CN102904060B - Artificial composite material and artificial composite material antenna - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to an artificial composite material and an artificial composite material antenna. The artificial composite material is characterized in that the artificial composite material is divided into a plurality of regions; electromagnetic waves enter a first surface of the artificial composite material and exit from a second surface opposite to the first surface; the intersection part of an i<th> region and the first surface is the bottom surface of the i<th> region; the intersection part of the i<th> region and the second surface is the top surface of the i<th> region; supposed the included angle between a line connecting a radiation source with a point on the bottom surface of the i<th> region and a straight line vertical to the artificial composite material is theta, and the included angle theta uniquely corresponds to a curved surface in the i<th> region; the set of the points with the same included angle theta on the bottom surface of the i<th> region forms the boundary of the curved surface to which the included angle theta uniquely corresponds; the refractive indexes of all parts on the curved surface to which the included angle theta uniquely corresponds are the same; the generatrix of the curved surface is a parabolic arc; and the refractive index of each region gradually decreases with the increase of the included angle theta. The artificial composite material and the artificial composite material antenna have the following beneficial effects: the jump of the refractive indexes of the artificial composite material is designed into the shape of a curved surface, thus reducing the refraction, diffraction and reflection effects in jump positions.

Description

Artificial composite material and manual composite material antenna

Technical field

The present invention relates to electromagnetic arts, more particularly, relate to artificial composite material and manual composite material antenna.

Background technology

In the optics of routine, spherical wave that the point-source of light in lens focus gives off becomes plane wave after lens reflection to utilize lens can make to be positioned at.The convergence of current lens relies on the refraction of the spherical shape of lens to realize, and as shown in Figure 1, the spherical wave that radiator 30 sends penetrates with plane wave after spherical lens 40 converge.Inventor, in enforcement process of the present invention, finds that lens antenna at least exists following technical problem: the volume of sphere lens 40 is large and heavy, is unfavorable for miniaturized use; Sphere lens 40 has very large dependence for shape, needs the direction propagation that more precisely could realize antenna; Reflection of electromagnetic wave interference and loss ratio are comparatively serious, and electromagnetic energy reduces.And the saltus step of the refractive index of most lens is simple and perpendicular to the straight line of lens surface along one, causes electromagnetic wave comparatively large through the refraction of lens, diffraction and reflection, have a strong impact on lens performance.

Summary of the invention

The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is, the defect comparatively large for the above-mentioned refraction of prior art, diffraction and reflection, lens performance is poor, provides a kind of high performance artificial composite material and manual composite material antenna.

The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is: construct a kind of artificial composite material, and described artificial composite material is divided into multiple region; Electromagnetic wave incident to described artificial composite material first surface and penetrate at the second surface relative with described first surface;

The common factor part of the i-th region and described first surface is the bottom surface in the i-th region, and the common factor part of the i-th region and described second surface is the end face in the i-th region; If on radiation source and described i-th bottom surface, region any line and perpendicular to artificial composite material straight line between angle be θ, the curved surface of angle theta uniquely in corresponding i-th region, the set the i-th bottom surface, region with the point of identical angle theta forms the border of the unique corresponding curved surface of angle theta; And the refractive index of everywhere is all identical on the unique corresponding curved surface of angle theta, the bus of described curved surface is parabolic arc; The refractive index in each region reduces gradually along with the increase of angle theta.

In artificial composite material of the present invention, if on radiation source and the i-th bottom surface, region excircle any line and perpendicular to artificial composite material straight line between angle be θ _i, i is positive integer and less the closer to the i that the region at artificial composite material center is corresponding; Wherein, angle theta _ithe arc length of the bus of corresponding curved surface is c (θ _i), arc length c (θ _i) and angle theta _imeet following formula:

$c\left({\mathrm{\&theta;}}_i\right)=\frac{\mathrm{\&lambda;}}{n_{\max (i+1)}-n_{\min \left(i\right)}};$

