CN102899512A - Superplasticity densification processing method and device of ceramic-granule-reinforced aluminum-base gradient composite material - Google Patents
Superplasticity densification processing method and device of ceramic-granule-reinforced aluminum-base gradient composite material Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a superplasticity densification processing method of a ceramic-granule-reinforced aluminum-base gradient composite material. An isometric fine crystal (the grain size is less than 5.0 mu m) structure which is especially contained in the jet deposition blank is utilized to carry out integral superplasticity hot densification on the composite material in the mold at 560-580 DEG C at the strain rate of (0.3-1.3)mm/s. The method comprises the following steps: (A) pressing with a convex or concave staircase pressure head; (B) pressing with a flat pressure head; (C) carrying out secondary pressing with the convex or concave staircase pressure head; and (D) carrying out secondary pressing with the flat pressure head. The superplasticity densification device of a ceramic-granule-reinforced aluminum-base gradient composite material mainly comprises a hydraulic press (1), a pressure head (2), an aluminum-base composite material (3), a gasket (4), a limiter (5), a heater (6), a worktable (7), a backing plate (8) and a mold (9), wherein the pressure head is of a staircase type, each stair is 0.5-3.0mm high, the number of steps is 5-15, and the step edge uses a circular arc for transition. In conclusion, the invention has the advantages of reasonable step design, simple structure, reliable performance and the like, and is convenient to manufacture.
Description
One, technical field
The present invention relates to the ceramic particle reinforced aluminium base composite material technical field, particularly a kind of ceramic particle concentration is whole superplasticity hot densification method and the device of the non-fine and close blank of aluminum matrix composite of continuous gradient distribution.
Two, background technology
The concentration that so-called ceramic particle reinforced aluminium base continuous gradient matrix material refers to ceramic particle on matrix material height (or thickness) direction from high to low (or from low to high) is continuous gradient and distributes.The top layer of this material presents the characteristics of high rigidity, high-modulus, low-expansion coefficient, high-wearing feature because containing higher volume fraction pottery enhanced granule, but plasticity and toughness are not ideal enough; Inwards along with the reduction of ceramic particle content, plasticity and the toughness of matrix material raise gradually by the top layer.This matrix material is applied on the heavily loaded brake component, has surperficial drag friction polishing machine excellent, alloy matrix aluminum thermal conduction and perfect heat-dissipating, from outward appearance to inner essence matrix is strengthened gradually to germinating and the expansion obstruction ability of crackle, and then plasticity and toughness significantly improves, and significantly improves the advantages such as security.This result of use of aluminium base continuous gradient matrix material obviously is better than the aluminum matrix composite that ceramic particle is evenly distributed.
It is very large that ceramic particle is the aluminum-based gradient composite material difficulty of preparation technology that continuous gradient distributes, and large size material particularly is such as the cylinder ingot blank of diameter greater than φ 300mm.For example, adopt centrifugal casting can't obtain being the ingot casting that continuous gradient distributes along short transverse ceramic particle concentration, and because setting rate is little, and grain structure and the precipitated phase of matrix alloy are thick, the insufficient strength of material is desirable; When adopting powder metallurgic method to prepare gradient composites, because powder is to pile up layer by layer, there is sudden change in the ceramic particle concentration of interlayer, is difficult to continuous distribution, and powder exists oxidation and pollution problem, and plasticity and the toughness of material is had disadvantageous effect.Applicant has applied for that on March 11st, 2010 to Patent Office a kind of method of spray co deposition that adopts prepares the method that ceramic particle is the aluminum matrix composite of continuous gradient distribution, application number is 201010122076.3, the method has obtained success, has solved well the technology of preparing difficult problem of materials.
Adopt the standby this aluminum-based gradient composite material ingot blank relative density of spray co deposition legal system between 85% ~ 95%, there are more hole and various settled layer sputters border, granule boundary, fail to realize metallurgical seam, mechanical property is very undesirable, therefore must carry out densification processing.Particularly, be combined undertighten owing to strengthening as the interface of ceramic particle between alloy substrate, this is to cause matrix material plasticity and the dissatisfactory one of the main reasons of toughness.
