CN102890298A - Metamaterials for compressing electromagnetic waves - Google Patents
Metamaterials for compressing electromagnetic waves Download PDFInfo
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- CN102890298A CN102890298A CN2011101138744A CN201110113874A CN102890298A CN 102890298 A CN102890298 A CN 102890298A CN 2011101138744 A CN2011101138744 A CN 2011101138744A CN 201110113874 A CN201110113874 A CN 201110113874A CN 102890298 A CN102890298 A CN 102890298A
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Abstract
The invention discloses metamaterials for compressing electromagnetic waves, comprising base materials and a plurality of artificial microstructures, wherein the base materials are divided into a plurality of lattices; one artificial microstructure is arranged in one lattice to form a unit; the metamaterials are divided into a plurality of zones; the refractive index of each zone is gradually reduced; the length of each zone meets the following formula; the refractive index of the unit in the zone meets with following formula: wherein i is the number of the zone and natural number; when i is equal to 1, y0 is equal to 0; S is the linear distance of the starting unit of the first zone on a wave source vertical metamaterial plane and the wave source; f is the frequency of the wave source; c is velocity of light; gamma is wave length; and the starting unit has the greatest refractive index in the first zone. The metamaterials can transform the diffusing electromagnetic waves into parallel waves to be transmitted; and the metamaterials achieves the effect of compressing the electromagnetic waves.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to super Material Field, more particularly, relate to the electromagnetic super material of a kind of compression.
Background technology
As everyone knows, cylindrical mirror can be referred to as GRIN Lens again, and it is the principle by similar optical fiber, by special manufacturing manufacturing process, the refractive index of lens is changed, and its bore is generally all very little, probably about 2mm, the thinnest also have several microns, it can make P/4, P/2 ... etc. (wherein P is intercept) of form, wherein its focus of the cylindrical mirror of P/4 is just on end face, also namely: focal length=P/4.
Usually, cylindrical mirror mainly is divided into plano-convex cylindrical lens and plano-concave cylindrical lens, be mainly used in conducting the luminous energy convergence of optical fiber, its character is similar to common lens (mainly being optical performance parameter, index etc.), but it is some small difference again: cylindrical mirror is aspheric lens, can effectively reduce the optical loss such as spherical aberration and aberration; Because the refractive index of cylindrical mirror radially changes, can change the direction of propagation of glancing incidence light, and do not change the direction of propagation of vertical incidence light, namely can be applicable to a direction changes the propagation of light, the occasion that the light transmition of another direction does not require is as becoming line source with cylindrical mirror with diffused light source Refractive focusing.
Along with the development of society and the demand of energy saving economy, find a kind of material to keep the Refractive focusing of cylindrical mirror, the optical loss that more effectively reduces lens simultaneously becomes new trend and the development trend of people's research.
Super material (metamaterial) is as a kind of design of material theory and research forward position, more and more cause people's concern, so-called super material, refer to artificial composite structure or compound substance that some have the not available extraordinary physical property of natural material, by the structurally ordered design on the key physical yardstick of material, can break through the restriction of some apparent natural law, thereby obtain to exceed the intrinsic common meta-materials function of nature.
" the super material " that develop so far comprising: " left-handed materials ", photonic crystal, " super magnetic material " etc., super material character are the intrinsic properties of major decision and constituent material not often, and is decided by artificial structure wherein.
Super material forms the material behavior that can provide various common materials to have and do not have by media substrate and a plurality of artificial structure that arranges on the upper base material.Single artificial structure size is generally less than 1/10 wavelength, and it has electroresponse and/or magnetic response to extra electric field and/or magnetic field, thereby has the effective dielectric constant of showing and/or equivalent permeability, perhaps equivalent refractive index and wave impedance.The effective dielectric constant of artificial structure and equivalent permeability (or equivalent refractive index and wave impedance) are determined by the cell geometry dimensional parameters, can artificially design and control.And artificial structure can have the anisotropic electromagnetic parameter of artificial design, thereby produces the phenomenon of many novelties, provides possibility for realizing electromagnetic impact.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is, optical loss, the volume that provide a kind of Refractive focusing that maintains cylindrical mirror, more effectively reduces lens simultaneously be little, simple, be easy to realize and the electromagnetic super material of compression that cost is low.