<math><math display = 'block'> <mrow> <mi>s</mi> <mo>&amp;times;</mo> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mrow> <mi>cos</mi> <msub> <mi>&amp;theta;</mi> <mi>i</mi> </msub> </mrow> </mfrac> <mo>&amp;minus;</mo> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mrow> <mi>cos</mi> <msub> <mi>&amp;theta;</mi> <mrow> <mi>i</mi> <mo>&amp;minus;</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </mfrac> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mi>c</mi> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <msub> <mi>&amp;theta;</mi> <mrow> <mi>i</mi> <mo>&amp;minus;</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <msub> <mi>n</mi> <mrow> <mi>max</mi> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mi>i</mi> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </msub> <mo>&amp;minus;</mo> <mi>c</mi> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <msub> <mi>&amp;theta;</mi> <mi>i</mi> </msub> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <msub> <mi>n</mi> <mrow> <mi>min</mi> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mi>i</mi> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </msub> <mo>;</mo> </mrow></math>

Wherein, θ ₀=0, c (θ ₀)=d; S is the distance of described radiation source to described artificial composite material; D is the thickness of described artificial composite material; λ is electromagnetic wavelength, n _{max (i)}, n _{min (i)}be respectively largest refractive index and the minimum refractive index in the i-th region, n _{max (i+1)}it is the largest refractive index in the i-th+1 region.

In artificial composite material of the present invention, the largest refractive index in adjacent two regions and minimum refractive index meet: n _{max (i)}-n _{min (i)}=n _{max (i+1)}-n _{min (i+1)}.

In artificial composite material of the present invention, the refractive index in the i-th region meets:

$n_i\left(\mathrm{\&theta;}\right)=\frac{1}{c\left(\mathrm{\&theta;}\right)}(n_{\max \left(i\right)}\&times;d+s-\frac{s}{\cos \mathrm{\&theta;}});$

Wherein, d is the thickness of described artificial composite material; θ be on radiation source and the i-th bottom surface, region any line and perpendicular to artificial composite material straight line between angle, c (θ) is the arc length of the bus of curved surface corresponding to angle theta.

In artificial composite material of the present invention, arc length c (θ) meets following formula:

$c\left(\mathrm{\&theta;}\right)=\frac{d}{2}[\frac{\log \left(\right|\tan \mathrm{\&theta;}|+\sqrt{1+{\tan }^2\mathrm{\&theta;}})+\mathrm{\&delta;}}{\left|\tan \mathrm{\&theta;}\right|+\mathrm{\&delta;}}+\sqrt{1+{\tan }^2\mathrm{\&theta;}}];$

Wherein, δ is for presetting decimal.

In artificial composite material of the present invention, with through the center of described artificial composite material first surface and perpendicular to the straight line of described artificial composite material for axis of abscissas, to be parallel to the straight line of described first surface for axis of ordinates through the center of described artificial composite material first surface, the parabolic equation at described parabolic arc place is:

$y\left(x\right)=\tan \mathrm{\&theta;}(-\frac{1}{2d}{x}^2+x+s).$

The present invention also provides a kind of manual composite material antenna, comprises artificial composite material and is arranged on the radiation source in described artificial composite material focus; Described artificial composite material is divided into multiple region; Electromagnetic wave incident to described artificial composite material first surface and penetrate at the second surface relative with described first surface;

The common factor part of the i-th region and described first surface is the bottom surface in the i-th region, and the common factor part of the i-th region and described second surface is the end face in the i-th region; If on radiation source and described i-th bottom surface, region any line and perpendicular to artificial composite material straight line between angle be θ, the curved surface of angle theta uniquely in corresponding i-th region, the set the i-th bottom surface, region with the point of identical angle theta forms the border of the unique corresponding curved surface of angle theta; And the refractive index of everywhere is all identical on the unique corresponding curved surface of angle theta, the bus of described curved surface is parabolic arc; The refractive index in each region reduces gradually along with the increase of angle theta.

