CN1028837C - Microwave diagnostic instrument with Archimedes spiral probe - Google Patents
Microwave diagnostic instrument with Archimedes spiral probe Download PDFInfo
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- CN1028837C CN1028837C CN 89102298 CN89102298A CN1028837C CN 1028837 C CN1028837 C CN 1028837C CN 89102298 CN89102298 CN 89102298 CN 89102298 A CN89102298 A CN 89102298A CN 1028837 C CN1028837 C CN 1028837C
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- microwave
- probe
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- noise source
- dicke switch
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a passive microwave diagnostic instrument composed of a thermal information extraction part and an information processing system. The passive microwave diagnostic instrument is provided with an Archimedes spiral probe having favorable impedance match with human tissues, and can receive circularly polarized waves or elliptically polarized waves in the frequency range of 2.25 to 2.65 GHz, and the standing-wave ratio is less than or equal to 2; matching load composed of a film resistor, a constant temperature tank, etc. has little thermal inertia and sensitive temperature control. The instrument also uses multiple shielding layer coaxial cables, an electronic isolation technique and other methods, and the whole instrument has the advantages of low noise, high gain, high stability and no injury to human bodies. Clinical experiments in relevant units prove that the passive microwave diagnostic instrument is a novel effective diagnostic instrument capable of detecting deep tissue tumors in human bodies.
Description
The present invention is a kind of medical diagnosis system that uses microwave technology.
This century the seventies, microwave radiometer begins to be applied to biomedical sector, as the BarretA.H of Massachusetts Institute Technology, people such as P.C.Myers are used for diagnosing mammary cancer with microwave radiometer, the microwave noninvasive temperature estimation research of many countries in carrying out tumor thermotherapy, the microwave thermal measuring device that U.S. Pat 4346716 and European patent EU114094 are reported is than perfect system in the existing breast cancer diagnosis apparatus.The microwave detection system of U.S. Pat 4346716 is a dual mode system, uses 1.6GH
2The microwave local heat detects the position, and uses 4.7GH
2Radiometer detects tumor.The double square waveguide that this system fills with medium is as probe, and transmitting probe is that larger caliber rectangular waveguide, detection probe are more small-bore rectangular waveguide, two rectangular waveguide broadside cobasis lines.This system's probe is operated in C-band, gets H
10Loft polarized wave mode, investigation depth is limited, and is invalid to the tumor of going into the body deep tissue such as esophageal carcinoma etc.; The active part launched microwave is harmful, can not repeatedly use, and probe is not contacted with human body position to be looked into, and blunt microwave also makes the personnel that operate for a long time suffer damage; Influence each other between active system and the radiometer system, solve this electromagnetic compatibility problem increases circuit complexity and cost.
In view of the microwave thermal radiation intensity of human body deep tissue tumor very little by (about 10
-11Wm
-2HZ
-1Sr
-2), it is very faint to arrive body surface after the multi-layer medium cases transmission attenuation, and how surveying and extract this faint microwave thermal radiation information is exactly the key issue of microwave diagnostic apparatus.It is not high to the present invention is directed in the prior art rectangular waveguide or circular waveguide probe recipient soma microwave thermal radiation efficient, design the best probe that can effectively receive deep tumor microwave radiation information, and the bright temperature metering system of the microwave thermal radiation that will design low noise, high-gain, high stable, when carrying out information processing, strive for big as far as possible can available information, so that a kind of not damaged, no harmful radiation, intelligentized deep tumor diagnostic instruments to be provided.
Microwave diagnostic apparatus of the present invention is made up of microwave wave radiation information extraction part and information processing system two large divisions.The microwave thermal radiation information extraction part comprises parts such as probe, circulator, Dicke switch, matched load, microwave amplifier chain, microwave detection and solid-state noise source.Information processing system comprises quadratic detection, exchanges amplification, synchronous integration, synchronous detection, direct current amplification, integral operation amplifier, A/D converter and parts such as microprocessor, printer.
