CN102891345A - Method for recycling lithium chloride from waste lithium iron phosphate - Google Patents
Method for recycling lithium chloride from waste lithium iron phosphate Download PDFInfo
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- CN102891345A CN102891345A CN2012104042540A CN201210404254A CN102891345A CN 102891345 A CN102891345 A CN 102891345A CN 2012104042540 A CN2012104042540 A CN 2012104042540A CN 201210404254 A CN201210404254 A CN 201210404254A CN 102891345 A CN102891345 A CN 102891345A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for recycling lithium chloride from waste lithium iron phosphate, belongs to the technical field of waste and old lithium ion battery recycle, and solves the technical problem that the method for recycling lithium chloride from the waste lithium iron phosphate is provided. The method comprises the following steps of: roasting the waste lithium iron phosphate for 1-4hours under the temperature of 500-800 DEG C; leaching the materials after roasting by using hydrochloric acid, wherein the pH value is controlled to be within 0.5-1 during leaching; filtering so as to obtain a mixing liquid of lithium phosphate, iron phosphate and ferric chloride; heating the obtained mixing liquid to be at 80-100 DEG C; adjusting the pH value to be 2-2.5; reacting for 1-4hours; filtering; washing; drying so as to obtain the iron phosphate; adjusting the pH value of obtained filtrate to be 6-7; adding calcium chloride to perform phosphorous removal; and filtering; evaporating, concentrating, crystallizing, washing and drying the obtained filtrate to obtain lithium chloride.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to from the LiFePO 4 waste material, reclaim the method for lithium chloride, belong to waste and old lithium ion battery recovery and utilization technology field.
Background technology
Lithium ion battery is the green battery with a series of premium properties, comes out 10 for many years, is widely used.LiFePO 4 (LiFePO
4) material is owing to having characteristics such as high safety, high-environmental, low price, long-life, become the preferred material of generally acknowledged lithium-ion-power cell, and the lithium ion battery take LiFePO 4 as positive electrode the electrokinetic cell fields such as electric tool, electric bicycle, vehicle using motor, golf cart, ship model toy, mine lamp now have been widely used in.Car manufactures is also being tested use ferrousphosphate lithium material in startup power supply lithium ion battery (12V/24V 50Ah) repeatedly.Following this material also has development space in fields such as mobile communication base station, energy storage devices.
Along with the extensive use of lithium ion battery, will enter in a large number inefficacy, recovery stage.How to reclaim waste and old lithium ion battery and the resource recycling utilization has become social question of common concern.For the purpose of resource circulation utilization and industry sustainable development, tackling wherein, elemental lithium reclaims.
Lithium ion battery is comprised of shell and inner battery core.The shell of battery is stainless steel or nickel plating box hat, and the different models such as square and cylindrical are arranged.Inner battery core is rolled structure, is comprised of major parts such as positive pole, electrolyte and negative poles, and positive plate mainly is made of aluminium foil, organic binder bond and lithium salts (LiFePO 4); And negative plate is mainly Copper Foil and graphite, relatively single, the easy separation of the composition of negative material.The recycling of waste lithium ion cell anode material becomes the emphasis of people's research.Its recycling technology mainly is divided into following three classes:
(1) adopt the mode of roasting direct to reclaim LiFePO 4, such as, Chinese patent application 200710129898.2, the recovery method of lithium iron phosphate cathode material in a kind of lithium ion battery waste material, it toasts described waste material 2-5 hour under 450-600 ℃ under the atmosphere of inert gas, then mixes drying in the ethanolic solution with described powdered product adding soluble ferric iron salt, under the atmosphere of inert gas, at 300-500 ℃ of lower roasting 2-5 hour, reclaim and obtain lithium iron phosphate cathode material.Chinese patent application 200710076890.4, the comprehensive recovering process of the useless sheet of a kind of ferrous phosphate lithium battery anode comprises following steps: the anode material waste sheet Mechanical Crushing of collecting is fragmentated; Fragment is placed by the sintering furnace under vacuum atmosphere, inert gas and/or reducibility gas and/or the nitrogen protection, under 150-750 ℃ temperature, heat-treat; Adopt machinery to separate or the ultrasonic oscillation method fragment after the heat treatment, the aluminium foil matrix is separated from fragment, obtain the mixture of lithium iron phosphate cathode material, conductive agent and adhesive residue thing; With the mixture of lithium iron phosphate cathode material, conductive agent and adhesive residue thing, baking is 8-24 hour under 80-150 ℃ of temperature; With classification behind the mixture abrasive dust after the baking, the particle diameter of control powder is not more than 20 μ m, and D50 is controlled at 3-10 μ m, namely gets the ferrous lithium phosphate cathode reclaimed materials.