In manual composite material antenna of the present invention, if on radiation source and the i-th bottom surface, region excircle any line and perpendicular to artificial composite material straight line between angle be θ _i, i is positive integer and less the closer to the i that the region at artificial composite material center is corresponding; Wherein, angle theta _ithe arc length of the bus of corresponding curved surface is c (θ _i), arc length c (θ _i) and angle theta _imeet following formula:

$c\left({\mathrm{\&theta;}}_i\right)=\frac{\mathrm{\&lambda;}}{n_{\max (i+1)}-n_{\min \left(i\right)}};$

<math><math display = 'block'> <mrow> <mi>s</mi> <mo>&amp;times;</mo> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mrow> <mi>cos</mi> <msub> <mi>&amp;theta;</mi> <mi>i</mi> </msub> </mrow> </mfrac> <mo>&amp;minus;</mo> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mrow> <mi>cos</mi> <msub> <mi>&amp;theta;</mi> <mrow> <mi>i</mi> <mo>&amp;minus;</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </mfrac> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mi>c</mi> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <msub> <mi>&amp;theta;</mi> <mrow> <mi>i</mi> <mo>&amp;minus;</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <msub> <mi>n</mi> <mrow> <mi>max</mi> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mi>i</mi> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </msub> <mo>&amp;minus;</mo> <mi>c</mi> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <msub> <mi>&amp;theta;</mi> <mi>i</mi> </msub> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <msub> <mi>n</mi> <mrow> <mi>min</mi> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mi>i</mi> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </msub> <mo>;</mo> </mrow></math>

Wherein, θ ₀=0, c (θ ₀)=d; S is the distance of described radiation source to described artificial composite material; D is the thickness of described artificial composite material; λ is electromagnetic wavelength; n _{max (i)}, n _{min (i)}be respectively largest refractive index and the minimum refractive index in the i-th region, n _{max (i+1)}it is the largest refractive index in the i-th+1 region.

In manual composite material antenna of the present invention, the largest refractive index in adjacent two regions and minimum refractive index meet: n _{max (i)}-n _{min (i)}=n _{max (i+1)}-n _{min (i+1)}.

In manual composite material antenna of the present invention, the refractive index in the i-th region meets:

$n_i\left(\mathrm{\&theta;}\right)=\frac{1}{c\left(\mathrm{\&theta;}\right)}(n_{\max \left(i\right)}\&times;d+s-\frac{s}{\cos \mathrm{\&theta;}});$

Wherein, d is the thickness of described artificial composite material; θ be on radiation source and the i-th bottom surface, region any line and perpendicular to artificial composite material straight line between angle, c (θ) is the arc length of the bus of curved surface corresponding to angle theta.

Implement technical scheme of the present invention, there is following beneficial effect: the saltus step of the refractive index of artificial composite material is designed to curved, thus greatly reduce the refraction of saltus step place, diffraction and reflection effect, alleviate the problem interfering with each other and bring, make artificial composite material and use the antenna of artificial composite material to have more excellent performance.

Accompanying drawing explanation

Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the invention will be further described, in accompanying drawing:

Fig. 1 is that the lens of existing spherical shape converge electromagnetic schematic diagram;

Fig. 2 is that the artificial composite material 10 of foundation one embodiment of the invention converges electromagnetic schematic diagram;

Fig. 3 is the structural representation of the artificial composite material 10 shown in Fig. 2;

Fig. 4 show in Fig. 3 the end view of artificial composite material 10;

Fig. 5 is the relation schematic diagram of the parabola segmental arc shown in Fig. 4 and θ;

Fig. 6 is the refractive index profile of artificial composite material 10 in yx plane.

Embodiment

Fig. 2 is that the artificial composite material of foundation one embodiment of the invention converges electromagnetic schematic diagram, and the artificial composite material 10 with electromagnetic wave convergence function is converted to plane wave for the electromagnetic wave launched by radiation source 20.

