CN102903025A - Method for planning enterprise scale and spatial layout for straw resource energy utilization - Google Patents
Method for planning enterprise scale and spatial layout for straw resource energy utilization Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN102903025A CN102903025A CN2012103303308A CN201210330330A CN102903025A CN 102903025 A CN102903025 A CN 102903025A CN 2012103303308 A CN2012103303308 A CN 2012103303308A CN 201210330330 A CN201210330330 A CN 201210330330A CN 102903025 A CN102903025 A CN 102903025A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- stalk
- enterprise
- resource
- straw
- stalk resource
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P80/00—Climate change mitigation technologies for sector-wide applications
- Y02P80/20—Climate change mitigation technologies for sector-wide applications using renewable energy
Landscapes
- Management, Administration, Business Operations System, And Electronic Commerce (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for planning enterprise scale and spatial layout for straw resource energy utilization. The method comprises the steps of: S1. acquiring a density space distribution graph of straw energy utilization resources; S2. setting different straw resource gathering radiuses according to the interrelation among the straw resource gathering radius, the enterprise investment scale and the production capacity; S3. calculating the straw resource amount in different gathering radiuses by utilizing a geographic information system (GIS) spatial statistical analysis function; S4. reasonably setting the straw energy production enterprise scale according to the technical status of straw energy utilization, and calculating the straw resource demand of different scales of enterprises; and S5. obtaining the spatial layout of different scales of straw energy production enterprises according to the straw resource amount in different gathering radiuses and the straw resource demand of enterprises of different scales by utilizing the GIS spatial analysis function. According to the method, the space layout of the different scales of straw energy enterprises is reasonably planned, and scientific guidance can be provided for establishment and layout of the straw energy utilization.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to agricultural straw resource recovery energy field.Relate in particular to the planing method of a kind of stalk resource recovery energy scope of the enterprise and space layout.
Background technology
Under the dual-pressure of energy shortage and environmental protection, countries in the world begin to pay much attention to the development and use of renewable bioenergy.Agricultural crop straw is a kind of biomass resource of preciousness, and nearly two during the last ten years, and agricultural crop straw can be summarized as " Four Modernizations one electricity ", i.e. gasifying stalk, straw solidification, straw charring, liquefaction of corn straw and straw power generation in the approach of new energy development aspect utilizing.At present having reached the technology of industrialization operation phase mainly is production and the straw power generation of straw ethanol (second generation bio-ethanol).Straw power generation is the development through more than 30 years in Northern European countries, and technical comparative maturity also is that present Chinese promotion efficiency is large, development utilizes mode comparatively rapidly.The form of straw power generation mainly contains three kinds: stalk direct combustion generating, stalk and the generating of other fuel mixed combustions, gasifying stalk generating.
China is large agricultural country, and agricultural crop straw output is large, and the stalk resource potentiality are amounted to 700,000,000 tons of standard coal equivalents approximately.From the whole nation all in all, but the agricultural straw resource of China's recovery energy is very abundant.But the agricultural straw resource space distribution is disperseed, and compared to fossil energy, its transportation cost is high.Therefore the recovery energy of agricultural crop straw not only depends on the stalk resource amount, also depends on the spatial distribution state of stalk resource.The area that stalk resource distributes and relatively concentrates, unit area resource enrichment degree is high, and it is lower to collect transportation cost, thereby can set up the large-scale stalk energy enterprises such as straw electric generation plant, alcohol fuel factory; And the area that stalk resource distributes and relatively disperses, it is very high that stalk resource is collected transportation cost, is not suitable for setting up large-scale stalk energy enterprise, and stalk can only utilize on a small scale as domestic energy.
At present, utilize mode and approach and climate change on the aspects such as impact of stalk resource on what the research of stalk resource mainly concentrated on the total resources that calculates stalk resource, stalk resource, seldom pay close attention to the characteristics of the scale of agricultural straw resource recovery energy enterprise and enterprise's space distribution and rule etc.Therefore; how for the spatial distribution state of stalk resource; make rational planning for each department stalk resource recovery energy enterprise scale, select best enterprise space layout place, set up that stalk reasonable, efficient and with low cost is collected, the accumulating system is the problem that agricultural straw resource scale development and use must at first solve.
