CN102899540A - Super large specification aluminum alloy slab ingot and casting method - Google Patents
Super large specification aluminum alloy slab ingot and casting method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a super large specification aluminum alloy slab ingot and a casting method. The method comprises the following steps: preparing raw materials according to ratio, then adding in a melting furnace for melting and removing the slag; conversing to a heat preserving furnace for on-line degassing and refining, degassing, removing the slag and purifying, adding an aluminum titanium boron grain-refining agent for refining the crystal grains; then casting to the aluminum alloy slab ingot; and finally homogenizing to obtain the aluminum alloy slab ingot with difficult cracking and refined tissue. The produced 650*2750mm slab ingot is capable of eliminating the segregation and casting stress of the slab ingot, and guaranteeing the product quality, the mechanical properties can satisfy the requirements of the large-scale structural members.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the aluminium alloy casting field, specifically relate to a kind of super large-scale aluminium alloy slab ingot and castmethod thereof.
Background technology
5083 to belong to Al-Mg-Si be alloy, and use range is extensive, and particularly construction industry be unable to do without this alloy, is the most promising alloy.Its solidity to corrosion is good, excellent weldability, and cold-workability is better, and has medium tenacity.Main alloy element is Mg in 5083 alloys.Mg can improve mobile, improve processing characteristics, can improve intensity and yield strength, carry heavy alloyed machinability, but add-on is when large, castability is poor, intensity at high temperature and plasticity are all low, shrink greatly during cooling, easily cause hot tearing and form loose and reduce elongation, increase the viscosity of alloy, therefore will strictly control content.Si can increase tensile strength, improves alloy flowability, reduces shrinking percentage and hot cracking tendency, reduces thermal expansivity, improves resistance to air loss, wear resistance, solidity to corrosion and thermal conductivity, but add-on can cause the machining difficulty when large.Titanium (Ti) add-on is the energy crystal grain thinning suitably, prevents coarse-grain, and the effect that suppresses the featheriness crystalline substance is arranged.
Because the chemical ingredients of 5083 aluminium alloys and crystalline phase form all very complicated, so principal element content, proportioning and foreign matter content have a great impact tissue and the performance of ingot casting and finished product in the alloy.Existing 5083 as-cast aluminum alloy mechanical properties are as follows:
Tensile strength sigma
b(MPa): 〉=110;
Yield strength σ
0.2(MPa): 〉=110;
Elongation δ
5(%): 〉=12;
5083 main alloy element is magnesium, have good shaping processability energy, corrosion stability, weldability, medium tenacity, for the manufacture of the sheet metal component of fuel tanker, oil pipe and vehicular traffic, boats and ships, instrument, street lamp support and rivet, hardware, electric appliance casing etc.But 5083 casting aluminium alloy flat blooms of largest domestic are 600 * 2200mm at present, the specification limits of slab ingot the rolling and specification of forging finished product, make the range of application of finished product wide not, on some large aircraft, can't use the monolithic plate of moderate thickness, need to finish by welding or riveted joint.Use 5083 large-size aluminum alloy slab ingots of existing foundry engieering production open grain structure often to occur, and trace appears drawing in flat bloom surface easily, therefore limit its specification and utilization scope.Therefore need the new large specification slab ingot of exploitation with meeting the market requirement, guarantee simultaneously its quality.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is in order to solve existing 5083 Mechanical Properties of Aluminum Alloys low, the slab ingot specification that casts out is little, can not adapt to that market demand and aluminium alloy flat bloom are prone to open grain structure, slab ingot is easy to crack and surperficial problem of drawing trace, a kind of super large-scale aluminium alloy slab ingot and castmethod thereof of utilizing 5083 aluminum alloy casts to produce 650 * 2750mm is provided.
Technical scheme of the present invention:
The alloying constituent mass percent of super large-scale aluminium alloy slab ingot of the present invention is as follows:
Si : 0.00～0.40 Fe : 0.00～0.40 Cu : 0.00～0.10
Mn : 0.40～1.00 Mg : 4.00～4.90 Cr : 0.05～0.25
Zn: 0.00～0.25 Ti: 0.00～0.15 surplus is Al
Each constituent mass per-cent sum is 100%.