Although the method is simple, energy consumption is slightly high, and product alloy purity is lower, reclaims the LiFePO 4 that obtains, and is of low quality, can not use as cell positive material.
(2) will just directly recycle behind the simple cleaning-drying of ferrous lithium phosphate cathode sheet process.Such as, Chinese patent application 200980100912.3, a kind of recoverying and utilizing method of waste and old ferrous phosphate lithium dynamical battery, after first described waste and old ferrous phosphate lithium battery being discharged fully, battery is moved in the vacuum glove box that is filled with nitrogen protection, open the cover plate of described battery with mechanical force, take out the battery core that is contained in this battery case; Cover plate and battery case are shifted out glove box, recycle after treatment polypropylene PP plastics, steel or the aluminium of described cover plate and battery case; In described vacuum glove box, separate again negative plate and barrier film, and positive plate; Wherein negative plate and barrier film are recycled after treatment; And positive plate cooperates new negative plate making to become new ferrous phosphate lithium dynamical battery after cleaning, dry, screening.
The possibility that this mode can realize smoothly is not high.
(3) adopt the mode of sour molten precipitation to reclaim LiFePO 4.Such as Chinese patent application, 201010148325.6, a kind of waste and old ferrous phosphate lithium battery comprehensive recovering process, the method is utilized the binding agent on the organic solvent dissolution battery core fragment, by screening, realize that ferrousphosphate lithium material separates with clean aluminium, Copper Foil, wherein aluminium, Copper Foil reclaim by melting; Utilize NaOH solution to remove aluminium foil bits remaining in the ferrousphosphate lithium material, remove graphite and remaining binding agent by heat treatment.After LiFePO 4 usefulness acid dissolving, utilize vulcanized sodium to remove copper ion wherein, and utilize NaOH solution or ammoniacal liquor to make iron in the solution, lithium, phosphonium ion generate sediment, and in sediment, add source of iron, lithium source or P source compound to adjust the mol ratio of iron, lithium, phosphorus, add at last carbon source, calcining obtains new lithium iron phosphate cathode material in ball milling, inert atmosphere.Chinese patent application 201010253859.5, a kind of water-system waste lithium-ion-power cell reclaims the method for preparing LiFePO 4, concrete steps are as follows: 1) with behind the water-system waste lithium ion battery shearing-crushing, processed by deionized water, dry rear electrode material and the conductive agent mixture of reclaiming sieves; 2) dried electrode material and conductive agent mixture adding inorganic acid are processed, filtered and obtain Li
+, Fe
2+, PO
4 3-Acid solution; 3) to containing Li
+, Fe
2+, PO
4 3-Acid solution in add lithium salts or molysite, add ascorbic acid and stir, control pH value=3-7; Filter, be precipitated; 4) LiFePO that step 3) is obtained
4Thick product joins and carries out ball milling, the LiFePO that drying and calcining obtains regenerating in the aqueous sucrose solution
4Material.
If the said method impurity removal gets totally, in theory should be feasible.But because the quality of raw material alters a great deal, homogeneity of product is difficult to be guaranteed, and can not satisfy the needs that LiFePO 4 is reclaimed in industrialized production.
Therefore, at present the research of the recycling of waste lithium ion cell anode material is remained the hot issue of social common concern.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention provides a kind of method that reclaims lithium chloride from the LiFePO 4 waste material.
The present invention reclaims lithium chloride from the LiFePO 4 waste material method comprises the steps:
A, roasting: the LiFePO 4 waste material is in 500～800 ℃ of roasting 1～4h; Wherein, can the baking furnace of routine as: carry out roasting in the rotary kiln;
B, leaching: the material after the roasting adds Leaching in Hydrochloric Acid, and the pH value is controlled at 0.5～1 during leaching, filters the mixed solution that obtains lithium phosphate, ferric phosphate and iron chloride;
C, precipitate phosphoric acid iron: b step gained mixed solution is heated to 80～100 ℃, and regulates pH value to 2～2.5, reaction 1～4h, and filtration, washing, drying obtain ferric phosphate;
D, removal of impurities: the c step is filtered the filtrate of gained and is regulated pH value 6～7, adds the calcium chloride dephosphorization, filters;
E, concentrated lithium chloride: the filtrate that the d step is filtered gained obtains lithium chloride through evaporation, concentrated, crystallization, washing, drying.