As common practise, we are known, electromagnetic refractive index with proportional, when a branch of electromagnetic wave by a kind of Medium Propagation to another medium time, electromagnetic wave can reflect, when the refraction index profile of material inside is non-homogeneous, electromagnetic wave will to the larger position deviation of refractive index ratio, by the electromagnetic parameter of every bit in design artificial composite material, just can adjust the refraction index profile of artificial composite material, and then reach the object changing electromagnetic wave propagation path.The electromagnetic wave that the spherical wave form sent from radiation source 20 can be dispersed by designing the refraction index profile of artificial composite material 10 according to above-mentioned principle is transformed into the electromagnetic wave of the plane wave form being suitable for long-distance transmissions.

Fig. 3 is the structural representation of the artificial composite material 10 shown in Fig. 2.Artificial composite material 10 is divided into multiple region; Electromagnetic wave incident to artificial composite material 10 first surface A and penetrate at the second surface B (as shown in Figure 4) relative with first surface A.

Wherein the common factor part of the i-th region and first surface A is the bottom surface in the i-th region, and the common factor part of the i-th region and second surface B is the end face in the i-th region.If on radiation source and the i-th bottom surface, region any line and through artificial composite material center O and perpendicular to artificial composite material straight line L between angle be θ, the curved surface of angle theta uniquely in corresponding i-th region, the bus of described curved surface is parabolic arc; The set the i-th bottom surface, region with the point of identical angle theta forms the border of the unique corresponding curved surface of angle theta, and this border and parabolic arc rotate the circumference got around straight line L; And the refractive index of everywhere is all identical on the unique corresponding curved surface of angle theta; The refractive index in each region reduces gradually along with the increase of angle theta.Fig. 3 shows two regions (region is here three-dimensional concept, in figure 3, is exactly two torus).Here the concept introducing region in order to describe the refraction index profile of artificial composite material and the division carried out better, is not in fact just the concept of entity.Fig. 4 shows the end view of artificial composite material 10, there is shown the end view in two regions, only for signal, not as limitation of the present invention.The thickness of artificial composite material 10 is as shown in figure d, and L represents the straight line perpendicular to artificial composite material.As shown in Figure 4, the end view in each region is parabola segmental arc, and the refractive index in identical parabola segmental arc is identical, and also namely the refractive index that rotates on formed curved surface around L of this parabola segmental arc is identical.The curved surface related in literary composition is virtual curved face, a concept of only drawing for convenience.

If on radiation source 20 and the i-th bottom surface, region excircle any line and perpendicular to artificial composite material 10 straight line L between angle be θ _i, i is positive integer and less the closer to the i that the region at artificial composite material center is corresponding; Wherein, angle theta _ithe arc length of the bus of corresponding curved surface is c (θ _i), arc length c (θ _i) and angle theta _imeet following formula:

$c\left({\mathrm{\&theta;}}_i\right)=\frac{\mathrm{\&lambda;}}{n_{\max (i+1)}-n_{\min \left(i\right)}};$

<math><math display = 'block'> <mrow> <mi>s</mi> <mo>&amp;times;</mo> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mrow> <mi>cos</mi> <msub> <mi>&amp;theta;</mi> <mi>i</mi> </msub> </mrow> </mfrac> <mo>&amp;minus;</mo> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mrow> <mi>cos</mi> <msub> <mi>&amp;theta;</mi> <mrow> <mi>i</mi> <mo>&amp;minus;</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </mfrac> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mi>c</mi> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <msub> <mi>&amp;theta;</mi> <mrow> <mi>i</mi> <mo>&amp;minus;</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <msub> <mi>n</mi> <mrow> <mi>max</mi> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mi>i</mi> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </msub> <mo>&amp;minus;</mo> <mi>c</mi> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <msub> <mi>&amp;theta;</mi> <mi>i</mi> </msub> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <msub> <mi>n</mi> <mrow> <mi>min</mi> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mi>i</mi> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </msub> <mo>;</mo> </mrow></math>

Wherein, θ ₀=0, c (θ ₀)=d; S is the distance of radiation source 20 to artificial composite material 10; D is the thickness of artificial composite material 10; λ is electromagnetic wavelength, n _{max (i)}, n _{min (i)}be respectively largest refractive index and the minimum refractive index in the i-th region, n _{max (i+1)}, n _{min (i+1)}be largest refractive index and the minimum refractive index in the i-th+1 region.Angle theta or θ _ispan is the largest refractive index in adjacent two regions and minimum refractive index meet: n _{max (i)}-n _{min (i)}=n _{max (i+1)}-n _{min (i+1)}.