In the microwave thermal radiation transmission characteristic research of planar layered media, utilize the Shell law, at certain characteristic frequency, make the spontaneous electromagnetic heat radiation trajectory diagram of tumor in the human muscular tissue by the wave number circle, can qualitatively aware skin surface and forward ray, broken line and the line of creeping can occur, promptly can present complicated ellipsoid polarized wave in the outside of skin.So can know by inference with the more favourable reception of circularly polarised wave probe the electromagnetic heat radiation information that consumes in the biological layered medium is arranged.In view of the above, the probe of the present invention's design is made of probe substrate and probe substrate holder, the probe substrate is the copper facing dieelctric sheet, and its surface is the microstrip line that copper plate forms through etching process, and the microstrip line track is a spiral of Archimedes, satisfy polar equation L=a Φ, Φ is the anglec of rotation in the formula, and a is a constant, and its span is 0.5-1.5mm/rad, probe substrate thickness of dielectric layers is 0.125-0.25 λ e, wherein λ e=
, λ is the operating wave wavelength, and ε is the medium dielectric constant, and above-mentioned probe substrate places on the probe substrate holder, and the probe substrate holder is a goblet, cross section is circular, is the probe substrate holder that prevents from the heat radiated noise wave interference of creeping, can also adopt to have choke groove.
Except that the special probe of design, the present invention is the low noise and the high stability of assurance system, also take more following measures: design special film resistor as matched load, this film resistor through coated film deposition on ceramic substrate, its Standard resistance range is 45-55 Ω, make and also have critesistor on the ceramic substrate in standing-wave ratio≤1.08, said elements places in the temperature chamber of being made up of mica sheet, resistive heater, asbestos ribbon etc.
For reducing the insertion loss that coaxial cable line and a series of joint bring, direct and the assembly of thermal information extraction unit sub-headend element formation of probe, be easy to use under some situation, when probe must be connected with thermal information extraction unit sub-headend element by cable connection, then adopt many screen layers coaxial cable, this many screen layers coaxial cable has two-layer or three layers of copper mesh screen layer, and two ends link by transition of mechanical impedance section and coaxial cable plug (seat).For making the anti-bending of screen layer coaxial cable more than this section, its outermost layer is a rubber insulation, is inserted in the metal hose again.
Become empty ripple glitch for avoiding big electric current square wave excitation source on Dicke switch inner wire, to produce the induction square wave, the present invention can adopt the square joint coaxial cable connector to connect Dicke switch and preposition RF amplifier, and this square joint coaxial cable connector can adopt commercially available normal component.
The present invention can also adopt the electrical isolation technology between Dicke switch two input arms, prevent that useful noise signal and zero balancing from injecting noise and going here and there matched load one end together, promptly on the constant-current source circuit of solid-state noise source, add interrupt circuit, when making Dicke switch connection matched load, disconnect solid-state noise source; When disconnecting matched load, connect solid-state noise waves.
Because the microwave thermal radiation of abnormal structure's temperature human body usually above normal structure is relevant with body temperature in the human body, the present invention is according to suffering from the tumour patient health corresponding site temperature difference and normal person's health corresponding site temperature difference, design is applicable to the bright thermogram prejudgementing criteria software in human lesion position of judging nasopharyngeal carcinoma, esophageal carcinoma, breast carcinoma and hepatocarcinoma respectively, after microwave diagnostic apparatus of the present invention extracts microwave thermal radiation information from tested human body, through information processing system, utilize above-mentioned prejudgementing criteria software, can be judged as normal, benign tumor or malignant tumor.
