;

Fig. 9 D is the decomposition view of the assembly of Fig. 9 A;

Fig. 9 E is the side-looking partial section of the system configured according to embodiment of the present disclosure;

Fig. 9 F is the schematic diagram of the applied environment of the detecting device configured according to embodiment of the present disclosure;

Figure 10 is the schematic diagram of the fluid conduit system configured according to embodiment of the present disclosure;

Figure 11 is the schematic diagram of the Blast Furnace Top Gas Recovery Turbine Unit (TRT) configured according to embodiment of the present disclosure;

Figure 12 shows the another kind of environment of the sensor comprised according to another kind of embodiment of the present disclosure;

Figure 13 shows the electrolytic cell of the sensor comprised according to another kind of embodiment of the present disclosure.

Embodiment

The application comprises U.S. Provisional Patent Application No.60/626 that on November 9th, 2004 submits to, that be entitled as " MULTIFUEL STORAGE; METERING AND IGNITION SYSTEM " (procurator's document No.69545-8302US) by quoting in full, the subject content of 021.The application comprises the subject content of the every a U.S. Patent application that on August 16th, 1 submits to by quoting in full: be entitled as " COMPREHENSIVE COST MODELING OFAUTOGENOUS SYSTEMS AND PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTIONOF ENERGY, MATERIAL RESOURCES AND NUTRIENT REGIMES " (procurator's document No.69545-8506US); Be entitled as " ELECTROLYTIC CELL ANDMETHOD OF USE THEREOF " (procurator's document No.69545-8106US); Be entitled as " SUSTAINABLE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT THROUGHINTEGRATED PRODUCTION OF RENEWABLE ENERGY; MATERIALSRESOURCES, AND NUTRIENT REGIMES " (procurator's document No.69545-8501US); Be entitled as " SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR SUSTAINABLEECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT THROUGH INTEGRATED FULLSPECTRUM PRODUCTION OF RENEWABLE ENERGY " (procurator's document No.69545-8502US); Be entitled as " SUSTAINABLE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENTTHROUGH INTEGRATED FULL SPECTRUM PRODUCTION OFRENEWABLE MATERIAL RESOURCES " (procurator's document No.69545-8503US); Be entitled as " METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR INCREASING THEEFFICIENCY OF SUPPLEMENTED OCEAN THERMAL ENERGYCONVERSION (SOTEC) " (procurator's document No.69545-9601US); Be entitled as " GASHYDRATE CONVERSION SYSTEM FOR HARVESTINGHYDROCARBON HYDRATE DEPOSITS " (procurator's document No.69545-9701US); Be entitled as " APPARATUSES AND METHODS FOR STORINGAND/OR FILTERING A SUBSTANCE " (procurator's document No.69545-8046US); Be entitled as " ENERGY SYSTEM FOR DWELLING SUPPORT " (procurator's document No.69545-8504US); Be entitled as " ENERGY CONVERSION ASSEMBLIES ANDASSOCIATED METHODS OF USE AND MANUFACTURE " (procurator's document No.69545-9401US); And be entitled as " INTERNALLY REINFORCEDSTRUCTURAL COMPOSITES AND ASSOCIATED METHODS OFMANUFACTURING " (69545-9201US).

a. instruct for collecting, sensing, report and/or the method and system of target sample of removing part embodiment is summarized

This document describes the method for providing the information relating to target sample particular community and/or existence, unit, system and associated components.In certain embodiments, these method and systems provide and relate to target sample attribute, target sample state, target sample existence and/or " confidential informant " of other any suitable attributes relevant to target sample or feature or the feedback instruction of other types.Just as used herein, term target sample can comprise any material wishing or be intended to detect and/or analyze, and comprises the part of the microcosmic of material, molecular level or atom level.In addition, as used herein, term fluid is intended to the flowable materials describing any type, comprises such as liquid, gas, plasma etc.

In certain embodiments, method disclosed in literary composition, system and associated components provide the instruction of target existence and/or the particular community about target.In one embodiment, such as, system and method disclosed in literary composition can detect and provide target sample such as fluid from the instruction of the system leak of this fluid of conveying.More particularly, described method and system can comprise judgement leakage time of origin and provide fluid to leak the sensor or the indicator that indicate such as signal or alarm.In addition, as described in detail below, leak instruction (or detecting that target sample exists or other attributes) to provide in the stage very early or provide in leakage initial stage (such as, molecular level or atom level) level.In addition, the method and system described in literary composition can respond the request signal of orientation sensor or indicator and detect leakage.In this way, the embodiment described in literary composition can provide early detection for undesirable leakage or any other attribute relevant to target sample or state.

Therefore, be substituted in and do not have doubting people to wake up, there is no gravedo by chance and accidentally ask " rotten egg " taste and before obtaining alarm clearheadedly, odorant in rock gas or propane infiltrates in the air of residence, and present disclosure is by leak in the early stage or other detection-phases provide instruction or alarm to prevent this delay.In certain embodiments, described method and system can utilize the molecule of the relatively small amount of the target sample collected or otherwise such as such as accumulate through seal to judge that the initial stage is detected, and therefore causes alarm immediately and/or require to safeguard.In addition, according to the trend analyzed by collection rate and indicated by involved concrete comparative assessment chemically, urgency level and corresponding suitably response can be regulated.If systems axiol-ogy is to the enough large collection rate of amplitude, such as, system can provide requirement to safeguard immediately or the instruction of other action.But if systems axiol-ogy is to the collection rate lower than predetermined amplitude, then service system can provide the instruction that target sample existence or other attributes exist, but may not need to safeguard immediately.In addition, as what explain in detail referring to embodiment of the present disclosure, system can detect, analyze or some attributes of otherwise measurement target sample, thus judges the control event being used for target sample stream (such as, fluid stream).Such as, if systems axiol-ogy is to the impurity in fuel, or systems axiol-ogy is to the fluid type of mistake, then system can stop fuel flowing or alter flow.

Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of the system 100 configured according to embodiment of the present disclosure.As following detailed explanation, system 100 can be isolated sensor or detecting device, and described sensor or detecting device comprise the existence and/or attribute that are configured for one or more target samples of sensing and the multiple parts providing target sample to sense instruction or part.More particularly, system 100 comprises gatherer part 102 and sensing part 104.In certain embodiments, sensing part 106 can comprise detector portion 106 and analysis part 108.System 100 comprises communication or control section 110 and remover part 112 further.In certain embodiments, communication or control section 109 can comprise reporter part 110 and/or controller part 111.These parts of system 100 or parts schematically show in FIG.Although be shown as independent part, some or all in these parts can be merged into single part these Some illustrative.Such as, although remover part 112 is schematically illustrated as the separate part separated with gatherer part 102, but in certain embodiments, gatherer part 102 can be configured to the function performing remover part 112, or otherwise integrated with remover part 112, and/or partly integrated with other of system 100.Like this, although be schematically shown as independent parts or part, for any gatherer part 102 described in literary composition, sensing part 104, communication or the citation of control section 109 and/or remover part 112, the citation of any other appropriate section to system 100 and parts also can be comprised.In addition, these parts each can communicate with some or all in other appropriate sections of system 100, schematically show as in Fig. 1.Some features of the function of these parts of system 100 will be described with reference to Fig. 2 A and 2B below.In addition, the system 100 shown in Fig. 1 also can be called sensor or sensor of informing against in the text.

Equally just as described in detail below, the parts (such as gatherer part 102, Sensor section 104, communication or control section 109 and/or remover part 112) of system 100 are configured to a small amount of part of collecting, analyzing and otherwise use interested target sample.Such as, the part of the microcosmic of target sample, a small amount of, molecular scale or even atomic scale can be collected or accumulate to gatherer part 102 selectively.In addition, the target sample of microcosmic part is the part that target sample itself is relatively trickle.Therefore, do not need a large amount of target samples to judge existence or its attribute of target sample.In addition, Sensor section 104 can detect the existence of target sample, or otherwise the molecular moiety of automatic analysis target sample (namely, once gatherer part 102 have accumulated described part, then Sensor section 104 can make an immediate response this part existence and sense existence or the attribute of this part).Therefore, except having the ability of a small amount of sample of Collection and analysis, system 100 itself can as microscopic system or other smaller systems.In addition, communication or control section 109 can provide in real time, at once or other forms of instantaneous instruction, or sample collection and analysis report.Such as, reporter part 110 can send signal selectively or provide relevant target sample collect, detect and/or analyze other suitably indicate.In addition, controller part 111 can provide Adaptive Control to sample collection, analysis, report and/or removing, and provides other information according to these action, the instruction of the trend such as collected or analyze.Such as, controller part 111 can according to the trickle storage process of the target sample part being collected and analyzing or the instruction or the collection rate that otherwise provide collecting amount.In certain embodiments, controller 111 can comprise processor and/or storer, and described storer is for storing computer-readable instruction and for storing information (such as, the trend of sample collection, speed and/or the quantity about Collection and analysis; Sample type; Sample collection position etc.).Communications portion 109 can send information to telepilot and from its reception information, comprise and such as take concrete action in response to telepilot.In addition, communications portion 109 can comprise internal clocking or external clock, is used to indicate target sample sampling rate (such as, collect and/or remove).In addition, as described in detail below, system 100 may be used for or in the network that is arranged in similar system or matrix, described similar system can communicate with one another and communicate with central controller.

Fig. 2 A is the process flow diagram of process or the method 200 configured according to embodiment of the present disclosure.Method 200 can be implemented with reference to the one or more systems 100 described in Fig. 1, control or otherwise realize by above.With reference to Fig. 2 A, method 200 comprises the target sample (square 222) of collection part.As described in detail below, the target sample collecting described part can comprise the microcosmic part of collecting or accumulating target sample, the such as part of the molecular dimension of such as target sample.Just as described further below, the gatherer part 102 of Fig. 1 can utilize multiple technologies, comprises such as any following technology and/or application, collects target sample: for the custom-designed surface of molecular filtration; Refraction coefficient is utilized to carry out optical analysis, capillary action, thermal analysis, suction-operated, absorption, adhesion collection, hydrophobic and hydrophilic properties analysis, nanometer radio frequency modulation etc.What can be applied in these technology of the gatherer part 102 of Fig. 1 is several, and some representational environment, will be described in detail with reference to residue accompanying drawing below.

As shown in Figure 2 A, after the target sample that have collected described part, method 200 comprises one or more attributes (square 224) of sensed object sample further.The sensing of method 220 can be implemented by the sensing part 104 of the system 100 of Fig. 1, and this sensing part comprises detector portion 106 and analyzer part 108.Such as, and as show method 200 shown in Fig. 2 A a part Fig. 2 B shown in, the sensing step (square 224) of method 220 can comprise the sub-step or sub-process that detect one or more attributes (square 225) of target sample and one or more attributes (square 227) of evaluating objects sample alternatively.In certain embodiments, detect the existence of the sample be collected or detect the abundant target sample of accumulation volume, enough meeting the object of sensing target sample.But, in some other embodiment, may wish or there is advantage, analyzing the target sample of described part for specific object or indicator.In addition, the step sensing one or more attributes of sample may only need on a small quantity or the target sample of the part of molecular dimension.In further embodiments, the sensing step (square 224) of method 220 may depend on target sample (such as, at the square 222) mechanism used or method of collecting described part.In addition, sensing can comprise the comparative assessment of the specified chemical of trend or the target sample analyzed indicated by target sample collection rate.Below describe in detail and be used for sensing (such as, detect and/or analyze) the suitable parts of target sample and some embodiments of configuration.

Method 220 comprises the detection of the target sample reporting described part and/or the instruction (square 226) of analysis further.The reporting step of method 220 can be implemented by the reporter part 110 of the system of Fig. 1.In certain embodiments, report can comprise to controller or the transmission of another similar system or transmit (such as, via wired or wireless media), the analysis result of the existence of target sample that instruction is detected or one or more attributes of target sample.In some other embodiment, signal can comprise the instruction in response to the suitable action sensing target sample.Such as, signal can comprise the information about the preventive maintenance or security relating to target sample, and relates to the information of the position of target sample, quantity, concentration or other attributes.In addition, report signal can send immediately along with sensed object sample or otherwise send in real time, or report signal can store and launch subsequently.Detailed description is used for the suitable parts of the detection of reporting objectives sample or the instruction of analysis and some embodiments of configuration below.

Method 220 can comprise the target sample (square 228) that removing is collected at least partially further alternatively.Removing can be implemented by the remover part 112 of the system 100 of Fig. 1.In certain embodiments, the target sample part be collected can be eliminated or eliminate, to allow to collect new target sample part in addition.But in further embodiments, target sample can not be removed.Below detailed description is used for removing the suitable parts of target sample and some embodiments of mechanism.In addition, according to embodiment of the present disclosure, all or part of step of the method 220 shown in Fig. 2 A and 2B can be cycled to repeat, as shown in arrow 229, for collecting continuously or automatically, analyze, report and/or removing.As following, embodiment of the present disclosure comprises the specific characteristic allowing Collection and analysis microscopic targets sample for real-time report and Adaptive Control.

b. may be used for the reality of the structure structure of the gatherer of system, sensor, reporter and/or remover execute example and feature

As above referring to figs. 1 through described in 2B, gatherer part 102 is configured to gather, accumulation, attract or the target sample of otherwise collection part.According to embodiments more of the present disclosure, gatherer part 102 can utilize structure disclosed in U.S. Patent application that simultaneously submit to, that be entitled as " ARCHITECTURALCONSTRUCT HAVING FOR EXAMPLE A PLURALITY OFARCHITECTURAL CRYSTALS " (procurator's document No.69545.8701.US00) to construct at least in part and realize.Such as, structure structure can be characterized by the composite matrix of crystal and form, this matrix characterize can specialized designs for realize wishing (1) thermal properties, (2) electromagnetism, optics and acoustic properties, (3) catalytic properties, (4) capillary attribute and (5) adsorptive properties.Structure structure can be designed to such as collect predetermined target sample for specific application and adopt these attributes some or all.Its composition is depended in the behavior of this structure structure, the surface structure be positioned on its bed of material, its surface orientation, its adulterant and apply coating (comprising catalyzer) in its surface.When it is configured to the bed of material, its behavior also depends on distance piece between its thickness of feed layer, its bed of material, separate the distance of its bed of material and be used for supporting its bed of material and/or separate the device of its bed of material.Structure structure is the macrostructure being designed to be convenient to the process of nanoscale microcosmic.From the angle of macroscopic view, it can be configured to have specific density, elastic modulus and/or section modulus.And it can be designed to the angle from microcosmic, it can be used as molecular processor, electric charge processor and/or biological processor.

The gatherer part 102 be made up of the structure for collecting a part of target sample at least in part can be configured in many ways.Such as, deviser can be arranged to solid block (such as, be arranged to the bed of material of multiple monoatomic thickness stacked on top of each other), be arranged to multiple isolated bed of material, these bed of materials are thin as an atom respectively, or are arranged to other structures representing the attribute of expectation by it.Deviser also can utilize material to adulterate described structure structure or apply its surface, and doping and coating cause its behavior to be different from originally due mode respectively.Schematically, Fig. 3 A is the molecular schematic diagram of the bed of material 330a of the crystal matrix sign of structure structure.Bed of material 330a can comprise carbon, boron nitride or another kind of suitably material.Such as, crystal matrix characterizes 100 can be graphene layer.Be similar to crystal matrix shown in Figure 1A to characterize the bed of material and can be configured to structure structure by the described bed of material of customization, such as adulterate the described bed of material or this bed of material and other bed of materials are arranged to specific structure so that the structure produced represents specific attribute.The bed of material 330a that the crystal matrix forming structure structure characterizes can be configured to stack together and form the thicker bed of material (such as, Graphene stacked formation graphite) of ratio 1 atom and/or the specific distance that is spaced apart from each other.In addition, the bed of material of structure structure can relative to each other orientation in different ways.

