CN102888240B - Method for preparing high-performance fuel oil by adopting mesoporous alkaline carbon materials to carry out catalytic cracking on grease - Google Patents

Abstract

A method for preparing high-performance fuel oil by mesoporous basic carbon material catalytic cracking oil, comprising the following steps: the first step is to use the hard template method to synthesize the mesoporous carbon carrier, and the alkali that accounts for 1%-15% of the mass of the mesoporous carrier Hydroxide or carbonate of metal is supported on the surface of mesoporous carbon carrier to obtain basic mesoporous carbon catalyst; second step, by mass ratio m _triglyceride : m _{basic mesoporous carbon catalyst} =100:1～10 Weigh the triglyceride and the catalyst into the reactor, heat the reactor to 350-500°C, collect the resulting fractions, and obtain a dark brown liquid as the product. The carbon material of the present invention is an inert material, and can well maintain the original mesoporous structure after being loaded. The combination of basic catalyst and mesoporous material carrier can not only obtain low acid value catalytic cracking liquid fuel oil with less carboxyl content, but also control the molecular weight distribution of cracking products and obtain diesel fractions (C14-C22) in a directional manner.

Description

A method for preparing high-performance fuel oil by mesoporous basic carbon material catalytic cracking oil

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of biomass energy conversion, and mainly relates to the research of a new triglyceride catalytic cracking catalyst.

Background technique

The primary energy sources dominated by petroleum and coal are increasingly depleted, while biomass energy uses renewable or recycled organic substances, including crops, trees and other plants and their residues, as raw materials for the production of bio-based products and biofuels industry. Among them, the catalytic cracking of triglyceride is an effective method for preparing liquid fuel. In the previous patent (200910029495.X), we described the oil cracking reaction under the action of basic catalysis, but because only basic compounds are used as catalysts, the molecular weight distribution of cracked products is wide, and some raw materials are randomly pyrolyzed The reaction further generates low-carbon hydrocarbons, which reduces the yield. In order to increase the yield of oil products, mainly to increase the yield of diesel fractions, we hope to use mesoporous carriers and use their pore size structure (>2nm, generally microporous catalysts are easy to form low-carbon hydrocarbons) to reduce the secondary cracking reaction. occur,. A variety of mesoporous silicon has been used as a carrier, but mesoporous silicon materials are prone to structural instability under strong alkaline conditions, and generally no catalyst with a regular mesoporous structure can be obtained after loading (synthesis of new mesoporous solid alkali materials . Advances in Chemistry. 2009, 21:1839-1846).

Contents of the invention

The technical problem solved: In order to solve the problem that the pore structure of existing catalysts such as mesoporous silicon materials is unstable under alkaline conditions, the invention provides a preparation method of mesoporous basic carbon materials, and the yield of cracking oil with the catalyst is High, the molecular weight of the obtained pyrolysis oil product is concentrated in the diesel fraction (C14-C22).

Technical solution: A method for preparing high-performance fuel oil by catalytically cracking grease with mesoporous basic carbon materials, comprising the following steps:

In the first step, the mesoporous carbon carrier is synthesized by the hard template method, and the alkali metal, alkaline earth metal hydroxide or carbonate, which accounts for 1%-15% of the mass of the mesoporous carrier, is loaded on the surface of the mesoporous carbon carrier to obtain the alkali Sexual mesoporous carbon catalysts;

In the second step, according to the mass ratio m _triglyceride :m _{basic mesoporous carbon catalyst} =100:1～10 ratio, take triglyceride, basic mesoporous carbon catalyst and put it into the reactor, heat the reactor to 350 ~500°C, collect the resulting fractions, and obtain a dark brown liquid as the product.

The hard templating agent in the hard templating method is SBA-15, the carbon source is sucrose, and after pre-carbonization and carbonization, a carbon-silicon composite is formed, and then the silicon templating agent is removed with HF aqueous solution to obtain a mesoporous carbon carrier, and 1 %-15%wt alkali metal, alkaline earth metal hydroxide or carbonate loaded on the surface of the carrier to obtain the basic mesoporous carbon catalyst.

The hydroxide of the alkali metal is sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide, and the carbonate of the alkali metal is sodium carbonate or potassium carbonate.

The triglyceride is any one of soybean oil, rapeseed oil, gutter oil or catering waste oil.