Super large-scale aluminium alloy slab ingot castmethod of the present invention comprises the steps:
(1) batching
Be 99.7% remelted aluminum ingot and 5083 aluminium alloy returns consumptions according to the alloying constituent calculated purity, then carry out mix, the per-cent that 5083 aluminium alloy returns consumptions account for total input amount is 0.1 ~ 60%, calculates load weighted Mn centre and closes with the AlCr75 master alloy for subsequent use.
(2) melting
A. the remelted aluminum ingot for preparing and 5083 aluminium alloy returns are dropped in the smelting furnace and heat, add again AlMn75 master alloy, AlCr75 master alloy; Be heated to furnace charge in the smelting furnace and melt, the electromagnetic mixing apparatus that then starts furnace bottom stirs 10min ~ 30min, promotes the even of the interior temperature of aluminum liquid of stove and composition, the thawing of accelerating solid raw material;
B. treat that stove internal solid metal all melts, temperature of aluminum liquid reaches 735 ℃ ~ 755 ℃, changes holding furnace over to.
(3) insulation
Furnace charge is incubated in holding furnace, temperature is controlled at 735 ℃ ~ 755 ℃, elder generation's aluminium liquid composition detects, then add first the AlMn75 master alloy and carry out the composition adjustment, add again AlTi6, the pure magnesium ingot adjusting component, after finishing, the composition adjustment carries out elementary refining 10min～15min, elementary refining argon flow amount 50 ~ 60L/min keeps stirring the cleaning scum silica frost in the elementary refining process.
(4) online refinery by de-gassing, grain refining and filtration
A, start the holding furnace system that tumbles, make aluminium liquid inject chute, carry out online refinery by de-gassing through degasifying device, except hydrogen, rotor argon flow amount 150 ~ 180L/min, rotor speed 400 ~ 500rpm/min.
B, grain refining are after degasifying device, enter before the filtration unit, add the aluminium Ti, B grain graining agent and carry out grain refining in aluminium liquid, and its add-on is 1 ~ 1.5 kg/t Al.
Enter filtration unit after c, the grain refining and filter, allow aluminium liquid remove trickleer impurity through strumbox, reach the purification purpose.
(5) casting
A, open cooling water valve, it is abundant to guarantee to cast the starting stage cooling power, flow 25 ~ 65 m
3/ hr, hydraulic pressure are 0.09 ~ 0.11Mpa;
B, aluminium liquid that will be are after filtering put into slab ingot and are distributed chute, and the control pin is opened, and aluminium liquid injects in the crystallizer;
The ingot-guiding head of c, crystallizer below slowly descends, and casting enters normal phase, and casting speed 20mm/min ~ 50mm/min until reach predetermined casting length, is cast as the slab ingot of 650 * 2750mm;
D, stop casting, close water coolant, remove the crystallizer platform, with special hanger slab ingot is hung out the well from casting.
(6) homogenizing is processed
A, with suspender slab ingot is placed in the charging tray, slab ingot and charging tray is sent in the lump carried out homogenizing in the soaking pit and process;
B, homogenizing treating processes are divided into heating and holding stage, and be 7 ~ 9 hours heat-up time, and after temperature reached 580 ~ 600 ℃, soaking time was 23 ~ 25 hours, and holding temperature is 580 ~ 600 ℃;
C, insulation are finished, and slab ingot is shifted out soaking pit, send into cooling room and cool off and finish.
The raw material remelted aluminum ingot that adopts among the present invention, 5083 aluminium alloy returns, AlMn75 master alloy, AlMn75 master alloy, AlTi6 and pure magnesium ingot all can be from market or enterprise produce and obtain.
Advantage of the present invention:
1, the aluminium alloy flat bloom specification of manufacturing of the present invention is 650 * 2670mm, is maximum casting aluminium alloy flat bloom in the world now.The structural part and the coating member that can be used for large aircraft or high-performance building, and the number of times that reduces riveted joint and weld have improved stability.
2, method of the present invention is effectively removed impurity and hydrogen in the aluminium liquid, by the cooperation of grain-refining agent addition, cooling water flow and casting speed, eliminated grain segregation and casting stress, make the even refinement of aluminium alloy microtexture, without splitting, has good processing characteristics.The adjustment of alloying constituent has also improved the performance of slab ingot, as control Fe and massfraction below 0.40%, reduced the formation of AlMnFeSi phase, so that the intensity of alloy, plasticity and erosion resistance all improve a lot.
