CN102891721B - Optical burst receiving method and device in OBS (optical burst switching) network - Google Patents

Optical burst receiving method and device in OBS (optical burst switching) network Download PDF

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CN102891721B
CN102891721B CN201210388465.XA CN201210388465A CN102891721B CN 102891721 B CN102891721 B CN 102891721B CN 201210388465 A CN201210388465 A CN 201210388465A CN 102891721 B CN102891721 B CN 102891721B
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power
burst
optical signal
signal source
parameter
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CN102891721A (en
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张子为
许都
王晓东
廖丹
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University of Electronic Science and Technology of China
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University of Electronic Science and Technology of China
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Abstract

The invention relates to an optical burst receiving method and an optical burst receiving device in an OBS (optical burst switching) network. The method disclosed by the invention comprises the following steps: the characteristic parameters of an optical signal source are obtained through a received BHP (burst header packet); an OPP confirms whether the optical signal source is known based on a power prediction table thereof, if so, the OPP controls a CPA and an STA to enter into a designated receiving mode, and otherwise, the OPP controls the CPA and the STA to enter into an automatic receiving mode, wherein the automatic receiving mode is implemented through that the CPA automatically adjusts the received sensitive power range according to a received burst packet Burst, and feeds back power parameters to the OPP; the STA adjusts the decision threshold according to the received burst packet Burst, and feeds back decision threshold parameters to the OPP; and the OPP updates the power prediction table according to the power parameters and the decision threshold parameters matched with the optical signal source; and the designated receiving mode is implemented through that the OPP sets the power value of the CPA and the decision threshold of the STA according to the power prediction table. The invention also discloses an optical burst receiving device. The method and device disclosed by the invention are high in Burst receiving rate, rapid in response speed and high in precision, and achieve an effect of low cost.

Description

A kind of light burst reception method of optical burst swit-ching OBS network and device
Technical field
The present invention relates to optical communication technique, particularly relate to a kind of light burst reception method in optical burst swit-ching (Optical Burst Switching is called for short OBS) network and device.
Background technology
Along with dense wave division multipurpose (Dense Wavelength Divided Multiplex, DWDM) technology maturation of optical transport and extensive use, directly realize the demand of operation exchange at photosphere increasing, therefore, " circuit " that full light realizes exchanges (i.e. so-called Wavelength routing) and packet switching is subject to extensive concern, is considered to the effective way overcoming electric exchange rate bottleneck.But wavelength exchanges mistakes low in bandwidth availability ratio, and packet switching current to realize difficulty excessive, optical burst swit-ching (Optical Burst Switching, the abbreviation OBS) technology therefore proposed in recent years receives the concern of people day by day.OBS technology higher than Wavelength routing, and realizes difficulty (especially the requirement of sun adjuster part technology) lower than light packet switching in the performance supporting Packet Service.
An OBS network forms (see Fig. 1) primarily of fringe node, core node and DWDM link.Wherein core node is responsible for the process of BHP, the configuration etc. of optical switching matrix; DWDM link, is responsible for the work of transfer of data; Fringe node is responsible for carrying out buffer memory and encapsulation to packet, is combined into burst packet (Burst), then sends to OBS core node the most contiguous with it.During encapsulation, fringe node generates burst control (Burst Header Packet, the BHP) grouping describing burst characteristic, sends in specific control channel prior to Burst.
In OBS network, Burst can be regarded as the overlength grouping be made up of some IP, and the packets headers of this overlength grouping is exactly BHP grouping.With legacy packets exchange unlike, BHP and Burst is separated on physical channel, in DWDM transmission system, the wavelength that one (or multiple) can be adopted special is as control channel, for transmitting BHP, and using other wavelength as data channel, as shown in Figure 1.Although the light path paintings two that in figure, BHP and Burst uses, in actual applications, usual way is in same optical fiber, separate a wavelength as BHP passage by the mode of wavelength division multiplexing, its commplementary wave length is as Burst passage.
And the advantage of OBS network is just the processing mode of BHP.When completing the assembling (or not yet completing assembling) of Burst, fringe node just sends a BHP by BHP dedicated link to core node.Carry route in BHP, Burst length, Burst time of advent etc. information.When BHP arrives each core node and object fringe node, be switched to electrical domain and carry out the process such as resource reservation.Certain time (offset time, is called offset time) after BHP bag sends, Burst directly sends, along the link passing through network of BHP reservation, as shown in Figure 2.