The present invention solves the first technical scheme that its technical matters adopts: provide a kind of compression electromagnetic super material, comprise: base material and a plurality of artificial microstructure, described base material is divided into a plurality of lattices, an artificial microstructure places a lattice to form a unit, described super material is divided into a plurality of sections, the descending gradual change of each section refractive index, described each section length satisfies following formula:
The unit refractive index of described each section satisfies following formula:
I is by being divided sector number, and value is natural number, when i=1, and y
0=0;
n
MaxBe the unit largest refractive index on each section of super material;
n
MinBe the unit minimum refractive index on each section of super material;
S be wave source perpendicular to the first section start element on the super material plane and the air line distance of described wave source, f is the frequency of wave source, c is the light velocity, λ is wavelength, described start element is the unit of the first section refractive index maximum, y is distance y on the super material vertical direction
0Distance.
In the electromagnetic super material of compression of the present invention, described super material forms by a plurality of plate shape substrates are stacked, and each plate shape substrates forms by base material and a plurality of artificial microstructure, and all artificial microstructures form periodic array in the space.
In the electromagnetic super material of compression of the present invention, described all artificial microstructures are inhomogeneity periodic array in the space.
In the electromagnetic super material of compression of the present invention, in the situation that base material is selected, obtain described refractive index by pattern, design size and/or artificial microstructure the arranging in the space that changes artificial microstructure.
In the electromagnetic super material of compression of the present invention, described base material is made by stupalith, macromolecular material, ferroelectric material, ferrite material or ferromagnetic material.
In the electromagnetic super material of compression of the present invention, described artificial microstructure is the figuratum metal wire that is attached on the base material of tool.
In the electromagnetic super material of compression of the present invention, described metal wire is attached on the base material by etching, plating, brill quarter, photoetching, electronics is carved or ion is carved method.
In the electromagnetic super material of compression of the present invention, described metal wire is copper cash or silver-colored line.
In the electromagnetic super material of compression of the present invention, described metal wire is two-dimentional flakes, it has mutually the first main line and the second main line that vertically is " ten " word, each vertically arranges first branch line two ends of described the first main line, and each vertically arranges second branch line two ends of described the second main line.
In the electromagnetic super material of compression of the present invention, described the first main line and the second main line are divided equally mutually, and the center of described the first branch line is connected on the first main line, and the center of described the second branch line is connected on the second main line.
Implement super material of the present invention, have following beneficial effect:
1. volume is little, does not take too much space;
Simple, be easy to realize, low-cost, the Refractive focusing that maintains cylindrical mirror, the optical loss that more effectively reduces lens simultaneously;
3. can allow the electromagnetic wave of dispersing become the parallel wave emission, thereby compress original electromagnetic wave.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the electromagnetic metamaterial structure block scheme of a kind of compression of the embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 2 a is the sectional view that the embodiment of the invention is compressed electromagnetic super material;
Fig. 2 b is the synoptic diagram that the embodiment of the invention is compressed electromagnetic super Refractive Index of Material;
Fig. 3 is the synoptic diagram of an artificial microstructure;
Fig. 4 to Fig. 6 is the figure that derives of Fig. 3.
Embodiment
By describing technology contents of the present invention, structural attitude in detail, realized purpose and effect, below in conjunction with embodiment and cooperate that accompanying drawing is detailed to give explanation.
" super material " refers to artificial composite structure or the compound substance that some have the not available extraordinary physical property of natural material.Structurally ordered design by on the key physical yardstick of material can break through the restriction of some apparent natural law, thereby obtains to exceed the meta-materials function of the intrinsic common character of nature.
Three key characters that " super material " is important:
(1) " super material " the compound substance that normally has novel artificial structure;
(2) " super material " has extraordinary physical property (not available in the natural material often);
(3) " super material " character intrinsic properties of major decision and constituent material not often, and be decided by wherein artificial structure.