As shown in Figures 3 and 4, two regions 101 and 102, θ is shown ₁be on the excircle of bottom surface, first area 101 any line and perpendicular to artificial composite material 10 straight line L between angle, θ ₂be on the excircle of second area 102 bottom surface any line and perpendicular to artificial composite material 10 straight line L between angle, if n _{max (1)}, n _{min (1)}known, the θ in the 1st region ₁and n _{max (2)}available following formula calculates:

$c\left({\mathrm{\&theta;}}_1\right)=\frac{\mathrm{\&lambda;}}{n_{\max \left(2\right)}-n_{\min \left(1\right)}};$

<math><math display = 'block'> <mrow> <mi>s</mi> <mo>&amp;times;</mo> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mrow> <mi>cos</mi> <msub> <mi>&amp;theta;</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> </mrow> </mfrac> <mo>&amp;minus;</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mi>c</mi> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <msub> <mi>&amp;theta;</mi> <mn>0</mn> </msub> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <msub> <mi>n</mi> <mrow> <mi>max</mi> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </msub> <mo>&amp;minus;</mo> <mi>c</mi> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <msub> <mi>&amp;theta;</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <msub> <mi>n</mi> <mrow> <mi>min</mi> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </msub> <mo>.</mo> </mrow></math>

The θ in the 2nd region ₂and n _{max (3)}available following formula calculates:

$c\left({\mathrm{\&theta;}}_2\right)=\frac{\mathrm{\&lambda;}}{n_{\max \left(3\right)}-n_{\min \left(2\right)}};$

<math><math display = 'block'> <mrow> <mi>s</mi> <mo>&amp;times;</mo> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mrow> <mi>cos</mi> <msub> <mi>&amp;theta;</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> </mrow> </mfrac> <mo>&amp;minus;</mo> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mrow> <mi>cos</mi> <msub> <mi>&amp;theta;</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> </mrow> </mfrac> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mi>c</mi> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <msub> <mi>&amp;theta;</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <msub> <mi>n</mi> <mrow> <mi>max</mi> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </msub> <mo>&amp;minus;</mo> <mi>c</mi> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <msub> <mi>&amp;theta;</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <msub> <mi>n</mi> <mrow> <mi>min</mi> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </msub> <mo>.</mo> </mrow></math>

In an embodiment of the present invention, adjacent trizonal largest refractive index and minimum refractive index meet: n _{max (i+1)}-n _{min (i)}> n _{max (i+2)}-n _{min (i+1)}.

As shown in Figure 4, the bus of the most boundary surface in each region is parabola segmental arc.In figure, the parabola segmental arc of end view is the bus of the most boundary surface in each region.In order to the refractive index more clearly described on identical curved surface is identical, the curved surface of intra-zone is also set forth.The refractive index of the inner boundary curved surface in each region is maximum, and the refractive index of external boundary curved surface is minimum.

As shown in Figure 3 and Figure 4, the angle on radiation source and the 1st bottom surface, region 101 A1 excircle between any line and L is θ ₁, the bus of the 1st most boundary surface Dm1 in region 101 is m1, and the arc length of parabola segmental arc m1 is c (θ ₁), the curved surface that m1 rotates around L is Dm1.Angle on radiation source and the 2nd bottom surface, region 102 A2 excircle between any line and L is θ ₂, the bus of the 2nd most boundary surface Dm2 in region 102 is m2, and the arc length of parabola segmental arc m1 is c (θ ₂), the curved surface that m2 rotates around L is Dm2.As shown in Figure 4, parabola segmental arc m1, m2 are symmetrical relative to L.Refraction index profile on curved surface Dm1, Dm2 is identical.