Because organizing of aluminum-based gradient composite material is special, particularly the viscous deformation behavior difference of different aspects is very large on height (or thickness) direction, and this has just brought very large difficulty to densification.When adopting conventional pressure sintering to carry out densification, deposit preform in die cavity along the compressed densification of short transverse, what deposit preform bore is the three-dimensional hydrostaticpressure, hole in the deposit preform can pressing, but because shear-free flow is moving or faint shear flow is only arranged, can't eliminates the border and realize metallurgical seam; Simultaneously, if hot pressing temperature is higher, the dwell time is partially long, also easily cause crystal grain and precipitated phase alligatoring, the mechanical property of material is not ideal enough; If the size of blank (such as diameter greater than φ 300mm) bigger than normal is all very high to the tonnagedemand of mould and densification equipment, cause production cost too high.Adopt hot isostatic pressing also can realize densification, but the three-dimensional hydrostaticpressure can't realize the metallurgical seam between hole inwall and sputter border equally, and the densification cost of large size blank is too high.There is research to adopt undersized wedge to press pressure head that the square base of the equally distributed jet deposition aluminum matrix composite of ceramic particle concentration (patent No. 200610031567.0) and ring (patent No. 200510031975.1) have been carried out densification processing, realize gross distortion by multi-pass small deformation accumulative total, obtained preferably densification effect, but the problem that exists is: in pressing process, because the size of wedge shaped pressure head is much smaller than deposit preform, what deposit preform carried out when compacting is non-binding viscous deformation, the shear flow deformation extent is very little, and the efficiency of densification of large size blank is on the low side, and the homogeneity of structure of material is not ideal enough.
Above-mentioned these densifying methods all are not suitable for the densification of aluminum-based gradient composite material large size blank, therefore a kind of novel densifying method of necessary development is realized the full densification of large size material, the rapid solidification tissue that keeps material, the excellent mechanical property of acquisition to realizing at little tonnage equipment.
The grain structure of considering jet deposition aluminum matrix composite blank is fine equiax crystal (grain-size＜5.0 μ m), has tissue hyper-plastic, some material system even have high strain rate superplasticity can be applied to this effect in the densification of jet deposition blank.In order to solve the aluminum-based gradient composite material deposit preform between the inwall of densification process mesoporosity and the metallurgical seam problem on sputter border, the mould that needs the design special construction, study corresponding densification process, to guarantee that deposit preform sufficient shear plasticity occurs flows in the superplasticity densification process.
Three, summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to overcome the many weak points that exist in the above-mentioned technology, and provide a kind of large-size ceramic enhanced granule concentration to be the whole superplasticity hot densification of the jet deposition aluminum matrix composite method that continuous gradient distributes, can eliminate the space, the settled layer sputter border that exist in the blank, realize metallurgical seam, to obtain excellent mechanical property; Can under less compacting tonnage, realize simultaneously the whole densification of large size blank.
In order to solve the technical problem of above-mentioned existence, the technical solution used in the present invention is:
A kind of superplasticity densifying processing method of ceramic particle reinforced aluminum-based gradient composite material, utilize distinctive thin brilliant (grain-size＜5.0 μ m) tissue of axle that waits of jet deposition blank, be that 560 ° of C-580 ° of C and strain rate are under (0.3-1.3) mm/s in temperature, matrix material in the mould is carried out whole superplasticity hot densification, and the method may further comprise the steps:
(A) convex or spill staged pressure head are exerted pressure: convex or spill staged pressure head are exerted pressure to aluminum matrix composite, pressurize 5-10min when pressing pressure keeps constant.
(B) the concora crush head is exerted pressure: the concora crush head is exerted pressure to aluminum matrix composite, pressurize 5-10min when pressing pressure keeps constant.
(C) convex or spill staged pressure head are exerted pressure for the second time: aluminum matrix composite is fallen turnback, re-use convex or spill staged pressure head is exerted pressure to aluminum matrix composite, pressurize 5-10min when pressing pressure keeps constant.
(D) the concora crush head is exerted pressure for the second time: the concora crush head is exerted pressure to aluminum matrix composite, pressurize 5-10min when pressing pressure keeps constant.