Beneficial effects: the basic mesoporous carbon catalyst described in the present invention has the following advantages:

1. Carbon materials are inert materials, which can well maintain the original mesoporous structure after being loaded, while conventional silicon-type mesoporous materials are unstable under alkaline conditions, and it is impossible to obtain basic mesoporous catalysts with stable pore structure .

2. Using basic catalysts and mesoporous material carriers to cooperate with each other, not only can obtain low acid value catalytic cracking liquid fuel oil with less carboxyl content, but also can control the molecular weight distribution of cracking products, and obtain diesel fractions (C14-C22) in a directional manner. As shown in Figure 1.

3. The basic compound used for loading is simple and easy to obtain, and the loading method is simple and easy.

4. This method has wide adaptability of raw materials, and can handle various kinds of oils, including waste oils, acidified oils and other difficult-to-handle raw materials.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 Gas chromatograms of pyrolysis oil products produced by different catalysts (a. basic mesoporous carbon catalyst, b. sodium carbonate catalyst);

The fuel oil product prepared by the basic mesoporous carbon catalyst can be directed to obtain the diesel fraction (C14-C22), and the content calculated by the area normalization method is >70%. However, the molecular weight distribution of common basic catalyst sodium carbonate is dispersed, and the content of diesel fraction (C14-C22) is less than 50%.

Figure 2 Molecular weight distribution of pyrolysis oil products produced by different catalysts (a. basic mesoporous carbon catalyst, b. sodium carbonate catalyst).

It can be clearly found that the molecular weight distribution of the fuel oil product prepared by the basic mesoporous carbon catalyst has a strong peak at 280-320 through the determination of the molecular weight distribution, while the molecular weight distribution of the fuel oil product obtained by the common basic catalyst sodium carbonate is relatively low, indicating that Structural regulation by mesoporous structures

Detailed ways

Soybean oil, rapeseed oil, gutter oil and catering waste oil were all commercially available.

A method for preparing high-performance fuel oil by mesoporous basic carbon material catalytic cracking grease, comprising the following steps:

In the first step, a mesoporous carbon carrier is synthesized by a hard template method, and 1%-15%wt of alkali metals, alkaline earth metal hydroxides, and carbonates are loaded on the surface of the carrier to obtain an alkaline mesoporous carbon catalyst; The hard template agent is SBA-15 mesoporous molecular sieve, sucrose is the carbon source, and after pre-carbonization at 160°C and carbonization at 900°C, a mesoporous carbon carrier is obtained; the hydroxide or carbonate of alkali metal or alkaline earth metal It is any one of sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, potassium hydroxide and potassium carbonate, preferably sodium oxide.

In the second step, according to the mass ratio m _triglyceride :m _{basic mesoporous carbon catalyst} =100:1～10 ratio, take triglyceride, basic mesoporous carbon catalyst and put it into the reactor, heat the reactor to 350 ~500°C, collect the resulting fractions, and obtain a dark brown liquid as the product.

Wherein, the preparation method of mesoporous carbon carrier is:

1) Dissolve 1 g of mesoporous molecular sieve SBA-15 (hard template agent) in 11 mL of distilled water, add 1.25 g of sucrose and 7.2 mL of 0.2 mol/L sulfuric acid, and sonicate for 1 h;

2) Evaporate the water to constant weight at 90 °C, and then carbonize initially at 160 °C for 6 h;

3) Grind the preliminary carbonized product through an 80-mesh sieve, then dissolve it in 11 mL of water, add 0.75 g of sucrose and 4 mL of 0.2 mol/L sulfuric acid;

4) Repeat the process of water evaporation at 90°C and initial carbonization at 160°C;

5) Under the protection of N ₂ , put it in a tube furnace at 900 °C for 5 h;

6) The obtained product was dissolved in 5% HF solution and stirred for 24 hours to remove the hard template;

7) Centrifuge, wash with distilled water until neutral, and dry in an oven at 60°C to obtain a mesoporous carbon carrier.

Basic mesoporous carbon catalyst preparation method:

1) Dissolve 0.05 g potassium carbonate in 10 mL distilled water;

2) Add 1 g of mesoporous carbon support and sonicate for 1 h;

3) The water was removed by rotary evaporation to obtain the basic mesoporous carbon catalyst (5 %wt potassium carbonate).