For arbitrary region, if on radiation source and the i-th bottom surface, region any line and perpendicular to artificial composite material straight line between angle be the refractive index n in θ, the i-th region _i(θ) along with the Changing Pattern of θ meets:

$n_i\left(\mathrm{\&theta;}\right)=\frac{1}{c\left(\mathrm{\&theta;}\right)}(n_{\max \left(i\right)}\&times;d+s-\frac{s}{\cos \mathrm{\&theta;}});$

Wherein, d is the thickness of artificial composite material 10; θ be on radiation source 20 and the i-th bottom surface, region any line and perpendicular to artificial composite material straight line L between angle, c (θ) is the arc length of the bus of curved surface corresponding to angle theta, the curved surface of angle theta uniquely in corresponding i-th region, and on the unique corresponding curved surface of angle theta, the refractive index of everywhere is all identical.In Fig. 4, exemplarily, the curved surface in the unique corresponding first area 101 of angle theta, the bus of this curved surface is m.

Arc length c (θ) meets following formula:

$c\left(\mathrm{\&theta;}\right)=\frac{d}{2}[\frac{\log \left(\right|\tan \mathrm{\&theta;}|+\sqrt{1+{\tan }^2\mathrm{\&theta;}})+\mathrm{\&delta;}}{\left|\tan \mathrm{\&theta;}\right|+\mathrm{\&delta;}}+\sqrt{1+{\tan }^2\mathrm{\&theta;}}];$

Wherein, δ is for presetting decimal.Wherein, δ is for presetting decimal, and such as 0.0001, δ can ensure the ratio when angle theta is close to 0 convergence.Angle theta span is

As shown in Figure 5, with through artificial composite material 10 first surface A center O and perpendicular to the straight line of artificial composite material 10 for axis of abscissas, with through artificial composite material 10 first surface A center O and be parallel to the straight line of first surface A for axis of ordinates, on radiation source and A face, the line of certain 1 O ' and the angle of x-axis are θ, the bus of the virtual curved face that angle theta is corresponding is the parabolic arc m shown in dotted line, on angle theta and parabolic arc m, every bit (x, y) meets following relational expression:

$\mathrm{\&theta;}(x,y)={\tan }^{-1}\left[\frac{2\mathrm{dy}}{2d(s+x)-x^2}\right].$

Suppose that the parabolical equation in parabolic arc m place is y (x)=ax ²+ bx+c.This parabola is through point (0, stan θ), i.e. y (0)=c=stan θ.In order to make the parallel injection of electromagnetic wave after artificial composite material 10, then need to make electromagnetic wave parallel with x-axis through the tangent line of artificial composite material 10 second surface B parabolic arc m, namely ensure y ' (d)=0.Due to y ' (x)=2ax+b, therefore y ' (d)=2ad+b=0.When also will ensure that electromagnetic wave arrives artificial composite material 10 first surface A in addition, electromagnetic wave is propagated along the tangential direction that angle theta is corresponding, therefore y ' (0)=tan θ.Can obtain parabolical equation by above several condition is $y\left(x\right)=\tan \mathrm{\&theta;}(-\frac{1}{2d}{x}^2+x+s),$ The relational expression of every bit (x, y) on angle theta and parabolic arc m can be obtained thus $\mathrm{\&theta;}(x,y)={\tan }^{-1}\left[\frac{2\mathrm{dy}}{2d(s+x)-x^2}\right].$ A curved surface in the unique corresponding artificial composite material of angle theta, this curved surface is rotated around L (x-axis) by bus m, and on unique this corresponding curved surface of angle theta, the refractive index of everywhere is all identical.

Artificial composite material 10 can be used for the electromagnetic wave of radiation emission to be converted to plane wave.The refractive index in its each region is along with the increase of angle is from n _{max (i)}be reduced to n _{min (i)}, as shown in Figure 4.Be understandable that, artificial composite material 10 provided by the invention also can be applicable to the situation that plane wave converges to focus, is also the reversible sight in Fig. 2.The structure of artificial composite material 10 itself is without the need to changing, only radiation source need be placed on second surface B side, and principle is now the same, but the radiation source in the definition of θ should be just the virtual radiation source position being in first surface A side and being positioned at artificial composite material focus.As long as the various application scenarioss applied principle of the present invention and carry out all belong to protection scope of the present invention.