From the function completed, the signaling in BHP and legacy circuit-switched networks network is closely similar, and just in this sense, BHP is also referred to as signaling message.But with traditional signaling message unlike, the signaling of OBS need not wait for the feedback acknowledgment of destination, and namely the resource reservation of OBS is unidirectional.Also this " unidirectional reservation " mechanism reduces connection establishment delay just, improves channel utilization.
Light signal reception technique is one of key issue realizing optical-fiber network.The concept of burst reception is contained in passive optical network technique PON (Passive Optical Network), its core concept is taken measures on circuit, ensure the changes in amplitude of threshold value energy fast between trace information bag receiving judgement, to adapt to the particular/special requirement of light burst reception.Before introducing the burst reception technology of PON, first describe two to the closely-related parameter of optical receiver efficiency:
A. sensitivity: refer generally in the sending time slots minimum average B configuration luminous power meeting the minimum packets of information of the amplitude that receives needed for certain error rate condition lower module.
B. threshold tracking time: from the upper time span of end of package moment to the moment that next packets of information correctly recovers information.
The burst reception of above-mentioned two parameters to light signal terminates the demand proposing two aspects: one is power problem, and two is decision threshold problems.
(1) power problem
For the uneven phenomenon of optical signal power that various information source in network and different light paths footpath cause, the optical signal receiver with pre-gain function can be adopted to be improved, its output optical signal has close power, can reduce the reception time of optical receiver.This technology department divides and solves power problem, is widely used in now in light burst reception device.
(2) decision threshold problem
In order to ensure that optical burst signal receives effectively, will add a guard time, be called preamble (or guard) before each bursty data grouping Burst, its effect is available to information and the buffering of the synchronous and adjustment of receiving device.The length of Preamble is by Operation system setting or consult to decide, but the response time of receiving system is depended in its final determination: long response time requires extra preamble length.And preamble does not carry valid data, this means that the growth of preamble can cause the decline of channel utilization.
Fig. 3 gives the light burst reception equipment amplifier response time, the example of relation between decision threshold settling time and Preamble length.When signal arrives, preamplifier is through T rthe adjustment of time reaches the state of normal amplified signal.Decision device is through T afterwards jthe adjustment of time reaches correct decision threshold, so reach signal from signal to obtain correct recovery, needs T r+ T jtime.Therefore, in order to ensure the correct reception of signal, the length of preamble end should be greater than T r+ T j.
The direct-current coupling mode of PON burst reception pattern has two kinds of modes: dynamic peak value detection method, receiver threshold electric current automatically adjusts with input signal in whole cell time-slot, interval between each cell must widen and next cell just can be made to obtain correct threshold value, and therefore efficiency of transmission and the error rate contradict; Local dynamic station peakvalue's checking, threshold value is decided in several bit periods of header, and remains unchanged in cell, and threshold value resetted at the end of each cell, which must provide a cell clock to reset.
The AC coupled mode of PON burst reception pattern has two kinds of modes: rim detection mode, and eliminated the difference of each cell amplitude by differential, then integration recovers signal, and this mode sensitivity penalty is higher; Baseline adjustment technology, the signal level that this mode adjustment receives instead of threshold level, baseline adjustment AC coupled mode receiver sensitivity determines primarily of external control signal, control structure more complicated.
Above-mentioned burst reception technology designs for the purpose of PON, and directly adopt will cause following problem in OBS system:
(1) PON is relatively early stage technology, in transmission speed, power system capacity etc., have very big-difference with OBS.In pon, light signal sends and receiving velocity representative value is 155Mbps, and OBS system is at least 2.5Gbps; Only there is burst reception problem in PON, and OBS exists two-way bursty data Receiver Problem for any data wavelength of any port in the uplink.Therefore, the design of the burst reception of more original relative maturity, as Fast simulation feedback loop etc., cannot will adopt due to the reason such as non-linear.
(2) core of the light burst reception technology of PON considers from circuit design, as optimized threshold tracking time etc., improves the response speed of receiver.If wish to improve burst reception speed further, reduce operating lag, then must improve the implementation complexity of circuit further, not only increase development difficulty, and improve cost.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, goal of the invention of the present invention is that providing a kind of can improve the receiving efficiency of OBS network and the light burst reception method light burst reception method of accuracy.