Wherein, LiFePO 4 waste material in the said method can be the LiFePO 4 waste material that produces in the LiFePO 4 waste material that produces in the LiFePO 4 production process or the battery production process, also can adopt following methods to reclaim obtains: old and useless battery is disassembled battery after discharging fully, separate negative plate and barrier film, and positive plate, positive plate is heated to 300-400 ℃ of heat treatment 1～4h, the matrix aluminium foil is separated with positive electrode, and the mixture that obtains lithium iron phosphate cathode material, conductive agent and adhesive residue thing is the LiFePO 4 waste material; Perhaps adopt to reclaim in useless positive plate that said method produces from Production Process of Lithium Battery or the inferior positive plate and obtain the LiFePO 4 waste material; It perhaps is the LiFePO 4 waste material that produces in the positive plate production process of lithium battery.
Further, preferred machinery separation, the separation of ultrasonic oscillation method or the organic solvent of adopting soaks matrix separation aluminium foil and positive electrode in the said method; Wherein, described organic solvent is at least a in 1-METHYLPYRROLIDONE (NMP), DMA (DMA), the dimethyl formamide (DMF).Organic solvent soaks dissolving binding agent wherein, and sheet metal is reclaimed in screening, can collect after the screening and obtain the LiFePO 4 waste material.
In the roasting process phase conversion reaction can occur, the iron in the LiFePO 4 changes trivalent into by divalence.
Sintering temperature is crossed low reaction and can not be carried out, but temperature is also unsuitable too high, prevents the material caking.As preferred scheme, sintering temperature is advisable with 500～800 ℃.The calcination formula is:
6LiFePO
4+3O
2＝4FePO
4+2Li
3PO
4+Fe
2O
3
Wherein, in the b step, selected concentration of hydrochloric acid is preferably 20～35wt%.
Further, in order to obtain high-purity phosphoric acid iron and lithium chloride, temperature of washing water preferably is controlled at 40～100 ℃ in above-mentioned c, the e step.
Beneficial effect of the present invention: the present inventor provides a kind of brand-new method from the another one angle, and the low-cost lithium iron phosphate cathode material of recycling becomes ferric phosphate with it and lithium chloride reclaims respectively.Solved ferrous phosphate lithium dynamical battery resource recycling problem, for trouble and worry is removed in the development of electric automobile.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the flow chart of one of embodiment of LiFePO 4 recovery technique of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is two flow chart of the LiFePO 4 of the present invention embodiment that reclaims technique.
Embodiment
The present invention reclaims lithium chloride from the LiFePO 4 waste material method comprises the steps:
A, roasting: the LiFePO 4 waste material is in 500～800 ℃ of roasting 1～4h; Wherein, can the baking furnace of routine as: carry out roasting in the rotary kiln;
B, leaching: the material after the roasting adds Leaching in Hydrochloric Acid, and the pH value is controlled at 0.5～1 during leaching, filters the mixed solution that obtains lithium phosphate, ferric phosphate and iron chloride;
C, precipitate phosphoric acid iron: b step gained mixed solution is heated to 80～100 ℃, and regulates pH value to 2～2.5, reaction 1～4h, and filtration, washing, drying obtain ferric phosphate;
D, removal of impurities: the c step is filtered the filtrate of gained and is regulated pH value 6～7, adds the calcium chloride dephosphorization, filters;
E, concentrated lithium chloride: the filtrate that the d step is filtered gained obtains lithium chloride through evaporation, concentrated, crystallization, washing, drying.
Wherein, LiFePO 4 waste material in the said method can be the LiFePO 4 waste material that produces in the LiFePO 4 waste material that produces in the LiFePO 4 production process or the battery production process, also can adopt following methods to reclaim obtains: old and useless battery is disassembled battery after discharging fully, separate negative plate and barrier film, and positive plate, positive plate is heated to 300-400 ℃ of heat treatment 1～4h, the matrix aluminium foil is separated with positive electrode, and the mixture that obtains lithium iron phosphate cathode material, conductive agent and adhesive residue thing is the LiFePO 4 waste material; Perhaps adopt to reclaim in useless positive plate that said method produces from Production Process of Lithium Battery or the inferior positive plate and obtain the LiFePO 4 waste material; It perhaps is the LiFePO 4 waste material that produces in the positive plate production process of lithium battery.
Further, preferred machinery separation, the separation of ultrasonic oscillation method or the organic solvent of adopting soaks matrix separation aluminium foil and positive electrode in the said method; Wherein, described organic solvent is at least a in 1-METHYLPYRROLIDONE (NMP), DMA (DMA), the dimethyl formamide (DMF).Organic solvent soaks dissolving binding agent wherein, and sheet metal is reclaimed in screening, can collect after the screening and obtain the LiFePO 4 waste material.