Fig. 3 B is the schematic Molecular Graphs (the first bed of material 330a is shown in broken lines in figure 3b) of the structure structure comprising the second bed of material 330b that the crystal matrix on the first bed of material 330a of the crystal matrix sign being stacked in Fig. 3 A characterizes.Associating is with reference to Fig. 3 A and 3B, and the bed of material is made up of Graphene, and Graphene is the smooth carbon plate of atomic thickness.In some embodiments, except carbon, the sheet material that the crystal matrix of monoatomic thickness characterizes also is made up of another kind of material, such as boron nitride.In a further embodiment, structure structure can be configured to solid block.Solid block structure structure can be made up of such as graphite or boron nitride.The structure structure being configured to solid block comprises the bed of material of the multiple monoatomic thickness stacked together.Be configured to the structure structure of solid block by custom-made, namely it is changed and has specific behavior or play predetermined function meaning.In some embodiments, by doping or by by the bed of material of its monoatomic thickness relative to each other in a specific way orientation customize solid block.

In some embodiments, time first and second bed of materials of structure structure are configured to from top view, the atom of first bed of material and the atoms perpendicular alignment of second bed of material.Such as, the molecule of the structure structure be made up of two bed of materials alignd in this way, when from top view, will look like the first bed of material 330a of the structure structure of Fig. 3 A.In further embodiments, first bed of material can rotate 30 degree relative to second bed of material.In some embodiments, first bed of material of structure structure comprises the first material, such as carbon, and second bed of material of structure structure comprises the second material, such as boron nitride.The bed of material be made up of different material or adulterate may seem uneven, because larger molecule makes flat surfaces warpage.Be described in further detail as following, some attributes of structure structure are subject to the impact of its bed of material orientation relative to each other.Such as, deviser can rotate or first bed of material of offset configuration relative to second bed of material of structure, to make this structure represent specific optical properties, comprises specific grating.In addition, by molecule being moved to the thermal treatment of specific orientation, or by the crystal moment of torsion in stripping process, apply when the bed of material deposits to follow the tracks of crystal modification agent, such as neon, argon or helium, the bed of material of structure structure relative to each other can be oriented in certain position (that is, as the above skew with reference to Figure 1A-C discussion and/or rotation).

The structure structure configured according to embodiment of the present disclosure can be made up of one matter (such as, Graphene, boron nitride etc.), or it can by adulterate other materials or with other substance reactions and customizing.Such as, the structure structure be made up of Graphene can have the region of reacting with boron, thus forms stoichiometric and non-stoichiometric subset.Graphene can utilize nitrogen to customize, and can be made up of the Graphene and boron nitride Graphene with nitrogen interface.In certain embodiments, construction compound on the basis that can construct in this structure.Such as, from boron nitride interface, deviser can construct magnalium boron compound.By customizing structure structure in such ways, than the structure be only made up of a kind of material, deviser can create a kind of structure representing different attribute.

The structure structure comprising the parallel bed of material be spaced apart from each other can produce attribute and realize many effects widely.Such as, Fig. 3 C is the side cross-sectional view of the structure structure 330c being configured to the bed of material 331 that parallel interval is opened, and this structure can be made up of the material of any amount, such as Graphene, graphite or boron nitride.The parallel bed of material 331 can be rectangle, circle or other suitable shapes.In fig. 3 c, the bed of material 331 comprises opening or hole, by described opening or hole, and stay pipe 332 support structure configuration 330c.The bed of material 331 difference D separated by a distance, produces region 333 between the bed of material 331.The single bed of material 331 of structure structure 330c can be made into has any suitable thickness.In fig. 3 c, such as, each parallel bed of material 331 can be monoatomic thickness.Such as, each bed of material can be graphene sheet.In some embodiments, the bed of material of structure structure is thicker than an atom.In other embodiments, the bed of material 331 can have different-thickness, and spaced apart different distance.

Such as, Fig. 3 D is the side cross-sectional view of the structure structure 330d with thickness or the different multiple bed of materials 331 of width.In certain embodiments, the bed of material 331 is thicker than an atom respectively.But in further embodiments, some bed of materials 331 only can have the thickness of several atoms, and other bed of materials 331 can be thicker, more than such as 20 atoms.More particularly, the bed of material 331 can comprise first group of 332a of the relatively thin bed of material 331, and second group of 332b of relatively deep bed sintering 331.According to the additional features of illustrated embodiment, the bed of material 331 of first group of 332a can comprise the first distance D between the adjacent bed of material 331 ₁, the first distance D ₁second distance D between the adjacent bed of material 331 being greater than second group of 332b ₂.These spacing distances correspondingly produce region 333 between the adjacent bed of material 331.Fig. 3 E is the side cross-sectional view with the thickness roughly the same but structure of multiple bed of materials 331 of the different distance that is spaced apart from each other structure 330e.Such as, can be spaced apart from each other the first distance D1, the first distance D1 of the bed of material 331 of first group of 332a is less than the second distance D2 of the corresponding bed of material 331 of spaced apart second group of 332b.Fig. 3 E also show the region 333 between the adjacent bed of material 331.Region 333, according to the spacing distance determination size between the bed of material 331, therefore such as creates than region 222 larger in first group of 332a in second group of 332b.

The axle partial views such as the cross section of the structure structure that the concentric tube-shaped bed of material 331 that Fig. 3 F is characterized by crystal matrix is formed.Such as, first bed of material 331a of structure structure 330f is tubulose, and has the diameter being greater than adjacent second bed of material 331b.Structure structure 350f can comprise isolated multiple concentric bed of material in this way.

Next forward Fig. 3 G to, Fig. 3 G is the lateral section partial side view of the structure structure 330g of the some distance pieces 334 illustrated between the adjacent bed of material 331.In certain embodiments, distance piece can by the formation such as titanium (such as, forming the titanium carbide with the Graphene bed of material), iron (such as, forming the cementite with the Graphene bed of material), boron, nitrogen.In order to form the structure shown in Fig. 3 G, in some embodiments, dehydrogenation is carried out to gas in the surface of each bed of material 331, thus produce distance piece 334, wherein each molecule is dehydrogenated.Such as, after the bed of material 331 of structure structure 330g peels off, can heat methane on the surface of the bed of material 331, this will cause methane molecule to divide and at the deposited on silicon carbon atom of the bed of material 331.The molecule be dehydrogenated is larger, then the interval produced or distance piece 334 larger.Such as, each molecule has the propane of 3 carbon atoms, and the methane than each molecule with 1 carbon atom is produced larger distance piece 334.In some embodiments, distance piece 334 is surface structures, such as nanotube and nanometer roll, and material is loaded in structure structure 330g by this surface structure transferring heat and being conducive to.The structure comprising such surface structure is configured in U.S. Patent application No.12/857, and describe in 515, this patented claim is included in herein by quoting in full.

The structure structure comprising above-mentioned arbitrary structures can adopt form in various manners, as submit at the same time, the U.S. Patent application that is entitled as " ARCHITECTURAL CONSTRUCT HAVING FOR EXAMPLE APLURALITY OF ARCHITECTURAL CRYSTALS " (procurator's document No.69545.8701.US00) and U.S. Patent No. 6,503,584 and No.12/857 Pending U.S. Patent Application, describe in detail in 515, these patent documents are included in herein by quoting in full.These methods can comprise such as by framework to gas (such as, hydrocarbon) dehydrogenation forms first bed of material, and before gas dehydration being formed second bed of material on distance piece or surface structure, to material (such as, titanium carbide) dehydrogenation and form distance piece on the inner surface of this bed of material, form the bed of material or structure structure thus.Then the depositing subsequent bed of material in a similar manner.Additive method can comprise and monocrystal is processed into intended shape and monocrystal is peeled off into the bed of material.Other schemes can comprise and to be diffused into by fluid (such as hydrogen) in crystal and to peel off the bed of material from this crystal.These bed of materials can leave preset distance from the adjacent bed of material and peel off.In addition, distance piece or surface structure also can be deposited between the bed of material.

Disclosed in literary composition and submit to simultaneously and by quote in full be included in herein, some features of being entitled as the structure of structure disclosed in " ARCHITECTURAL CONSTRUCT HAVING FOR EXAMPLE APLURALITY OF ARCHITECTURAL CRYSTALS " (procurator's document No.69545.8701.US00) U.S. Patent application can design, particularly to realize above with reference to the collection of the system 100 described in Fig. 1, sensing, report and/or to remove feature.Such as, structure structure can be designed to make it have specific density, elastic modulus and section modulus.These macrofeatures affect structure and are configured in the attribute that microcosmic point shows.More particularly, the density of structure structure is defined as the quality of per unit volume, and density may be subject to the impact of many different parameters.A parameter is the composition that crystal matrix characterizes.Such as, the general density of boron nitride crystal is higher than graphite crystal.Another parameter is the distance of the bed of material of separation structure structure.Increase or reduce the density that interval will correspondingly increase or reduction structure constructs between the bed of material.In the embodiment that its bed of material is separated by distance piece, but the density of structure structure is also separated being greater than the bed of material embodiment not using distance piece similarly.The adulterant added in structure structure also will affect density (such as, dopant content is higher, then corresponding density is larger).

Can the another kind of attribute of structure structure of specific design be elastic modulus, elastic modulus be, when it is subject to acting force, the trend (such as, being defined as the slope of the stress-strain curve in its elastic deformation area) of elastic deformation occurs.Be similar to its density, the elastic modulus of structure structure partly depends on its thickness of feed layer, their interval and their composition.Its elastic modulus also will depend on how the bed of material is relative to each other fixed.Such as, if the bed of material by pipe core or support member support, then the amount of the general elastic deformation of the single bed of material is greater than the situation that they relative to each other utilize distance piece fixing.When two bed of materials are relative to each other fixed by distance piece, when pressure is applied to arbitrary bed of material, each bed of material will strengthen another corresponding bed of material, thus the deflection caused by given acting force that decays.The amount that each bed of material strengthens each other partly depends on that the rigidity that the bed of material keeps together by the closeness of distance piece between the bed of material and distance piece has much.

Can the additional attribute of structure structure of specific design be section modulus, section modulus be the intensity of structure structure or the second area square in the cross section ratio of distance relative to limited compression fiber distance neutral axis.The section modulus of structure structure will depend on the size and dimension of each bed of material that structure constructs.The density that structure constructs, elastic modulus and section modulus, and other macroscopic properties, can be constant in the textural maintenance of total, or they can change according to section or periodically.Structure can be affected and construct as the density of structure structure, elastic modulus or section modulus the attribute represented, structure can be caused to be configured in different piece or the section performance difference of structure according to section or these macrofeatures of periodic variation.Such as, the bed of material separation amount constructed by allowing structure is greater than the second section (thus giving it at the second section than in the larger density of the first section) at the first section, structure structure can tend to making first section load, collect or otherwise accumulate the first material, and second section load, collect or otherwise accumulate the second material.

c. the embodiment of the gatherer part of system and feature

Just as described above with reference to Figure 1, the gatherer part 102 of system 100 is configured to load, the target sample (such as, microcosmic or molecular moiety) of accumulation or otherwise collection part.Gatherer part 102 can be made up of structure described above in detail at least in part.Describe in further detail as following, gatherer part 102 can collect mark part target sample by various mechanism and/or method.

1. about the feature of compression and decompression gatherer part

In certain embodiments, gatherer part 102 can be configured to selective surface, and this selective surface can load or the intended target sample of accumulating section selectively.More particularly, in certain embodiments, wherein gatherer part constructs with the structure of multiple isolated bed of material, then these bed of materials can be configured to be loaded into by target substance in the region between the bed of material.When on the surface that target substance absorbs the bed of material or in the region absorbing between the bed of material time, the molecule of target substance is loaded between the parallel bed of material.Such as, refer back to Fig. 3 C, the material molecule of existence can be loaded into the inside circumference of the bed of material 331 by structure structure 300c by stay pipe 332, enter region 333.Such as, target substance can be fed to region 333 by the eyelet in stay pipe 332 by stay pipe 332.

In certain embodiments, structure structure is configured to load specific molecule or different kinds of molecules selectively, and avoids other non-targeted material molecules (such as, load first object molecule and suppress loading second non-targeted molecule).Such as, first group of bed of material can be configured to allow them leave specific distance, is conducive to optionally loading the first molecule but not the second molecule.Similarly, second group of bed of material can be configured to allow them leave specific distance, is conducive to loading the 3rd molecule but not the second molecule.Whether the surface tension of bed of material edge also affects molecule and is loaded in structure structure.Such as, if first group of bed of material has been loaded with the molecule of the first material, the surface tension being then loaded with the inside edge place of first group of material molecule may stop first group of bed of material to load the molecule of the second material, but allows first group of bed of material to continue the molecule of loading first material.

In some embodiments, structure structure is configured to non-sacrificial.Such as, non-sacrificial structure can compression and decompression material, or performs other tasks and can not sacrifice its any structure.In other embodiments, structure structure is configured to sacrifice atom to be conducive to specific result from its crystal structure.Such as, the structure structure be made up of boron nitride can be configured to load the target sample expected, and boron nitride can react with this target sample.Therefore, the atom from this structure sacrifices in the reaction of boron nitride and target sample, and when from this structure unloading product, this structure structure will lose the boron nitride molecule be sacrificed.In some embodiments, the structure sacrificing its structure can be resumed at least in part.Such as, the structure structure be made up of boron nitride can by providing new boron nitride molecule for this structure and applying heat and recover.New boron nitride molecule can organize themselves into the original-shape of this structure structure.

Therefore, embodiment disclosed herein can collect the special component of target sample selectively, the target sample composition being collected to utilize chromatographic principles analysis or separating.

2. the feature of the thermal properties of relative effect gatherer part

One of them factor whether or how impact is configured to the gatherer part target substance of loading section of structure structure comprises the thermal properties of gatherer part.In some embodiments, heat passes by the region that structure structure is configured to from being loaded with molecule.When structure structure is cooled, it can load molecule quickly, or it can load more molecule than during high heat.Similarly, can by carrying out unloading structure structure to structure structure transmission heat.In a further embodiment, how much the heat being absorbed, reflect or isolate can be attribute from target sample " collection " and for further analysis.The further details of the thermal properties and ability that are configured to the gatherer part of the system of structure structure has been described in detail for collection heat energy and/or radiation energy below.