3, unit elongation improves, structure refinement.Ti, B grain graining agent has excellent thinning effect, makes foundry goods obtain tiny equiax crystal, and it is brilliant to have eliminated feather, for later processing provides good inherent weave construction, can effectively overcome casting crack, improves the slab ingot outward appearance, reduces the ingot casting cold shut; Because the refining effect of the heterogeneous nucleus of additive can reduce pore simultaneously effectively with loose, improve significantly the unit elongation of slab ingot after rolling.
4, slab ingot is not easy to crack, strictly controls casting speed and casting temp, excessive velocities or excessively slow, temperature drift or on the low sidely all can cause the slab ingot drawing crack.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment the present invention is further specified, but the present invention is not limited to embodiment.
Embodiment 1
The alloying constituent mass percent of super large-scale aluminium alloy slab ingot is by as follows
Si : 0.00～0.40 Fe : 0.00～0.40 Cu : 0.00～0.10
Mn : 0.40～0.70 Mg : 4.00～4.50 Cr : 0.05～0.25
Zn: 0.00～0.25 Ti: 0.00～0.15 surplus is Al
The aluminium alloy flat bloom castmethod:
(1) batching: be 99.7% remelted aluminum ingot and 5083 aluminium alloy returns consumptions according to the alloying constituent calculated purity, then carry out mix, the per-cent that 5083 aluminium alloy returns consumptions account for total input amount is 0.1 ~ 30%, calculates load weighted AlMn75 master alloy, the AlCr75 master alloy is for subsequent use.
(2) melting: by the charge calculation acquired results, begin to feed intake, drop into first remelted aluminum ingot and 5083 aluminium alloy returns, then drop into AlMn75 master alloy, AlCr75 master alloy.Be heated to furnace charge in the smelting furnace and melt, stir 10min～30min, temperature of aluminum liquid changes holding furnace over to after reaching 735 ℃～755 ℃.
(3) insulation: the holding furnace temperature is controlled at 735 ℃～755 ℃, detects first the al alloy component in the holding furnace, then adds the AlMn75 master alloy and carries out the composition adjustment, then adds AlTi6, pure magnesium ingot.Carry out elementary refining 10min～15min after the composition adjustment is finished, elementary refining argon flow amount 50 ~ 60L/min keeps stirring the cleaning scum silica frost in the elementary refining process.
(4) online refinery by de-gassing: elementary refining finishes, and aluminium liquid changes degasifying device over to and carries out online refinery by de-gassing, removes hydrogen, rotor argon flow amount 150 ~ 180L/min, rotor speed 400 ~ 500rpm/min.
(5) grain refining and filtration: grain refining is after degasifying device, enters before the filtration unit, adds the aluminium Ti, B grain graining agent and carry out grain refining in aluminium liquid, and its add-on is 1.5 kg/t Al.Enter filtration unit after the grain refining and filter, screen plate uses the 30ppi grade.
(6) casting: open first cooling water valve, it is abundant to guarantee to cast the starting stage cooling power, and the aluminium liquid after described casting will be filtered is put into the distribution chute, and casting speed 20mm/min～30mm/min opens first water quench before casting, flow 25 ~ 45 m
3/ hr, pressure is 0.09～0.11Mpa, the slab ingot of the 650 * 2750mm that casts out; Stop casting, close water coolant, remove the crystallizer platform, with special hanger slab ingot is hung out from the casting well.
(7) homogenizing is processed: with suspender slab ingot is placed in the charging tray, slab ingot and charging tray is sent in the lump carried out homogenizing in the soaking pit and process; The homogenizing treating processes is divided into heating and holding stage, and be 8.5 hours heat-up time, and soaking time is 25 hours, and holding temperature is 590 ℃; Insulation is finished, and slab ingot is shifted out soaking pit, cools off.
Present embodiment has been controlled the mass percent of Mn and Mg, and the slab ingot tensile strength of casting is greater than 115MPa, and yield strength is greater than 115MPa, and unit elongation is greater than 20%, and the ingot casting surface smoothness is better.