See also Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, in example of the present invention, the electromagnetic super material 20 of a kind of compression as shown in Figure 1, comprising: base material 1 and a plurality of artificial microstructure 2, a base material 1 and a plurality of artificial microstructure 2 form a super material plate shape substrates 11, base material 1 is divided into a plurality of lattices, and an artificial microstructure 2 places a lattice to form a unit, and super material 20 is divided into a plurality of sections, the descending gradual change of each section refractive index, each section length satisfies following formula:
Divide the unit refractive index in the section to satisfy following formula:
I is by being divided sector number, and value is natural number, when i=1, and y
0=0,
n
MaxBe the unit largest refractive index on each section of super material;
n
MinBe the unit minimum refractive index on each section of super material;
F is the frequency of wave source 10, and c is the light velocity, and λ is wavelength, and the first section start element is the unit of the first section refractive index maximum, and y is distance y on the super material vertical direction
0Distance.
Can find out that from Fig. 2 a and Fig. 2 b S is wave source 10 perpendicular to the air line distance of the first section start element 201 on super material 20 planes with wave source 10, f is the frequency of wave source 10, and c is the light velocity, and the refractive index of first module is maximum; y
0Be super material 20 the first section reference position (can equivalence being the Y-axis on the plane) in vertical direction, y
0Value is zero, because super material vertically is divided into some sections, that is: the length range that the 1st section is corresponding is y
0To y
1The length range that the second section is corresponding is y
1To y
2The like.Why being divided into each section is because the restriction of technique, there is certain scope distribution process ratio to be easier to reach such as super material 20 refractive indexes, and the refractive index of each section all changes from big to small, and the refractive index of super material 20 each unit is take the first section start element 201 as symmetrical up and down.
As can be seen from Figure 1, electromagnetic wave by super material 20 buses can not change original direction, the electromagnetic wave by super material 20 buses has not become parallel wave (shown in solid line among Fig. 1) through behind this super material 20 by the electromagnetic wave of dispersing (as shown in phantom in Figure 1), thereby has realized electromagnetic compression.
It can also be seen that from Fig. 1, for higher efficient, by three different super material plate shape substrates 11 stacked reflect electromagnetic, just give an example among the figure, in the practical application, because the needs of using, can four, five, six etc. super material plate shape substrates 11 is in addition stacked, for higher efficient, artificial microstructure 2 forms periodic array at base material 1, and particularly the homogeneity periodic array is good.
Fig. 2 is the sectional view of the super material 20 of the embodiment of the invention, although only also can realize convergence effect with a plate shape substrates 11, in fact for better refraction effect, formed by above-described a plurality of plate shape substrates 11 usually that a super combination of materials body 20 uses.
Super material can be to electric field or magnetic field, and perhaps both carry out corresponding simultaneously.The DIELECTRIC CONSTANT ε of super material is depended in the response of electric field, and the response in magnetic field is depended on the magnetic permeability μ of super material.By to the DIELECTRIC CONSTANT ε of every bit in the super material space and the accurate control of magnetic permeability μ, we can realize by super material electromagnetic impact.
One of key character that the distribution even or heterogeneous of the electromagnetic parameter of super material in the space is super material 20.A kind of special shape that evenly be distributed as non-uniform Distribution of electromagnetic parameter in the space, but its concrete property, the characteristic that remains by the unit structure of arranging in the space is determined.Therefore, characteristic by each structure of arranging in the design space, just can design the electromagnetic property of whole super material every bit in the space, this electromagnetic material system will have numerous Strange properties, can play special guiding function to electromagnetic wave propagation.
In the electromagnetic super material of compression of the present invention, base material 1 is made by stupalith, macromolecular material, ferroelectric material, ferrite material or ferromagnetic material.Preferably, select FR4, F4B, teflon, this class material electrical insulating property is very good, therefore can not produce electromagnetic electric field and disturb, and have good chemical stability, corrosion resistance, long service life, the base material 1 that adheres to as artificial microstructure 2 is good selection.
In the electromagnetic super material of compression of the present invention, described artificial microstructure 2 is the figuratum metal wire that is attached on the base material 1 of a tool.
In the electromagnetic super material of compression of the present invention, metal wire is attached on the base material 1 by etching, plating, brill quarter, photoetching, electronics is carved or ion is carved method.