The light burst reception method of OBS network of the present invention is:
Optical signal source characteristic parameter is obtained according to the burst control packet BHP received, based on its power prediction table, luminous power fallout predictor confirms that whether described optical signal source is known, if not, then control can put gain preamplifier and threshold judgement device can be put to enter automatic reception mode; If so, then control can put gain preamplifier and threshold judgement device can be put to enter appointment receiving mode;
Automatic reception mode: gain preamplifier can be put and automatically adjust the responsive power bracket of reception according to the burst packet Burst received, and power parameter is fed back to luminous power fallout predictor; Threshold judgement device can be put and adjust decision threshold according to the burst packet Burst received, and to luminous power fallout predictor feedback decision threshold parameter; Luminous power fallout predictor upgrades power prediction table according to the power parameter mated with described optical signal source and decision threshold parameter;
Specify receiving mode: power estimator is arranged according to power prediction table can put the performance number of gain preamplifier, can put the decision threshold of threshold judgement device.
In OBS system, luminous power from the light signal of certain fringe node is constant, the route simultaneously arriving other fringe nodes for this fringe node is also determined substantially, therefore, can think that, when receiving the optical burst signal from same fringe node, its power only changes in very little scope.The present invention utilizes the above-mentioned characteristic of OBS system, and BHP is always prior to the feature of Burst arrival, based on knowing optical signal source characteristic parameter in BHP, realize putting gain preamplifier CPA and the preset control that threshold judgement device STA can be put, complete the high-speed receiving to Burst, effectively raise the inbound pacing to Burst and accuracy rate.
In order to solve the error preset CPA and STA based on optical signal source, under the setting of described appointment receiving mode, when occurring receiving burst packet Burst exception, then proceed to automatic reception mode, again according to the performance number that matches of this optical signal source of burst packet Burst self-adaptative adjustment received and decision threshold, both processed current reception exception, and have modified again the preset value of this signal source at power prediction table, improve the accuracy that the present invention receives Burst further.
In the present invention, at power prediction table, luminous power fallout predictor confirms whether described optical signal source is known, can be specially: whether inquiry power prediction table records this optical signal source mark, or whether record the power parameter/decision threshold parameter of mating with this optical signal source in inquiry power prediction table, in three kinds of inquiry modes, especially more convenient and quick to inquire about optical signal source mark.
In the present invention, if directly optical signal source, the power parameter mated with this optical signal source and decision threshold parameter can be known according to the burst control packet BHP received, after then luminous power fallout predictor upgrades power prediction table according to the power parameter mated with described optical signal source and decision threshold parameter, control can be put gain preamplifier and can put threshold judgement device and be entered appointment receiving mode.Pass through said method, CPA and the STA self-adaptative adjustment process in receiving course can be reduced as far as possible, and then reduce the delay or error code that self-adaptative adjustment process introduces, and the mistake in judgment of signal bits, further improve accuracy and receiving efficiency that the present invention receives Burst.
In the present invention, the due in of burst packet Burst is known according to the burst control packet BHP received, control luminous power fallout predictor completes putting gain preamplifier and the configuration can putting threshold judgement device, to realize the accurate reception to Burst before described due in.
In the present invention, in order to complete foundation to the power prediction table of luminous power fallout predictor and renewal more fast, optical signal source mark in optical signal source characteristic parameter also sends to and can put gain preamplifier and can put threshold judgement device by described luminous power fallout predictor, when gain preamplifier can be put to luminous power fallout predictor feedback power parameter, carry described optical signal source mark, when threshold judgement device can be put to luminous power fallout predictor feedback decision threshold parameter, carry described optical signal source mark.