In certain embodiments, structure structure can be configured to collect heat or energy, and heat or energy may be used for one or more attributes judging target sample later.Such as, structure structure can be configured to have the specific thermal properties affecting heat transfer and absorption.Even if when the easy heat conduction of its crystal bed of material, structure structure also can be configured to have the availability for that conductively transmit heat or high or low.Passage during it also can allow radiations heat energy pass through to construct with configuring or other local to transmit, reflect away from this structure, or absorbed by this structure.This section describes the various implementations of the structure structure being designed to have specific thermal behavior.Some crystalline solids, such as Graphene, graphite and boron nitride, easy heat conduction.In some applications, the structure structure be made up of one of these materials is configured to transmit heat between the two positions, or from/to ad-hoc location transmission heat.In other application, structure structure is configured to heat can is effectively transferred in this structure as required or leave this structure.The structure structure be made up of the material of similar Graphene can Fast Heating or cooling.Even if having the density far below metal, structure structure also can transmit more substantial per unit area heat than solid-state silver, raw graphite, copper or aluminium.

The Graphene bed of material of an atomic thickness seems to have more open space between restriction carbon atom.But the direction in atomic plane has high thermal conductivity and electric conductivity to Graphene, but irradiate in its white light and only have about 2.3% to be absorbed.Similarly, in the heat energy spectrum of atom site orthogonal radiation, about 2% to 5% is absorbed, and the radiation heat ray being parallel to the structure structure bed of material separately can be projected, and decay is even less.The clean light quantity that structure structure absorbs partly depends on continuous bed of material orientation relative to each other.The change of the bed of material orientation of structure structure, as mentioned above, can allow various application newly become possibility.Such as, radiation energy can via having more absorbefacient orientation, all orientations as shown in Figure 3 B, and be transported to following position, surface.As another kind of example, radiation can be polarized via other suitable orientations, and can change these orientations further by this bed of material being offset certain amount on the direction of bed of material plane, such as described in Fig. 3 A and 3B.

In certain embodiments, constructed by configuration structure, make it have the high density thermally conductive pathways of the particular cross section by this structure, structure structure can be arranged to the high availability had for conductively transmitting heat.By arrangement, make it have by this structure to the low-density thermally conductive pathways of uniform section, structure structure can be arranged to the low availability had for conductively transmitting heat.Such as, in such embodiments, namely first group of bed of material of structure structure is atomic thickness and spaced first distance, and second group of bed of material is atomic thickness and spaced ratio first apart from large second distance, first group of bed of material has the more highdensity passage of heat (supposing that bed of material group crosses over approximately identical distance) in the span than second group of bed of material.Therefore, first group of bed of material can have more high availability for conductively transmitting heat than second group of bed of material.Can also draw, to by the object of locating or target sample adiabatic in, do better than first group for second group.In addition, in some embodiments, structure structure can be configured to the parallel bed of material, and these parallel bed of materials are arranged to not orthogonal with it surface adiabatic.Such as, by the edge offset of the continuous bed of material specifically being measured, to make the described bed of material when placing against flat surfaces and this surface forms miter angle, thus structure structure can be configured to make its bed of material contact flat surfaces with 45 degree.In some embodiments, by being configured to have the thicker bed of material, structure structure is arranged to the more high availability had for conductively transmitting heat.

Structure structure can be configured to collect or built-up radiation energy further.The structure structure configured according to embodiment of the present disclosure can be arranged to reflection, refraction or otherwise convert radiation energy.Therefore, structure structure can be configured to interact with radiations heat energy in a particular manner.In some embodiments, structure structure is configured to transmit radiations heat energy by the passage in this structure.The transmission of radiations heat energy can be carried out with the light velocity.Such as, the interval between the bed of material can be specific range, and the single bed of material can be configured to specific thicknesses, enters and by the region transmission between the bed of material to make the infrared energy being parallel to bed of material incidence.More particularly, these Distance geometry thickness can be configured to the radiation energy of collection or transmission specific wavelength.Such as, in order to the radiation energy of transmission characteristic frequency, structure structure can be formed by according to the isolated boron nitride bed of material of quantum mechanics relation.Similarly, as previously mentioned, structure structure also can be configured to absorbed radiation energy particularly.Such as, the bed of material in first group of bed of material can spaced apart specific range, is made up of, and has specific thickness specific material, is absorbed by this bed of material to make infrared energy incident at least partially.As quantum electrodynamics determined, the opacity of each single bed of material or the suspension bed of material is 2.3% of orthogonal radiation.The opacity of one group of bed of material depends on the interaction of relativistic electron and the selection of distance piece, such as surface structure in their interval, the orientation of the bed of material of structure structure and the bed of material.

The collection part be made up of structure also can be arranged to object to comprise radiation heat shielding or thermal insulation for radiation energy.In some embodiments, or or Radiation transport can be left object by the passage transmitted radiation around object by reflected radiation, structure structure is adiabatic for radiation heat by object.In addition, the thermal properties of structure structure can change by increasing coating or this structure that adulterates to the surface of this structure.Such as, structure structure 400 can carry out when its self-organization adulterating or generally being increased by diffusion or implanted ions its thermal conductivity or increase thermal conductivity in specific region or direction.It can utilize metal such as aluminium, silver, gold or copper to apply, thus reflects more radiation heat than situation originally.

3. the feature of the acoustics of relative effect gatherer part, electromagnetism and optical properties

The extra factor of target substance whether and how the gatherer part that impact is configured to structure structure collects part comprises the acoustics of gatherer part, electromagnetism and optical properties.In certain embodiments, such as, structure structure can be made into response acoustic energy and represent specific attribute.Such as, they can be configured in specific frequency generation acoustics and/or electromagnetic resonance.They can also be configured with specific refraction coefficient, and they can be designed to the frequency offseting incident electromagnetic wave.By structure being arranged to there is specific structure, comprising specific density, elastic modulus and section modulus, these attributes can be controlled.As mentioned above, these parameters can be constructed by change structure composition, its processing mode and its design proposal regulate.In addition, the bed of material of structure structure can be made up of graphite, thus interval between having by the bed of material and/or by increasing the refraction coefficient that the material being adsorbed and/or absorb carries out regulating in interval.In addition, in some embodiments, adulterant adds structure structure to, to change its refraction coefficient.Such as, the structure structure be made up of boron nitride can utilize N doping to increase its refraction coefficient.

The acoustic resonant frequencies of structure structure changes along with multiple factor.Fine and close structure structure than not too fine and close and other situations are identical structure structure, at lower frequency generating resonant.Therefore, when structure structure is configured to the parallel bed of material, the thicker bed of material is had higher resonance frequency by the thinner bed of material.In addition, the stackingly not too fine and close bed of material (such as, the spacing of the bed of material is larger) also has higher resonance frequency by than stacking the more fine and close bed of material.The structure structure firmly supported at edge constructs than the structure in central supported, by lower frequency generating resonant.In addition, elastic modulus high structure structure the structure lower than elastic modulus is configured in higher frequency resonance, and section modulus high structure structure the structure lower than section modulus is configured in lower frequency resonance.In addition, the resonance frequency of any bed of material can reduce more greatly by bed of material diameter is made ground.In certain embodiments, whole bed of materials of structure structure are designed in identical frequency resonance, but in further embodiments, part-structure structure is by different frequency resonances.The resonance frequency of structure structure also depends on its composition.In addition, in certain embodiments, it is textural that adulterant and/or coating can add structure to, to improve or to reduce its acoustic resonant frequencies.The resonance frequency of structure structure also can by increasing distance piece and reducing between the bed of material.

In certain embodiments, structure structure can also be configured in specific frequency generation electromagnetic resonance.Such as, its density, elastic modulus and section modulus can be selected to each bed of material, to make the electromagnetic force of this structure or each bed of material response applying, there is specific resonance frequency.Structure structure can also be configured to the radiation energy absorbing specific wavelength.

In certain embodiments, when electric charge is applied to structure structure, structure structure is configured to load molecule with speed faster or with higher density.Such as, Graphene, graphite and boron nitride are conductions.When electric charge is applied to its bed of material, the structure structure be made up of these materials can be configured to load molecule with higher speed.For heat or cooling structure structure and for apply electric charge embodiment at U.S. Patent application No.12/857, open in 515, this patented claim is included in herein by quoting in full.In certain embodiments, structure structure is configured to when radiation energy leads this structure, loads and carries or unloading material.Such as, the distance between each parallel bed of material can selectively allow structure construct absorption infrared waves, causes the bed of material to be heated and unloads its material loaded.In addition, in certain embodiments, catalyzer can be applied to the outer ledge of the bed of material, to be conducive to being loaded into by material in the region between the bed of material.

In addition, in certain embodiments, the bed of material of structure structure is spaced apart, to make incoming electromagnetic wave polarization.And as mentioned above, structure structure can be configured to object adiabatic for radiation.In certain embodiments, structure structure is adiabatic for radiation by object by reflected radiation energy.Such as, structure structure can be configured to be placed on the object on structure structure right side for the radiation thermal insulation on the left of this structure.Such as, each bed of material can be made up of boron nitride, and spaced apart with the electromagnetic radiation of reflecting in specified wavelength.

4. the selective surface of relative effect gatherer part and the feature of wavelength shift attribute

The extra factor of target substance whether and how the gatherer part that impact is configured to structure structure collects part comprises selective surface and the wavelength shift attribute of gatherer part.In certain embodiments, such as, the gatherer part being configured to structure structure can comprise such surface, described surface by (1) allow a part of radiation with selected orientation and/or wavelength by with (2) again radiation be in the part energy of different wave length, thus be positioned to and/or be configured to improve radiation and enter gatherer part or other desired region.Permitted multifactor impact structure structure and whether absorbed the radiation energy being in specific wavelength.Such as, structure structure absorb the ability being in the radiation energy of specific wavelength depend on thickness of feed layer, they interval, they composition, their adulterant, their coating and/or the distance piece that is positioned between the bed of material.In certain embodiments, structure structure is configured to transmission and is in the radiation energy of first wave length and absorbs and radiation wavelength is different from the energy of received radiation energy again.Such as, structure structure can be configured to allow the bed of material be parallel to some but not be whole incident radiation energy.The parallel bed of material can be configured to by this structure transmissive parallel in the radiation energy of the bed of material, and absorbs nonparallel radiation.In certain embodiments, radiant matter (such as, silit, silicon boride, boron monoxide etc.) is coated on the surface of structure structure again, such as by constructing with structure described in described surge.Then, when non-parallel radioactive exposure structure structure, radiant matter absorbs non-parallel radiation and radiation wavelength is different from the energy of the energy of reception again again.

Structure structure can also be configured to have specific refraction coefficient (that is, be in particular range or have the refraction coefficient of exact value).In numerous variable, the refraction coefficient of structure structure is the function of the distance of layer content (such as, boron nitride, graphite etc.), thickness of feed layer, adulterant, distance piece and the separation bed of material.Such as, the Distance geometry thickness of feed layer between the parallel bed of material, can select, and has specific refraction coefficient to make the parallel bed of material.In addition, in certain embodiments, adulterant adds structure structure to change its refraction coefficient.Such as, the structure structure be made up of boron nitride can utilize N doping, to increase its refraction coefficient.When material is loaded into structure structure, the refraction coefficient of structure structure may change.Such as, the structure be present in vacuum constructs than when being loaded into this structure when hydrogen and being expressed as the kapillary between epitaxial loayer and/or epitaxial loayer, can have different refraction coefficients.In certain embodiments, the refraction coefficient of the Part I of structure structure is different from the refraction coefficient of the Part II of this structure structure.Such as, first group of parallel bed of material can have the refraction coefficient being different from second group of bed of material, because first group of bed of material is thinner, and spaced apart with larger distance than the bed of material in second group of bed of material.

Fig. 4 A-4C shows and is configured to structure structure with some attributes of transmission selectively, absorption and/or the gatherer part of the energy of radiation different wave length again.Fig. 4 A is such as the schematic diagram of a part of system 440a, and system 440a comprises the gatherer part with main body 442, and described main body is configured to the structure structure with radiation energy transmission section 444.Transmission section 444 comprises multiple isolated bed of material 446, any attribute disclosed in the bed of material that the parallel interval that the described bed of material can comprise reference structure structure in literary composition is opened.In the illustrated embodiment, radiation energy that indicated by arrow 448, that be generally parallel to the bed of material 446 transmission can be transmitted or otherwise be allowed to through main body 442.Through the radiation energy of the bed of material 446 indicated by arrow 450.Main body 442 can absorb not by the radiation energy (such as, relative to the nonparallel radiation energy 448 of the bed of material 446) of the bed of material 446 transmission.

According to the additional features of illustrated embodiment, the single bed of material 446 can comprise coating 447 (such as, silit, silicon boride, boron monoxide, phosphor, fluorescent substance etc.) for radiation again through the energy of transmission section 444.Such as, enter transmission section and can be reflected from the radiation energy 448 that coating 447 reflects or be displaced to the wavelength being different from the radiation energy entered.Such as, through transmission section and the radiation energy with different or reformed wavelength indicated by arrow 452.Therefore, allowed by (1) and there is selected orientation (such as, represented by the arrow 450 leaving main body 442) a part of radiation 448 by with (2) again radiation be in the Part II radiation of different wave length (such as, represented by the arrow 452 leaving main body 442), shown in Fig. 4 A and embodiment as above improves radiation through main body 442.

Fig. 4 B is the schematic diagram of a part of system 440b, and described system comprises the gatherer part with main body 442, and described main body is configured to the structure structure with radiation energy reflection and sorbent surface 449.Surface 449 can be configured to the radiation energy 448 that absorption is in specific orientation (such as, roughly crossing surface 449) and/or wavelength, and reflection is with the radiation energy 448 indicated by the reflection energy at arrow 452 place.In certain embodiments, surface 449 can comprise coating (such as, silit, silicon boride, boron monoxide, phosphor, fluorescent substance etc.) for emittance 452 again.Such as, coating 447 can be configured to again the energy 452 that radiation wavelength is different from the wavelength incided on surface 449.Therefore, Fig. 4 B illustrated embodiment energy (1) radiation-absorbing (such as, be in the radiation of predetermined orientation and/or wavelength), and the Part II radiation (arrow 452 such as, as left main body 442 is represented) of (2) radiation different wave length again.

Fig. 4 C is the schematic diagram of a part of system 440c, and this system comprises the gatherer part with main body 442, and described main body is configured to have the structure structure of conduction and radiation properties again.Such as, main body 444 can be made with at least part of conductive material (such as, copper, beryllia etc.) and comprise the first surface 453 relative with second surface 449.The radiation energy of first surface 453 in the face of being represented by arrow 448.Main body 444 configures ground can conduct radiation energy 448.When energy 448 arrives the second side 449, the second side 449 can deviate from the second side 449 emitted radiation again.In certain embodiments, second surface 449 can comprise the coating 447 of the energy of radiation different wave length again.Such as, the energy of the radiation again represented by arrow 452 can be launched or radiation again again by the second wave length of the wavelength to be different from radiation energy 448.

Above with reference to the wavelength shift described in Fig. 4 A-4C and absorption, transmission, reflection and/or again radiation feature can comprise submit to simultaneously and be included in by quoting in full herein, be entitled as any characteristic sum parts described in the U.S. Patent application of " CHEMICAL REACTORS WITH RE-RADIATING SURFACES ANDASSOCIATED SYSTEMS AND METHODS " (procurator's document No.69545.8603.US00).

