CN102898589A - Novel environment-friendly high-molecular polymerized emulsion and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Novel environment-friendly high-molecular polymerized emulsion and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a novel environment-friendly high-molecular polymerized emulsion and a preparation method thereof. The polymerized emulsion comprises, by weight, 5 to 40% of a natural high-molecular polymer, 50 to 90% of a monomer, 0.02 to 5% of a modifier and 0.2 to 0.5% of an initiator, with the balance being water. According to the invention, the modifier is used to treat the high-molecular polymer to obtain a high-molecular modification compound having dispersion and emulsification effects during emulsion polymerization and used as a reducing agent for a redox initiation system. The compound and proper proportioned components consisting of the monomer, a water-soluble peralcohol and/or other water-soluble reducing agent undergo polymerization under certain conditions, so a light blue transparent polymer particle (micelle) dispersion system can be obtained, and soap-free polymer emulsions with different particle sizes and different core-shell structures can be synthesized. The polymerized emulsion provided by the invention has the characteristics of capacity of film forming at room temperature, excellent stability, nontoxicity, no odor, high activity and the like and can be widely used in fields like papermaking, printing, weaving, coatings, water-based paints, etc.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of preparation method of novel environment friendly high molecular polymerization emulsion, especially also relate to a kind of novel environment friendly high molecular polymerization emulsion.
Background technology
Along with rapid development of economy, the improving constantly of the level of urbanization and people's production level, the types of functionality chemical has progressed in people's the life, and the form that these Functional Chemicals are no lack of with polymerized emulsion occurs.The basic recipe of conventional emulsion polymerization is made of monomer, water, water soluble starter and water soluble emulsifier four components.Use emulsifying agent to carry out letex polymerization, process control procedure is strict, strengthens the difficulty of production control, even the little trial product of some maturation can't adapt to the change of working condition and be difficult to and transforms to large production; And general emulsion all need add various emulsifying agents latex is stablized when synthetic, polymerization just is adsorbed on the micelle surface after finishing, difficulty washes, the use of emulsifying agent will increase the production cost of product on the one hand, on the other hand since when emulsifying agent will be dry with emulsion film forming after using the volatilization of moisture content to the surface transport of film, to environment.Use in addition the synthetic emulsion of emulsifying agent, the stability of its electrical property, optical property, surface properties, water tolerance, product (chemicals-resistant stability, mechanical stability, freeze-stable) etc. all can descend because of the use of emulsifying agent, affects the final result of use of product.
General emulsion has minimum film-forming temperature, emulsion is difficult for film forming when envrionment temperature is lower than the emulsion film forming temperature, must in emulsion, add film coalescence aid, improve emulsion film forming mechanism, help film forming, film coalescence aid commonly used is the strong solvent of ether alcohol class superpolymer, such as propandiol butyl ether, 1-Methoxy-2-propyl acetate etc.And also must add frostproofer for the emulsion of using under the cold conditions in the winter time, and prevent under the low temperature that moisture freezes in the emulsion, guarantee that emulsion property does not change, the frostproofer of reduction freezing point commonly used has low-carbon (LC) alcohols, dibasic alcohol and amides etc.Although film coalescence aid and connection freeze agent and all can volatilize behind the emulsion film forming, can not affect the characteristic of filming, and evaporate into airborne film coalescence aid and frostproofer and all can to environment, cause certain malicious secondary hurt to human body.
Use emulsifying agent that it is restricted in production and some Application Areas in the letex polymerization, can consider to adopt soap-free polymerization.So-called " soap-free polymerization ", just in original formulation, do not add emulsifying agent or only add micro-emulsifying agent below the micelle-forming concentration, utilize initiator or polar monomer, on polymkeric substance, make polymerisate itself just become surfactant-like polarity or ionogenic chemical bonding.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is: a kind of novel environment friendly high molecular polymerization emulsion and preparation method thereof is provided.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the technical scheme that adopts is:
A kind of novel environment friendly high molecular polymerization emulsion is comprised of according to weight percent following component: natural polymers 5-40%, monomer 50-90%, properties-correcting agent 0.02-5%, initiator 0.2-0.5%, water surplus.
Described natural polymers can be starch, starch derivative, protein, Mierocrystalline cellulose, chitin, chitosan etc.
