CN102888485B - Modificator for changing growth morphology of primary austenite of gray cast irons, preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Modificator for changing growth morphology of primary austenite of gray cast irons, preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN102888485B CN102888485B CN 201210401649 CN201210401649A CN102888485B CN 102888485 B CN102888485 B CN 102888485B CN 201210401649 CN201210401649 CN 201210401649 CN 201210401649 A CN201210401649 A CN 201210401649A CN 102888485 B CN102888485 B CN 102888485B
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- 229910001566 austenite Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 5
- 235000000396 iron Nutrition 0.000 title abstract 5
- 229910001060 Gray iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910001018 Cast iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 44
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
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- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
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- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010079 rubber tapping Methods 0.000 claims description 4
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- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 33
- 230000005496 eutectics Effects 0.000 abstract description 30
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 abstract description 21
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 21
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 8
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 4
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 4
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 3
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- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- Refinement Of Pig-Iron, Manufacture Of Cast Iron, And Steel Manufacture Other Than In Revolving Furnaces (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a modificator for changing growth morphology of primary austenite of gray cast irons, a preparation method and application thereof. The modificator consists of the following components by mass percent: 10-20% of vanadium, 3-5% of nitrogen, 10-20% of silicon, 2-5% of calcium, 2-5% of chromium and the balance of iron. The preparation method of the modificator comprises the following steps: mixing, smelting and cooling iron alloy containing vanadium, nitrogen, chromium, silicon and calcium elements, grinding into particles with particle size of 4-8 mm and adding gray cast iron solution by using an in-casting ladle modification method. The modificator is used for processing easily-processed high-strength gray cast irons. Treatment using the modificator can expectedly improve the growth morphology of the primary austenite of the hypo eutectic gray cast irons and simultaneously obtain fine and bent graphite tissues so as to greatly improve the mechanical property ofthe gray cast irons.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of alterant that changes graphitic cast iron primary austenite growth morphology, be used for changing hypoeutectic gray iron is separated out primary austenite at process of setting growth pattern, obtain crisscross spatial network shape primary austenite, thereby reach the development of restriction graphitic cast iron eutectic solidification, obtain the graphite structure of tiny bending, to improve the mechanical property of graphitic cast iron.
Background technology
Because graphitic cast iron has good wear resistance, damping property and machinability, it has a very wide range of applications in Foundry Production, especially in the application of automobile industry.The cylinder body of high-powered engine and cylinder cap use high-strength gray cast iron to be material mostly, and general engine material is also used graphitic cast iron in a large number, according to statistics, in the 265.2 ten thousand tons of engine cylinder-bodies and cylinder head casting that the main motor corporation in the nineteen ninety-five world produces, the cylinder block casting of graphitic cast iron material accounts for 93.4%.In the 9136.8 ten thousand tons of iron castings in the world in 2006, castings of gray cast iron output is 4253.9 ten thousand tons, and the castings of gray cast iron that China produces accounts for 32.7% of world's total amount.As seen, though graphitic cast iron, is subjected to the brute force competition of spheroidal graphite, vermicular cast iron, non-ferrous metal and plastics etc. owing to problems such as intensity, demand is still very big.
For a long time, Chinese scholars and expert are for the intensity that improves graphitic cast iron has been carried out in a large number, systematic research work, and its approach is as follows: (1) reduces carbon equivalent, improves graphitic cast iron tensile strength.But there is casting technique performance variation; Chilling tendency increases, and is difficult to processing; Stress is big, is easy to generate crackle; Iron liquid shrinks big, easily produces shrinkage porosite, causes seepage; Casting section susceptibility height is easy to generate key theory and technical barriers such as waste product.(2) carbon equivalent high graphitic cast iron is carried out alloying (adding Mo, Ni etc.), but because there be high and relatively poor key theory and the technical barrier of processing characteristics of cost in the quick rising of prices such as Mo, Ni in the world wide, restricted the competitive power of product in market.
Generally believe that features such as the graphite form in the microstructure of grey cast iron, size, quantity have fundamental influence to mechanical property, the machinability of graphitic cast iron, the graphite feature in the control microstructure of grey cast iron namely can obtain required graphitic cast iron performance.
For hypoeutectic gray iron, its process of setting is at first separated out primary austenite in liquid state, reduction along with temperature of solidification, primary austenite dendrite is constantly grown up, when temperature is reduced to eutectic temperature, the liquid phase of ot-yet-hardened begins to take place graphite and the austenitic eutectic reaction of eutectic, and solidified structure is the eutectic cell that graphite and eutectic austenite are formed.The solidified structure of this moment is primary austenite+eutectic austenite+graphite.Along with the continuation reduction of temperature, the austenitic transformation in the microstructure of grey cast iron is perlite or perlite+ferrite.