Embodiment 2
Different, as follows from the aluminium alloy flat bloom alloying constituent mass percent in the example 1
Si : 0.00～0.40 Fe : 0.00～0.40 Cu : 0.00～0.10
Mn : 0.70～1.00 Mg : 4.50～4.90 Cr : 0.05～0.25
Zn: 0.00～0.25 Ti: 0.00～0.15 surplus is Al
The aluminium alloy flat bloom castmethod:
(1) batching: be 99.7% remelted aluminum ingot and 5083 aluminium alloy returns consumptions according to the alloying constituent calculated purity, then carry out mix, the per-cent that 5083 aluminium alloy returns consumptions account for total input amount is 30 ~ 60%, calculates load weighted AlMn75 master alloy, the AlCr75 master alloy is for subsequent use.
(2) melting: by the charge calculation acquired results, begin to feed intake, drop into first remelted aluminum ingot and 5083 aluminium alloy returns, then drop into AlMn75 master alloy, AlCr75 master alloy.Be heated to furnace charge in the smelting furnace and melt, stir 20min～30min, temperature of aluminum liquid changes holding furnace over to after reaching 745 ℃～755 ℃.
(3) insulation: the holding furnace temperature is controlled at 745 ℃～755 ℃, detects first the al alloy component in the holding furnace, then adds the AlMn75 master alloy and carries out the composition adjustment, then adds AlTi6, pure magnesium ingot.Carry out elementary refining 10min～15min after the composition adjustment is finished, elementary refining argon flow amount 50 ~ 60L/min keeps stirring the cleaning scum silica frost in the elementary refining process.
(4) online refinery by de-gassing: elementary refining finishes, and aluminium liquid changes degasifying device over to and carries out online refinery by de-gassing, removes hydrogen, rotor argon flow amount 150 ~ 180L/min, rotor speed 400 ~ 500rpm/min.
(5) grain refining and filtration: grain refining is after degasifying device, enters before the filtration unit, adds the aluminium Ti, B grain graining agent and carry out grain refining in aluminium liquid, and its add-on is 1.0 kg/t Al.Enter filtration unit after the grain refining and filter, screen plate uses the 30ppi grade.
(6) casting: open first cooling water valve, it is abundant to guarantee to cast the starting stage cooling power, and the aluminium liquid after described casting will be filtered is put into the distribution chute, and casting speed 30mm/min～50mm/min opens first water quench before casting, flow 45 ~ 65 m
3/ hr, pressure is 0.09～0.11Mpa, the slab ingot of the 650 * 2750mm that casts out; Stop casting, close water coolant, remove the crystallizer platform, with special hanger slab ingot is hung out from the casting well.
(7) homogenizing is processed: with suspender slab ingot is placed in the charging tray, slab ingot and charging tray is sent in the lump carried out homogenizing in the soaking pit and process; The homogenizing treating processes is divided into heating and holding stage, and be 8 hours heat-up time, and soaking time is 24 hours, and holding temperature is 590 ℃; Insulation is finished, and slab ingot is shifted out soaking pit, cools off.
Present embodiment has been controlled the mass percent of Mn and Mg, and the slab ingot tensile strength of casting is greater than 112MPa, and yield strength is greater than 112MPa, and unit elongation is greater than 20%, and the ingot casting surface smoothness is better.
Embodiment 3
Different, as follows from the aluminium alloy flat bloom alloying constituent mass percent in the example 1
Si : 0.10～0.40 Fe : 0.10～0.40 Cu : 0.10～0.10
Mn : 0.10～0.40 Mg : 4.20～4.70 Cr : 0.05～0.15
Zn: 0.10～0.25 Ti: 0.10～0.15 surplus is Al
The aluminium alloy flat bloom castmethod:
(1) batching: be 99.7% remelted aluminum ingot and 5083 aluminium alloy returns consumptions according to the alloying constituent calculated purity, then carry out mix, the per-cent that 5083 aluminium alloy returns consumptions account for total input amount is 25 ~ 45%, calculates load weighted AlMn75 master alloy, the AlCr75 master alloy is for subsequent use.
(2) melting: by the charge calculation acquired results, begin to feed intake, drop into first remelted aluminum ingot and 5083 aluminium alloy returns, then drop into AlMn75 master alloy, AlCr75 master alloy.Be heated to furnace charge in the smelting furnace and melt, stir 20min～30min, temperature of aluminum liquid changes holding furnace over to after reaching 735 ℃～745 ℃.