The superplasticity densifying processing method of ceramic particle reinforced aluminum-based gradient composite material in sum, the diameter of described aluminum matrix composite is than die cavity internal diameter little (5-15) mm.
The superplasticity densifying processing method of ceramic particle reinforced aluminum-based gradient composite material in sum describedly is incubated in pressurize, and holding temperature is 560 ° of C-580 ° of C.
The superplasticity densifying processing method of ceramic particle reinforced aluminum-based gradient composite material in sum, the pressure that described pressure head is exerted pressure to aluminum matrix composite is (10-30) MPa.
A kind of device of superplasticity densification of ceramic particle reinforced aluminum-based gradient composite material, mainly comprise: hydropress (1), pressure head (2), aluminum matrix composite (3), pad (4), stop means (5), heating unit (6), worktable (7), backing plate (8) and mould (9), described pressure head is staged, the height of each step is (0.5-3.0) mm, the number of plies of step is the 5-15 layer, and step edge adopts arc transition.
The device of the superplasticity densification of ceramic particle reinforced aluminum-based gradient composite material in sum, described pressure head end face is rendered as plane, convex form or concave shape.
The device of the superplasticity densification of ceramic particle reinforced aluminum-based gradient composite material in sum is provided with heating unit (6) in the described mould (9).
The device of the superplasticity densification of ceramic particle reinforced aluminum-based gradient composite material in sum, described heating unit (6) heats mould (9) and aluminum matrix composite (3), and Heating temperature is 560 ° of C-580 ° of C.
The present invention compared with prior art has the following advantages: method of the present invention can realize large jet deposited cylindrical ingot blank is carried out densification processing, realizes that the apparatus structure of the method is simple, easily manufactured, dependable performance.In addition, use basic thought of the present invention, if the adjustment that mould and indenter shape are adapted, as adopt square many steps of monoblock type pressure head in conjunction with the plane pressure head or adopt circular die to be equipped with fan-shaped many steps of monoblock type pressure head, namely can realize jetting deposited square shaped blank, annular ingot blank realization densification processing.
Four, description of drawings
Fig. 1 is superplasticity densification device structural representation of the present invention;
Fig. 2 (a) is the concora crush end surface structural representation of apparatus of the present invention;
Fig. 2 (b) is the convex ladder pressure head end face structure schematic diagram of apparatus of the present invention;
Fig. 2 (c) is the matrix ladder pressure head end face structure schematic diagram of apparatus of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is that the staged pressure head of apparatus of the present invention is in conjunction with plane pressure head densification aluminum matrix composite blank schematic diagram;
Fig. 4 is that the staged pressure head of apparatus of the present invention is in conjunction with plane pressure head densification aluminum matrix composite blank strain regions domain analysis figure;
Fig. 5 (a) is that blank is the metallographic structure cross section stereoscan photograph that the 0mm place is taken at height h after the superplasticity densification of the present invention;
Fig. 5 (b) is that blank is the metallographic structure cross section stereoscan photograph that the 15mm place is taken at height h after the superplasticity densification of the present invention;
Fig. 5 (c) is that blank is the metallographic structure cross section stereoscan photograph that the 30mm place is taken at height h after the superplasticity densification of the present invention;
Fig. 5 (d) is that blank is the metallographic structure cross section stereoscan photograph that the 45mm place is taken at height h after the superplasticity densification of the present invention;
Fig. 6 is the 6066Al/SiCp material mechanical performance analysis chart at different SiC content of the present invention place;
Fig. 7 (a) is to be the metallographic structure cross section stereoscan photograph that the 0mm place is taken at height h after the 6066Al/SiCp material superplasticity of the present invention densification;
Fig. 7 (b) is to be the metallographic structure cross section stereoscan photograph that the 30mm place is taken at height h after the 6066Al/SiCp material superplasticity of the present invention densification;
Fig. 7 (c) is to be the metallographic structure cross section stereoscan photograph that the 70mm place is taken at height h after the 6066Al/SiCp material superplasticity of the present invention densification;
Fig. 7 (d) is to be the metallographic structure cross section stereoscan photograph that the 90mm place is taken at height h after the 6066Al/SiCp material superplasticity of the present invention densification;
The component name is called shown in the attached number in the figure: the 1-hydropress; The 2-pressure head; 3-aluminum matrix composite blank; The 4-pad; The 5-stop means; The 6-heating unit; The 7-worktable; The 8-backing plate; The 9-mould.