If the growth of control primary austenite in the cast iron solidification process, make primary austenite be the spatial network development, then can limit the growth of graphite in the eutectic solidification process, be conducive to obtain shape bending, the tiny graphite of size, thereby reach the purpose that improves the graphitic cast iron mechanical property.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide the alterant that a kind of add-on is few, cost is low, technology simply changes graphitic cast iron primary austenite growth morphology, this kind alterant adopts casting ladle endomorphism method, can change the growth morphology of primary austenite in the hypoeutectic gray iron process of setting, form the network of space structure complexity, reach the growing space of restriction eutectic graphite, obtain tiny, crooked graphite structure, thereby improve the purpose of hypoeutectic gray iron intensity.
Purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of alterant for change graphitic cast iron primary austenite growth morphology comprises the vanadium of mass percent 10%～20%, 3%～5% nitrogen, 10%～20% silicon, 2%～5% calcium, 2%～5% chromium, and surplus is iron.
A kind of preparation method for the alterant that changes graphitic cast iron primary austenite growth morphology, be the particle that is broken into 4～8 mm sizes after the iron alloy mixing that will contain vanadium, nitrogen, chromium, silicon, calcium constituent, melting, the cooling, adopt casting ladle endomorphism method to add in the graphitic cast iron solution.
Adopt described alterant to handle easily processing high-strength gray cast iron, alloying constituent is by mass percentage: 3.19～3.35C, 1.90～2.06Si, 0.31～0.48Mn, 0.013～0.03P, 0.075～0.09S, 0.46～0.66Cu, 0.18～0.35Cr, adopt the melting of 500Kg power frequency smelting furnace, thermocouple temperature measurement, 1530 ℃ of molten iron tapping temperatures, breed in the casting ladle and rotten, fully stirring back cast tensile strength in resin bonded sand mould measures and the fabric analysis sample, specimen size Φ 30mm * 300mm, the alterant add-on is 0.45～0.8%.
Marginal data
Fig. 1 embodiment 1 test graphitic cast iron A primary austenite tissue.
Fig. 2 embodiment 1 test graphitic cast iron B primary austenite tissue.
Fig. 3 embodiment 1 test graphitic cast iron C primary austenite tissue.
Fig. 4 embodiment 1 test graphitic cast iron D primary austenite tissue.
Fig. 5 embodiment 2 test graphitic cast iron A graphite structures.
Fig. 6 embodiment 2 test graphitic cast iron B graphite structures.
Fig. 7 embodiment 2 test graphitic cast iron C graphite structures.
The relation of Fig. 8 embodiment 2 test graphitic cast iron ladder sample sample thickness and hardness
Embodiment
1, adopt the melting of 500Kg power frequency smelting furnace, thermocouple temperature measurement, 1530 ℃ of molten iron tapping temperatures breed in the casting ladle and rotten, fully stir back cast tensile strength in resin bonded sand mould and measure and the fabric analysis sample specimen size Φ 30mm * 300mm.The alterant add-on is 0.3%～0.6%.The tested alloys composition is as shown in table 1.
The chemical ingredients of table 1 tested alloys
Fig. 1～4 are the tissue after the test graphitic cast iron process austenitizing anneal.Wherein be the black bar shape for graphite, brilliant white be the primary austenite tissue, and grey black is pearlitic structure.
Do not add as can be seen in the Sample A of alterant of the present invention (Fig. 1), Graphite Distribution is even, almost can't see tangible eutectic cell, and the size of eutectic cell is very big in other words, adopts the microscopic examination of 50 times of magnifications, can't see a complete eutectic cell.The explanation of this kind situation is when the temperature of solidification of graphitic cast iron reaches the eutectic reaction temperature, begin to take place the austenitic eutectic reaction of graphite and eutectic, because primary austenite simple in structure, the restriction that makes the growth of eutectic cell be subjected to reduces, thereby obtains graphite structure straight, that be evenly distributed.
From the photo of organizing of Fig. 3～4, add alterant of the present invention after, along with the increase of alterant add-on, the pattern generation considerable change of eutectic cell, size reduces, quantity increases.And along with the increase of alterant add-on of the present invention, the austenite between the eutectic cell and pearlitic structure showed increased, this is corresponding with the process of setting of graphitic cast iron equally.In the process of setting of hypoeutectic gray iron, at first separate out primary austenite, continuous reduction along with temperature of solidification, primary austenite is constantly grown up, when the temperature of alloy is reduced to the eutectic reaction temperature, remaining liquid phase generation eutectic reaction, form crystallization with eutectic cell forms graphite and eutectic austenite, and the adding of alterant of the present invention can promote primary austenite to be the spatial network growth, and the continuous growth of primary austenite can further promote the raising of carbon concentration in the ot-yet-hardened liquid phase, thereby when temperature of solidification reached the eutectic reaction temperature, eutectic reaction took place in the primary austenite cyberspace, impels the generation of mass crystallization core, increase the quantity of eutectic cell, simultaneously, because primary austenite is the spatial network development, limited the growth of eutectic cell, obtain tiny eutectic cell, it is tiny that graphite is, bending shape.