The invention also discloses a kind of light burst reception device of OBS network, the luminous power fallout predictor comprising photoelectric conversion module, gain preamplifier can be put, threshold judgement device can be put, be built with power prediction table, described luminous power fallout predictor can according to the optical signal source characteristic parameter known, described optical signal source characteristic parameter comprises optical signal source mark, power parameter and decision threshold parameter, based on power prediction table arrange can gain preamplifier performance number, the judging threshold of threshold judgement device can be put; Describedly automatically can to adjust based on the signal of telecommunication of photoelectric conversion module conversion and receive responsive power bracket by gain preamplifier, and power parameter to be fed back to luminous power fallout predictor; Described threshold judgement device of putting based on can automatically adjust decision threshold parameter by the signal of telecommunication that sends of gain preamplifier, and can feed back to luminous power fallout predictor; Luminous power fallout predictor upgrades power prediction table according to the power parameter mated with described optical signal source and decision threshold parameter.
It is inner that smooth burst reception device of the present invention is positioned light burst reception device, mainly based on luminous power fallout predictor, and controllable gain preamplifier and the special submodule of threshold judgement device three can be put realize improving Optical Receivers inbound pacing and accuracy rate.
(1) luminous power fallout predictor
Based in OBS system when receiving optical burst signal from same fringe node, its power only changes this characteristic in very little scope, be provided with the luminous power fallout predictor with learning ability, there is controllable gain preamplifier of the present invention and can put threshold judgement device can learn optical signal source and power, decision threshold match information structure and manage its power prediction table.
(2) controllable gain preamplifier
Controllable gain preamplifier is controlled by adjustable device, can arrange it receive responsive power bracket, i.e. performance number from luminous power fallout predictor; Also can automatically adjust reception sensitive range according to the optical signal power of input simultaneously.
(3) threshold judgement device can be put
Threshold judgement device can be put controlled by adjustable device, decision threshold can be set from luminous power fallout predictor, also automatically can adjust decision threshold according to the light signal of input simultaneously.
The present invention is by upper constructional device, solve in OBS system because light signal is uneven by power during multiple OBS switching node, the power of the light burst reception that the time of advent of burst and duration all alter a great deal caused and decision threshold problem, the present invention effectively improves Optical Receivers inbound pacing and accuracy rate.
In sum, compared with prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects as follows, high to Burst receiving velocity, fast response time, precision are high, it is low to realize cost.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is existing OBS network model figure.
Fig. 2 is existing OBS network offset time schematic diagram.
Fig. 3 is response time and threshold value schematic diagram settling time of existing OBS network.
Fig. 4 is system architecture diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is the system construction drawing of embodiments of the invention.
Fig. 6 is the time shaft schematic diagram of embodiments of the invention.
Embodiment
All features disclosed in this specification, or the step in disclosed all methods or process, except mutually exclusive feature and/or step, all can combine by any way.
Arbitrary feature disclosed in this specification, unless specifically stated otherwise, all can be replaced by other equivalences or the alternative features with similar object.That is, unless specifically stated otherwise, each feature is an embodiment in a series of equivalence or similar characteristics.
See Fig. 4, smooth burst reception device of the present invention comprises photoelectric conversion module, can put gain preamplifier CPA, can put threshold judgement device STA, be built with the luminous power fallout predictor OPP of power prediction table is formed, photoelectric conversion module is responsible for the Burst received to be converted into the signal of telecommunication by photoelectric conversion module by what receive, and deliver to CPA, under appointment receiving mode, the performance number (i.e. the gain of control CPA) of CPA is set by OPP, the decision threshold of control STA; Under automatic reception mode, CPA receives responsive power bracket according to the Burs self-adaptative adjustment received, and the level value (performance number) detected is fed back to OPP, CPA according to receive Burs self-adaptative adjustment decision threshold and feed back to OPP, if CPA and STA has been known optical signal source information, then carry this optical signal source when feeding back.Because concrete self-adaptative adjustment process is prior art, do not describe in detail at this.
The reception flow process of the present invention to Burst is as follows:
Step S1: key control unit knows Burst due in (control system completes and controls configuration to reception Burst before Burst due in) by BHP, optical signal source characteristic parameter is (as optical signal source mark, power parameter, the optical signal source information such as decision threshold parameter) after, by this optical signal source characteristic parameter notice OPP, OPP is confirmed whether to there is the list item that mates with this optical signal source (as optical signal source identifies according to the power prediction of its inside, power parameter, decision threshold parameter), if the Query Result based on this optical signal source is empty (namely this optical signal source is for unknown), then enter step S2, otherwise enter step S3,
It is automatic reception mode that step S2:OPP configures CPA and STA, enters step S4;
It is automatic reception mode that step S3:OPP configures CPA and STA, enters step S5;
Step S4:CPA adjusts responsive power bracket, and STA adjusts decision threshold, and collects corresponding level, and the match information of threshold value and optical signal source, feeds back to OPP, enters step S7;
Step S5:CPA and STA carries out receiving and adjudicating according to the preset value in power prediction table, if receive and adjudicate normal, then enters step S7, otherwise enters step S3;
Step S6:OPP upgrades power prediction table according to the optical signal source known, performance number, decision threshold, enters step S7;
Step S7: complete and once receive Burst process.