In the roasting process phase conversion reaction can occur, the iron in the LiFePO 4 changes trivalent into by divalence.
Sintering temperature is crossed low reaction and can not be carried out, but temperature is also unsuitable too high, prevents the material caking.As preferred scheme, sintering temperature is advisable with 500～800 ℃.The calcination formula is:
6LiFePO
4+3O
2＝4FePO
4+2Li
3PO
4+Fe
2O
3
Wherein, in the b step, selected concentration of hydrochloric acid is preferably 20～35wt%.
Further, in order to obtain high-purity phosphoric acid iron and lithium chloride, temperature of washing water preferably is controlled at 40～100 ℃ in above-mentioned c, the e step.
Below in conjunction with embodiment the specific embodiment of the present invention is further described, does not therefore limit the present invention among the described scope of embodiments.
Following examples are implemented by following execution mode:
A. waste and old ferrous phosphate lithium battery remaining capacity is discharged, then disassemble battery, take out positive plate.
B. will pulverize behind 300-400 ℃ of roasting 1～4h of ferrous lithium phosphate cathode sheet.
C. anodal aluminium flake is reclaimed in screening, gets the LiFePO 4 waste material.
D. LiFePO 4 waste material 500-800 ℃ of roasting 1～4h.
E. material adds 20%～35% Leaching in Hydrochloric Acid after the roasting, filters to obtain ferric phosphate, lithium phosphate, iron chloride mixed solution.
F. lithium phosphate, ferric phosphate, iron chloride mixed solution are heated to 80-100 ℃, and regulate the pH value to 2-2.5, react 1-4 hour, and filtration, washing, drying obtain ferric phosphate.
G.f step filtrate is regulated pH value 6-7,, add calcium chloride and remove a small amount of foreign matter of phosphor.
The filtrate that the h.g step obtains obtains lithium chloride through evaporation, concentrated, crystallization, filtration, washing, drying.The lithium rate of recovery reaches more than 80% in the LiFePO 4 waste material.
Wherein, step a-h is applicable to old and useless battery and reclaims, for the LiFePO 4 waste material that produces in the LiFePO 4 waste material that produces in the LiFePO 4 production process or the battery production process, directly from steps d.
Embodiment 1 adopts the inventive method comprehensive reutilization LiFePO 4 waste material
Waste and old ferrous phosphate lithium dynamical battery remaining capacity is discharged, disassemble battery, take out positive plate, battery case is pressed the classification such as aluminum hull, box hat, plastics and is reclaimed; With 400 ℃ of roasting 1h of ferrous lithium phosphate cathode sheet, anodal aluminium flake is reclaimed in screening after pulverizing; LiFePO 4 waste material 100kg, lithium content 3.50%.
Then 800 ℃ of roastings of LiFePO 4 waste material 1 hour add water and size mixing, and add 20% salt acid for adjusting pH value to 0.5, filter to obtain ferric phosphate, lithium phosphate, iron chloride mixed solution; Mixed solution is heated to 80 ℃, adds alkali and regulate pH value to 2.0, reaction 4h filters and obtains raw phosphoric acid iron, obtains ferric phosphate through 40 ℃ of water washings, dryings again; Filtrate is regulated pH value to 6, adds 100g calcium chloride, then filtering and impurity removing; The removal of impurities rear filtrate obtains lithium chloride through evaporation, concentrated, crystallization, washing, drying, obtains lithium chloride 17.65kg through 40 ℃ of water washings, dryings.Shown in table 1,2, the lithium chloride quality satisfies LiCl-T trade mark requirement in the GB/T 10575-2007 standard to the purity of gained ferric phosphate and lithium chloride respectively.
Table 1
Table 2
After testing, the lithium rate of recovery is 82.51% in the LiFePO 4 waste material.
Embodiment 2 adopts the inventive method comprehensive reutilization LiFePO 4 waste material
The LiFePO 4 waste material 100kg that produces in the production process of power taking pond, lithium content 3.53%.Then 600 ℃ of roastings of LiFePO 4 waste material 2 hours add water and size mixing, and add 30% salt acid for adjusting pH value to 0.8, filter to obtain ferric phosphate, lithium phosphate, iron chloride mixed solution; Mixed solution is heated to 90 ℃, adds alkali and regulate pH value to 2.3, reaction 2h filters and obtains raw phosphoric acid iron, obtains ferric phosphate through 60 ℃ of water washings, dryings again; Filtrate is regulated pH value to 7, adds calcium chloride 100g, then filtering and impurity removing; The removal of impurities rear filtrate obtains lithium chloride through evaporation, concentrated, crystallization, washing, drying, obtains lithium chloride 17.98kg through 40 ℃ of water washings, dryings.Shown in table 3,4, the lithium chloride quality satisfies LiCl-T trade mark requirement in the GB/T10575-2007 standard to the purity of gained ferric phosphate and lithium chloride respectively.