(3) insulation: detect first the al alloy component in the holding furnace, then add the AlMn75 master alloy and carry out the composition adjustment, then add AlTi6, pure magnesium ingot.Carry out elementary refining 10min～15min after the composition adjustment is finished, elementary refining argon flow amount 50 ~ 60L/min keeps stirring the cleaning scum silica frost in the elementary refining process.
(4) online refinery by de-gassing: elementary refining finishes, and aluminium liquid changes degasifying device over to and carries out online refinery by de-gassing, removes hydrogen, rotor argon flow amount 160 ~ 180L/min, rotor speed 400 ~ 450rpm/min.
(5) grain refining and filtration: add the aluminium Ti, B grain graining agent between degasifying device and filtration unit, add-on is 1.2kg/t Al.Filter after the refinement, screen plate uses the 30ppi grade.
(6) casting: open first cooling water valve, it is abundant to guarantee to cast the starting stage cooling power, and the aluminium liquid after described casting will be filtered is put into the distribution chute, and casting speed 20mm/min～40mm/min opens first water quench before casting, flow 45 ~ 55 m
3/ hr, pressure is 0.09～0.11Mpa, the slab ingot of the 650 * 2750mm that casts out; Stop casting, close water coolant, remove the crystallizer platform, with special hanger slab ingot is hung out from the casting well.
(7) homogenizing is processed: with suspender slab ingot is placed in the charging tray, slab ingot and charging tray is sent in the lump carried out homogenizing in the soaking pit and process; The homogenizing treating processes is divided into heating and holding stage, and be 9 hours heat-up time, and soaking time is 23 hours, and holding temperature is 600 ℃; Insulation is finished, and slab ingot is shifted out soaking pit, cools off.
The slab ingot tensile strength of present embodiment casting is greater than 113MPa, and yield strength is greater than 113MPa, and unit elongation is greater than 20%, and the ingot casting surface smoothness is better.
Embodiment 4
Different, as follows from the aluminium alloy flat bloom alloying constituent mass percent in the example 1
Si : 0.20～0.40 Fe : 0.20～0.40 Cu : 0.20～0.10
Mn : 0.70～0.90 Mg : 4.50～4.80 Cr : 0.15～0.25
Zn: 0.20～0.25 Ti: 0.05～0.15 surplus is Al
The aluminium alloy flat bloom castmethod:
(1) batching: be 99.7% remelted aluminum ingot and 5083 aluminium alloy returns consumptions according to the alloying constituent calculated purity, then carry out mix, the per-cent that 5083 aluminium alloy returns consumptions account for total input amount is 30 ~ 60%, calculates load weighted AlMn75 master alloy, the AlCr75 master alloy is for subsequent use.
(2) melting: by the charge calculation acquired results, begin to feed intake, drop into first remelted aluminum ingot and 5083 aluminium alloy returns, then drop into AlMn75 master alloy, AlCr75 master alloy.Be heated to furnace charge in the smelting furnace and melt, stir 20min～30min, temperature of aluminum liquid changes holding furnace over to after reaching 745 ℃～755 ℃.
(3) insulation: detect first the al alloy component in the holding furnace, then add the AlMn75 master alloy and carry out the composition adjustment, then add AlTi6, pure magnesium ingot.Carry out elementary refining 10min～15min after the composition adjustment is finished, elementary refining argon flow amount 50 ~ 60L/min keeps stirring the cleaning scum silica frost in the elementary refining process.
(4) online refinery by de-gassing: elementary refining finishes, and aluminium liquid changes degasifying device over to and carries out online refinery by de-gassing, removes hydrogen, rotor argon flow amount 160 ~ 180L/min, rotor speed 450 ~ 500rpm/min.
(5) grain refining and filtration: add the aluminium Ti, B grain graining agent between degasifying device and filtration unit, add-on is 1.3kg/t Al.Filter after the refinement, screen plate uses the 30ppi grade.