The present invention is in the reception control procedure of Burst, and OPP, CPA, STA idiographic flow is separately as follows:
1, the workflow of OPP
(1) after key control unit knows Burst due in, optical signal source by BHP, notice OPP optical signal source, OPP is confirmed whether to there is the list item mated with this optical signal source according to the power prediction table of its inside;
(2) if unknown list item, then configuring CPA and STA is automatic reception mode; If known list item, then arranging CPA and STA according to power prediction table is specified power and thresholding;
(3) feedback of CPA and STA is monitored.
(4) if obtain feedback, then upgrade the list item of power prediction table, get back to Idle state; If do not obtain feedback, then directly get back to Idle state.
2, the workflow of CPA
(1) receive specified power and receive instruction, configuration received power receives;
If receive normal, then directly get back to Idle state;
If receive abnormal, then proceed to automatic reception state, collect the unpaired message of power parameter and optical signal source and feed back to OPP, getting back to Idle state;
(2) receive automatic reception instruction, then collect the unpaired message of power parameter and optical signal source and feed back to OPP, getting back to Idle state.
3, the workflow of STA
(1) appointed threshold decision instruction is received, configuration decision threshold;
If judgement is normal, then directly get back to Idle state;
If judgement is abnormal, then proceed to automatic judgement state, collect the unpaired message of decision threshold parameter and optical signal source and feed back to OPP, getting back to Idle state;
(2) receive automatic decision instruction, enter automatic judgement state, then collect the unpaired message of decision threshold parameter and optical signal source and feed back to OPP, getting back to Idle state.
Embodiment
An edge nodes (being connected to 8 wavelength light links) on OBS network, by a Fiber connection to core node, multiplexing 9 wavelength on optical fiber, λ 0 ~ λ 8, wherein, λ 0 ~ λ 7 is for transmitting burst packet Burst, and λ 8 is for transmitting burst control packet BHP.See Fig. 5, the core of burst reception is by a demodulation multiplexer, and a kernel scheduling device, 8 burst reception modules form.In burst reception module, be provided with CPA and STA of the present invention; In kernel scheduling device, be provided with BHP parsing module and OPP.Consider that the performance number in its OPP, decision threshold are identical with optical signal source matching list to all eight burst reception Module nodes, so OPP is placed in kernel scheduling device the present invention can be realized.
After system starts, along with the continuous arrival of BHP and Burst, OPP in kernel scheduling device obtains the match information of optical signal source and power, decision threshold by study mechanism, set up power prediction table, as shown in table 1, in system operation, this form will constantly be changed and expand.
Source junction label (MPLS) Performance number Decision threshold
3 5 2
1 5 3
4 2 1
9 7 1
7 4 3
Table 1
Second foundation of receiving system work be in BHP with offset time and the Burst duration.The former determines particular B urst due in, and certain system requirements receiver module completes the reception control work for Burst on the horizon before that moment.The latter and BHP due in determine the start time next time configuring receiver module jointly.The expression of its time shaft is see Fig. 6.In kernel scheduling device, there is the queue of a burst reception module control information, its structure is as shown in table 2
Start to configure the moment Burst due in CPA performance number STA threshold value Wavelength number
Table 2
Start to configure the moment, Burst due in and wavelength are number by correlation time in BHP, information was determined; CPA performance number and STA threshold value are known according to the optical signal source node information in BHP, are determined (because OBS uses Label Switching, so be presented as label value) by luminous power fallout predictor.When requiring receiver module automatic reception, then CPA performance number and STA thresholding are set to 0, start to configure moment arrival, namely kernel scheduling device is configured corresponding receiver module according to the information of this queue enemy, completes the transmitting-receiving of Burst.