Five, embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing the specific embodiment of the present invention is done further and to be elaborated:
The present invention adopts thermal simulation experiment to verify to treat the relation of Superplastic Compressive Strain processing condition, particularly texturing temperature, strain rate and flow stress of the aluminum-based gradient composite material of densification.The selection of optimal processing parameter is according to being: carry out superplastic deformation with flow stress and the maximum strain rate of minimum under the grain structure that guarantees alloy substrate and prerequisite that precipitated phase does not occur obviously to grow up, and sample can the cracking phenomenon.
According to the size of die cavity, will treat that the gradient composites deposition blank of densification is processed into the sample of desired size.In order to guarantee that the horizontal plastic property that sample can occur to a certain degree flows in the compression set process, the diameter of sample should less than die cavity internal diameter (5-15) mm.
In pressing process mould add the thermal recovery electrothermal tube, by temperature control mechanism with heating and temperature control in 560 ° of C-580 ° C scope, sample is placed on simultaneously heating in the die cavity.Adopt the thermocouple measurement Heating temperature, soaking time is 10min., with the homogeneity that guarantees temperature in the hot pressing engineering and stable.
After mould and sample reach preset temperature, on four-column hydraulic press, by a pressure head blank in the die cavity is carried out compression set.In order to realize that the superplasticity of alloy substrate in the compression set process flows, need to control the pressing speed of pressure head, concrete data are determined by thermal simulation experiment.Take the stepped start-stop system pressure method, progressively improve pressure, pressure-controlling increases draught, until pressed full journey at (10.0-30.0) MPa.Then with after the demoulding of hot pressing blank, being machined to the reservation size, guarantee that gap size at (3-5) mm, carries out same compacting with identical parameter from another side again, make the equally distributed purpose of density of material to reach.
In order to realize that shear flow distortion to a certain degree can occur sample in the Superplastic Compressive Strain process, designed pressure head end face as shown in Figure 2, different pressure heads is made up the sample densification.Concrete pressing process as shown in Figure 3, the densification strain regions domain analysis figure of blank is as shown in Figure 4.This densifying method is a kind of staged pressure head compacting densification process, in triturating, blank in the die cavity carries out is whole longitudinal compression and lateral shear flow deformation under a kind of constraint condition, the superplasticity densifying processing method of concrete ceramic particle reinforced aluminum-based gradient composite material, step is as follows:
(1) aluminum matrix composite is put into die cavity, mould by temperature control mechanism with heating and temperature control in 560 ° of C-580C ° of scopes, clamping convex staged pressure head on four-column hydraulic press, convex staged pressure head is exerted pressure to aluminum matrix composite under the driving of four-column hydraulic press, and four-column hydraulic press resets behind pressurize when pressure to be pressed keeps constant (5-10) min.
(2) clamping concora crush head on four-column hydraulic press, the concora crush head is exerted pressure to aluminum matrix composite under the driving of four-column hydraulic press, the aluminum matrix composite that will be the pit shape flattens, when pressure to be pressed keeps constant behind the pressurize 5-10min four-column hydraulic press reset.
(3) clamping convex staged pressure head on four-column hydraulic press, aluminum matrix composite in the mould is fallen turnback, convex staged pressure head is exerted pressure again to aluminum matrix composite under the driving of four-column hydraulic press, aluminum matrix composite is being pressed into and occuring by the outside plastic flow in center with pressure head in die cavity, the side direction superplasticity occurs and flows in the cavity that surrounds by filling pressure head end face and aluminum matrix composite surface, utilize equally the height of step and flow behavior that width retrains aluminum matrix composite and produce lateral shear and flow, when pressure to be pressed keeps constant behind the pressurize 5-10min four-column hydraulic press reset.