Probe of the present invention and tissue impedance matching are good, at 2.25-2.65GH
zIn the frequency range, can receive circular polarisation or elliptically polarised wave, standing-wave ratio≤2; Matched load and temperature chamber that film resistor etc. constitute, its thermal inertia is more much smaller than coaxial matched load temperature chamber, and the take-off control signal is little, and temperature is controlled sensitivity, is easy to reach the constant temperature precision; Adopt many screen layers coaxial cable and square joint coaxial cable connector, can avoid the external microwave radiation interference, avoid spurious signal; Adopt the electrical isolation technology to avoid injecting the noise string, guaranteed the accuracy of reference temperature to matched load one end.Above-mentioned measure makes microwave diagnostic apparatus of the present invention have low noise, high-gain and high stability, surveys the human body degree of depth and can reach positions such as esophagus, nasopharynx, liver, pancreas, surpasses in the world the level of the 2cm degree of depth of report at present.The diagnostic apparatus of being manufactured experimently according to the present invention is through relevant province, the nearly 1100 routine clinical diagnosis experiments of city tumour hospital, and the positive coincidence rate of esophageal carcinoma reaches 86%, negative match-rate 81%; The positive coincidence rate of nasopharyngeal carcinoma reaches 86%, negative match-rate all reaches 67-75%, the positive coincidence rate and the negative match-rate of hepatocarcinoma all reach 67-75%, the positive coincidence rate and the negative match-rate of hepatocarcinoma all reach 76%, the coincidence rate of diagnosis liver cirrhosis reaches 86%, diagnosis breast tumor coincidence rate reaches 92%, and except mastopathy, above effect of the present invention is not seen before.The present invention is entirely passive system, harmless to human body, have also that numeral shows and means such as printing, compare with the diagnostic devices such as X-CT of the NMR-CT of present China import, cost is low, effective, be convenient to generally investigate in early days, be a kind of novel diagnostic means.
Accompanying drawings specific embodiments of the present invention, Fig. 1 is the probe substrate of single spiral of Archimedes for the microstrip line track, and Fig. 2 is the probe substrate of two spiral of Archimedes for the microstrip line track, and Fig. 3 is the side view of Fig. 1 and Fig. 2; Fig. 4 is the probe substrate that two dieelctric sheets are formed, and wherein a slice dieelctric sheet tow sides have the microstrip line of reverse spiral of Archimedes, and the right side is its side view among the figure; Among above-mentioned all figure, [1] is microstrip line, is formed through corrosion by probe substrate surface copper plate, and [2] are dielectric layers, and [3] are copper plates.Fig. 5 is that the probe substrate is placed in the situation on the probe substrate holder, wherein [4] link to each other with microstrip line [1] for the coupling silk, the contact surface available polyethylene coverlay film of probe and human body, [5] be the probe substrate holder, probe substrate copper plate [3] contracts with polyethylene with probe substrate holder [5]
Binding agent thin layers such as glue bonding, [11] are coaxial cable plug (seat) outer conductor, and [12] are this plug (seat) inner wire, and [11] are connected with [5] available screw, and [12] connect with soldering with [1].Fig. 6 is the probe substrate holder that has choke groove, for ease of processing, this probe substrate holder is made of substrate holder shell [6] and the substrate holder [7] that has a choke groove, [8] be choke groove, when in the substrate holder during filled media, choke groove [8] bottom land to probe is λ e/4 with people's contact level distance, not during filled media, this distance is λ/4, determines the choke groove degree of depth with this.[9] be the suction nozzle hole, [10] are air bag, and [9] and [10] equally also can be used on the probe substrate holder of Fig. 5 for ease of probe being adsorbed in human body surface and setting up.Fig. 7 is matched load constant current slot cross-section figure, Fig. 8 is its cross-sectional top view, wherein [13] are film resistor, through coated film deposition on ceramic substrate [14], [15] be the copper plate of ceramic substrate, be bonded on the resistance substrate seat [18], resistance substrate seat [18] can be the politef copper plated material and constitutes, with be screwed with spoke cable plug (seat) outer conductor [11], [16] be resistance lead,, be placed with critesistor [17] on the ceramic substrate [14] with coaxial cable plug (seat) inner wire (12) welding, said elements outsourcing mica sheet [19], around last resistive heater [20], its skin winds with asbestos ribbon [21] then, and in addition capsule [22] constitutes temperature chamber again, capsule [22] can be added the aluminum shell as polyfluortetraethylene plate and be constituted by adiabatic dielectric material.