As will be described in detail below, absorbed, be transmitted, reflected, conducted and/or be may be used for judging that target sample (namely by the energy of radiation again, radiation energy) existence and/or one or more attributes of related ends sample (that is, radiation energy) or feature.Such as, in certain embodiments, radiation energy can be the visible ray of the first color from target sample transmitting, and the energy of radiation again can be the visible ray being different from the second color of the first color representing target sample existence and/or attribute.In addition, be transmitted, absorbed, reflected and/or can be able to be to be eliminated or otherwise from the composition that target sample separates by the partial radiation of radiation again.

5. the feature of the catalytic properties of relative effect gatherer part

And how whether the gatherer part that impact is configured to structure structure collect or the additional attribute of loading section target substance comprises the catalytic properties of gatherer part.Such as, structure structure can be configured to various mode catalysis one reactions of the target sample can improve collection or loading section.More particularly, the structure that is made up of parallel bed of material structure can by controlling temperature of reaction, by having the ad hoc structure of the bed of material of this reaction of catalysis, or by provide this reaction of catalysis material and at its bed of material edge catalyzed chemical reaction or biological respinse.Structure structure can also be reacted, allow reaction or be conducive to by other by raising reaction rate, prolongation the mode of reaction, and catalysis one is reacted.Many variablees can be changed carry out catalysis and specifically react.In certain embodiments, such as, the thickness of the single bed of material of structure structure is chosen as catalysis one reaction.In addition, the distance between the bed of material and/or layer content (such as, boron nitride, carbon etc.) can be chosen as catalysis one reaction.In extra embodiment, adulterant can add structure structure to, or the distance piece with specified chemical can be added between the bed of material, specifically reacts with catalysis.

The parallel bed of material can by being delivered to the region and catalysis one reaction that react by heat.In other implementations, the parallel bed of material is by taking away heat and catalysis one reaction from the region reacted.Such as, heat conductively can be delivered in the parallel bed of material and (such as be included in U.S. Patent application No.12/857 herein in full, discussed in 515) to provide heat to the thermonegative reaction in the stay pipe of the bed of material.In some implementations, the parallel bed of material is by carrying out catalysis one reaction from the region eliminative reaction product reacted.Such as, the parallel bed of material can absorb the alcohols from biochemical reaction in central support tube, and in central support tube, alcohols is accessory substance, thus alcohols is discharged to the outward flange of the parallel bed of material, and extends the life of the microorganism related in biochemical reaction.

In some embodiments, first group of parallel bed of material can be configured to catalysis one reaction, and second group of parallel bed of material is configured to absorb and/or adsorption reaction product.Such as, first group of bed of material can be configured to by allowing reaction between two molecules and catalyzed chemical reaction, and second group of bed of material with different interval and/or thickness can be configured to adsorption reaction product, therefore extends the length of chemical reaction.

In further embodiment, the reaction that structure structure can be constructed close to structure with catalysis by electrically charge (such as, as U.S. Patent application No.12/857, discussed in 515).Such as, structure structure can be configured to, in specific frequency generation acoustic resonance, cause the mode orientation that molecule itself reacts with catalysis one.In addition, molecule can be oriented to allow chemical reaction or they absorb on the bed of material.In some embodiments, structure structure be configured to launch or absorbed radiation energy with catalysis one reaction.Such as, first group of bed of material can be configured to absorbed radiation energy and radiation energy is converted into heat, and second group of bed of material with different interval and/or thickness utilizes described heat to be conducive to thermonegative reaction.In other embodiments, catalyzer adds structure structure to the reaction of catalysis close to this structure.Catalyzer can be applied on the bed of material edge of this structure or the surface of this structure.Such as, chromium oxide can be applied to the edge of structure structure, and chromium oxide can chemical reaction between catalytic methane and ozone, and wherein ozone utilizes ionization UV radiation or induced spark to produce from air.

6. the feature of the capillary attribute of relative effect gatherer part

And how whether the gatherer part that impact is configured to structure structure collect or the extra factor of destination media of loading section comprises the capillary attribute of gatherer part.Such as, the structure structure with the parallel bed of material can be arranged to or be configured to allow liquid move via capillary action between its bed of material.The aleatory variable that can change in many variablees can produce capillary action relative to predetermined substance to make the parallel bed of material.In some embodiments, layer content, adulterant, interval and/or thickness, through selecting, construct to make structure and produce capillary action relative to specific target substance.Such as, the distance between the single bed of material, through selecting, constructs to make structure and produces capillary action relative to predetermined substance.In a particular embodiment, each concentric bed of material of structure structure can be spaced apart from each other for the capillary distance of water, and structure structure can force water to climb up described structure via capillary action.

Structure structure can by have for the first capillary distance of the first molecule or some bed of materials at interval and have for the dimolecular second capillary apart from or other bed of materials at interval formed.Such as, first group of bed of material can have capillary distance relative to the first molecule such as propane, and second group of bed of material with interval and/or the different single bed of material of thickness can produce capillary action relative to the second molecule such as hydrogen.In addition, in certain embodiments, the configuration of structure structure heat is allowed can to import or spread out of described structure into, to be conducive to capillary action.In further embodiments, electric charge can be applied, to be conducive to capillary action to the bed of material of structure structure.

Fig. 5 A is the diagrammatic side view of the system 560a configured according to embodiment of the present disclosure.System 560a comprises the heat pipe 561 being configured to the first input end part 562a had relative to the second outlet end part 562b.First and second end portion 562 can comprise the first multiple isolated parallel bed of material 564 of structure structure respectively.In the illustrated embodiment, the first bed of material 564 direction of orientation being positioned at end portion 562 is aimed at the longitudinal axis of heat pipe 561 or almost parallel with it.Heat pipe 561 comprises the second multiple isolated parallel bed of material 566 of the center section extension laterally deviating from heat pipe 560a further.Second bed of material 566 extends from heat pipe 561 with the angle of roughly crossing heat pipe 561 longitudinal axis.First bed of material 564 and second bed of material 566 can pass into described system from outside, and are configured to attract the sample of predetermined material or part to enter or leave heat pipe 560a selectively.Heat also can import into and spread out of heat pipe 561 by these bed of materials.Such as, in operation, heat can introduce described heat pipe 561 at 562a place, first end section.The heat being in first end section 562a causes working fluid to evaporate at least in part.The steam produced is from first end section 562a arrival second end section 562b and in second end section 562b condensation.The partial working stream of condensation returns first end section 562a from second end section 562b.As the result of working fluid in second end section 562b place condensation, heat is sent out the second end section 562b of heat pipe 560a.

According to some features of illustrated embodiment, when heat leaves heat pipe 560a, at least part of target sample or predetermined composition also can be eliminated (such as at second end section 562b via first bed of material 564 from solution, steam) because it is brought to top or the second end section 562b of heat pipe 560a.In addition, along with condensation product arrives first end section 562a from second end section 562b, second bed of material 566, can also transferring heat except can except the in the future target sample of the part of self cooling condensate liquid or the transfer of predetermined composition.Such as, in certain embodiments, the working fluid in heat pipe 561 can be water, and first bed of material 564 and/or second bed of material 566 can remove methane or other solvends (such as, carbon dioxide) from water.In further embodiments, first bed of material 564 and/or second bed of material 566 can with predetermined adulterant or material prestrains, to regulate the surface tension along these adsorptions.

Fig. 5 B is the diagrammatic side view of the system 560b according to the another kind of embodiment configuration of the disclosure.System 560b comprises heat pipe 561, and this heat pipe is similar to above with reference to the heat pipe described in Fig. 5 A in 26S Proteasome Structure and Function.Such as, as shown in Figure 5 B, heat pipe 561 comprises the working fluid be enclosed between first end section 562a and relative second end section 562b.First and second end portion 562 comprise first bed of material of structure structure, and their directions of orientation are roughly parallel to the longitudinal axis of heat pipe 561.This heat pipe comprises further along radial second bed of material 566 extended in heat pipe 561 in the direction of roughly crossing heat pipe longitudinal axis.Second bed of material 566 is correspondingly arranged to be positioned at heat pipe at least partly, and can be configured to load or otherwise remove from working fluid or collect sample portion.

The capillary absorption attribute of method and system disclosed in literary composition can comprise submit to simultaneously and be included in by quoting in full herein, any feature of being entitled as the system described in the U.S. Patent application of " THERMAL TRANSFER DEVICE ANDASSOCIATED SYSTEMS AND METHODS " (procurator's document No.69545.8604.US00).

7. the feature of the surface structure of relative effect gatherer part

In a further embodiment, structure structure can comprise one or more surface structures in its surface, to be conducive to structure structure loaded targets sample material or the quantity and the speed that unload target sample material from structure structure.As co-pending U.S. Patent application No.12/857, described in 515, surface structure can be the crystalline network institute epitaxial orientation of the bed of material applied by them.As mentioned above, in certain embodiments, they are by being formed gas dehydration on the surface at the bed of material.In further embodiments, the adjacent bed of material be configured to textural before, they are coated on the bed of material.Surface structure can comprise nanotube, nanometer roll, nano flower and other structures.More particularly, material molecule can absorb in the region in this structure by nanometer flower structure, and target sample molecule is adsorbed onto it on the surface.In certain embodiments, surface structure allows structure structure to load the specific compound of material.In certain embodiments, surface structure allows structure structure load more quickly and/or unload material molecule.In certain embodiments, the surface structure of particular type has precedence over another kind of surface structure.Such as, in certain embodiments, nanometer roll can have precedence over nanotube.Nanometer roll can than nanotube compression and decompression material molecule more quickly, because the nanometer roll multiple material molecule of compression and decompression simultaneously, and nanotube only load or unload molecule simultaneously.In certain embodiments, the surface structure of the first kind loads the first compound, and the surface structure of Second Type loads the second compound.In certain embodiments, surface structure is made up of conductive material and/or has the high availability for heat trnasfer.In certain embodiments, surface structure is made up of carbon.

In certain embodiments, surface structure can be oriented to the bed of material surface being approximately perpendicular to structure structure.In further embodiments, the orientation of at least some surface structure is not orthogonal to the surface that they apply.Such as, at least some surface structure relative to the respective surfaces of structure structure, can be oriented to different angles (such as, except an angle of 90 degrees).Surface structure can be oriented to specific angle, to increase the surface area of surface structure, increase the speed being collected or load molecule by this surface structure, increase loading and the collection density of this surface structure, and/or tend to the molecule collecting or load specific compound, or for other reasons.

In certain embodiments, it is textural that surface structure can be configured in structure, and be made up of the material being different from structure structure.More particularly, the bed of material of structure structure can be made up of Graphene, and surface structure can be made up of boron nitride.Surface structure can be made up of other materials, such as boron hydride, diborane (B ₂h ₆), sodium aluminum hydride, MgH ₂, LiH, titantium hydride and/or other metal hydrides or other suitable compounds.

d. the embodiment of the sensing part of system and feature

Described in Fig. 1, the Sensor section 104 of system 100 is configured to detect and/or analyze the target sample of one or more part (such as, microcosmic part or molecular moiety) existence, and to detect and/or one or more attributes of target sample of analysis part or feature.Sensor section 104 can comprise such as gatherer part 102 entirety with other parts of system 100 and be formed.Describe in further detail as following, Sensor section 104, more particularly, detector portion 106 and analyzer part 108, can be detected by different mechanism or method and/or the attribute of evaluating objects sample.

Such as, the method and structure for collecting or otherwise accumulate sample can be related to for the method and structure of the attribute of determination and analysis target sample.In some embodiments between the bed of material being loaded into structure structure in sample (such as, few or molecule) part, detect and/or analyze and can comprise sample and be loaded into speed between the bed of material.Detect and/or analyze may further include sample enter into structure structure the bed of material between the degree of depth or length.More particularly, sample, loading speed and/or the degree of depth can as the instructions of specific objective sample, or the instruction of target sample particular community.In a further embodiment, sensing can comprise from after target sample removes concrete composition or other parts selectively, checks the product of remaining target sample.

In further embodiments, the optical properties of collection can provide useful information for sensing judgement.Such as, and with reference to selective surface described above in detail, transmission, reflection and/or refraction can as the instructions of the attribute of the instruction of target sample existence or target sample.In some embodiments instructing wavelength shift, target sample can at the first wave length emitted energy with the first color-associations, according to the embodiment described in literary composition, first wave length is different from the second wave length relevant to the second color of the energy being transmitted, absorbing, reflecting and/or reflecting.This wavelength variations or color change correspondingly can provide the useful information about target sample, and what the existence and/or the target sample that comprise such as target sample are made with.Similarly, the angular deflection difference of incident wavelength and emission wavelength can be offered help.Such as, material such as silicon, gallium, the arsenide etc. of Photoelectric Detection, can be deposited as pattern in structure structure, to be conducive to the optics sensing of the radiation energy be collected.In addition, the phase transition temperature of target sample also may be used for the information detecting related ends sample, and particularly with reference to inputting to target sample Rapid Thermal.The further useful technology of the target sample be collected for sensing (such as, detect and/or analyze) comprises and inductively produces magnetic field or electric field to observe the impact for target sample.Such as, the frequency changing electric field also monitors the behavior of the frequency for change, can prove the judgement of target sample existence and/or type extraly.

In further embodiments, the sensing part 104 of the above system 100 with reference to Fig. 1 description can comprise one or more microprocessor.Such as, the structure structure discussed in literary composition can be designed to utilize one or more attributes discussed above to draw particular result or conclusion in microcosmic point.Numerous application of structure structure are adopted to comprise electric charge processor, molecular processor and/or biological processor.The structure structure being configured to electric charge processor may be used for constructing microcircuit, the existence of specific atoms or molecule in testing environment, or draws other results.In some embodiments, the structure formation of structure circuit of electric charge processor is configured to.Such as, the parallel bed of material of Graphene can be spaced apart by dielectric material, constructs stored charge and play the effect of similar capacitor to make structure.In some embodiments, structure structure can be configured to high temperature capacitors by isolating the parallel bed of material of this structure with pottery.In other embodiments, structure structure can be configured to low temperature capacitor by isolating the parallel bed of material with polymkeric substance.In other embodiment schemes, structure structure can be configured to process ion.Such as, structure structure can be configured with the semipermeable partition in the region between the bed of material covering this structure.This semipermeable partition allows specific ion through this film and enters this structure structure, and here they are detected for specific purpose.In some embodiments, structure structure is configured to solid-state converter.

In addition, in some embodiments, structure structure can the electromagnetic wave of shifting molecular level.Such as, structure structure can be configured to the white light conversion of 100BTU to become the red of 75BTU and blue light.Convert thereof into blue light and ruddiness by chemical resonance white light, white light is moved by ripple.In addition, structure structure can be made up of carbon, and selected region utilizes reactant such as boron, titanium, iron, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten and/or silicon to change into solid solution or compound such as carbonide, and structure structure can allow the bed of material be oriented to configuring is displaced to expectation wavelength such as ruddiness and/or blue light by white light and/or infrared frequency.