In the electromagnetic super material of compression of the present invention, described metal wire is copper cash or silver-colored line.
As shown in Figure 3, as a specific embodiment, described metal wire is two-dimentional flakes, it has mutually the first main line 21 and the second main line 22 that vertically is " ten " word, the two ends of described the first main line 21 are vertically installed with two the first branch lines 23, and the two ends of described the first main line are vertically installed with two the second branch lines 24.Described the first main line 21 and the second main line 22 are divided equally mutually, and the center of described two the first branch lines 23 is connected on the first main line 21, and the center of described two the second branch lines 24 is connected on the second main line 22.In this embodiment, isotropic situation is:
The first main line is identical with the second main line length; The first branch is also identical with the second branch length;
Certainly, here just for a simple example, the pattern of metal wire can also for other, such as Fig. 4-shown in Figure 6.Wherein Fig. 4-Fig. 6 is deriving of above-mentioned pattern, namely all adds two branch lines at the two ends of two the first branch lines and two the second branch lines again, and the rest may be inferred, and much other patterns of deriving can also be arranged; The present invention can not enumerate one by one to this.Just signal among the figure, in fact the first main line, the second main line, the first branch line and the second branch line all have width.
4 above-mentioned examples all are the artificial microstructures 2 that can affect index distribution; Also have in addition many artificial microstructures 2 that affect index distribution, such as the opening resonance loop structure that in many documents, all is referred to.Artificial microstructure 2 can also have a lot of distortion patterns in addition, and the present invention can not enumerate one by one to this.
In the situation that base material 1 is selected, can be by the pattern of the artificial microstructure 2 of design, index distribution result's (that is: should satisfy the formula shown in the embodiment one) that the arranging acquisition in the space of design size and/or artificial microstructure is wanted, in other words, by designing the pattern of artificial microstructure 2, design size and/or artificial microstructure arranging in the space, can design excess of export material 20 maximum with minimum refractive index of each section in the space, thereby determine the refractive index of each section, how as for the pattern that obtains artificial microstructure, design size and/or the refractive index of artificial microstructure in the space are arranged, this method is multiple, give an example, can obtain by reverse computer simulation, at first we determine the index distribution result of needs, go to design the index distribution result of super material monolithic according to this result, calculate again the index distribution result of every bit the space from integral body, select the pattern of corresponding artificial microstructure according to the index distribution of every bit, design size and/or artificial microstructure arranging in the space (having deposited in advance multiple artificial microstructure data in the computing machine), design to each point can be used the method for exhaustion, for example select first the artificial microstructure with specific pattern, calculate the index distribution result, with the result who obtains and the contrast that we want, contrast recycle repeatedly, till the refractive index that finds us to want, if found, then finished the design parameter of artificial microstructure 2 and selected; If do not find, then change a kind of artificial microstructure of pattern, the circulation above repeating is till the index distribution result who finds us to want.If still do not find, then said process can not stop yet.After that is to say the index distribution result's who has only found our needs artificial microstructure, program just can stop.Because this process is all finished by computing machine, therefore, seem complicated, in fact can finish soon.
Implement super material of the present invention, have following beneficial effect:
1. volume is little, does not take too much space;
Simple, be easy to realize, low-cost, the Refractive focusing that maintains cylindrical mirror, the optical loss that more effectively reduces lens simultaneously;
3. can allow the electromagnetic wave of dispersing become the parallel wave emission, thereby compress original electromagnetic wave.