At present some researchs are based on the characteristic distributions of stalk resource, set up the theoretical model of stalk collection carrying cost, and utilize case as the basis take the straw power generation equal energy source, analyzed stalk and collected carrying cost variation tendency, stalk and collect the problems such as the selection of optimum radius, the optimum bleeding point of stalk resource and minimum transportation cost thereof.Yet pure theoretical model can't react the spatial distribution characteristic of China's agricultural straw resource, more can't direct development scale and the space addressing of stalk resource recovery energy enterprise concretely.Carry out the Study on Planning Method of stalk resource recovery energy scope of the enterprise and space layout, being conducive to provides reference from national angle for scale and the space layout of stalk resource recovery energy enterprise, thereby instruct the development of stalk resource recovery energy industry with suiting measures to local conditions, scale and the space layout of district in all parts of the country stalk resource recovery energy enterprise rationally is set.
Summary of the invention
The technical matters that (one) will solve
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is: scale and the space layout of the stalk resource recovery energy enterprise that how to make rational planning for, and with the development of scientific guidance stalk resource recovery energy industry.
(2) technical scheme
In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the invention provides the planing method of a kind of stalk resource recovery energy scope of the enterprise and space layout, may further comprise the steps:
But S1, obtain agricultural crop straw recovery energy Resource Density spatial distribution map.
S2, collect radius and enterprise investment scale and productive capacity mutual relationship according to stalk resource, different stalk resource collection radiuses is set.
S3, utilize Geographic Information System (GIS) space statistical analysis function, but calculate the different stalk recovery energy stock numbers in the radius of collecting.
S4, according to the current stalk resource recovery energy state of the art, the scale of stalk resource energy manufacturing enterprise rationally is set, and calculates required stalk resource amount according to different scopes of the enterprise.
S5, collect the stalk resource demand of stalk resource amount in the radius and different scales enterprise according to difference, utilize the GIS spatial analysis functions, obtain the space layout figure of different scales stalk resource energy manufacturing enterprise.
Wherein, but the agricultural crop straw recovery energy Resource Density spatial distribution map described in the step S1 is to utilize minute province's cereal crops output statistics data and the upper clean primary productivity of vegetation (the Net Primary Productivity that ploughs, be called for short NPP) spatial distribution data, utilize the GIS spacial analytical method, obtain by spatialization calculating.
Wherein, it is closely related that the stalk resource described in the step S2 is collected radius and enterprise investment scale and productive capacity, according to the mutual relationship of existing stalk resource collection radius and Meteorological, determines that 25km, 30km and 50km are suitable collection radius.
Wherein, the space statistical analysis among the step S3 can utilize the Focalsum function under the ArcGIS software Workstation grid environment to realize, but this function can calculate the different stock numbers of collecting stalk recovery energy in the radius.
Wherein, scope of the enterprise described in the step S4 is divided into 4 classes according to existing stalk resource recovery energy technical merit and process technology limit: the generating of 6MW stalk direct combustion, small-sized (10,000 tons) stalk fuel ethanol enterprise, the generating of 25MW stalk direct combustion and large-scale (50,000 tons) stalk fuel ethanol enterprise.
Wherein, the space layout figure of different scales stalk resource energy manufacturing enterprise among the step S5, can utilize spatial analysis and the drawing function of ArcGIS software Arcmap, according to the stalk resource demand of different scales enterprise, by being carried out classify and grading, stalk resource amount in the difference collection radius generates.