(6) casting: open first cooling water valve, it is abundant to guarantee to cast the starting stage cooling power, and the aluminium liquid after described casting will be filtered is put into the distribution chute, and casting speed 35mm/min～50mm/min opens first water quench before casting, flow 45 ~ 65 m
3/ hr, pressure is 0.09～0.10Mpa, the slab ingot of the 650 * 2750mm that casts out; Stop casting, close water coolant, remove the crystallizer platform, with special hanger slab ingot is hung out from the casting well.
(7) homogenizing is processed: with suspender slab ingot is placed in the charging tray, slab ingot and charging tray is sent in the lump carried out homogenizing in the soaking pit and process; The homogenizing treating processes is divided into heating and holding stage, and be 7 hours heat-up time, and soaking time is 25 hours, and holding temperature is 580 ℃; Insulation is finished, and slab ingot is shifted out soaking pit, cools off.
The slab ingot tensile strength of present embodiment casting is greater than 112MPa, and yield strength is greater than 112MPa, and unit elongation is greater than 20%, and the ingot casting surface smoothness is better.
Claims (8)
1. super large-scale aluminium alloy slab ingot, it is characterized in that: the mass percent of described aluminium alloy flat bloom alloying constituent is:
Si : 0.00～0.40 Fe : 0.00～0.40 Cu : 0.00～0.10
Mn : 0.40～1.00 Mg : 4.00～4.90 Cr : 0.05～0.25
Zn: 0.00～0.25 Ti: 0.00～0.15 surplus is Al.
2. the castmethod of a super large-scale aluminium alloy slab ingot as claimed in claim 1, comprise batching, melting, insulation, online refinery by de-gassing, grain refining, casting, homogenizing processing, it is characterized in that: described batching is to be 99.7% remelted aluminum ingot and 5083 aluminium alloy returns consumptions according to the alloying constituent calculated purity, then carry out mix, the per-cent that 5083 aluminium alloy returns consumptions account for total input amount is 0.1 ~ 60%.
3. the castmethod of super large-scale aluminium alloy slab ingot according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: described melting is will prepare burden first good remelted aluminum ingot and 5083 aluminium alloy returns input smelting furnace, and then adds AlMn75 master alloy, AlCr75 master alloy; Furnace charge stirs 10min～30min after smelting furnace melts, change holding furnace over to after temperature of aluminum liquid reaches 735 ℃～755 ℃.
4. according to claim 2 or the castmethod of 3 described super large-scale aluminium alloy slab ingots, it is characterized in that: described insulation refers to that aluminium liquid is incubated in holding furnace, temperature is controlled at 735 ℃～755 ℃, then add first the AlMn75 master alloy and carry out the composition adjustment, add again AlTi6, the pure magnesium ingot adjusting component, after finishing, the composition adjustment carries out elementary refining 10min～15min, elementary refining argon flow amount 50 ~ 60L/min keeps stirring the cleaning scum silica frost in the elementary refining process.
5. the castmethod of super large-scale aluminium alloy slab ingot according to claim 4, it is characterized in that: described online refinery by de-gassing is to flow into degasifying device through the aluminium liquid of elementary refining to carry out online refinery by de-gassing, rotor argon flow amount 150 ~ 180L/min, rotor speed 400 ~ 500rpm/min.
6. the castmethod of super large-scale aluminium alloy slab ingot according to claim 5, it is characterized in that: described grain refining is after degasifying device, enter before the filtration unit, in aluminium liquid, add the aluminium Ti, B grain graining agent and carry out grain refining, its add-on is 1 ~ 1.5 kg/t Al, and the aluminium liquid after the grain refining enters filtration unit and filters.
7. according to claim 5 or the castmethod of 6 described super large-scale aluminium alloy slab ingots, it is characterized in that: the aluminium liquid after described casting will be filtered is put into the slab ingot shunting disk, be cast as the slab ingot of 650 * 2750mm, casting speed 20mm/min～50mm/min, before casting, open first water quench, flow 25 ~ 65 m
3/ hr, pressure are 0.09～0.11Mpa.
8. the castmethod of super large-scale aluminium alloy slab ingot according to claim 7, it is characterized in that: described homogenizing is processed and is referred to that the slab ingot that casting is good was soaking pit heating 7 ~ 9 hours, be incubated 23 ~ 25 hours after temperature reaches 580 ~ 600 ℃, at last cooling is finished.
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