(4) clamping concora crush head on four-column hydraulic press, the concora crush head is exerted pressure to aluminum matrix composite under the driving of four-column hydraulic press, and the aluminum matrix composite surface is flattened, and four-column hydraulic press resets behind pressurize when pressure to be pressed keeps constant (5-10) min.
In densification process, realize metallurgical seam in order to make hole inwall, settled layer sputter border in the sample, improve the mechanical property of compacting sample, designed special-purpose staged compacting pressure head, the key of indenter shape design is the height of end face numbers of steps and each step, the height of each step is between 0.5-3.0mm, the number of plies basis of step must be decided by deflection, and between the 5-15 layer, step edge adopts arc transition.This pressure head can guarantee that the composite sample in the die cavity carries out simultaneously axial crushing deformation and lateral shear and flows under whole constraint condition, to guarantee that blank does not ftracture at superplastic deformation condition lower surface.
Embodiment one
This embodiment illustrates the superplasticity densifying method of the aluminium base continuous gradient matrix material of Al-20Si-3Cu-1Mg/SiCp of the present invention jet deposition blank:
Use pressure head as shown in Figure 2, adopt above-mentioned procedure of processing, carried out superplasticity densification processing according to following processing parameter, the gap size that sample is of a size of φ 570mm, sample and die cavity is 15mm, 570 ℃ of the press temperatures of blank, mould heat pressure temperature are 580 ℃, pressing pressure (10-30) MPa (the compacting tons gross is less than 600 tons), the compacting strain rate is 1.3mm/s, the dwell time after the compacting is 10 minutes.
Gradient composites and primary deposit blank Performance Ratio through densification are more as shown in table 1, and after employing staged pressure head carried out whole superplasticity densification, the relative density of blank reached 99.0%, near theoretical density; Mechanical property improves about 80%.
Table 1 monoblock type superplasticity densifying method is on the impact of aluminium base continuous gradient composite property
Through the microstructure of the gradient composites blank of superplasticity densification as shown in Figure 5, the hole in the visible material and various sputters border disappear, and are combined closely in the interface of SiC ceramic particle between alloy substrate.
Embodiment two
This embodiment illustrates the superplasticity densifying method of the aluminium base continuous gradient matrix material of 6066Al/SiCp of the present invention jet deposition blank;
Use pressure head as shown in Figure 2, adopt above-mentioned procedure of processing, carried out superplasticity densification processing according to following processing parameter: the gap size that sample is of a size of φ 280mm, sample and die cavity is 10mm, 570 ℃ of the press temperatures of blank, mould heat pressure temperature are 580 ℃, pressing pressure (10-30) MPa (the compacting tons gross is the 200-300 ton), the compacting strain rate is (0.3-1.3) mm/s, dwell time after the compacting is 10min, and sample was of a size of φ 300mm after compacting was finished.Drawing method is identical with the aluminium base continuous gradient matrix material of compacting Al-20Si-3Cu-1Mg/SiCp.After testing, the sample relative density after the compacting has reached more than 99.0%, and the highest local density reaches 99.8%.Suppress the stress strain curve of rear material as shown in Figure 6, as seen from the figure, tensile strength has been up to 428.0MPa, elongation reaches more than 7.0%.
Suppress the microstructure picture of sample as shown in Figure 7, the space in the visible material and various sputters border disappear, and are combined closely in the interface of SiC ceramic particle between alloy substrate.
The specific embodiment of the invention in sum is not for the restriction that limits protection domain of the present invention.Therefore, any any modification of within technical characterictic of the present invention, doing, be equal to and replace and improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. the superplasticity densifying processing method of a ceramic particle reinforced aluminum-based gradient composite material, it is characterized in that: utilize distinctive thin brilliant (grain-size＜5.0 μ m) tissue of axle that waits of jet deposition blank, be that 560 ° of C-580 ° of C and strain rate are 0.3-1.3mm/s in temperature, aluminum matrix composite blank in the mould is carried out whole superplasticity hot densification, and the method may further comprise the steps:
(A) convex or spill staged pressure head are exerted pressure: convex or spill staged pressure head are exerted pressure to aluminum matrix composite, pressurize 5-10min when pressing pressure keeps constant.