Artificial composite material, when the structural design of reality, can be designed as multiple artificial composite material lamella, and each lamella comprises the substrate of sheet and multiple man-made microstructure of adhering on the substrate or artificial foramen structure.Refraction index profile demand fulfillment overall after multiple artificial composite material lamella combines or approximately meet above-mentioned formula, make the refraction index profile on same curved surface identical, the busbar of curved surface is parabolic arc.Certainly, when actual design, it is more difficult to be designed to accurate parabolic arc, and can be designed to the parabolic arc that is similar to or stepped as required, concrete levels of precision can be selected according to needs.Along with the continuous progress of technology, the mode of design also can be constantly updated, and may have better artificial composite material design technology to realize refractive index provided by the invention arrangement.

For man-made microstructure, each described man-made microstructure is the plane with geometrical pattern or stereochemical structure that are made up of at least one one metal wire, such as but not limited to " work " font, " ten " font or ellipse.Wire can be copper wire or filamentary silver, and the method for carving by etching, electroplating, bore quarter, photoetching, electronics quarter or ion is attached on substrate.In artificial composite material, multiple man-made microstructure makes the refractive index of artificial composite material reduce along with the increase of angle theta.When incident electromagnetic wave is determined, by the topological pattern of appropriate design man-made microstructure and the arrangement of man-made microstructure in electromagnetic wave converging element of different size, just can adjust the refraction index profile of artificial composite material, and then realize the electromagnetic wave that electromagnetic wave that spherical wave form disperses changes plane form into.

In order to represent artificial composite material lamella refractive index refractive index regularity of distribution on yx face more intuitively, unit identical for refractive index is connected into a line, and the size of refractive index is represented with the density of line, the closeer refractive index of line is larger, then meet the refraction index profile of the artificial composite material of above all relational expressions as shown in Figure 6.

The present invention also provides a kind of manual composite material antenna, as shown in Figures 2 and 3, the radiation source 20 that Super-material antenna comprises artificial composite material 10 and is arranged in artificial composite material 10 focus, the concrete structure of artificial composite material 10 and variations in refractive index as described above, repeat no more herein.

Previously described artificial composite material can be the shape shown in Fig. 3, can certainly be that other desired shape is circular, as long as can meet previously described variations in refractive index rule.Artificial composite material of the present invention can be used as lens and use, and also may be used in the antenna of the communications field, of many uses.

When practical application, in order to make the performance of artificial composite material better, reducing reflection, all impedance matching layer can be set artificial composite material both sides again.Content about impedance matching layer see prior art data, can repeat no more herein.

The present invention is designed to curved in the saltus step of the refractive index of artificial composite material, thus greatly reduces the refraction of saltus step place, diffraction and reflection effect, alleviates the problem interfering with each other and bring, makes artificial composite material have more excellent performance.

By reference to the accompanying drawings embodiments of the invention are described above; but the present invention is not limited to above-mentioned embodiment; above-mentioned embodiment is only schematic; instead of it is restrictive; those of ordinary skill in the art is under enlightenment of the present invention; do not departing under the ambit that present inventive concept and claim protect, also can make a lot of form, these all belong within protection of the present invention.