[23] be coupling nut, with it with matched load temperature chamber and Dicke switch connection, after the supply voltage of 220 volts of 50Hz transferred to 70 volts, supply with the resistive heater [20] of matched load temperature chamber through all wave rectification, critesistor [17] is as temperature sensor, the break-make of closed loop control heating current is to reach homothermic purpose.Fig. 9 is a system block diagram of the present invention, probe [25] picked-up tissue microwave thermal radiation information, arrive Dicke switch [27] through circulator [26], [28] be matched load, [29] be the microwave amplifier chain, [30] be square-law detector, exchange to amplify 1[31] and exchange amplification 2[33] between insert synchronous integration circuit [32], [33] output is converted to dc error signal through synchronous detection [34], send into direct current amplifier [35], be transported to integral operation amplifier [36] again, it outputs to the output indication of RC integrator [41] as complete machine, behind A/D converter [42], by microprocessor and printer [43] output display result.Simultaneously, voltage controlled oscillator [38] is delivered in the output of integral operation amplifier [36] again, finishes the V-f conversion, and output pulse signal removes logical constant-current source [39] switch that cuts noise source, reaches the purpose of the noise power of the solid-state noise source of modulation [40].Synchronous integration [32], synchronous detection [34] and Dicke switch [27] are carried square wave by square-wave generator [37] feed.Figure 10 for probe [25] directly with the situation of an assembly of thermal information extraction unit sub-headend element circulator [26] formation, provide each element of microwave amplifier chain [29] among the figure, [29-1] is the square joint cable connector, [29-2] is preposition RF amplifier, [29-3] is the low-loss isolator, [29-4] is microwave amplifier, and [29-5] is microwave power amplifier.Save said elements among Figure 11, provide the situation that probe [25] is connected with circulator [26] by many screen layers coaxial cable [44].Figure 12 is the profile of many screen layers coaxial cable [44], wherein [45] are cable inner conductor, it is outer to be teflon insulation dielectric medium [46], it is outward the first copper mesh screen layer [47], [47] outer is politef pipe box [48], it is outward the second copper mesh screen layer [49], it is outer to be rubber tube [50], these many screen layers coaxial cable two ends are copper pipe cover [51], this copper sleeve [51] is fixed with scolding tin with coupling sleeve [54] the close-fitting merging of coaxial cable plug [seat], insert exponential type transition of mechanical impedance section [52] between cable inner conductor and coaxial cable plug [seat] outer conductor [11], [52] can form by copper spare is silver-plated, [53] are the soldering solder joint of cable inner conductor [45] and coaxial cable plug (seat) inner wire [12].Figure 13 is two types of exponential type transition of mechanical impedance section [52], [52-1] is the exponential type curve cross sectional shape, [52-2] is the fold line cross-section shape that Chebyshev polynomials constitute, and under two kinds of situations, the parameter of curve or broken line selects to make standing-wave ratio≤1.1 of transition of mechanical impedance section [52].For further strengthening shielding properties, in case of necessity, except that the first copper mesh screen layer [47] and the second copper mesh screen layer [49], also can increase the 3rd layer of copper mesh screen layer and corresponding dielectric layer.
Claims (9)
1, a kind of by the microwave diagnostic apparatus that thermal information extracts partly and information processing system is formed, its thermal information extraction unit branch comprises parts such as probe, circulator, Dicke switch, matched load, microwave amplifier chain, microwave detection and solid-state noise source; Information processing system comprises quadratic detection, exchanges parts such as amplification, synchronous integration, synchronous detection, direct current amplification, integral operation amplifier, A/D converter and microprocessor, it is characterized in that:
-probe is made of probe substrate and probe substrate holder, the probe substrate is the copper facing dieelctric sheet, the surface is the microstrip line that copper plate forms through corrosion, the microstrip line track can be single spiral of Archimedes, also can be two spiral of Archimedes, or probe substrate two sides forms positive and negative reverse spiral of Archimedes, and above-mentioned helix polar equation is L-α Φ, the span 0.5-1.5mm/rad of a;
-matched load is made of film resistor and temperature chamber, film resistor through coated film deposition on ceramic substrate, its Standard resistance range is 45-55 Ω, and ceramic substrate is bonded in the resistance substrate seat, and said elements places in the temperature chamber of being made up of mica sheet, resistive heater, asbestos ribbon etc.