For high-strength gray cast iron, the graphite that is organized as the following ferrite matrix+sheet of perlite+5% more than 95% under its normal temperature, perlite is to be transformed by primary austenite and eutectic austenite, it is the basic assurance that high-strength gray cast iron has strong mechanical performance, flake graphite in the tissue then is equivalent to the tiny crack in the matrix, the size of flake graphite is more big, shape is more straight, then more obvious to the effect of isolating of matrix, cause that the mechanical property of high-strength gray cast iron reduces.Adopt that alterant of the present invention is rotten to be handled, can obtain the primary austenite of spatial network complexity, simultaneously, obtain tiny eutectic cell, the growth of the graphite tiny bending that becomes, thus can improve the mechanical property of high-strength gray cast iron.Table 2 is the tensile strength measurement result of technic metal graphitic cast iron, and as seen, the alterant add-on increases, and has improved the tensile strength of graphitic cast iron.
The tensile strength (MPa) of table 2 test high-strength gray cast iron
2, adopt the melting of 500Kg power frequency smelting furnace, thermocouple temperature measurement, 1530 ℃ of molten iron tapping temperatures breed in the casting ladle and rotten, fully stir back cast tensile strength in resin bonded sand mould and measure and the fabric analysis sample specimen size Φ 30mm * 300mm.The alterant add-on is 0.45%～0.8%.The tested alloys composition is as shown in table 3.
Table 3 experiment high-strength gray cast iron A, B, C chemical ingredients (wt.%)
Fig. 5～7 are the graphite structure of experiment graphitic cast iron, as can be seen: the graphite structure of experiment graphitic cast iron all is A type graphite, but the increase along with alterant add-on of the present invention, it is more tiny, crooked that graphite in the graphitic cast iron becomes, and tiny, crooked graphite is one of prerequisite that obtains high-strength gray cast iron.Table 4 is handled the mechanics performance determining result of graphitic cast iron for adopting alterant of the present invention, and as seen, the alterant add-on increases, and the tensile strength of graphitic cast iron is significantly improved.
The tensile strength (MPa) of table 4 test high-strength gray cast iron
Fig. 8 is the measurement of hardness result at test graphitic cast iron ladder sample different wall place, as can be seen along with the increase of sample wall thickness, the hardness of sample reduces, and this point is different with wall thickness naturally, the speed of cooling difference, the alloy structure difference that obtains, wall thickness is more thin, and speed of cooling is more high, and organizing of cast iron is more tiny, therefore, hardness is also more high; On the other hand, as can be seen, along with increasing of alterant add-on of the present invention, the nonhomogeneous hardness at ladder sample different wall place reduces, and that is to say that the tissue of graphitic cast iron is more even relatively, and the processing characteristics that improves graphitic cast iron is had excellent benefit.
Claims (1)
1. an employing is handled the easily method of processing high-strength gray cast iron for the alterant that changes graphitic cast iron primary austenite growth morphology, the composition of described alterant is 10%～20%V by mass percentage, 3%～5%N, 10%～20%Si, 2%～5%Ca, 2%～5%Cr, surplus is Fe, it is characterized in that: the graphitic cast iron composition is by mass percentage: 3.19%～3.35%C, 1.90%～2.06%Si, 0.31%～0.48%Mn, 0.013%～0.03%P, 0.075%～0.09%S, 0.46%～0.66%Cu, 0.18%～0.35%Cr, surplus is Fe and unavoidable impurities element, adopt the melting of 500Kg power frequency smelting furnace, thermocouple temperature measurement, 1530 ℃ of molten iron tapping temperatures, breed in the casting ladle and rotten, fully stirring back cast tensile strength in resin bonded sand mould measures and the fabric analysis sample, specimen size Ф 30mm * 300mm, the alterant add-on is 0.45%～0.8% by mass percentage.
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Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SU1705390A1 (en) * | 1990-04-04 | 1992-01-15 | Всесоюзный Заочный Политехнический Институт | Alloying additive for steel |
| CN101255525A (en) * | 2007-12-22 | 2008-09-03 | 繁昌县金贸铸造有限责任公司 | Method for producing high-strength gray cast iron |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SU1705390A1 (en) * | 1990-04-04 | 1992-01-15 | Всесоюзный Заочный Политехнический Институт | Alloying additive for steel |
| CN101255525A (en) * | 2007-12-22 | 2008-09-03 | 繁昌县金贸铸造有限责任公司 | Method for producing high-strength gray cast iron |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 中国冶金百科全书编辑委员会《钢铁冶金》卷编辑委员会等.《中国冶金百科全书 钢铁冶金卷》.《中国冶金百科全书 钢铁冶金卷》.冶金工业出版社,2001,第721页第15-27行. * |
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