Described properties-correcting agent can be a kind of in biological enzyme, hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, aqueous sodium hypochlorite solution, hydrogen peroxide and the ammonium persulphate or their combination.
Described graft copolymerization monomer can be vinyl monomer and some carboxylic-acid monomers, amides monomer, hydroxy kind monomer, sulphonic acids monomer etc.
Vinyl monomer is vinylbenzene, acrylate, methacrylic ester, vinyl acetate, vinyl cyanide;
The carboxylic-acid monomer is vinylformic acid, methacrylic acid, methylene-succinic acid, fumaric acid and toxilic acid;
Acrylamide monomers is acrylamide, Methacrylamide, N hydroxymethyl acrylamide, N,N-DMAA etc.;
The hydroxy kind monomer is hydroxyethyl methylacrylate, Hydroxyethyl acrylate, Rocryl 410, Propylene glycol monoacrylate;
The sulphonic acids monomer is Sodium styrene sulfonate, ethyl propenoate sodium sulfonate, β-dimethyl-aminoethylmethacrylate sodium sulfonate, 2-methallylsulfonic acid sodium, acrylamido methyl propane sulfonic acid sodium.
Described initiator is redox initiation system, comprise water-soluble peralcohol and water-soluble reductive agent in the redox initiation system, wherein water-soluble peralcohol is a kind of in hydrogen peroxide, ammonium persulphate, Potassium Persulphate, the Sodium Persulfate, and water-soluble reductive agent is Fe
2+, Cu
+, NaHSO
3, Na
2SO
3, Na
2S
3O
3In a kind of.
Described water is deionized water.
A kind of preparation method of novel environment friendly high molecular polymerization emulsion may further comprise the steps:
(1) with the natural polymers water-dispersion, join and be equipped with in the churned mechanically reactor, start stirring, be warming up to 60-100 ℃, with modifier treatment for having the macromolecule modified compound of dispersion and emulsion effect when the letex polymerization;
(2) a small amount of graft copolymerization monomer and initiator are joined in the reactor, make comonomer and macromolecule modified compound graft copolymerization form polymer billet (bundle) dispersion system, temperature 50-95 ℃, time 15-30 minute;
(3) stirring is lower drips mix monomer and initiator from header tank simultaneously in reactor, maintain the temperature between 50-95 ℃, drips off in 1-3 hour, reacts 30-60 minute;
(4) logical cold water is cooled to below 50 ℃, filters, and obtains product.
The present invention is treated to the macromolecule modified compound that has the dispersion and emulsion effect when the letex polymerization with natural polymers, form dispersion system with the monomer-grafted copolymerization of copolymerization, carry out seeded emulsion polymerization with comonomer again and form polymer nucleocapsid structure soap-free emulsion.Emulsifier-free, frostproofer, film coalescence aid etc. in the emulsion, Glass Transition Temperature of Latex can be regulated in the graft polymerization process according to requirements.
Utilize properties-correcting agent that the natural polymerses such as starch, protein, Mierocrystalline cellulose are treated to and have the dispersion and emulsion effect when the letex polymerization, and can form redox initiation system with the peralcohol initiator, as the natural macromolecule modification compound of reductive agent use.
The macromolecule modified compound that the present invention is used and the monomer of definite composition, water-soluble peralcohol, adding or do not add other water-soluble reductive agents, polymerization under certain polymerizing condition, can obtain little indigo plant, transparent polymer billet (bundle) dispersion system, take this micelle (bundle) dispersion system as macromolecule emulsifier, adopt seed emulsion polymerization, can synthesize the soap-free polymerization thing emulsion of different-grain diameter, different IPs shell structure.
Another feature of the present invention is the treatment process of natural macromolecule modification compound.When the degree of degradation of natural macromolecule modified compound is higher, the particle diameter of polymerisate may diminish to about 0.1-0.2um when forming the aqueous solution.When the degree of degradation of natural macromolecule modified compound lower, to such an extent as to when forming the swelling particulate, the graft polymerization product then is thicker particle.The different-grain diameter emulsion will satisfy respectively the different application demand.