Example 1:

Dissolve 1 g of mesoporous molecular sieve SBA-15 (hard template agent) in 11 mL of distilled water, add 1.25 g of sucrose and 7.2 mL of 0.2 mol/L sulfuric acid, and sonicate for 1 h; Evaporate to constant weight, and then preliminarily carbonize at 160 °C for 6 h; grind the preliminarily carbonized product through an 80-mesh sieve, then dissolve it in 11 mL of water, add 0.75 g of sucrose and 4 mL of 0.2 mol/L sulfuric acid again; repeat The process of water evaporation at 90 ℃ and preliminary carbonization at 160 ℃; under the protection of N ₂ , put it in a tube furnace at 900 ℃ for 5 h; the obtained product was dissolved in 5% HF solution and stirred for 24 h to remove the hard template ; centrifuged, washed with distilled water until neutral, and dried in an oven at 60°C to obtain a mesoporous carbon carrier. Dissolve 0.05 g of potassium carbonate in 10 mL of distilled water; add 1 g of mesoporous carbon support and sonicate for 1 h; remove water by rotary evaporation to obtain basic mesoporous carbon catalyst (5 %wt potassium carbonate). Add 10 g soybean oil, 0.5 g basic mesoporous carbon catalyst (5 %wt potassium carbonate) into the cracking tube. When the temperature was raised to 420 °C, condensed liquid appeared until no distillate was formed. The pyrolysis yielded 7.8 g of liquid, 0.7 g of residual carbon, and 1.5 g of non-condensable gas.

Example 2:

Dissolve 1 g of mesoporous molecular sieve SBA-15 (hard template agent) in 11 mL of distilled water, add 1.25 g of sucrose and 7.2 mL of 0.2 mol/L sulfuric acid, and sonicate for 1 h; Evaporate to constant weight, and then preliminarily carbonize at 160 °C for 6 h; grind the preliminarily carbonized product through an 80-mesh sieve, then dissolve it in 11 mL of water, add 0.75 g of sucrose and 4 mL of 0.2 mol/L sulfuric acid again; repeat The process of water evaporation at 90 ℃ and preliminary carbonization at 160 ℃; under the protection of N ₂ , put it in a tube furnace at 900 ℃ for 5 h; the obtained product was dissolved in 5% HF solution and stirred for 24 h to remove the hard template ; centrifuged, washed with distilled water until neutral, and dried in an oven at 60°C to obtain a mesoporous carbon carrier. Dissolve 0.05 g of potassium carbonate in 10 mL of distilled water; add 1 g of mesoporous carbon support and sonicate for 1 h; remove water by rotary evaporation to obtain basic mesoporous carbon catalyst (5 %wt potassium carbonate). Add 10 g rapeseed oil, 0.5 g basic mesoporous carbon catalyst (5 %wt potassium carbonate) into the cracking tube. When the temperature was raised to 420 °C, condensed liquid appeared until no distillate was formed. 7.7 g of liquid, 0.7 g of carbon residue and 1.6 g of non-condensable gas were obtained by cracking.

Example 3:

Dissolve 1 g of mesoporous molecular sieve SBA-15 (hard template agent) in 11 mL of distilled water, add 1.25 g of sucrose and 7.2 mL of 0.2 mol/L sulfuric acid, and sonicate for 1 h; Evaporate to constant weight, and then preliminarily carbonize at 160 °C for 6 h; grind the preliminarily carbonized product through an 80-mesh sieve, then dissolve it in 11 mL of water, add 0.75 g of sucrose and 4 mL of 0.2 mol/L sulfuric acid again; repeat The process of water evaporation at 90 ℃ and preliminary carbonization at 160 ℃; under the protection of N ₂ , put it in a tube furnace at 900 ℃ for 5 h; the obtained product was dissolved in 5% HF solution and stirred for 24 h to remove the hard template ; centrifuged, washed with distilled water until neutral, and dried in an oven at 60°C to obtain a mesoporous carbon carrier. Dissolve 0.05 g of potassium carbonate in 10 mL of distilled water; add 1 g of mesoporous carbon support and sonicate for 1 h; remove water by rotary evaporation to obtain basic mesoporous carbon catalyst (5 %wt potassium carbonate). Add 10 g of waste oil and 0.5 g of basic mesoporous carbon catalyst (5 %wt potassium carbonate) into the cracking tube. When the temperature was raised to 420 °C, condensed liquid appeared until no distillate was formed. The pyrolysis yielded 7.4 g of liquid, 1.7 g of residual carbon, and 0.9 g of non-condensable gas.