Table 3
Table 4
After testing, the lithium rate of recovery is 84.32% in the LiFePO 4 waste material.
Embodiment 3 adopts the inventive method comprehensive reutilization LiFePO 4 waste material
Get the LiFePO 4 waste material 100kg that produces in the LiFePO 4 production process, lithium content 4.38%.Then 500 ℃ of roastings of LiFePO 4 waste material 4 hours add water and size mixing, and add 35% salt acid for adjusting pH value to 1, filter to obtain ferric phosphate, lithium phosphate, iron chloride mixed solution; Mixed solution is heated to 100 ℃, adds alkali and regulate pH value to 2.5, reaction 1h filters and obtains raw phosphoric acid iron, obtains ferric phosphate through 80 ℃ of water washings, dryings again; Filtrate is regulated pH value to 6, adds 100g calcium chloride, then filtering and impurity removing; The removal of impurities rear filtrate obtains lithium chloride through evaporation, concentrated, crystallization, washing, drying, obtains lithium chloride 17.33kg through 40 ℃ of water washings, dryings.Shown in table 5,6, the lithium chloride quality satisfies LiCl-T trade mark requirement in the GB/T10575-2007 standard to the purity of gained ferric phosphate and lithium chloride respectively.
Table 5
Table 6
After testing, the lithium rate of recovery is 81.35% in the LiFePO 4 waste material.
Claims (5)
1. from the LiFePO 4 waste material, reclaim the method for lithium chloride, it is characterized in that comprising the steps:
A, roasting: the LiFePO 4 waste material is in 500～800 ℃ of roasting 1～4h;
B, leaching: the material after the roasting adds Leaching in Hydrochloric Acid, and the pH value is controlled at 0.5～1 during leaching, filters the mixed solution that obtains lithium phosphate, ferric phosphate and iron chloride;
C, precipitate phosphoric acid iron: b step gained mixed solution is heated to 80～100 ℃, and regulates pH value to 2～2.5, reaction 1～4h, and filtration, washing, drying obtain ferric phosphate;
D, removal of impurities: the c step is filtered the filtrate of gained and is regulated pH value 6～7, adds the calcium chloride dephosphorization, filters;
E, concentrated lithium chloride: the filtrate that the d step is filtered gained obtains lithium chloride through evaporation, concentrated, crystallization, washing, drying.
2. the method that from the LiFePO 4 waste material, reclaims lithium chloride according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described LiFePO 4 waste material is the LiFePO 4 waste material that produces in the LiFePO 4 waste material that produces in the LiFePO 4 production process or the battery production process, or adopt the following methods recovery to obtain: old and useless battery is disassembled battery after discharging fully, separate negative plate and barrier film, and positive plate, positive plate is heated to 300-400 ℃ of heat treatment 1～4h, the matrix aluminium foil is separated with positive electrode, obtain lithium iron phosphate cathode material, the mixture of conductive agent and adhesive residue thing is the LiFePO 4 waste material;
Perhaps adopt to reclaim in useless positive plate that said method produces from Production Process of Lithium Battery or the inferior positive plate and obtain the LiFePO 4 waste material;
It perhaps is the LiFePO 4 waste material that produces in the positive plate production process of lithium battery.
3. the method that reclaims lithium chloride from the LiFePO 4 waste material according to claim 2 is characterized in that: adopt machinery separation, the separation of ultrasonic oscillation method or organic solvent to soak matrix separation aluminium foil and positive electrode; Wherein, described organic solvent is at least a in 1-METHYLPYRROLIDONE (NMP), DMA (DMA), the dimethyl formamide (DMF).
4. each described method that reclaims lithium chloride from the LiFePO 4 waste material according to claim 1～3, it is characterized in that: in the b step, described concentration of hydrochloric acid is 20～35wt%.
5. each described method that reclaims lithium chloride from the LiFePO 4 waste material according to claim 1～4, it is characterized in that: temperature of washing water is controlled at 40～100 ℃ in c, the e step.
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| CN104953200A (en) * | 2015-06-30 | 2015-09-30 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Method for recycling battery-grade iron phosphate in lithium iron phosphate battery and preparing lithium iron phosphate positive material by utilizing waste lithium ion phosphate battery |
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