In sum, the present invention by adding distinctive control logic in Optical Receivers, and the information using BHP to provide neatly, reaches the object improving Optical Receivers inbound pacing and accuracy rate.
The present invention is not limited to aforesaid embodiment.The present invention expands to any new feature of disclosing in this manual or any combination newly, and the step of the arbitrary new method disclosed or process or any combination newly.

Claims (8)

1. a light burst reception method for optical burst swit-ching OBS network, is characterized in that,
Optical signal source characteristic parameter is obtained according to the burst control packet BHP received, described optical signal source characteristic parameter comprises optical signal source mark, power parameter and decision threshold parameter, luminous power fallout predictor judges whether its power prediction table exists the optical signal source mated with described optical signal source characteristic parameter and identify or power parameter or decision threshold parameter, if not, then control can put gain preamplifier and threshold judgement device can be put to enter automatic reception mode; If so, then control can put gain preamplifier and threshold judgement device can be put to enter appointment receiving mode;
Automatic reception mode: gain preamplifier can be put and automatically adjust the responsive power bracket of reception according to the burst packet Burst received, and power parameter is fed back to luminous power fallout predictor; Threshold judgement device can be put and adjust decision threshold according to the burst packet Burst received, and to luminous power fallout predictor feedback decision threshold parameter; Luminous power fallout predictor upgrades power prediction table according to the power parameter mated with described optical signal source and decision threshold parameter;
Specify receiving mode: power estimator is arranged according to power prediction table can put the performance number of gain preamplifier, can put the decision threshold of threshold judgement device.
2. the method for claim 1, is characterized in that, under the setting of described appointment receiving mode, when occurring receiving burst packet Burst exception, then proceeds to automatic reception mode.
3. method as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that, if directly optical signal source, the power parameter mated with this optical signal source and decision threshold parameter can be known according to the burst control packet BHP received, after then luminous power fallout predictor upgrades power prediction table according to the power parameter mated with described optical signal source and decision threshold parameter, control can be put gain preamplifier and can put threshold judgement device and be entered appointment receiving mode.
4. method as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that, at power prediction table, described luminous power fallout predictor confirms whether described optical signal source is known, be specially: whether inquiry power prediction table records this optical signal source mark, or whether record the power parameter/decision threshold parameter of mating with this optical signal source in inquiry power prediction table.
5. method as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that, know the due in of burst packet Burst according to the burst control packet BHP received, control luminous power fallout predictor and complete before described due in putting gain preamplifier and the configuration that threshold judgement device can be put.
6. method as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that, optical signal source mark in optical signal source characteristic parameter also sends to and can put gain preamplifier and can put threshold judgement device by described luminous power fallout predictor, when gain preamplifier can be put to luminous power fallout predictor feedback power parameter, carry described optical signal source mark; When threshold judgement device can be put to luminous power fallout predictor feedback decision threshold parameter, carry described optical signal source mark.
7. the light burst reception device of an OBS network, it is characterized in that, the luminous power fallout predictor comprising photoelectric conversion module, gain preamplifier can be put, threshold judgement device can be put, be built with power prediction table, described luminous power fallout predictor can according to the optical signal source characteristic parameter known, described optical signal source characteristic parameter comprises optical signal source mark, power parameter and decision threshold parameter, based on power prediction table arrange can gain preamplifier performance number, the judging threshold of threshold judgement device can be put; Describedly automatically can to adjust based on the signal of telecommunication of photoelectric conversion module conversion and receive responsive power bracket by gain preamplifier, and power parameter to be fed back to luminous power fallout predictor; Described threshold judgement device of putting based on can automatically adjust decision threshold parameter by the signal of telecommunication that sends of gain preamplifier, and can feed back to luminous power fallout predictor; Luminous power fallout predictor upgrades power prediction table according to the power parameter mated with described optical signal source and decision threshold parameter.
8. device as claimed in claim 7, it is characterized in that, optical signal source mark in optical signal source characteristic parameter also sends to and can put gain preamplifier and can put threshold judgement device by described luminous power fallout predictor, when gain preamplifier can be put to luminous power fallout predictor feedback power parameter, carry described optical signal source mark; When threshold judgement device can be put to luminous power fallout predictor feedback decision threshold parameter, carry described optical signal source mark.
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