Different steps in polymerization adopts different monomers, then forms the micelle of nucleocapsid structure, at the interface formation grafting layer of nuclear with shell, increases both consistency and bonding forces, improves mechanical property.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: (1) relies on mutual bonding film-forming between the volatilization of emulsion drying process moisture content, the emulsion particle, and no matter how high the second-order transition temperature of polymkeric substance is, can be not by the furtherance film and film forming, and can drying at room temperature; (2) freezing, mechanical, the dilution of emulsion, chemical stability are splendid, even low temperature freezes and also can not change its performance, only need melt fully and stir and can normally use, do not affect result of use, therefore need not add frostproofer, and any mechanical shear stress can not make its breakdown of emulsion; (3) nucleocapsid structure is integrated the performance graft polymerization of natural polymers and plastics; (4) emulsion nontoxic, tasteless, without organic volatile (VOC) discharging, heavy metal free, environmental protection; (5) taking full advantage of natural polymers is renewable resources, and product health, biodegradable through recycling can environmental contamination reduction, and economy is environmental protection again; (6) utilize the hydroxyl on emulsion particle surface, the reactivity of carboxyl, can add various solidifying agent with hydroxyl, carboxyl reaction and make the high-performance emulsion; (7) emulsion is of many uses, can be widely used in the fields such as papermaking, printing, weaving, building, family's coatings, water-miscible paint.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1:
(1) W-Gum 180kg, water content is 14wt%, deionized water 500kg joins and is equipped with in the churned mechanically reactor, stirs, and adds biological enzyme 0.6kg, is warming up to 100 ℃, reacts 30 minutes;
(2) temperature of adjustment natural polymer emulsifying agent is 65 ℃, add ammonium persulphate 0.1kg, sodium bisulfite 0.1kg adds vinylbenzene 5kg, vinyl cyanide 15kg, butyl acrylate 5kg mix monomer, reacted 15 minutes, and obtained being the polymer dispersion liquid of micella attitude;
(3) stirring is lower drips mix monomer and initiator from header tank simultaneously in reactor, keep 65 ℃ of temperature, dripped off in 3 hours, wherein mix monomer is vinylbenzene 70kg, butyl acrylate 93kg, vinyl cyanide 78kg, vinylformic acid 20kg, wherein initiator is the combination of ammonium persulfate aqueous solution and sodium bisulfite, the ammonium persulfate aqueous solution preparation method is: the 1.2kg ammonium persulphate adds 160kg deionized water and stirring dissolve complete, sodium bisulfite 0.7kg;
(4) logical cold water is cooled to below 50 ℃, filters with 120 eye mesh screens, obtains novel environment friendly weaving stiffening agent emulsion, in 30% concentration by weight, pH value: the viscosity under 4.6,25 ℃ is 700Mpa.s (NDJ-1 rotational viscosimeter), emulsion film forming is good, mechanical stability and chemical stability are good, and be good with water, amylodextrin consistency, strong adhesion, the well-pressed high resilience of fabric after the arrangement, stiffening lasting, water-fastness, the not deliquescing of making moist of effect, the fabric aberration is little.
Embodiment 2:
(1) Mierocrystalline cellulose 105kg, deionized water 450kg joins and is equipped with in the churned mechanically reactor, stirs, and adds Sodium Persulfate 5.10kg, is warming up to 70 ℃, reacts 15 minutes;
(2) to reactor, add methyl methacrylate 15kg, Isooctyl acrylate monomer 10kg mix monomer, reacted 30 minutes, obtain the polymer micelle dispersion liquid of transparent little indigo plant;
(3) stirring is lower drips mix monomer and initiator from header tank simultaneously in reactor, keep temperature 70 C, dripped off in 3 hours, wherein mix monomer is methyl methacrylate 152kg, Isooctyl acrylate monomer 100kg, Rocryl 410 19.5kg, vinylformic acid 5.9kg, wherein initiator is sodium persulfate aqueous solution, and the preparation method is: 2kg Sodium Persulfate+150kg deionized water and stirring dissolve complete;
(4) logical cold water is cooled to below 50 ℃, filter with 120 eye mesh screens, the Binders for Water-borne Printing Ink emulsion, in 42% concentration by weight, the viscosity under 25 ℃ is 58 " (being coated with the 4# viscometer); particle diameter is 170nm; emulsion is penetrating, good film-forming property, water-fast, alkaline resistance properties is good; that mechanical stability and chemical stability are good, strong adhesion.