The structure structure being configured to biological processor may be used for producing enzyme, carbohydrates, lipid or other materials.In some embodiments, structure structure is configured to the parallel bed of material, and it eliminates biochemical reaction product from conversion zone, is continued to make biochemical reaction.Such as, structure structure can be configured to load noxious material, such as alcohols from the conversion zone in the respective support pipe supporting the bed of material.By eliminating noxious material, the microorganism related in biochemical reaction can not be killed, and biochemical reaction can not continue with stopping.In other embodiments, structure structure can be configured to the useful products removing biochemical reaction from response location, and can not interrupt this reaction.Such as, the stay pipe in structure structure can hold the biochemical reaction producing useful lipid, unloaded at the outward flange in this region in the region between the bed of material that described useful lipid is loaded into this structure.Therefore, according to these embodiments, biochemical reaction can continue, and useful products is removed.

e. the communication of system and the embodiment of controller part and feature

Just as described above with reference to Figure 1, the communication comprising reporter part 110 and/or controller part 111 of system 100 and controller part 109 be configured to provide relevant target sample to collect, detect and/or analyze in real time or automatic signal or other suitable instructions.Reporter part 110 can be made up of structure described above in detail at least in part.In certain embodiments, report can comprise to controller or the transmission of another similar system or transmit (such as, via wired or wireless media), the analysis result of the existence of target sample that instruction is detected or one or more attributes of target sample.In further embodiments, this signal can comprise the instruction taken appropriate action in response to sensing target sample.Such as, this signal can comprise the information for preventive maintenance or security of relevant target sample, and the position of related ends sample, quantity, concentration or other attributes information.In addition, report signal can send with sensed object sample simultaneously or otherwise send in real time, or report signal can store and launch afterwards.For describing in detail below the suitable parts of instruction of reporting objectives pattern detection or analysis and some embodiments of configuration.In addition, report the test can customize for the objectives sample be acquired.Such as, report signal can comprise diagnosis about target sample or prevention information.Pass on target sample analysis result can provide some advantages.Such as, communication can be real-time, and on the target sample being based upon microcosmic part.This is significantly different from traditional sensing techniques, in traditional sensing techniques, may need to obtain relatively most sample, sample be delivered to laboratory, and waits for analysis result, there is the threat of contaminated sample all the time.

According to some embodiments, structure structure can comprise the microprocessor as above described in detail.In some instances, from one or more optical sensor electric current can with microprocessor communication, to transmit or to provide another kind of suitable result instruction.In addition, structure constructs one or more nanometer radio that can comprise for emission results signal.Described system correspondingly can provide consequential signal or provide consequential signal from described target sample source is long-range in this locality.

f. the embodiment of the remover part of system and feature

Described in Fig. 1, remover part 112 configured to clear, the unloading of system 100 or otherwise eliminate part (such as, microcosmic or the molecular moiety) target sample be collected.Remover part 112 can be made up of the structure as above described in detail at least in part.In addition, remover part 112 can be partly integrated with any other of this system described in literary composition, comprises such as gatherer part 102, Sensor section 104 and/or reporter part 110.In some embodiments, remover part 112 is used for eliminating the mechanism of the target sample be collected or method and can relates to or depend on for collecting or the mechanism of loaded targets sample or method.Proper method for removing target sample comprises such as to keeping the structure formations of target sample to give plus-pressure gradient.This pressure gradient can comprise such as relief pressure or increase pressure, such as, from electrolytic action, mechanical pump etc.In a further embodiment, can utilize moisture and not water-bearing media implement light electrolysis, to remove or otherwise to extract target sample out.Such as, electrolytic medium can be chosen according to the composition of target sample.

According to Additional examples of composition of the present disclosure, predetermined gas or fluid can be used for removing from gatherer part 102 or rinse by the part of remover shown in Fig. 1 112 target sample of accumulation.In one embodiment, such as, hydrogen may be used for the collecting zone between the isolated bed of material of removing structure structure.In addition, when hydrogen rinses or remove collecting zone, hydrogen can retain in that region at least partially.Hydrogen that is that retain or that be loaded can have the first affinity computing, to be retained between these bed of materials, but the hydrogen target sample that can be collected by the another kind with the second affinity computing being greater than the first affinity computing retained replace, thus in collecting zone between the bed of material being loaded into structure structure.In further embodiments, the target sample removing accumulation from gatherer part 102 can be realized by plasma, electric capacity, hydrogen, oxygen and/or steam flush gatherer part 102, or provides assistance with this.

g. for collecting, sensing, report and or remove the system of partial target sample, parts and method additional examples of composition

According to Additional examples of composition of the present disclosure, system and method disclosed in literary composition can be used in multiple environment.Such as, for collecting the target sample of microcosmic part, sensing (such as, detect sample existence and/or analyzing samples attribute), the instruction of report sensing and/or remove the system of target sample, can implement for different objects in various environment.Embodiment disclosed in literary composition can use one or more sensor, comprises such as with the sensor above with reference to the gatherer described in Fig. 1, sensor (such as determination and analysis), reporter/controller and/or remover part.Such as, system described in literary composition, sensor and correlation report can be parts for interacted system or network.Such as, Fig. 6 A is the schematic diagram of network or the system 630 configured according to embodiment of the present disclosure.In the illustrated embodiment, system 630 comprises the many groups gatherer/sensor/reporter/remover (" sensor ") possessing feature described in literary composition, such as, comprise above with reference to the system 100 described in Fig. 1-2 B.With reference to Fig. 6 A, such as, system 630 comprises the first sensor 600a of first node or group 631a, the second sensor 600b of Section Point or group 631b, and the 3rd sensor 600c of the 3rd node or group 631c.Some of them sensor 600 can be connected to each other, or is otherwise configured to via wired connection 633 and communicates with one another.But other sensors such as schematically show with the 3rd sensor 600c, and wherein any sensor can radio communication.According to the additional features of illustrated embodiment, first group of 631a comprises and coupling (such as, through a cable, wirelessly etc.) to the first controller 632a of one or more first sensor 600a.In addition, the 3rd group of 632c comprises the 3rd controller 632c being wirelessly couple to one or more 3rd sensor 600c.In addition, these controllers and sensor can couple (such as, through a cable, wirelessly etc.) to other sensors in another group and/or controller arbitrarily.In addition, some sensors 600 can be positioned on identical structure member or near it, and object is the target sample that Collection and analysis is identical.But in further embodiments, different sensors 600 can be positioned in different positions or different structures, and object is the data of Collection and analysis about different target sample.In further embodiments, one of them controller 632 can operate as the controller all organizing 631 or all sensors 600 for whole system.In addition, one or more controller 632 can operate as relaying, to convey a message and/or from remote control instruction or information.According to Additional examples of composition of the present disclosure, system 600 can convergent-divergent and collect in the environment of any yardstick, analyze and transmission data, comprises such as in international or global environment.

System 630 shown in Fig. 6 A accordingly illustrates network or the system of interconnected sensor 600 and controller 632, and described sensor and controller can be configured to communicate with one another and/or provide feedback for different environment.Such as, sensor 600 shown in Fig. 6 A can be used in different systems, application and/or environment, in such as school, hospital, public transport (aircraft, motorbus, train, subway etc.).System 630 can extraly for such application, such as quality assurance, preventive maintenance, security (comprising trend analysis), warning against danger (comprising bolt down procedure), chemical identification and supervision, environmental monitoring, Homeland Security, hazardous material transport and monitoring, pollution detection system etc.

In addition; system 630 shown in Fig. 6 A accordingly illustrates the wide area network of interconnected sensor 600 and controller 632; this wide area network can be configured to the scalability allowing region, country, international global network; for the data acquisition of mi-crochemistry sampling, information processing, trend analysis, and/or relate to the prediction of geonomy, environmental protection, publilc health and economy.Any sensor 600 can be geophysical sensor, and this sensor can be defined as the arbitrary equipment receiving and measure and can be used as the environmental stimulus of Geographic Reference.This geophysical sensor comprises inertia or acceleration transducer, to provide the record of equipment or system motion, comprises such as earthquake and longer-term motion.More particularly, one or more sensor disclosed in literary composition or geophysical sensor can entrained by the equipment of diverse location of passing through.Described sensor and/or geophysical sensor correspondingly allow for the time of each run and the position enquiring of each event and Authentication devices stroke, thus utilize such as geological data to provide distinctive mark or the signature of device location and/or stroke.Although attempted large-scale sensor network in the present case within decades, as World Meteorological Organization (WMO) for measuring weather and climate pattern, and Argos Buoy network is for measuring temperature and the salinity of world ocean, but these networks not yet realize real time implementation Hygienic monitoring on hands of childhood and are confined to the chemical information that they can identify and report.But, according to embodiment of the present disclosure, the sensor 600 of one or more networking and controller 632 system are applicable to the sensor that sensor that weather ship or aircraft dispose, oceanographic data Sensors on Data Buoy, weather station, earth's surface sensor, upper atmosphere station and meteorological balloon are disposed.

For environment and/or geographical space monitoring, an advantage of the present disclosure allows to obtain the chemical information that can be used as Geographic Reference, then report in the mode of continuous real-time streams, or to the time series batch report of chemical information enforcement through programming on the region disperseed on a large scale, or even trigger-type reports (such as warning against danger).The sensing data of this broad array can be configured to be transmitted and exchange information by the layout such as internet of collaborative work, thus (a) obtains the chemical information that can be used as Geographic Reference that previously passed conventional method could obtain or consume huge fund acquisition, (b) obtaining necessary data source quantity and distribution, is the information that can be used for public policy decision-making to allow data transformations.Such as, Earthwatch group (GEO) contemplates the global Earthwatch system of system (GEOSS), GEO is the Intergovernmental Organization be made up of 73 countries, European Union and 52 international organizations, and its target is the science contact promoting to form between the observing system of the system of system.Use sensor network disclosed in literary composition, reform the mode obtaining geographical spatial data.In the example of another useful especially application of disclosed in the text embodiment, in 2000, United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) (UNEP) advocates " digital earth project (first proposed in 1998 by American vice president Al Gore; describe the virtual representation earth; so as to carry out space with reference to and interconnected with world's numeral knowledge base), obtain global environment information to improve decision maker for economic and social policy's problem.In another kind of example, the economic problems that greenhouse gas emission controls have caused the various projects for carbon credit Economic Stimulus, use the industrial process reducing or eliminating noxious emission with promoting enterprise.More particularly, be to lack for enough strick precautions of swindling or " make fun of system " widely to the extensive criticism of this international efforts, do not measure the real time of each run, with the associating of seismic events, and other environmental datas are empirically associated with concrete industrial behavior and concrete government policy.But embodiment of the present disclosure is extensively disperseed by allowing the chemical sample of microcosmic, thus at least improves the measurement interests of following tracking and assessment: the energy (biological energy source, living beings, wind, water power, underground heat, sun power etc.); Weather (land, ocean and Atmosphere changes, greenhouse gas emission, water and energy exchange etc.); Water (source, quality and terrestrial water using forestland); Weather (Atmosphere changes of wind, temperature, cloud amount, humidity, air pressure etc. is for the impact etc. of land, ocean and plant); The ecosystem (affecting health and the stressor of both macro and micro system, the related needs of life system); Agricultural (cropping pattern, forest and land degeneration etc.); Bio-diversity (represent the ecosystem feature of their viability, comprise habitat fragmentation, animal and plant extinction of species speed and factor etc.); Disaster response and mitigation (fire monitoring, land-Atmosphere-Ocean System degeneration, fire early warning, flood, earthquake, landslide, rubble flow, hurricane, wind spout etc.); And/or publilc health (land, plant and animal change, disease vector, boundary condition etc.).

Fig. 6 B is for Homeland Security application or environment with the process flow diagram of the process or method 650 that detect potential threat, or described method is used for position or the environment of other applicable wide area networks monitorings, comprises such as chemistry and supervises.Such as, method 650 comprises existence and/or the attribute (square 652) of the target sample constituted a threat in monitoring of environmental.Monitored environment can comprise public environment such as airport, railway station, bus stop, other public transport places, shopping center, gymnasium or stadium, government buildings etc.In addition, the network with reference to the multiple sensors described in network array shown in Fig. 6 A can be arranged in whole environment, with monitoring objective sample.In addition, single-sensor can comprise controller and/or this network can comprise the central controller communicated with single controller.Described sensor can be placed in the network in whole environment, with effective monitoring objective sample.For example, referring to airport environment, one or more sensor can be positioned at the place that claims, examination or security checkpoints, pavement, boarding gate, aircraft etc.

Threat may comprise anyly in environment not to be wanted or undesirable target sample, comprises such as poisonous or dangerous target sample.At decision-making square 654 place, described method comprises and judges whether threat to be detected, such as, judged by the existence of target sample, one or more attributes of target sample, the accumulation rate of target sample or quantity etc.In certain embodiments, single-sensor can judge whether target sample constitutes a threat to partly or independently.But in further embodiments, single-sensor can send about being collected and/or the data of analyzed target sample to center-control, can judge whether target sample constitutes a threat to make central controller.If threat (such as, being detected by central controller or one or more independent network sensor) do not detected, then method 650 comprises the trend (square 656) of preserving relevant target sample and collecting and/or analyzing.Described trend can comprise target sample accumulation, accumulation rate, accumulation position, target sample type etc.In addition, described trend can local be kept in the single-sensor collecting this part, and is kept in the central controller of reception from the instruction of this information of this sensor.After preserving described trend, described method may further include knows at least part of target sample (square 658) from sensor, and continues monitoring of environmental (returning square 652).In certain embodiments, in order to remove the part be collected from sensor, central controller can send signal to sensor, removes sample with instruction sensor.

If threat detected, then method 650 comprises threat from sensor to central controller report or the trend of carrying out, and/or preserves described trend (square 660) at local sensor or central controller place.Method 650 can also be included in the sensor 662 place preservation partial target sample be collected at least partially.In addition, method 650 may further include removes target sample at least partially, to continue or circulatory monitoring environment (square 664).Although said method 650 is applicable to Homeland Security environment, it should be appreciated by those skilled in the art that method 650 may be used for other application or other environment, comprise the material of such as monitoring and not constituting a threat to.

Fig. 6 C is to detect the quality of acceptable value or the another kind of process of target part or product (such as, the existence etc. of impurity or chemicals or composition) or the process flow diagram of method 670 for quality assurance application or environment.Such as, method 670 may be used for such various procedures or sub-process, wherein before next process of beginning or sub-process, collects, senses, reports and/or removing event.More particularly, first process of method 670 in process (such as, " process 1 ") or sub-process comprise and collect sample, sensing sample existence and/or attribute and report sensing result (square 672a).Method 670 also comprises and judges whether the first process causes the quality assurance (decision-making square 674) of acceptable value.If quality assurance is unacceptable, then method 670 comprise send unacceptable quality report, preserve be collected sample trend (such as, accumulation rate, quantity, type etc.), remove sample at least partially, and/or stop the first process (square 676).

If quality assurance can accept, then method 670 comprises permission second process or sub-process is advanced (such as, " process 2 ") and collects sample, sensing sample existence and/or attribute report sensing result (square 672b) in the second process.With reference to the second process, method 670 comprises the same steps as above shown in 674,676 and/or 678.If quality assurance can accept in the second process, then method 670 is included in another process (such as, " process n ") in allow another process or sub-process to advance and collect sample, sensing sample existence and/or attribute, and report sensing result (square 672n).N-th process object is to indicate the process as deviser is desirably many to be included in method 670.With reference to the n-th process, method 670 comprises above same steps shown in square 674,676 and/or 678.Method 670 can comprise other processes that circulation returns the first process or continues to perform predetermined quantity.