Example 4:

Dissolve 1 g of mesoporous molecular sieve SBA-15 (hard template agent) in 11 mL of distilled water, add 1.25 g of sucrose and 7.2 mL of 0.2 mol/L sulfuric acid, and sonicate for 1 h; Evaporate to constant weight, and then preliminarily carbonize at 160 °C for 6 h; grind the preliminarily carbonized product through an 80-mesh sieve, then dissolve it in 11 mL of water, add 0.75 g of sucrose and 4 mL of 0.2 mol/L sulfuric acid again; repeat The process of water evaporation at 90 ℃ and preliminary carbonization at 160 ℃; under the protection of N ₂ , put it in a tube furnace at 900 ℃ for 5 h; the obtained product was dissolved in 5% HF solution and stirred for 24 h to remove the hard template ; centrifuged, washed with distilled water until neutral, and dried in an oven at 60°C to obtain a mesoporous carbon carrier. Dissolve 0.05 g of potassium hydroxide in 10 mL of distilled water; add 1 g of mesoporous carbon support and sonicate for 1 h; remove water by rotary evaporation to obtain basic mesoporous carbon catalyst (5 %wt potassium hydroxide). Add 10 g of waste oil and 0.5 g of basic mesoporous carbon catalyst (5 %wt potassium hydroxide) into the cracking tube. When the temperature was raised to 420 °C, condensed liquid appeared until no distillate was formed. The pyrolysis yielded 7.3 g of liquid, 1.8 g of residual carbon, and 0.9 g of non-condensable gas.

Example 5:

Dissolve 1 g of mesoporous molecular sieve SBA-15 (hard template agent) in 11 mL of distilled water, add 1.25 g of sucrose and 7.2 mL of 0.2 mol/L sulfuric acid, and sonicate for 1 h; Evaporate to constant weight, and then preliminarily carbonize at 160 °C for 6 h; grind the preliminarily carbonized product through an 80-mesh sieve, then dissolve it in 11 mL of water, add 0.75 g of sucrose and 4 mL of 0.2 mol/L sulfuric acid again; repeat The process of water evaporation at 90 ℃ and preliminary carbonization at 160 ℃; under the protection of N ₂ , put it in a tube furnace at 900 ℃ for 5 h; the obtained product was dissolved in 5% HF solution and stirred for 24 h to remove the hard template ; centrifuged, washed with distilled water until neutral, and dried in an oven at 60°C to obtain a mesoporous carbon carrier. Dissolve 0.05 g of sodium carbonate in 10 mL of distilled water; add 1 g of mesoporous carbon support and sonicate for 1 h; remove water by rotary evaporation to obtain basic mesoporous carbon catalyst (5 %wt sodium carbonate). Add 10 g of waste oil and 0.5 g of basic mesoporous carbon catalyst (5 %wt sodium carbonate) into the cracking tube. When the temperature was raised to 420 °C, condensed liquid appeared until no distillate was formed. 7.1 g of liquid, 1.9 g of carbon residue and 1.0 g of non-condensable gas were obtained by cracking.

Embodiment 6:

Dissolve 1 g of mesoporous molecular sieve SBA-15 (hard template agent) in 11 mL of distilled water, add 1.25 g of sucrose and 7.2 mL of 0.2 mol/L sulfuric acid, and sonicate for 1 h; Evaporate to constant weight, and then preliminarily carbonize at 160 °C for 6 h; grind the preliminarily carbonized product through an 80-mesh sieve, then dissolve it in 11 mL of water, add 0.75 g of sucrose and 4 mL of 0.2 mol/L sulfuric acid again; repeat The process of water evaporation at 90 ℃ and preliminary carbonization at 160 ℃; under the protection of N ₂ , put it in a tube furnace at 900 ℃ for 5 h; the obtained product was dissolved in 5% HF solution and stirred for 24 h to remove the hard template ; centrifuged, washed with distilled water until neutral, and dried in an oven at 60°C to obtain a mesoporous carbon carrier. Dissolve 0.05 g of sodium hydroxide in 10 mL of distilled water; add 1 g of mesoporous carbon support and sonicate for 1 h; remove water by rotary evaporation to obtain basic mesoporous carbon catalyst (5 %wt sodium hydroxide). Add 10 g of waste oil and 0.5 g of basic mesoporous carbon catalyst (5 %wt sodium hydroxide) into the cracking tube. When the temperature was raised to 420 °C, condensed liquid appeared until no distillate was formed. 7.2 g of liquid, 1.7 g of carbon residue, and 1.1 g of non-condensable gas were obtained by cracking.