(3) beneficial effect
The invention provides the planing method of a kind of stalk resource recovery energy scope of the enterprise and space layout, evidence, the method can obtain the space layout figure of different scales stalk resource energy manufacturing enterprise, thereby provides scientific guidance for foundation and the layout of stalk resource recovery energy enterprise.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is method flow diagram of the present invention;
But Fig. 2 is China's recovery energy agricultural straw resource spatial distribution map in 2005;
Fig. 3 is the graph of a relation of stalk resource collect range and Meteorological;
Fig. 4 is the suitability space layout figure of different scales stalk resource energy manufacturing enterprise that obtains as collecting radius take 25 kilometers;
Fig. 5 is the suitability space layout figure of different scales stalk resource energy manufacturing enterprise that obtains as collecting radius take 30 kilometers;
Fig. 6 is the suitability space layout figure of different scales stalk resource energy manufacturing enterprise that obtains as collecting radius take 50 kilometers;
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the specific embodiment of the present invention is described in further detail.Following examples are used for explanation the present invention, but are not used for limiting the scope of the invention.
As shown in Figure 1, the present invention includes following steps:
(1) but obtain China's recovery energy agricultural straw resource density profile (Fig. 2) in 2005, but this figure can react the spatial distribution state of district in all parts of the country agricultural crop straw recovery energy resource preferably, namely reflects the Potentiality of each regional stalk resource energy manufacturing enterprise raw material.
(2) collect radius and enterprise investment scale and productive capacity mutual relationship according to stalk resource, different stalk resources is set collects radius.
The collect range of stalk resource is along with enterprise investment scale and productive capacity increase and increases.As seen from Figure 3, collect range is during less than best collect range, always the expense of collecting reduces to increase sharply with radius; Collect range is during greater than best collect range, and the expense of always collecting is linear to be increased along with the increase of collect range, collect expense the rising meeting so that total cost of production rise.So different enterprises should determine that best collect range is to obtain the preferably level of profitability according to the situation of self.The present invention chooses 25km, 30km and 50km as more feasible economically collect range, thereby analyzes the space layout scheme that 3 kinds of differences are searched different scales stalk resource energy production enterprise under the radius.
(3) utilize GIS space statistical analysis function, but calculate the different stalk recovery energy stock numbers in the radius of collecting.
But on the basis of China's recovery energy stalk resource density data in 2005 of obtaining, take 25km, 30km and 50km as radius, by the Focalsum () under the ArcGIS software Workstation grid environment but function calculates respectively the stalk recovery energy stock number in each pixel 25km, 30km and the 50km scope, concrete computation process is as follows:
RES
Ri＝Focalsum(Crop_res，CIRCLE，R
i)
R in the formula
iFor collecting radius, be respectively 25km, 30km and 50km; RES
iBe the stalk resource amount in the i collection radius that obtains; Focalsum () is the raster data statistical function under the ArcGIS software Workstation grid environment; But Crop_res is China's recovery energy agricultural straw resource Density Distribution data in 2005; CIRCLE is constant, and the zone that representative is calculated is circle.
(4) according to the current stalk resource recovery energy state of the art, the scale of stalk resource energy manufacturing enterprise rationally is set, and calculates required stalk resource amount according to different scopes of the enterprise.
In the last few years, under governments at all levels support energetically, by the combination involving production, teaching ﹠ research, the China that is applied in of stalk resource recovery energy technology has obtained tremendous development, produces the technology such as alcohol fuel such as straw solidification shaped fuel, the direct combustion power generation of stalk, gasifying stalk central gas supply, stalk pyrolysis liquefaction, stalk fermentation and has now entered or just actively enter the Industry Promotion application stage.At present having reached the technology of industrialization operation phase mainly is production and the straw power generation of straw ethanol (second generation bio-ethanol).