(B) the concora crush head is exerted pressure: the concora crush head is exerted pressure to aluminum matrix composite, pressurize 5-10min when pressing pressure keeps constant.
(C) convex or spill staged pressure head are exerted pressure for the second time: aluminum matrix composite is fallen turnback, re-use convex or spill staged pressure head is exerted pressure to aluminum matrix composite, pressurize 5-10min when pressing pressure keeps constant.
(D) the concora crush head is exerted pressure for the second time: the concora crush head is exerted pressure to aluminum matrix composite, pressurize 5-10min when pressing pressure keeps constant.
2. the superplasticity densifying processing method of ceramic particle reinforced aluminum-based gradient composite material according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the diameter of described aluminum matrix composite is than the little 5-15mm of die cavity internal diameter.
3. the superplasticity densifying processing method of ceramic particle reinforced aluminum-based gradient composite material according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: be incubated in pressurize, holding temperature is 560 ° of C-580 ° of C.
4. the superplasticity densifying processing method of ceramic particle reinforced aluminum-based gradient composite material according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the pressure that described pressure head is exerted pressure to aluminum matrix composite is 10-30MPa.
5. the device of the superplasticity densification of a ceramic particle reinforced aluminum-based gradient composite material, mainly comprise: hydropress (1), pressure head (2), aluminum matrix composite (3), pad (4), stop means (5), heating unit (6), worktable (7), backing plate (8) and mould (9), it is characterized in that: described pressure head is staged, the height of each step is 0.5-3.0mm, the number of plies of step is the 5-15 layer, and step edge adopts arc transition.
6. the device of the superplasticity densification of ceramic particle reinforced aluminum-based gradient composite material according to claim 5, it is characterized in that: described pressure head end face is rendered as plane, convex form or concave shape.
7. the device of the superplasticity densification of ceramic particle reinforced aluminum-based gradient composite material according to claim 5 is characterized in that: be provided with heating unit (6) in the described mould (9).
8. according to claim 5 or the device of the superplasticity densification of 7 described ceramic particle reinforced aluminum-based gradient composite materials, it is characterized in that: described heating unit (6) heats mould (9) and aluminum matrix composite (3), and Heating temperature is 560 ° of C-580 ° of C.
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| CN103668013A (en) * | 2013-11-12 | 2014-03-26 | 江苏大学 | Method for super-plastic pretreatment of in situ aluminum base composite material |
| CN109049280A (en) * | 2018-07-16 | 2018-12-21 | 昆明理工大学 | A kind of production equipment and application method of space structure precast body |
| CN113234904A (en) * | 2021-05-10 | 2021-08-10 | 烟台大学 | High-flux preparation method and device of gradient material |
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| CN1718356A (en) * | 2005-08-05 | 2006-01-11 | 湖南大学 | Densifying processing method of large jet deposited ring part and its device |
| CN1873043A (en) * | 2006-04-27 | 2006-12-06 | 湖南大学 | Fabricating method for densifying jetting deposited square shaped blank in large size, and equipment |
| CN101168177A (en) * | 2007-11-07 | 2008-04-30 | 湖南大学 | Deformation method and device for gradient temperature wedge pressure for injecting and depositing porous material |
| CN101684520A (en) * | 2008-09-26 | 2010-03-31 | 北京有色金属研究总院 | Ultrasonic-assisted densification device |
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| CN1718356A (en) * | 2005-08-05 | 2006-01-11 | 湖南大学 | Densifying processing method of large jet deposited ring part and its device |
| CN1873043A (en) * | 2006-04-27 | 2006-12-06 | 湖南大学 | Fabricating method for densifying jetting deposited square shaped blank in large size, and equipment |
| CN101168177A (en) * | 2007-11-07 | 2008-04-30 | 湖南大学 | Deformation method and device for gradient temperature wedge pressure for injecting and depositing porous material |
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| CN103668013A (en) * | 2013-11-12 | 2014-03-26 | 江苏大学 | Method for super-plastic pretreatment of in situ aluminum base composite material |
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