Embodiment 7:

Dissolve 1 g of mesoporous molecular sieve SBA-15 (hard template agent) in 11 mL of distilled water, add 1.25 g of sucrose and 7.2 mL of 0.2 mol/L sulfuric acid, and sonicate for 1 h; Evaporate to constant weight, and then preliminarily carbonize at 160 °C for 6 h; grind the preliminarily carbonized product through an 80-mesh sieve, then dissolve it in 11 mL of water, add 0.75 g of sucrose and 4 mL of 0.2 mol/L sulfuric acid again; repeat The process of water evaporation at 90 ℃ and preliminary carbonization at 160 ℃; under the protection of N ₂ , put it in a tube furnace at 900 ℃ for 5 h; the obtained product was dissolved in 5% HF solution and stirred for 24 h to remove the hard template ; centrifuged, washed with distilled water until neutral, and dried in an oven at 60°C to obtain a mesoporous carbon carrier. Dissolve 0.05 g of sodium hydroxide in 10 mL of distilled water; add 1 g of mesoporous carbon support and sonicate for 1 h; remove water by rotary evaporation to obtain basic mesoporous carbon catalyst (5 %wt sodium hydroxide). Add 10 g of waste oil and 0.5 g of basic mesoporous carbon catalyst (5 %wt sodium hydroxide) into the cracking tube. When the temperature was raised to 350 °C, condensed liquid appeared until no distillate was formed. The pyrolysis yielded 6.9 g of liquid, 2.4 g of residual carbon, and 0.7 g of non-condensable gas.

Embodiment 8:

Dissolve 1 g of mesoporous molecular sieve SBA-15 (hard template agent) in 11 mL of distilled water, add 1.25 g of sucrose and 7.2 mL of 0.2 mol/L sulfuric acid, and sonicate for 1 h; Evaporate to constant weight, and then preliminarily carbonize at 160 °C for 6 h; grind the preliminarily carbonized product through an 80-mesh sieve, then dissolve it in 11 mL of water, add 0.75 g of sucrose and 4 mL of 0.2 mol/L sulfuric acid again; repeat The process of water evaporation at 90 ℃ and preliminary carbonization at 160 ℃; under the protection of N ₂ , put it in a tube furnace at 900 ℃ for 5 h; the obtained product was dissolved in 5% HF solution and stirred for 24 h to remove the hard template ; centrifuged, washed with distilled water until neutral, and dried in an oven at 60°C to obtain a mesoporous carbon carrier. Dissolve 0.05 g of sodium hydroxide in 10 mL of distilled water; add 1 g of mesoporous carbon support and sonicate for 1 h; remove water by rotary evaporation to obtain basic mesoporous carbon catalyst (5 %wt sodium hydroxide). Add 10 g of waste oil and 0.5 g of basic mesoporous carbon catalyst (5 %wt sodium hydroxide) into the cracking tube. When the temperature was raised to 500 °C, a condensed liquid appeared until no distillate was formed. The pyrolysis yielded 7.3 g of liquid, 1.4 g of residual carbon, and 1.3 g of non-condensable gas.

Embodiment 9:

Dissolve 1 g of mesoporous molecular sieve SBA-15 (hard template agent) in 11 mL of distilled water, add 1.25 g of sucrose and 7.2 mL of 0.2 mol/L sulfuric acid, and sonicate for 1 h; Evaporate to constant weight, and then preliminarily carbonize at 160 °C for 6 h; grind the preliminarily carbonized product through an 80-mesh sieve, then dissolve it in 11 mL of water, add 0.75 g of sucrose and 4 mL of 0.2 mol/L sulfuric acid again; repeat The process of water evaporation at 90 ℃ and preliminary carbonization at 160 ℃; under the protection of N ₂ , put it in a tube furnace at 900 ℃ for 5 h; the obtained product was dissolved in 5% HF solution and stirred for 24 h to remove the hard template ; centrifuged, washed with distilled water until neutral, and dried in an oven at 60°C to obtain a mesoporous carbon carrier. Dissolve 0.05 g of sodium hydroxide in 10 mL of distilled water; add 1 g of mesoporous carbon support and sonicate for 1 h; remove water by rotary evaporation to obtain basic mesoporous carbon catalyst (5 %wt sodium hydroxide). Add 10 g of waste oil and 0.1 g of basic mesoporous carbon catalyst (5 %wt sodium hydroxide) into the cracking tube. When the temperature was raised to 420 °C, condensed liquid appeared until no distillate was formed. The pyrolysis yielded 7.8 g of liquid, 1.4 g of residual carbon, and 0.8 g of non-condensable gas.