2, a kind of microwave diagnostic apparatus as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that:
-probe substrate thickness of dielectric layers is 0.125-0.25 λ e;
-probe substrate holder can have choke groove, in the described substrate holder during filled media, is λ e/4 to probe with people's contact level distance at the bottom of the choke groove, and during filled media, above-mentioned distance is not λ/4;
-described probe substrate holder also can be offered and be communicated with extraneous suction nozzle hole, is used with air bag.
3, a kind of microwave diagnostics as claimed in claim 1 or 2 is examined, and it is characterized in that:
-described probe directly with assembly of thermal information extraction unit sub-headend element formation, remove from coaxial cable and a series of joint or
-probe is connected with thermal information extraction unit sub-headend element by many screen layers coaxial cable, this many screen layers coaxial cable has two-layer or three layers of copper mesh screen layer, described many screen layers coaxial cable two ends are connected with coaxial fitting by the transition of mechanical impedance section, this transition of mechanical impedance section cross sectional shape is an exponential type curve, or the broken line that constitutes by Chebyshev polynomials, the parameter of above-mentioned curve or broken line selects to make standing-wave ratio≤1.1 of transition of mechanical impedance section.
4, a kind of microwave diagnostic apparatus as claimed in claim 1 or 2 is characterized by between Dicke switch and preposition RF amplifier, adopts the square joint coaxial cable connector to connect.
5, a kind of microwave diagnostic apparatus as claimed in claim 3 is characterized by between Dicke switch and preposition RF amplifier, adopts square joint to connect with cable connector.
6, a kind of microwave diagnostic apparatus as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized by between Dicke switch two input arms and adopt the electrical isolation technology, promptly on the constant-current source circuit of solid-state noise source, add interrupt circuit, when making Dicke switch connection matched load, disconnect solid-state noise source, when the Dicke switch disconnects matched load, connect solid-state noise source.
7, a kind of microwave diagnostic apparatus as claimed in claim 3, it is characterized by between Dicke switch two input arms and adopt the electrical isolation technology, promptly on the constant-current source circuit of solid-state noise source, add interrupt circuit, when making Dicke switch connection matched load, disconnect solid-state noise source; When the Dicke switch disconnects matched load, connect solid-state noise source.
8, a kind of microwave diagnostic apparatus as claimed in claim 4, it is characterized by between Dicke switch two input arms and adopt the electrical isolation technology, promptly add interrupt circuit on the constant-current source circuit of solid-state noise source, when making Dicke switch connection matched load, solid-state noise source breaks; When the Dicke switch disconnects matched load, connect solid-state noise source.
9, a kind of microwave diagnostic apparatus as claimed in claim 5, it is characterized by between Dicke switch two input arms and adopt the electrical isolation technology, promptly add interrupt circuit on the constant-current source circuit of solid-state noise source, when making Dicke switch connection matched load, solid-state noise source breaks; When the Dicke switch disconnects matched load, connect solid-state noise source.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 89102298 CN1028837C (en) | 1989-04-14 | 1989-04-14 | Microwave diagnostic instrument with Archimedes spiral probe |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 89102298 CN1028837C (en) | 1989-04-14 | 1989-04-14 | Microwave diagnostic instrument with Archimedes spiral probe |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1046274A CN1046274A (en) | 1990-10-24 |
| CN1028837C true CN1028837C (en) | 1995-06-14 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 89102298 Expired - Fee Related CN1028837C (en) | 1989-04-14 | 1989-04-14 | Microwave diagnostic instrument with Archimedes spiral probe |
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| CN100399987C (en) * | 2006-04-03 | 2008-07-09 | 何宗彦 | Method of dynamic detecting organism parameter and its medical detecting analyzer |
| CN106442573A (en) * | 2016-12-27 | 2017-02-22 | 成都信息工程大学 | Rapid non-destructive testing device for microwave surface-mounted component |
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1989
- 1989-04-14 CN CN 89102298 patent/CN1028837C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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| CN1046274A (en) | 1990-10-24 |
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