In further embodiments, for collecting the target sample of microcosmic part, sensing (such as, detect sample existence and/or analyzing samples attribute), the instruction of report sensing, and/or remove the system of target sample, may be used for other application various, comprise such as, comprise the security of trend analysis, comprise the warning against danger of bolt down procedure, preventive maintenance, dust free room monitoring and clean room requirements are safeguarded, comprise rfid system with existing or external computer networks to communicate, comprise threat detection, attack source prediction and the Homeland Security identified, traffic in drugs, traffic in person, terrorist monitors, munitions, alcohols, with prohibition of drug law enforcement, and comprise container motion, food chain transports, the transport industry of manufacture process, chemical industry process, medical transport process, pharmaceutical manufacturing process, fuel management and safety, natural gas line safety and quality, carbon credit record and report, and/or sense of smell medical diagnosis.For carbon credit, such as, described method and system disclosed in literary composition provides reliable and follows the tracks of and report the method for carbon credit expediently.In further embodiments, system and method disclosed in literary composition can comprise inertial sensor to follow the tracks of position and/or the geodata of associated sensor.

In further embodiments, system disclosed in literary composition and sensor may be used at least following environment: marine industry (comprise, such as, moved by the container of truck, railway and/or boats and ships); Natural gas tube line mass and safety; Office of Homeland Security (comprise, such as terrorist's monitoring, threat detection, attack source prediction and identify, public transportation system safety such as airport, motorbus, canoe, steamer, truck, railway, forbid trafficing in person); Munitions, alcohols and prohibition of drug law enforcement (comprise, such as, stop narcotics traffic); Fluid supply or compartment system (comprising, such as water supply and dispensing); Food production, packaging and transportation system; Manufacture process (comprising, such as chemical industry manufacture process, medicine manufacture process etc.); Medical transport process (comprise, such as, ensure correct medical transport, sense of smell medical diagnosis etc.); Fuel management and safety; The carbon credit record of greenhouse gases and report; The noxious emission monitoring of environmental protection mechanism; And/or dust free room is monitored and clean room requirements is safeguarded.

In further embodiments, described system and sensor may be used for concrete medical applications.More particularly, in one embodiment, such as, sensor disclosed in literary composition can provide the instruction for human T cell's response, to provide the instruction of body immune system or Immunization Activities.Such as, medical professional can biopsy from the not yet diagnosed tumour of patient, and the input of the sensor providing a part of tumour to configure as embodiment disclosed in literary composition.From microcosmic or point subsample, this sensor correspondingly judges whether that there is the T cell from patient relevant with this tumour responds.Therefore, this sensor can provide quick and early stage information that is movable about patients immune system and/or this tumour.In addition, the T cell response of patient is only an example of the suitable judgement achieved by system and method for the present disclosure.Such as, in further embodiments, these systems can be configured to detect other medical conditions of health or reaction (such as, as concrete medical condition result and cultivate concrete protein etc.).

According to additional features of the present disclosure, method and system disclosed in literary composition comprises for connecting indicator in assembly or sensor, and what be such as connected to one or more conduit connects assembly.Fig. 7 A is such as the side view connecting assembly 700 comprising the indicator configured according to embodiment of the present disclosure.Although some features of the present disclosure are being described referring to connecting assembly 700, but these features are also for the fluid delivery system of any type, comprise such as flexible conduit, rigid conduit, flexible pipe, plug, nozzle, sprinkler, filtrator, catheter, ductus venosus, syringe, needle tubing, the inner tube of a tyre, interior pipe and/or the parts with fluid delivery system or device-dependent any type.Turn back to accompanying drawing, Fig. 7 B is the side cross-sectional view of the assembly 700 substantially intercepted along the line 7B-7B of Fig. 7 A, and Fig. 7 C is the isometric views connecting assembly 700.Associating is with reference to Fig. 7 A-7C, and in the illustrated embodiment, assembly 700 comprises convex web member 708, and this convex web member coordinates with recessed web member 702 or is connected to recessed web member 702, to be provided to the connection of conduit 706.Assembly 700 comprises further " informing against " element, such as sensor or indicator, for the instruction of the alarm or other types that provide the fluid about flowing through assembly 700.In the illustrated embodiment, such as, indicator is carried at by assembly 700 near the connecting portion that formed by convex web member 708 and recessed web member 702.More particularly, one or more indicator can be carried at 710,712,714 and/or 716 on convex web member 708 as shown in Figure 7 A and recessed web member 702 by assembly.In addition, convex web member 708 and recessed web member 702 can comprise and be configured to be connected to reduced pipe screw thread, the conduit of abduction mouth or compression joint or other types or the feature that adapts to it.Such as, first component or convex web member 708 can comprise one or more thread end part, and this thread end part axially aligns around the longitudinal central axis line of assembly 700.Second component or recessed web member 702 can have recessed threaded sections 710, and this section also can axially align around longitudinal central axis line.In addition, in the illustrated embodiment, assembly 700 is connected to the conduit 706 having flared end and divide, and this flared end divides the respective surfaces against convex web member 708 to coordinate.Assembly 700 also comprises the compressive seal 704 be positioned between recessed web member 702 and conduit 706.During assembling, recessed web member 702 actuates the abduction part of compressive seal 704 and conduit 706 tightly against convex web member 708.

In certain embodiments, inform against element or indicator can comprise detecting device or the sensor of any type, to detect the seal fails that whether and/or when to connect between assembly 700 and conduit 706 and fluid starts to leak.Described indicator can provide vision to leak instruction, such as, to allow the leakage of user's visual inspection assembly 700.Such as, described indicator can provide the leakage of dyeing to indicate.More particularly, described indicator can by the liquid activation (such as, with the fluid contact leaked) that leaks or with when adding the active agent of the fluid flowing through assembly 700 to, release coloured dye.In certain embodiments, such as, iodine, chlorine and/or fluorine that halogen is such as in water can as activating agents, and they and indicator react and cause from element indicator 704 releasing liquid (or other indicate) of informing against.In such an embodiment, after the leak fluid molecule collecting or contact relatively small amount, indicator can provide amplifying signal.Described signal can comprise, such as, and the color, fluorescence, phosphorescence etc. that easily detect.In addition, other alarms or trigger event of informing against can comprise other signals, such as in indicator, generate by indicator 704 radio signal of being launched by indicator that electric capacity, resistance and/or changes of magnetic field cause because of fluid contact or leakage.

In another kind of example, the instruction that indicator can respond the request signal to indicator 704 transmitting and provide the initial stage to leak.In these embodiments, element indicator of informing against sensing chemistry, physics, optics, radio or calorifics information, leak and transmit leakage instruction to detect the initial stage.In addition, detecting device can launch the request signal for preventive maintenance, or otherwise utilize be used for the reply request of preventive maintenance and request signal mutual.This data to indicator transmission or the data sent from indicator, can comprise information, such as interface sites, identity, fluid type, slip or leakage rate, applicating history etc.

In some applications, indicator comprises small-sized, miniature or nanoscale sensing circuit, such as, be positioned at position 712 and/or 710 place.Described circuit can be activated by the photoelectric material that assembly 700 is carried near indicator, and photoelectric material is such as carried at position 714 and/or 716 place.Therefore, if detecting device utilizes the sensor circuit at position 710 and/or 712 place to detect that the initial stage leaks, then surround lighting or inquiry light source can provide photoelectric power to the photoelectric material at position 714 and/or 716 place, to activate the circuit at 710 and/or 712 places.In this way, the circuit that indicator can provide radio signal or serve as ring oscillator, thus produce initial stage leakage signal, this signal is broadcasted or is inquired about by cordless, and cordless comprises such as radiowave or infrared ray.Below citation relates to microelectronics, they are included in by quoting in full herein: http://news.bbc.co.uk/go/pr/fr/-/2/hi/science/nature/4839088:http: //www.bio-medicine.org/biology-technology-1/Toward-worlds-smallest-radio-3A-nano-sized-detector-turns-radio-waves-into-music-1330-1/:Universityof California at Berkeley Physics Department-Nanotube Radio:SupplementalMaterials:ScienceDaily.com-" First Fully-functional RadioFrom A SingleCarbon Nanotube Created ": PhysicsOrg.com-" Make Way for the RealNanopod:Researchers Create First Fully Functional Nanotube Radio " andhttp: //www.nanowerk.com/spotlight/spotid=3080.php.

Fig. 8 A is the side view of the another kind of assembly 800 configured according to embodiment of the present disclosure.Fig. 8 B is that Fig. 8 C is the amplification details drawing of the details 8C in Fig. 8 B, and Fig. 8 D is the isometric views of assembly 800 substantially along the side cross-sectional, view that the line 8B-8B of Fig. 8 A intercepts.Associating is with reference to Fig. 8 A-8D, and illustrated components 800 is configured to pipe 806 compression seal to joint 808.Such as, the compression to lip ring 804 is realized by fastening nut 802, the tapered receiver device of the end of joint 808 is arranged in force seal element 804 to axially move to, and sink at least partly, to be formed against pipe 806 and at least to contact potted line, corresponding contact potted line with being formed against joint 808.Assembly 800 also comprises inform against sensor or the indicator 810 that can be positioned near seal element 804 or on it.Indicator 810 is used as the indicator of informing against in early days of initial stage leakage, to describe and/or to broadcast suitable maintenance request signal or otherwise to provide the instruction occurring in assembly 800 to leak.

In certain embodiments, assembly 800 also comprises the one or more detecting devices be positioned at by position shown in 812,814 and/or 816, as shown in Figure 8 B.In conjunction with detecting device 812 and/or 814, parts 816 can responding to visible light, UV and/or microwave when being queried, to forward and/or otherwise to participate in preventive maintenance signal or request.Such permission utilizes the activating light source throwing light on and/or detect any identification signal to check fast from one or more detecting device.

As shown in Figure 8 C, assembly 800 is also included in the detecting device with one or more leakage interception vessel 803 near one or more miniature circuit 801.Circuit 801 can utilize the mode selected from the technology of instructing to provide signal herein.Small-sized, miniature or nanoscale circuit can be positioned on other appropriate locations in assembly 800 or in position similarly, comprise such as, be positioned at as required on nut 802, to provide the redundancy of Leak Detection and signal description to ensure when generation the earliest or instruction are leaked.

Fig. 9 A is the side cross-sectional, view of assembly 950 comprising one or more detecting devices according to another kind of embodiment configuration of the present disclosure, indicator, sensor.Fig. 9 B is the zoomed-in view of the detail D of Fig. 9 A, and Fig. 9 C is the zoomed-in view of the details C of Fig. 9 A.Fig. 9 D is the decomposition view of the assembly 950 of Fig. 9 A.Associating is with reference to Fig. 9 A-9D, and assembly 950 comprises Multifunctional elastic deforming seal and positioning indicator 964, elastic body lip ring 960, lip ring support member 958 and lock ring 956.Illustratively, as shown in Fig. 9 A and 9D, lip ring 964 can be made up of relatively soft closed pore sponge polymer, before becoming another kind of cross section as shown in Figure 9 A, roughly becomes oval cross section shape.Annular groove is arranged in pipe 952, and to receive lock ring 956, lock ring can not be expanded by the constraint of the annular gland of nut 954 as shown in the figure.Seal support member 958 is against nut 954, to make and to actuate seal 960 to be out of shape against the annular gland of joint 962 and pipe 952 and to seal, with leak free sealing of giving security, even if this sealing is when support member 956 moves suitable axial distance as shown in the figure, still continue to play a role.

Positioning indicator 964 is provided for the mode of one or more preventive maintenance signals, and joint 962 from end cap 954 axial displacement, thus also causes sealing ring 960, support member 958 and/or pipe 952 axial displacement.State the zones of different that mode is included in positioning indicator 964 for providing the example of preventive maintenance signal and use the different texture of at least one or color.Such as, first area 970 and/or second area 972 can have different colours, and such as white is used for region 970, and red for region 972.Therefore, if visual inspection detects red by white on positioning indicator 964, then positioning indicator 964 providing leakage or other need signal or the instruction of preventive maintenance.

Small-sized, miniature or nanometric circuit is placed in the position 982 and 984 that other appropriate ways being used to indicate preventive maintenance signal are included in as shown in Figure 9 B.Early detection and the activation of one or more leakage integrator or concentrator 988,990 pairs of maintenance request or alarm signal provide signal to amplify.The Circuit activation that the circuit at 984 places can be powered by photoelectricity.Therefore, if in position 982 or 986, sensor circuit or detecting device detect that the initial stage leaks, then surround lighting or inquiry light source provide photoelectric power, with the circuit activating radio signal or serve as ring oscillator, to produce initial stage leakage signal, this signal be broadcasted or from detecting device by cordless such as radiowave or infrared ray stimulate inquire about.

According to further embodiment of the present disclosure, illustrate at position 966 and/or 968 place for the extra or back-up corner placing small-sized, miniature or nanometric circuit, described circuit can be activated by photoelectric circuit.Therefore, if sensor circuit or detecting device sense the initial stage and leak at position 966 and/or 968 place, then detecting device can send radio signal or trigger and participate in as the circuit of ring oscillator to produce initial stage leakage signal, this signal be broadcasted or by cordless such as radiowave or infrared ray magnetic pole inquire about.

Additional examples of composition of the present disclosure instructs and utilizes the surface-active substance quality detection initial stage to leak, to improve or to suppress to wish detection leakage or the area of other fluid properties or the soakage in region.In Fig. 9 D, such as, apply hydrophobic substance and/or hydrophilic substance to positioning indicator 964 (such as, O type ring), fluid concentrations can be provided by the diverse location on positioning indicator 964.These different concentration can be utilized to launch or otherwise produce caution signal according to the indicator that these embodiments configure.More particularly, with reference to the positioning indicator 964 of Fig. 9 D, hydrophobic substance can be applied to exterior equator region or bandage 970 place of positioning indicator 964, thus the initial stage that prevents at least in part leak molecular adhesion to bandage 970 (such as, bandage leaked molecule by the initial stage " soak ").In addition, hydrophobic substance can be applied to the remainder of the interior section 972 of the positioning indicator 964 surrounding bandage 970, thus impels interior section 972 to soak, and to allow much leakage concentration and signal, position occurs.In one embodiment, such as, respond hydrophilic soaking, outside bandage 970 and interior section 972 can provide color to change, release stink or flavor molecule, described malodor molecules or flavor molecule are more easily responded parts per billion (ppb) on hydrophilic detection surface or PPM concentration by the scent detector in sensor circuit 982 or 986 and detect, and/or provide the electricity or electro-optical signal that produce from positioning indicator.Understanding as person of ordinary skill in the relevant, positioning indicator 964 (or any other indicator disclosed in the literary composition) part with different soakage feature is not limited to the configuration shown in Fig. 9 D.