Straw power generation is through the development of decades both at home and abroad, and technology is mature on the whole, and forms of electricity generation mainly contains three kinds: stalk direct combustion generating, stalk and the generating of other fuel mixed combustions, gasifying stalk generating.The stalk direct combustion generating refers to that directly stalk being put into boiler burns, and the steam that utilizes burning to produce drives steam turbine, thereby drives the generator generating.The stalk direct combustion generation technology has entered the stage of applying, this technology is applicable to relatively concentrate, utilizes on a large scale stalk resource, as being used for generating and heat supply etc., still is subjected to raw material supply and process technology limit, the generating scale is unsuitable excessive, is advisable to be no more than 30MW.In recent years, the enthusiasm that the stalk direct combustion power generation project is built in China part province is very high, the ground such as Jiangsu, Shandong, Hebei, Jilin, Inner Mongol build the above stalk direct combustion Blast Furnace Top Gas Recovery Turbine Unit (TRT) of many cover 20MW, have reached 4000MW to operation in the end of the year 2008 with in the stalk direct combustion generating capacity of building.Stalk mixes the combustion generating and comprises: directly mixed combustion generating, indirect mixed combustion generating and three kinds of modes of mixed combustion in parallel generating.Directly the mixed combustion generating refers to that the mixed combustion in same boiler of stalk fuel and fossil fuel (mainly being coal) produces steam, drives the steam turbine generating.Mixed power generation refers to that stalk at first produces combustible gas through gasification indirectly, and then combustible gas enters common burning in the stove again, produces steam-electric power.Mixed power generation in parallel refers to that stalk produces steam in independent boiler internal combustion, again generating after steam is further overheated through traditional fuel again.Rear dual mode can reduce slagging scorification in the straw burning process and the risk of corrosion, but investment, operation and maintenance cost are higher than direct mixed power generation, and commercial application is less.Stalk mixed combustion generating can be built into fairly large generating plant, even can reach the scale of large coal-fired power plant.The gasifying stalk generating is in gasification furnace stalk to be gasified, and generates inflammable gas, and through purifying, IC engine supply or small size gas turbine drive generator and generate electricity.General scale is less, and majority is not more than 6MW.
According to China's agricultural crop straw recovery energy industry development present situation, the present invention is divided into following 4 classes with stalk energy production enterprise: 6MW straw power generation enterprise, small-sized (10,000 tons) stalk fuel ethanol enterprise, 25MW straw power generation enterprise and large-scale (50,000 tons) stalk fuel ethanol enterprise.According to existing research, 6MW gasifying stalk electricity power enterprise unit stalk conversion ratio is 1.1t/MWh, supposes year operation 300 days, then needs ten thousand tons of stalk resource amount 1.1t/MWh*6MW*24*300=4.75; 25MW straw power generation enterprise stalk conversion ratio is 1t/MWh, supposes year operation 300 days, then needs ten thousand tons of stalk resource amount 1.0t/MWh*25MW*24*300=18.It is 1t/6t that prior art is produced ethanol unit's stalk conversion ratio, 10,000 tons Fuel-Alcohol Enterprise year the stalk demand be 60,000 tons; 50,000 tons Fuel-Alcohol Enterprise year the stalk demand then be 300,000 tons.Different scales stalk energy production enterprise is as shown in table 1 to the demand of stalk resource.
The stalk resource demand of table 1 different scales stalk energy production enterprise
(5) according to the stalk resource demand of stalk resource amount and different scales enterprise in the difference collection radius, utilize the GIS spatial analysis functions, obtain the space layout figure of different scales stalk resource energy manufacturing enterprise.
Obtaining of different scales stalk resource energy manufacturing enterprise space layout mainly utilizes Geographic Information System (GIS) technology, spatial analysis and drawing function by ArcGIS software Arcmap, according to the stalk resource demand of table 1 different scales enterprise, stalk resource amount in the difference collection radius is carried out classify and grading generate.Concrete steps are as follows:
Under ArcGIS software Arcmap environment, respectively with step (3) but in the agricultural straw resource amount of recovery energy under three kinds of different collect ranges of 25km, 30km and 50km of obtaining as the raster map layer of input, and then according to the required stalk resource amount of the listed different scales enterprise of table 1, but the agricultural straw resource amount to the recovery energy under three kinds of different collect ranges of 25km, 30km and 50km is classified again, thereby obtains the spatial distribution map (Fig. 4, Fig. 5, Fig. 6) of different scales stalk energy production Enterprises Distribution suitability.
