CN102883374A - Resource distribution method for satellite communication system - Google Patents
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- CN102883374A CN102883374A CN2012103884895A CN201210388489A CN102883374A CN 102883374 A CN102883374 A CN 102883374A CN 2012103884895 A CN2012103884895 A CN 2012103884895A CN 201210388489 A CN201210388489 A CN 201210388489A CN 102883374 A CN102883374 A CN 102883374A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a resource distribution method for a satellite communication system. The method comprises the following steps that: service general packet radio service (GPRS) supporting node (SGSN) sends a service resource request to a master station according to the service application of an attached satellite terminal; the master station determines a service resource of the service application of the attached satellite terminal according to the service resource request; and the master station receives the data sent by the SGSN according to the service resource. The invention also provides a method for distributing resources to the satellite terminal by the master station in the satellite communication system, and the method comprises the following steps that: the satellite terminal sends resource request signaling to the master station; the master station determines a time slot resource according to the resource request signaling of the satellite terminal; and the satellite terminal sends data to the master station according to the time slot resource determined by the master station. By the method, quality of service (QoS) guarantee strategy of a service is provided for the satellite communication system through 3rd generation (3G) core network mature equipment, the utilization rate of satellite wireless resources is improved by resource distribution for different types of services and signaling, and real-time performance of the bearer service of the satellite communication system is guaranteed.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of satellite communication, relate to a kind of resource allocation methods of satellite communication system, also relate to simultaneously the resource allocation methods between main website and ICBM SHF satellite terminal in a kind of satellite communication system.
Background technology
Satellite communication is compared other communication technologys and is had unique advantage, and especially it is not subjected to the impact of the factors such as geographical environment, positional distance.At present communication technology of satellite fast development, the appearance of large capacity broadband connections satellite becomes possibility so that various multimedia services are carried in satellite communication.Along with the extensive use of satellite communication, its networking scale constantly enlarges, and the terminal quantity of access satellite communication system is also in continuous increase.Satellite communication system in the past can't carried out detailed differentiation to the Packet Service that carries aspect the resource distribution, especially in the huge situation of terminal quantity, can not finish according to the different terminals different service types distribution of Radio Resource, in the process that resource is distributed, can not embody the QoS support process, lack the strict control to the real-time service transmission.
Summary of the invention
Technology of the present invention is dealt with problems and is: for high efficiency and the validity that ensures that extensive ICBM SHF satellite terminal resource is distributed, the invention provides a kind of resource allocation methods of satellite communication system, this method is after partly accessing the 3G core net with inserting of satellite, adopt 3G core net mature equipment to ensure strategy for satellite communication system provides QoS of survice, business and signaling that the inserting of satellite part is dissimilar are carried out the utilance that the resource distribution has improved the satellite radio resource, guaranteed the Real-time Ability of this satellite communication system bearer service.
Technical solution of the present invention is:
Resource allocation methods of the present invention may further comprise the steps:
(1) described SGSN sends the service resources request to main website, and changes step (2) over to according to the business application of the ICBM SHF satellite terminal that is attached;
(2) described main website according to service resources request determine that the business of the ICBM SHF satellite terminal that is attached applies for described service resources; If described main website can satisfy this described service resources, then change step (3) over to, otherwise notify described SGSN again to send the service resources request according to described professional application;
(3) described main website receives the data that described SGSN sends according to described service resources; And described data are separated obtain the formation of wireless connections signaling, the Packet Service formation is connected the signaling formation with Packet Service;
(4) described main website is better than Packet Service connection signaling according to the wireless connections signaling and is better than the order of Packet Service to the formation of described ICBM SHF satellite terminal transmission wireless connections signaling, Packet Service formation or the formation of Packet Service connection signaling.
Further, in above-mentioned resource allocation methods, described service resources request distributes demand signalling to send to described main website by described SGSN by RAB,
Further, in above-mentioned resource allocation methods, described main website determines described service resources according to type of service, service rate and the professional QoS information of service resources request.
Further, in above-mentioned resource allocation methods, the ICBM SHF satellite terminal that is attached was finished before the adhering to of described 3G core net, and described main website makes an addition to described 3G core net described Packet Service and connects in the signaling formation to the signaling of adhering to that described ICBM SHF satellite terminal sends.
Further, in above-mentioned resource allocation methods, described main website keeps one for each ICBM SHF satellite terminal that is attached and is used for keeping connecting, and resists the static resource of burst flow.
Main website may further comprise the steps to the resource allocation methods of ICBM SHF satellite terminal in above-mentioned satellite communication system:
ICBM SHF satellite terminal will with main website between be used for keeping the signaling of wireless connections, the grouped data that receives and with described 3G between be used for keeping the signaling that grouping is connected and add respectively the formation of wireless connections signaling, Packet Service formation and be connected to connect the signaling formation, the while is to main website transmission resource request signaling;
Described main website determines time interval resource according to the resource request signaling of described ICBM SHF satellite terminal;
Described ICBM SHF satellite terminal sends the formation of wireless connections signaling, Packet Service formation and is connected to connect the signaling formation to described main website according to the time interval resource that described main website determines.