Another kind of embodiment of the present disclosure provides the hydrophobic ability of soaking being similar to the fine hair (or superficial makings of other types) covering peach, impels and soaks some regions and prevent or forbid soaking other regions.More particularly, indicator can comprise and has texture or treated surface, causes fluid (such as water) on some regions knot pearl or soaks, and preventing from soaking other regions, thus assembling abandoned fluid to soak adjacent area.In this way, indicator can use the fluid of gathering to utilize the initial stage of low concentration to leak molecule and produce maintenance signal.In the accompanying drawings, such as, in the surface treatment of 966,968 place's detecting devices, or the surface treatment on the positioning indicator 964 at 970 and/or 972 places, can comprise and there is the region that difference soaks feature.Such as, detecting device in certain embodiments, in these positions or sensor can comprise the hydrophobic point of contiguous hydrophilic point.In certain embodiments, such as, these regions can comprise thin transparent titanium dioxide film, and this film exposes or otherwise accepts ultraviolet inquiry light.In certain embodiments, utilize ultraviolet light to activate and provide soakage by alcohols, water and oil plant.Suitably activate titanium deoxid film, therefore can produce nanoscale field domain, wherein hydrocarbon molecules is adsorbed, to provide the soakage for water and aqueous solution, and adjacent area provides the soakage for oil plant or stock solution.Titanium dioxide film according to these embodiments can change, to produce reaction to concrete stimulation.Such as, titanium dioxide film can utilize nitrogen, silver, silicon or other semiconductor reinforcing agents to adulterate, thus reduction band gap, and will inquiry photoactivation customization at longer wavelength, thus the instruction providing the initial stage to leak and/or about the information of the described molecule type related to or other attributes of fluid.

The another kind of embodiment of sensor or detecting device disclosed in literary composition, detecting device can utilize kapillary wicking to carry out the interested fluid of concentrating portions.Such as, the detecting device configured according to embodiment of the present disclosure or sensor can comprise nanometer wicking structure, and this structure has the hole of tight spacing on the base material of such as silicon dioxide, titania and carbon.The leakage molecule of capillary wicking fluid, by accumulation or assemble them, for generating stronger signal.Such as, the fluid molecule of gathering can provide for light reflective, transmittance or absorbefacient enhancing, and the signal as characteristic type is distinguished, or alternatively strengthens anti-reflective, as the difference mode for realizing signal generation.Assemble or amplify the existence of detectable molecule, the very early stage instruction providing the initial stage to leak.In addition, intelligent inquire program includes leak rate trend and environmental baseline in consideration, makes security higher and ensure that the trust to system, described system storage and/or transmission high value, danger, offensive or tedious fluid.

The another kind application of " monitor " for preventive maintenance measure disclosed herein or " traffic police " indicator and sensor is after concrete composition fluid being detected or component, provides identification, checking and suitable action or alarm program.Such as, sensor disclosed in literary composition and detecting device can concrete compositions in test fluid, the key component in the pharmaceutical formulation such as authorized, or on the contrary, potentially harmful substance, the aflatoxin in such as fluid media (medium), mycotoxin or ochracin.In this case, the UV, visible ray and/or the IR signal that produce by comparing transmitter 974 place carry out the fluid that monitoring tube 592 transmits, and this signal is launched into reader 980, reader comprises small-sized, miniature or nanometer radio transceiver, to provide suitable function command or alarm.Transmitter 978 and transmitter 980 can be carried by assembly 950.In certain embodiments, one or more optical fiber components or photoconductive tube 974,976,977 can launch enquiry frequency between transmitter 978 and transceiver 980.Photoconductive tube 974,976,977 can comprise selected surfacing, and described material has known refraction coefficient and/or other optical properties, produces signal by monitored specific molecular in adhesion or fluid-absorbent.The comparative analysis of optical properties rate of change, for the monitored molecular conecentration in the fluid media (medium) accepting to monitor, provides and analyzes or infer.Many different selective surfaces can be arranged on diverse location place or independent optical fiber components 974,976,977.In some instances, the fluid that conduit 952 is carried can be slowed down by valve such as 951 (Fig. 9 F) or stop, and strengthens for the signal of monitored material to provide the time.In photoconductive tube 974,976,977, be used as the comparison of the dispersal pattern of the selected radiation frequency of request signal, decay, enhancing or reinforcement, allow to provide identification, checking and suitable action or alert program.

Fig. 9 C is the amplification side cross-sectional view of the tubular system 971 carried by assembly 950 shown in Fig. 9 A, and Fig. 9 E is the side cross-sectional, view of tubular system 971, and Fig. 9 F is the schematic diagram of detecting device 950 environment for use configured according to embodiment of the present disclosure.Associating is with reference to Fig. 9 C, 9E and 9F, in another kind of embodiment, fluid sample in conduit 952 is introduced in tubular system 971, this system comprises the kapillary 971,973,975,989,979,981 etc. of selection, there is various surface treatment, geometry mechanism, shape and yardstick, as Fig. 9 C shows in detail.From fluid such as water, milk or soya-bean milk after the isolation of these kapillaries 971,973,975,989,979,981, concrete interested molecule is identified selectively by proper method, such as favourable or disadvantageous reagent, comprise such as toxicological analysis thing race, described proper method is United States Patent (USP) 4 such as, 859,611,4,181,853,5,178,832 or U.S. Patent application No.10/245, method disclosed in 758, the every portion of these patent documents is all included in herein by quoting in full.Isolate in circulation and indicate between monitored material or molecule, by introducing suitable washing agent and/or utilizing hydrogen and/or oxygen expulsion, kapillary 971,973,975,989,979,981 can be removed.Such as, according to the tendency about monitored material, described hydrogen and/or oxygen can be produced by small electrolytic pond 961 or be produced by large-scale electrolysis pond or provided by another memory device, and described memory device provides pressurized hydrogen and/or oxygen to kapillary 971,973,975,989,979,981.

Fig. 9 C shows the amplification cross section of tubular system 971, illustrated therein is the kapillary 971,973,975,989,979,981 of various sizes and shape.Fig. 9 E shows the longitudinal cross-section of the tubulose encapsulating structure of system 971, and comprises the test procedure that optoelectronic semiconductor 957 or some other suitable power supplys implement for system 971 and power.In system 971, fluid sample in kapillary 971,973,975,989,979,981 according to selected materials, size, geometry with viscosity, surface tension and the soakage and different distance of advancing that the coating on kapillary 971,973,975,989,979,981 produces may be applied to.One or more detecting device 967 such as photoelectricity optical pickup and/or sensor, can contact sample fluid with identify and by radio communication to controller 953 (Fig. 9 F) report, described controller comprises wireless relay or transponder, for generation of suitable alarm, fail-safe activity or authorization information.

Have in the example of advantage in acceleration removing 971,973,975,989,979,981, such as, as a part for automatic anti-fault monitoring Rapid Circulation, the potpourri of hydrogen and oxygen can be produced by electrolytic cell 961, light by applying spark plasma at 963 places, and burning raises to provide pressure fast and rinses kapillary 971,973,975,989,979,981.This potpourri can be provided by the anode and negative electrode output mixing electrolytic cell 961, or the voltage being applied to electrolytic cell 961 electrode by reversing is so that alternately generation hydrogen and oxygen provide.In this voltage reversal process, control event and current amplitude, provide the control to oxygen and hydrogen ratio in the potpourri formed.In addition, in kapillary 971,973,975,989,979,981 cleaning operation, utilize barrier film 959 to isolate one of them electrode to separate out in cleaning operation, the voltage and current of this accidental reversion is allowed to be applied to another electrode 965, to provide hydrogen or oxygen is stoichiometric or the potpourri of enrichment, object be such as reduce peak combustion temperatures, neutral current be provided, the oxidation stream of oxygen concentration or the reduction stream of hydrogen-rich, for concrete clean-up performance.

If the stoichiometric potpourri burning more or less of hydrogen and oxygen, then can form a small amount of water and be discharged and condensation in the fluid of major part in conduit 952, and owing to producing in the kapillary 971,973,975,989,979,981 of Phase change shrinkage after removing and causing the vacuum of volumetric contraction, then provide and reload monitored sample of material fast.Be retained at oxygen in the example in kapillary, can hydrogen be produced and with these oxygen mix to form air-flow.If hydrogen is retained in kapillary, then can produces oxygen and mix with these hydrogen to form air-flow in a program to make test loop standardization or normalization.

With reference to Fig. 9 F, the figure illustrate compressor reducer or pump 971, conduit 952, informing against connects indicator 950, controller 953, valve 951 and carry to gatherer 969.In the illustrated embodiment, if detecting device or sensor 950 instruction flow through any other attribute of the leakage peak concentration of conduit 952, undesirable material or fluid, then detecting device 950 can produce alarm, to make the flowing flowing through conduit 952 be stopped by valve 951 or to be diverted in collecting duct, as shown in fig. 9f.In certain embodiments, indicator 950 wirelessly can transmit or alarm to controller.Be different objects like this, comprise elimination, later stage reference and/or validity test, provide protection and/or sample collection.

Figure 10 is the schematic diagram of the fluid conduit system 1094 configured according to embodiment of the present disclosure.In the illustrated embodiment, system 1094 comprises many fluid transfer conduit 1098 utilizing corresponding adapter assembly 1096 to be engaged with each other.Adapter assembly 1096 also can terminate at the end of conduit 1098.Connecting assembly 1096 and can roughly be similar to above with reference to connecting assembly and associated components described in Fig. 7 A-9F in diagram system 1094, and/or comprise any feature of the part embodiment of informing against described in literary composition.Such as, connect assembly 1096 and can comprise the convex web member having and keep feature, described maintenance feature engages the corresponding engagement features of recessed web member rotatably.According to another feature of diagram system 1094, conduit 1098 can be roughly straight or bending conduit.Such as, roughly straight conduit 1098 can comprise hard drawn pipe or pipeline, and bending conduit 1098 can comprise annealing or soft pipe or pipeline, or other flexural mode conduits.The conduit 1098 of illustrated embodiment can be configured to be applicable to transmitting or transporting various types of fluid (such as, liquid, gas etc.), for transmitting cable or circuit, or for usually using any other application of conduit.In addition, conduit 1098 can be made with metal, plastics or other any suitable materials.

Figure 11 is the schematic diagram of the Blast Furnace Top Gas Recovery Turbine Unit (TRT) 1100 configured according to embodiment of the present disclosure.Display as exemplary in Figure 11, (namely this device comprises the various sensors that configure according to embodiment of the present disclosure, be configured to collect target sample, detection or evaluating objects sample attribute, report analysis or detect the sensor indicating and/or remove target sample), and described sensor can combine to provide the quality control of overall system and composition to ensure.Such as, sensors A-H can each position in entire spectrum energy resource system by disturbance, described entire spectrum energy resource system is submitted to such as on August 27th, 2009, the U.S. Provisional Patent Application No.61/237 that is entitled as " Full Spectrum Energy ", disclosed in 479, this patented claim is included in herein by quoting in full.As shown in figure 11, sensors A-H can by central control unit 1101 remote monitoring and control.According to a kind of embodiment, sensors A-H can monitor following system features: sensors A monitoring increases the working fluid feature (temperature, gas/liquid state, fluid composition etc.) of the position of the sun power calorifics equipment of solar heat to hydrogen donor; Sensor B monitors the working fluid feature (temperature, gas/liquid state, chemical content etc.) of the working fluid of hot memory, inflow and outflow ground; Sensor C monitoring enters the working fluid feature (temperature, humidity etc.) of system; Sensor D monitors the working fluid feature (temperature/energy etc.) at heat exchanger place; Sensor E monitors the working fluid feature in the exhaust gases of internal combustion engines stream at insulation offgas duct place; Sensor F comprises the multiple sensors being positioned at electrolytic cell, monitoring characteristic of fluid (temperature, gas/liquid state, fluid composition, chemical content etc.); Sensor G monitors the working fluid feature (temperature/energy, humidity etc.) in the upwards exhaust manifolds of turbine location; And sensor H monitors the working fluid feature (temperature, humidity, gas content etc.) in agriculture micro climate.

Figure 12 shows the another kind of environment or network system 1200 that comprise sensor disclosed herein.As shown in figure 12, sensor can relate to for the cask 1202 of truck, railway, Shipping etc. chemical monitoring and safety follow the tracks of.Such as, sensor can monitor the transport and communications mode for drugs, hazardous material, and/or other attributes of transported material.In addition, sensor can be positioned on various international transport container and/or means of transport all sidedly, comprises such as continental rise (such as, truck, railway etc.), ocean and/or air vehicles.According to a kind of embodiment, system 100 can comprise sensors A, and sensors A can be positioned in the wall 1201 of cask visibly or invisibly.If if be tampered or its state complete, then sensors A can be signaled.Sensors A also can keep the door record how long opening once and when open in distinctiveness ground, and if object content thing removed, then provide instruction.Object content thing can stamp chemical tags, corresponding chemical tags can be detected to make only sensors A.According to an aspect, sensors A also can identify whether people smuggling occurs.As an alternative, sensors A can identify whether to transport drugs.Sensor B to show when door 1204 is in the close position the sensor of location close to door 1204, and when door is opened and destroys seal, correspondingly as real-time anti-tamper report.Sensor C shows the sensor at the seal place being positioned at door 1204, and such as when door is opened and destroys seal, as real-time anti-tamper report.Sensor D shows the sensor of the intersection being positioned at haulage truck 1206 (railcar, sea or boat-carrying transport etc.) and container 1200.If seal is destroyed, then sensor D can correspondingly real-time report, and if container 1202 be exposed to any outside dangerous, carry out chemical sensing and real-time report.

Figure 13 shows according to disclosed and be included in jointly pending application electrolytic cell herein by quoting above, has at least one according to sensor of the present disclosure.In the illustrated embodiment, such as, electrolytic cell 1300 can comprise sensors A, and sensors A is positioned at outside container 1302, monitoring first fluid web member 1304; Sensor B, sensor B are positioned at inside container 1302, for monitoring the electrolyte stream of the upper part entering container; Sensor C, sensor C are positioned at outside container 1302, for monitoring the second web member 1306; With sensor D, sensor D is positioned at inside container 1302, divides the electrolyte stream flowed away from container for monitoring at lower vessel portion.

In operation, sensors A and C are web member sensors, and the fluid noticed under high pressure leaks, the early warning leaked to provide the initial stage.Therefore, sensors A and C may be used for the integrality of monitoring high-pressure system.Sensor B and D can be fluid sensor (such as, the sensor for liquid and/or gas), and this sensor is monitored the chemical content of each position in electrolytic vessel distinctively and provided feedback.Although schematically show only 4 sensors in fig. 13, in a further embodiment, electrolytic cell 1300 can comprise the sensor of more than 4 of each position be positioned on container 1302 inner side and outer side.

Be similar to the above embodiment with reference to described in Figure 13, in extra embodiment, sensor can networking or be otherwise positioned at processing line all sidedly or manufacture on line, with the integrality of Monitoring Line or system.Such as, the sensor of networking can be positioned in each suitable processing circuitry all sidedly, comprises such as chemical treatment circuit, medicine processing circuitry, gas processing circuit or pipeline, water or other fluid treatment circuits.In addition, chemistry supervision in these and other systems and/or identification, can combining wireless radio frequency identification (RFID) system, GPS (GPS) and/or inertia tracker, to provide safety that is reliable and that be reinforced and tracker.

Any following example can be comprised according to additional system, assembly, method, parts and other features that embodiment of the present disclosure configures.Example instructs and a kind ofly connects assembly for what be connected to catheter end portion, described in connect assembly and comprise: the first component being configured to receive the described end sections of described conduit; Operationally be couple to the second component of described first component, wherein said second component engages described first component thus remains in described first component by the described end sections of described conduit; With by described first and second parts at least one of them indicator carried, wherein said indicator provides the retrievable instruction in outside about connecting the information of the fluid of assembly described in flowing through.