Claims (10)
1. a novel environment friendly high molecular polymerization emulsion is comprised of according to weight percent following component: natural polymers 5-40%, graft copolymerization monomer 50-90%, properties-correcting agent 0.02-5%, initiator 0.2-0.5%, water surplus.
2. novel environment friendly high molecular polymerization emulsion according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described natural polymers is selected from starch, starch derivative, protein, Mierocrystalline cellulose, chitin, the chitosan one or more.
3. novel environment friendly high molecular polymerization emulsion according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described properties-correcting agent is a kind of in biological enzyme, hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, aqueous sodium hypochlorite solution, hydrogen peroxide and the ammonium persulphate or their combination.
4. novel environment friendly high molecular polymerization emulsion according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described graft copolymerization monomer is in vinyl monomer, carboxylic-acid monomer, amides monomer, hydroxy kind monomer, the sulphonic acids monomer one or more;
Vinyl monomer is vinylbenzene, acrylate, methacrylic ester, vinyl acetate, vinyl cyanide;
The carboxylic-acid monomer is vinylformic acid, methacrylic acid, methylene-succinic acid, fumaric acid and toxilic acid;
Acrylamide monomers is acrylamide, Methacrylamide, N hydroxymethyl acrylamide, N,N-DMAA etc.;
The hydroxy kind monomer is hydroxyethyl methylacrylate, Hydroxyethyl acrylate, Rocryl 410, Propylene glycol monoacrylate;
The sulphonic acids monomer is Sodium styrene sulfonate, ethyl propenoate sodium sulfonate, β-dimethyl-aminoethylmethacrylate sodium sulfonate, 2-methallylsulfonic acid sodium, acrylamido methyl propane sulfonic acid sodium.
5. novel environment friendly high molecular polymerization emulsion according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described initiator is redox initiation system, comprise water-soluble peralcohol and water-soluble reductive agent in the redox initiation system, wherein water-soluble peralcohol is a kind of in hydrogen peroxide, ammonium persulphate, Potassium Persulphate, the Sodium Persulfate, and water-soluble reductive agent is Fe
2+, Cu
+, NaHSO
3, Na
2SO
3, Na
2S
3O
3In a kind of.
6. novel environment friendly high molecular polymerization emulsion according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described water is deionized water.
7. the preparation method of novel environment friendly high molecular polymerization emulsion in the claim 1: may further comprise the steps:
(1) with the natural polymers water-dispersion, join and be equipped with in the churned mechanically reactor, start stirring, be warming up to 60-100 ℃, with modifier treatment for having the macromolecule modified compound of dispersion and emulsion effect when the letex polymerization;
(2) a small amount of graft copolymerization monomer and initiator are joined in the reactor, make comonomer and macromolecule modified compound graft copolymerization form polymer billet (bundle) dispersion system, temperature 50-95 ℃, time 15-30 minute;
(3) stirring is lower drips mix monomer and initiator from header tank simultaneously in reactor, maintain the temperature between 50-95 ℃, drips off in 1-3 hour, reacts 30-60 minute;
(4) logical cold water is cooled to below 50 ℃, filters, and obtains product.
8. the preparation method of novel environment friendly high molecular polymerization emulsion according to claim 7 is characterized in that: described natural polymers is selected from starch, starch derivative, protein, Mierocrystalline cellulose, chitin, the chitosan one or more.Described properties-correcting agent is a kind of in biological enzyme, hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, aqueous sodium hypochlorite solution, hydrogen peroxide and the ammonium persulphate or their combination.
9. the preparation method of novel environment friendly high molecular polymerization emulsion according to claim 7, it is characterized in that: described graft copolymerization monomer is in vinyl monomer, carboxylic-acid monomer, amides monomer, hydroxy kind monomer, the sulphonic acids monomer one or more.
10. the preparation method of novel environment friendly high molecular polymerization emulsion according to claim 7, it is characterized in that: described initiator is redox initiation system, comprise water-soluble peralcohol and water-soluble reductive agent in the redox initiation system, wherein water-soluble peralcohol is a kind of in hydrogen peroxide, ammonium persulphate, Potassium Persulphate, the Sodium Persulfate, and water-soluble reductive agent is Fe
2+, Cu
+, NaHSO
3, Na
2SO
3, Na
2S
3O
3In a kind of; Described water is deionized water.
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