Above embodiment only is used for explanation the present invention; and be not limitation of the present invention; the those of ordinary skill in relevant technologies field; in the situation that does not break away from the spirit and scope of the present invention; can also make a variety of changes and be out of shape; therefore all technical schemes that are equal to also belong to category of the present invention, and scope of patent protection of the present invention should be defined by the claims.
Claims (5)
1. the planing method of a stalk resource recovery energy scope of the enterprise and space layout is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps:
But S1, obtain agricultural crop straw recovery energy Resource Density spatial distribution map;
S2, collect radius and enterprise investment scale and productive capacity mutual relationship according to stalk resource, different stalk resource collection radiuses is set;
S3, utilize Geographic Information System (GIS) space statistical analysis function, but calculate the different stalk recovery energy stock numbers in the radius of collecting;
S4, according to the current stalk resource recovery energy state of the art, the scale of stalk resource energy manufacturing enterprise rationally is set, and calculates required stalk resource amount according to different scopes of the enterprise;
S5, collect the stalk resource demand of stalk resource amount in the radius and different scales enterprise according to difference, utilize the GIS spatial analysis functions, obtain the space layout figure of different scales stalk resource energy manufacturing enterprise.
2. the planing method of a kind of stalk resource recovery energy scope of the enterprise and space layout as described in claim 1, it is characterized in that collecting radius and enterprise investment scale and productive capacity mutual relationship according to stalk resource described in the step S2, it is suitable stalk resource collection radius that 25km, 30km and 50km are set.
3. the planing method of a kind of stalk resource recovery energy scope of the enterprise and space layout as described in claim 1 is characterized in that utilizing that space statistical analysis Focalsum () function calculation is different collects stalk resource amounts in the radius among the step S3.
4. the planing method of a kind of stalk resource recovery energy scope of the enterprise and space layout as described in claim 1, it is characterized in that the scope of the enterprise described in the step S4 according to existing stalk recovery energy technical merit and process technology limit, is divided into 4 classes: the generating of 6MW stalk direct combustion, small-sized (10,000 tons) stalk fuel ethanol enterprise, the generating of 25MW stalk direct combustion and large-scale (50,000 tons) stalk fuel ethanol enterprise.
5. the planing method of a kind of stalk resource recovery energy scope of the enterprise and space layout as described in claim 1, it is characterized in that the stalk resource demand according to stalk resource amount and different scales enterprise in the difference collection radius described in the step S5, obtain the space distribution suitability layout of different scales stalk energy manufacturing enterprise by the classification of difference being collected stalk resource amount in the radius.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201210330330.8A CN102903025B (en) | 2012-09-10 | 2012-09-10 | The planing method of a kind of stalk resource recovery energy scope of the enterprise and space layout |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201210330330.8A CN102903025B (en) | 2012-09-10 | 2012-09-10 | The planing method of a kind of stalk resource recovery energy scope of the enterprise and space layout |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN102903025A true CN102903025A (en) | 2013-01-30 |
| CN102903025B CN102903025B (en) | 2016-04-20 |
Family
ID=47575243
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201210330330.8A Expired - Fee Related CN102903025B (en) | 2012-09-10 | 2012-09-10 | The planing method of a kind of stalk resource recovery energy scope of the enterprise and space layout |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN102903025B (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106952171A (en) * | 2017-03-01 | 2017-07-14 | 中国农业大学 | A kind of corn high temperature risk class computational methods based on temperature record |