Connect in assembly described, described indicator can be the first leakage indicator, and described in connect assembly may further include be positioned at described in connect multiple leakage indicators of diverse location on assembly.And described first leakage indicator can provide the instruction of the first type, the instruction of the first type described is different from the instruction of the second type provided by the second leakage indicator.In addition, when described first component receives the described end sections of described conduit, described indicator can be positioned to the outer surface of the described end sections contacting described conduit.In addition, described indicator can be configured to described in fluid contact during indicator, with flow through described in connect the fluid generation chemical reaction of assembly.In certain embodiments, the instruction of described information can comprise the vision instruction of fluid leakage, from described indicator releasing liquid.Described liquid can have the first color, described first color be different from flow through described in connect the second color of the fluid of assembly.In addition, described indicator can with flow through described in connect assembly fluid react, indicate to provide described vision.In addition, the instruction of described information can comprise the vision instruction discharged by described indicator, the smell that sent by described indicator and the radio signal of being launched by described indicator one of them is planted.The instruction of described information can also respond one of them kind of visible radiation, ultraviolet radiation and microwave connecting assembly described in sensing, and/or comprises the radio signal sent by described indicator.Described radio signal can respond the electric capacity of the leakage detector that the fluid that connects assembly described in flowing through causes, resistance and one of them change of planting of magnetic field and provide.In addition, described indicator can comprise the circuit being configured to sense fluid leakage, and the instruction that wherein said fluid leaks comprises the radio signal sent by the described circuit of described indicator.And, described in connect assembly and may further include the power supply being operationally couple to described detecting device.Described power supply can be the photovoltaic power source connecting the external drive of assembly described in response is pointed to.In addition, the instruction of described information can comprise the signal sent by described indicator, and wherein said signal comprises about leakage amount of fluid, connects module position, one of them information of fluid incident of leakage.Described indicator may further include hydrophobic part and hydrophilic segment, and described conduit can be configured to transmit water, and the described hydrophilic segment of described leakage detector can assemble the part water contacting described indicator, to amplify the existence of water on described leakage detector.In addition, described detecting device comprise titania at least partially, and be configured to assemble the capillary module of fluid at least partially.

In further embodiments, connect assembly can comprise: the first component being configured to the part receiving fluid transfer conduit; Be configured to engage described first component and be fixed tightly in second component in described first component to make the described part of described conduit, wherein said second component is aimed at described first component axis; And the seal to engage with described first and second components, wherein said seal provides described first component to indicate relative to the vision of the axial location of described second component.Described seal can comprise the ring be positioned between described first and second components, and described ring can comprise with the Part I of the first color with the Part II of the second color being different from the first color.In addition, described Part I can be positioned at the outside herring bone region extended around described ring circumference, and described Part II can roughly surround described Part I.And, when described first component is in the first axial location relative to described second component, only have described first color visible, and when described first component deviate from described second component separate from described first axial location time, both the first and second colors are all visible.In addition, when described first component is in the link position of Fluid Sealing relative to described second component, only have the first color visible, and when described first component is positioned at the link position of not fluid tight relative to described second component, the first and second colors are all visible.In addition, the described assembly that connects may further include by described first and second parts at least one of them leakage detector carried, if wherein the contact of described leakage detector flow through described in connect the fluid of assembly, then described leakage detector provides from the described instruction connecting component leakage.Described leak instruction can comprise response with flow through described in connect assembly fluid contact and from the described dyeing liquid connecting assembly and discharge.In addition, described leakage detector can react with the fluid flowing through described assembly, and changes the color of the fluid contacted with described leakage detector.Described leakage instruction can also comprise the radio signal of launching from described leakage detector.Described leakage indicator can also respond the stimulation pointing to described leakage detector.Described stimulation can comprise visible radiation, ultraviolet radiation and microwave, and one of them is planted.In addition, described seal can comprise the first seal, and described in connect assembly and may further include: from axially spaced second seal of described first seal; Be positioned adjacent to and contact the seal supporting member of described second seal; With by described first and second components at least one of them leakage detector carried, wherein said leakage indicator is configured to provide the instruction from connecting the fluid of assembly through described second seal and leaking.

Judge that the method connecting the commitment leaked in assembly can comprise: the conduit being provided for transmitting fluid; Assembly will be connected and be connected to described conduit, the wherein said assembly that connects comprises the first component being couple to described conduit, be configured to engage described first component thus described conduit is remained on the second component in described first component, and by described first and second parts at least one of them leakage detector carried; With allow fluid flow through described conduit and describedly to connect assembly, if wherein leakage indicator described in described fluid contact, then described leakage detector response is leaked from the described fluid connecting assembly and provides warning.Described method can also comprise: while allowing fluid flow through described conduit, provide stimulation to described leakage detector.There is provided stimulation to comprise and send one of them kind of visible radiation, ultraviolet radiation and microwave to described leakage indicator, and described warning is amplified in wherein said stimulation.In addition, described warning can comprise the vision instruction that fluid leaks.The described assembly that connects to be connected with described fluid detector and to may further include: provide by the described sensor circuit connecting assembly and carry, and wherein said warning comprises the radio signal of being launched by described sensor circuit.

The another kind of embodiment of fluid conduit system can comprise: be configured to the first conduit transmitting fluid; Be disposed for the second conduit transmitting this fluid; Described second conduit is used for transmitting between which fluid connects assembly with being configured to described first conduit to be couple to, and the wherein said assembly that connects comprises: be configured to be connected to described first and second conduits at least one of them first component; The second component carried by described first component, wherein said second component engages described first component thus keeps at least the first and second conduits; With by described first and second parts at least one of them leakage indicator carried, if wherein fluid connects component leakage described between described first and second conduits, then described leakage indicator provides warning.Described first component can be the main body of the first end part with the second end part vis-a-vis, and described first end part is couple to described first conduit, and described the second end part is couple to described second conduit; And described second component can be sleeve pipe, described sleeve pipe is aimed at described main body and is arranged on one of them at least one region of described first and second end sections.Described leakage indicator can be positioned to contact described first and second conduits at least one of them.In addition, described warning can comprise and connects the instruction of component external retrievable vision from described.In extra embodiment, described warning comprises from the described radio signal connecting assembly and launch, thus gives the alarm to described fluid leakage.And described warning can respond the inquiry pointing to described fluid conduit systems assembly to stimulate and is received.Described inquiry stimulation can comprise visible radiation, ultraviolet radiation, microwave, infrared radiation and radio signal, and one of them is planted.In addition, described first and second conduits can be first group of conduits, and described in connect assembly can be associate with corresponding first group of conduit first connect assembly, and described fluid conduit system may further include: the many groups conduit being roughly similar to described first group of conduit; Connect assembly with multiple, wherein each assembly that connects roughly is similar to described first and connects assembly, and wherein each connects assembly and associates with corresponding one group of conduit.

From foregoing teachings, should be appreciated that the object that specific embodiments of the invention have been stated in order to example is described, but under prerequisite without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, various change can be made.Therefore, except being limited by subsidiary claims, the present invention is not restricted.

When previously not by reference and be included in herein, the application comprises the every a subject content of following material by quoting in full: procurator's document No.69545-8601.US00 that February 14 in 2011, body was submitted to, that be entitled as " CHEMICAL PROCESSES AND REACTORS FOR EFFICIENTLYPRODUCING HYDROGEN FUELS AND STRUCTURAL MATERIALS, AND ASSOCIATED SYSTEMS AND METHODS "; Procurator's document No.69545-8602.US00 that on February 14th, 2011 submits to, that be entitled as " REACTOR VESSELSWITH TRANSMISSIVE SURFACES FOR PRODUCINGHYDROGEN-BASED FUELS AND STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS, ANDASSOCIATED SYSTEMS AND METHODS "; Procurator's document No.69545-8603.US00 that on February 14th, 2011 submits to, that be entitled as " CHEMICAL REACTORSWITH RE-RADI ATING SURFACES AND ASSOCIATED SYSTEMS ANDMETHODS "; Procurator's document No.69545-8604.US00 that on February 14th, 2011 submits to, that be entitled as " THERMAL TRANSFER DEVICE AND ASSOCIATED SYSTEMSAND METHODS "; Procurator's document No.69545-8605.US00 that on February 14th, 2011 submits to, that be entitled as " CHEMICAL REACTORS WITH ANNULARLYPOSITIONED DELIVERY AND REMOVAL DEVICES, AND ASSOCIATEDSYSTEMS AND METHODS "; Procurator's document No.69545-8606.US00 that on February 14th, 2011 submits to, that be entitled as " REACTORS FOR CONDUCTINGTHERMOCHEMICAL PROCES SES WITH SOLAR HEAT INPUT, ANDASSOCIATED SYSTEMS AND METHODS "; Procurator's document No.69545-8608.US00 that on February 14th, 2011 submits to, that be entitled as " INDUCTION FORTHERMOCHEMICAL PROCESS, AND ASSOCIATED SYSTEMS ANDMETHODS "; Procurator's document No.69545-8611.US00 that on February 14th, 2011 submits to, that be entitled as " COUPLED THERMOCHEMICAL REACTORS AND ENGINES, AND ASSOCIATED SYSTEMS AND METHODS "; U.S. Patent application No.61/385 that on September 22nd, 2010 submits to, that be entitled as " REDUCING ANDHARVESTING DRAG ENERGY ON MOBILE ENGINES USINGTHERMAL CHEMICAL REGENERATION ", 508; Procurator's document No.69545-8616.US00 that on February 14th, 2011 submits to, that be entitled as " REACTOR VESSELS WITHPRESSURE AND HEAT TRANSFER FEATURES FOR PRODUCINGHYDROGEN-BASED FUELS AND STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS, ANDASSOCIATED SYSTEMS AND METHODS "; Procurator's document No.69545-8701.US00 that submit to on February 14th, 2011, that be entitled as " ARCHITECTURALCONSTRUCT HAVING FOR EXAMPLE A PLURALITY OFARCHITECTURAL CRYSTALS ".

Claims

1., for detecting a method for target sample existence and/or attribute, described method comprises:

Applicator is utilized to collect the target sample of microcosmic part selectively, described applicator is made up of the structure comprising isolated layer, and showing particular community, the described particular community of wherein said structure structure is for determining that described applicator collects the part of described target sample;

Described applicator is utilized to detect following at least one item:

The existence of target sample in described applicator of described microcosmic part; Or

One or more attributes of the target sample of described microcosmic part;

The instruction of the detection of one or more attributes described in the target sample reporting described microcosmic part from described applicator; With

The target sample of described microcosmic part is removed at least in part from described applicator.

2. the method for claim 1, wherein said isolated layer is that crystal matrix characterizes the bed of material.

3. method as claimed in claim 2, the target sample wherein collecting described microcosmic part selectively comprises following at least one item:

The corresponding bed of material constructed by described structure filters the individual molecule of described target sample;

The individual molecule of described target sample is absorbed between the corresponding bed of material that described structure constructs;

The target sample of described microcosmic part is reflected between the corresponding bed of material that described structure constructs;

Between the corresponding bed of material that described structure constructs, utilize capillary action to extract the target sample of described microcosmic part; With

To induct pressure gradient, between the corresponding bed of material that described pressure gradient constructs in described structure at least in part, actuate the target sample of described microcosmic part.

4. method as claimed in claim 2, wherein utilizes described applicator to detect and comprises following at least one item:

The loading speed of target sample of described part between the corresponding bed of material sensing described structure structure;

The loading degree of depth of target sample of described part between the corresponding bed of material sensing described structure structure;

Between the corresponding bed of material sensing described structure structure the transmittance of target sample of described part, reflectivity and refractivity one of them; With

The wavelength shift of target sample of described part between the corresponding bed of material sensing described structure structure.

5. the method for claim 1, wherein report that the instruction of the detection of one or more attributes of the target sample of described part comprises:

Utilize nanometer radio transmission radio signal;

Generation current;

Response is provided for request signal; With

Signal is provided to the independent gatherer part in the network of gatherer part.

6. method as claimed in claim 2, the target sample wherein removing described part at least in part comprises: utilize the method same with the target sample collecting described part selectively to remove the target sample of described part at least in part.

7. the method for claim 1, wherein said applicator is the first applicator in the network of multiple applicator, and wherein said method comprise further utilize multiple single applicator to implement to collect, detect, report and removal step.

8. the method for claim 1, comprises further: analyze one or more attributes of described microcosmic part to determine one or more individual features of described target sample.

9. a method, comprising:

Independently sensing part is utilized to collect the target sample of microcosmic part selectively, described sensing part is made up of the structure comprising isolated layer, and showing particular community, the described particular community of wherein said structure structure is for determining that described sensing part collects the part of described target sample;

At least one attribute of the target sample of the microcosmic part utilizing described sensing part automatically to sense to be collected; With

The retrievable instruction in real-time outside of described at least one attribute is provided from described sensing part.

10. method as claimed in claim 9, wherein senses at least one attribute of described microcosmic part, comprising:

Detect the existence of the target sample of described microcosmic part; Or

Analyze one or more material properties of described target sample.

11. methods as claimed in claim 9, comprise further: remove described target sample and cyclically repeat described collection, sensing and provide outside retrievable instruction at least partially from described sensing part.

12. methods as claimed in claim 9, wherein collect microcosmic part to comprise: the described target sample collecting the part of molecular dimension, and wherein sensing at least one attribute comprises: from the described target sample sensing at least one attribute of the part of described molecular dimension.

13. methods as claimed in claim 9, wherein collect microcosmic part and comprise: accumulation enough senses the described target sample of the scheduled volume of the described at least one attribute of described target sample.

14. methods as claimed in claim 9, the sample wherein collecting microcosmic part comprises: the sample collecting microcosmic part at least one in following environment or system: quality assurance, preventive maintenance, safety and warning against danger, Homeland Security and chemistry supervision.

15. 1 kinds of systems, comprising:

For collecting the applicator of the target sample of part selectively, wherein said part is the microcosmic part for the size of described target sample, wherein said applicator is made up of the structure comprising isolated layer, and showing particular community, the described particular community of wherein said structure structure is for determining that described applicator collects the part of described target sample;

For automatically detecting the device of the existence of one or more attributes of the target sample of the part be collected;

For microcosmic part described in automatic analysis target sample described in the device of one or more attributes; With

For reporting the device of the instantaneous instruction of the analysis of one or more attributes described in described target sample.

16. systems as claimed in claim 15, comprise further: for removing the device of the target sample of described part from described applicator.

17. systems as claimed in claim 15, wherein said applicator, for automatically detect device, for the device of automatic analysis be the part of first sensor for each in the device reported, and wherein said system comprises further:

Multiple sensor, each sensor has the feature identical with described first sensor; With

Be configured to the controller with at least one sensor communication in described sensor.

18. systems as claimed in claim 17, wherein said multiple sensor is distributed in the following environment of at least one all sidedly: public transportation system; Supply water or water distribution system; Food production, packaging or transportation system; Natural gas line compartment system; Medical delivery system; And/or chemical or medicine manufacturing system.

19. systems as claimed in claim 15, wherein said isolated layer is that crystal matrix characterizes the bed of material.

20. systems as claimed in claim 15, wherein said applicator comprises: for accumulating the device of the described target sample of the part of one or more independent molecular dimension.