Claims (8)

1. an artificial composite material, is characterized in that, described artificial composite material is divided into multiple region; Electromagnetic wave incident to described artificial composite material first surface and penetrate at the second surface relative with described first surface;

The common factor part of the i-th region and described first surface is the bottom surface in the i-th region, and the common factor part of the i-th region and described second surface is the end face in the i-th region; If on radiation source and described i-th bottom surface, region any line and perpendicular to artificial composite material straight line between angle be θ, the curved surface of angle theta uniquely in corresponding i-th region, the set the i-th bottom surface, region with the point of identical angle theta forms the border of the unique corresponding curved surface of angle theta; And the refractive index of everywhere is all identical on the unique corresponding curved surface of angle theta, the bus of described curved surface is parabolic arc; The refractive index in each region reduces gradually along with the increase of angle theta;

If on radiation source and the i-th bottom surface, region excircle any line and perpendicular to artificial composite material straight line between angle be θ _i, i is positive integer and less the closer to the i that the region at artificial composite material center is corresponding; Wherein, angle theta _ithe arc length of the bus of corresponding curved surface is c (θ _i), arc length c (θ _i) and angle theta _imeet following formula:

Wherein, θ ₀=0, c (θ ₀)=d; S is the distance of described radiation source to described artificial composite material; D is the thickness of described artificial composite material; λ is electromagnetic wavelength, n _{max (i)}, n _{min (i)}be respectively largest refractive index and the minimum refractive index in the i-th region, n _{max (i+1)}it is the largest refractive index in the i-th+1 region.

2. artificial composite material according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the largest refractive index in adjacent two regions and minimum refractive index meet: n _{max (i)}-n _{min (i)}=n _{max (i+1)}-n _{min (i+1)}.

3. artificial composite material according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the refractive index in the i-th region meets:

Wherein, d is the thickness of described artificial composite material; θ be on radiation source and the i-th bottom surface, region any line and perpendicular to artificial composite material straight line between angle, c (θ) is the arc length of the bus of curved surface corresponding to angle theta.

4. artificial composite material according to claim 3, arc length c (θ) meets following formula:

Wherein, δ is for presetting decimal.

5. artificial composite material according to claim 3, with through the center of described artificial composite material first surface and perpendicular to the straight line of described artificial composite material for axis of abscissas, to be parallel to the straight line of described first surface for axis of ordinates through the center of described artificial composite material first surface, the parabolic equation at described parabolic arc place is:

6. a manual composite material antenna, is characterized in that, comprises artificial composite material and is arranged on the radiation source in described artificial composite material focus; Described artificial composite material is divided into multiple region; Electromagnetic wave incident to described artificial composite material first surface and penetrate at the second surface relative with described first surface;

The common factor part of the i-th region and described first surface is the bottom surface in the i-th region, and the common factor part of the i-th region and described second surface is the end face in the i-th region; If on radiation source and described i-th bottom surface, region any line and perpendicular to artificial composite material straight line between angle be θ, the curved surface of angle theta uniquely in corresponding i-th region, the set the i-th bottom surface, region with the point of identical angle theta forms the border of the unique corresponding curved surface of angle theta; And the refractive index of everywhere is all identical on the unique corresponding curved surface of angle theta, the bus of described curved surface is parabolic arc; The refractive index in each region reduces gradually along with the increase of angle theta;

If on radiation source and the i-th bottom surface, region excircle any line and perpendicular to artificial composite material straight line between angle be θ _i, i is positive integer and less the closer to the i that the region at artificial composite material center is corresponding; Wherein, angle theta _ithe arc length of the bus of corresponding curved surface is c (θ _i), arc length c (θ _i) and angle theta _imeet following formula:

Wherein, θ ₀=0, c (θ ₀)=d; S is the distance of described radiation source to described artificial composite material; D is the thickness of described artificial composite material; λ is electromagnetic wavelength; n _{max (i)}, n _{min (i)}be respectively largest refractive index and the minimum refractive index in the i-th region, n _{max (i+1)}it is the largest refractive index in the i-th+1 region.

7. manual composite material antenna according to claim 6, is characterized in that, the largest refractive index in adjacent two regions and minimum refractive index meet: n _{max (i)}-n _{min (i)}=n _{max (i+1)}-n _{min (i+1)}.

8. manual composite material antenna according to claim 6, is characterized in that, the refractive index in the i-th region meets:

Wherein, d is the thickness of described artificial composite material; θ be on radiation source and the i-th bottom surface, region any line and perpendicular to artificial composite material straight line between angle, c (θ) is the arc length of the bus of curved surface corresponding to angle theta.