| CN109272252A (en) * | 2018-10-17 | 2019-01-25 | 郑州轻工业学院 | A kind of accounting method based on polymorphic straw resource utilization value |
| CN113642799A (en) * | 2021-08-20 | 2021-11-12 | 国网内蒙古东部电力有限公司电力科学研究院 | Method and device for determining position of straw storage point, electronic equipment and storage medium |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101231680A (en) * | 2008-02-05 | 2008-07-30 | 南京大学 | Method for quantitative assessment of countryside biomass energy source |
| CN101777150A (en) * | 2010-01-27 | 2010-07-14 | 北京师范大学 | Urban ecology economic system capacity flow analytical method |
-
2012
- 2012-09-10 CN CN201210330330.8A patent/CN102903025B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101231680A (en) * | 2008-02-05 | 2008-07-30 | 南京大学 | Method for quantitative assessment of countryside biomass energy source |
| CN101777150A (en) * | 2010-01-27 | 2010-07-14 | 北京师范大学 | Urban ecology economic system capacity flow analytical method |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 张展等: "地理信息系统在秸秆资源化利用中的应用", 《可再生能源》 * |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106952171A (en) * | 2017-03-01 | 2017-07-14 | 中国农业大学 | A kind of corn high temperature risk class computational methods based on temperature record |
| CN109272252A (en) * | 2018-10-17 | 2019-01-25 | 郑州轻工业学院 | A kind of accounting method based on polymorphic straw resource utilization value |
| CN113642799A (en) * | 2021-08-20 | 2021-11-12 | 国网内蒙古东部电力有限公司电力科学研究院 | Method and device for determining position of straw storage point, electronic equipment and storage medium |
| CN113642799B (en) * | 2021-08-20 | 2024-06-11 | 国网内蒙古东部电力有限公司电力科学研究院 | Method and device for determining straw storage point position, electronic equipment and storage medium |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN102903025B (en) | 2016-04-20 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| Zhang et al. | A study of the role played by renewable energies in China's sustainable energy supply | |
| Olanipekun et al. | Assessment of renewable energy in Nigeria: challenges and benefits | |
| Kishore et al. | Technology choices for off-grid electrification | |
| Azadbakht et al. | A study on biodiesel production using agricultural wastes and animal fats | |
| Ye et al. | A demonstration concentrating solar power plant in China: Carbon neutrality, energy renewability and policy perspectives | |
| CN102903025B (en) | The planing method of a kind of stalk resource recovery energy scope of the enterprise and space layout | |
| Yu et al. | Simulation based life cycle assessment of airborne emissions of biomass-based ethanol products from different feedstock planting areas in China | |
| Wang et al. | Cost of non-renewable energy in production of wood pellets in China | |
| Zhang et al. | Planning and policy of renewable energy utilization in a rural economic development zone | |
| CN101974356A (en) | Low-carbon type biological product oil | |
| Zia et al. | Gross potential of Biomass products for Energy Generation in Azad Jammu and Kashmir. A case study using Bio-IRENA Simulator | |
| Mabee et al. | Renewable-based fuels for transport | |
| Ertuğrul et al. | From Agricultural Waste to Energy: Assessing the Bioenergy Potential of South-Central Texas | |
| Li et al. | Study on optimal allocation of rural integrated energy system with biogas and photovoltaic | |
| Guan et al. | Study on the application of combined cooling, heating and power system with biomass energy in China | |
| Dang et al. | Scenarios for sustainable biomass use in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam | |
| Khan | Hybrid processing of biomass and coal with CO2 capture for low carbon power generation | |
| Demirel et al. | Energy management and economics | |
| Wang et al. | Part II: Clean Energy Strategies for Mitigating Greenhouse Gas Emissions in British Columbia | |
| Bauer et al. | Comparative environmental assessment of current and future electricity supply technologies for Switzerland | |
| ur Rehman et al. | The electricity generation potential in sugar mills of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa | |
| Andersen et al. | Innovation in energy technologies | |
| Chen et al. | Alternative energy sources for cotton production in Australia | |
| Kaur | Bio energy to power rural sector in Indian scenario | |
| Abraham | Biopower: The Green Technology for Sustainable Development |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee | ||
| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |
Granted publication date: 20160420 Termination date: 20210910 |