Example 10:

Dissolve 1 g of mesoporous molecular sieve SBA-15 (hard template agent) in 11 mL of distilled water, add 1.25 g of sucrose and 7.2 mL of 0.2 mol/L sulfuric acid, and sonicate for 1 h; Evaporate to constant weight, and then preliminarily carbonize at 160 °C for 6 h; grind the preliminarily carbonized product through an 80-mesh sieve, then dissolve it in 11 mL of water, add 0.75 g of sucrose and 4 mL of 0.2 mol/L sulfuric acid again; repeat The process of water evaporation at 90 ℃ and preliminary carbonization at 160 ℃; under the protection of N ₂ , put it in a tube furnace at 900 ℃ for 5 h; the obtained product was dissolved in 5% HF solution and stirred for 24 h to remove the hard template ; centrifuged, washed with distilled water until neutral, and dried in an oven at 60°C to obtain a mesoporous carbon carrier. Dissolve 0.05 g of sodium hydroxide in 10 mL of distilled water; add 1 g of mesoporous carbon support and sonicate for 1 h; remove water by rotary evaporation to obtain basic mesoporous carbon catalyst (5 %wt sodium hydroxide). Add 10 g of waste oil and 1 g of basic mesoporous carbon catalyst (5 %wt sodium hydroxide) into the cracking tube. When the temperature was raised to 500 °C, a condensed liquid appeared until no distillate was formed. 7.0 g of liquid, 1.3 g of carbon residue, and 1.7 g of non-condensable gas were obtained by cracking.

Example 11:

Gained catalytic pyrolysis oil properties in embodiment 6 are as table 1:

Table 1 Comparison of various properties of catalytic pyrolysis oil with literature values

nature catalytic cracking oil Literature value ^a acid value 25.3 116-207 Density (g/cm ³ ) 0.86 0.818-0.882 water content 0.43 - calorific value (kJ/g) 42.6 - Viscosity (mm ² /s, 30 ℃) 4.4 2.7-3.7 Exterior dark brown -

a. Reference [Daniela G. Limaa, Valerio C.D. Soares a, Eric B. Ribeiro a. Diesel-like fuel obtained by pyrolysis of vegetable oils[J]. J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis 2004. 71, 987-996]

It can be seen from Table 1 that the properties of pyrolysis fuel oil products are significantly better than the literature values, especially the acid value is significantly reduced, indicating that the basic catalyst has a significant role in the regulation of the acid value of pyrolysis oil products.

Claims (1)

1. the method for a mesoporous alkaline carbon material catalytic pyrolysis oil and fat preparation high-performance fuel oil, it is characterized in that comprising the following steps: the hard mould agent mesoporous molecular sieve SBA-15 of 1 g is dissolved in the distilled water of 11 mL, add the sucrose of 1.25 g and the sulfuric acid of 7.2 mL 0.2 mol/L, ultrasonic 1 h; Under the condition of 90 ℃, moisture is evaporated to constant weight, then at 160 ℃ preliminary carbonization 6 h; The product of preliminary carbonization was ground to 80 mesh sieves, then be dissolved in 11 mL water, again added the sucrose of 0.75 g and the sulfuric acid of 4 mL 0.2 mol/L; Repeat the process of 90 ℃ of moisture evaporations and 160 ℃ of preliminary carbonizations; At N ₂protection under, put into 900 ℃, tube furnace insulation, 5 h; It is that 5% HF solution stirring, 24 h remove hard mould agents that products therefrom is dissolved in volume fraction; Centrifugal, with distilled water, be washed till neutrality, be put in 60 ℃ of dry mesoporous carbon carriers that obtain in baking oven; By 0.05 g dissolution of sodium hydroxide in 10 mL distilled water; Add 1 g mesoporous carbon carrier, ultrasonic 1 h; Rotary evaporation is removed moisture, obtains the alkaline gold/mesoporous carbon catalyst containing 5 %wt sodium hydroxide, and 10 g sewer oils, 0.5 g are added to cracking tube containing the alkaline gold/mesoporous carbon catalyst of 5 %wt sodium hydroxide; Be warming up to 420 ℃, occur that condensed fluid is to generating without cut, cracking obtains liquid 7.2 g, carbon residue 1.7 g, non-condensable gases 1.1 g.