The above is described embodiments of the invention by reference to the accompanying drawings; but the present invention is not limited to above-mentioned embodiment; above-mentioned embodiment only is schematic; rather than restrictive; those of ordinary skill in the art is under enlightenment of the present invention; not breaking away from the scope situation that aim of the present invention and claim protect, also can make a lot of forms, these all belong within the protection of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. one kind is compressed electromagnetic super material, it is characterized in that, comprise: base material and a plurality of artificial microstructure, described base material is divided into a plurality of lattices, an artificial microstructure places a lattice to form a unit, described super material is divided into a plurality of sections, the descending gradual change of each section refractive index, and described each section length satisfies following formula:
Divide the unit refractive index in the section to satisfy following formula:
I is by being divided sector number, and value is natural number, when i=1, and y
0=0,
n
MaxBe the unit largest refractive index on each section of super material;
n
MinBe the unit minimum refractive index on each section of super material;
S be wave source perpendicular to the first section start element on the super material plane and the air line distance of described wave source, f is the frequency of wave source, c is the light velocity, λ is wavelength, described start element is the unit of the first section refractive index maximum, y
0Be super material 20 the first section reference position in vertical direction, y is distance y on the super material vertical direction
0Distance.
2. the electromagnetic super material of compression according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described super material forms by a plurality of plate shape substrates are stacked, and each plate shape substrates forms by base material and a plurality of artificial microstructure, and all artificial microstructures form periodic array in the space.
3. the electromagnetic super material of compression according to claim 2 is characterized in that, described all artificial microstructures are inhomogeneity periodic array in the space.
4. the electromagnetic super material of compression according to claim 1 is characterized in that, in the situation that base material is selected, obtains described refractive index by pattern, design size and/or artificial microstructure the arranging in the space that changes artificial microstructure.
5. the electromagnetic super material of compression according to claim 1 is characterized in that described base material is made by stupalith, macromolecular material, ferroelectric material, ferrite material or ferromagnetic material.
6. the electromagnetic super material of compression according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described artificial microstructure is the figuratum metal wire that is attached on the base material of tool.
7. the electromagnetic super material of compression according to claim 6 is characterized in that, described metal wire is attached on the base material by etching, plating, brill quarter, photoetching, electronics is carved or ion is carved method.
8. the electromagnetic super material of compression according to claim 6 is characterized in that, described metal wire is copper cash or silver-colored line.
9. the electromagnetic super material of compression according to claim 6, it is characterized in that, described metal wire is two-dimentional flakes, it has mutually the first main line and the second main line that vertically is " ten " word, each vertically arranges first branch line two ends of described the first main line, and each vertically arranges second branch line two ends of described the second main line.
10. the electromagnetic super material of compression according to claim 9 is characterized in that, described the first main line and the second main line are divided equally mutually, and the center of described the first branch line is connected on the first main line, and the center of described the second branch line is connected on the second main line.
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Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101389998A (en) * | 2004-07-23 | 2009-03-18 | 加利福尼亚大学董事会 | Metamaterials |
| US20090160718A1 (en) * | 2007-12-21 | 2009-06-25 | Ta-Jen Yen | Plane focus antenna |
| US20090201572A1 (en) * | 2008-02-07 | 2009-08-13 | Toyota Motor Engineering & Manufacturing North America, Inc. | Metamaterial gradient index lens |
| CN101587990A (en) * | 2009-07-01 | 2009-11-25 | 东南大学 | Broad band cylindrical lens antenna based on artificial electromagnetic materials |
| WO2010021736A2 (en) * | 2008-08-22 | 2010-02-25 | Duke University | Metamaterials for surfaces and waveguides |
| CN101699659A (en) * | 2009-11-04 | 2010-04-28 | 东南大学 | Lens antenna |
-
2011
- 2011-05-04 CN CN201110113874.4A patent/CN102890298B/en active Active
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101389998A (en) * | 2004-07-23 | 2009-03-18 | 加利福尼亚大学董事会 | Metamaterials |
| US20090160718A1 (en) * | 2007-12-21 | 2009-06-25 | Ta-Jen Yen | Plane focus antenna |
| US20090201572A1 (en) * | 2008-02-07 | 2009-08-13 | Toyota Motor Engineering & Manufacturing North America, Inc. | Metamaterial gradient index lens |
| WO2010021736A2 (en) * | 2008-08-22 | 2010-02-25 | Duke University | Metamaterials for surfaces and waveguides |
| CN101587990A (en) * | 2009-07-01 | 2009-11-25 | 东南大学 | Broad band cylindrical lens antenna based on artificial electromagnetic materials |
| CN101699659A (en) * | 2009-11-04 | 2010-04-28 | 东南大学 | Lens antenna |
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