Further, in above-mentioned main website in the resource allocation methods of ICBM SHF satellite terminal, if described main website can't determine time interval resource when receiving the resource request signaling of ICBM SHF satellite terminal, then behind the waiting system setting-up time, again determine time interval resource according to described resource request signaling.
Further, in the resource allocation methods of ICBM SHF satellite terminal, described time interval resource passes through burst planned time signalling to described ICBM SHF satellite terminal by described main website in above-mentioned main website.
Further, in above-mentioned main website in the resource allocation methods of ICBM SHF satellite terminal, described ICBM SHF satellite terminal utilization passback business burst bag sends the formation of wireless connections signaling, Packet Service formation and the connection signaling formation of being connected to described main website, and the formation of wherein wireless connections signaling is filled in the signaling moiety of described passback business burst bag; Described Packet Service formation be connected grouping and connect the data division that order that the signaling formation is better than Packet Service according to the signaling of keeping wireless connections is filled in described passback business burst bag.
The present invention compared with prior art has following advantage:
(1) but the Real-time Ability of the present invention's Effective Raise institute bearer service.The method that the present invention adopts resource allocation methods to combine with the QoS characteristic of bearer service, the 3G core net provides qos policy for the business of carrying, main website maps to different Packet Services in the different QoS characteristic formations according to the qos policy that obtains, when Resources allocation, be the Packet Service Resources allocation according to different dispatching priorities, the qos requirement that is disposed to reach core net.This resource allocation methods is take the QoS of survice characteristic as the basis, and Resource Allocation Formula meets professional transmission requirement more, can effectively reduce propagation delay time and the delay variation of high real-time business, improves the transmission guarantee of real-time service.
(2) the present invention can reduce the generation of satellite communication system resource overload situation.The present invention adopts the current resource situation access service access according to system, when main website obtains qos parameter, at first according to the professional service resources request of application, check whether the bottom Radio Resource is enough, if inadequate resource does not then access this business, by this mechanism, can prevent the new application business of access in resource-constrained situation, cause the system burst flow excessive, affect the transmission of bearer service.
(3) the present invention can finish the resource allocating task of extensive ICBM SHF satellite terminal.The ICBM SHF satellite terminal quantity that present satellite communication system need to access constantly increases, the disposal ability that resource is distributed and the efficient utilization of resource are the important indicators of a satellite communication system of test, resource allocation methods that the present invention carries adopts the dispatching method of signaling and service detach, qos policy according to the 3G core net is that different business distributes time interval resource, but the utilance of Effective Raise satellite radio resource is avoided occurring fighting for the system crash that resource causes owing to crossing the multiple access ICBM SHF satellite terminal.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the satellite communication system schematic diagram;
Fig. 2 is main website forward link resources distribution method flow process;
Fig. 3 is ICBM SHF satellite terminal return link resource allocation methods flow process.
Embodiment
Below just by reference to the accompanying drawings the present invention is done further introduction.
The satellite communication system that is illustrated in figure 1 as access 3G core net among the present invention forms, and in Fig. 1, native system is comprised of two parts, and a part is the inserting of satellite part: comprise ICBM SHF satellite terminal, main website, satellite; A part is the 3G equipment of the core network: comprise SGSN (Serving GPRS Support Node; GPRS), GGSN (GGSN: Gateway GPRS Support Node), HLR (HLR: Home Location Register) GPRS:.Satellite communication system wherein, main website adopts the TDM system to the forward link of ICBM SHF satellite terminal, and ICBM SHF satellite terminal adopts the MF-TDMA system to the return link of main website, connects a local area network (LAN) after each ICBM SHF satellite terminal, is used for providing the access Packet Service for the user in the local area network (LAN).For the 3G equipment of the core network, adopt between SGSN and the main website adopt between Iu interface, SGSN and the GGSN adopt between gn interface, SGSN and the HLR adopt between Gr interface, GGSN and the HLR Gc interface, GGSN can by connect the internet behind the Gi interface, by connecing the PLMN network behind the gp interface.ICBM SHF satellite terminal can obtain radio channel resource by the access main website, set up wireless connections, ICBM SHF satellite terminal is by in the access 3G core net, carry out authentication, encryption, authentication, the 3G core net is ICBM SHF satellite terminal distribution service channel, set up service connection, and conversation procedure is controlled, QoS and billing function are provided.
Resource allocation methods of the present invention relates to two parts:
(1) main website forward link part
Main website forward link resources distribution method flow process is illustrated in fig. 2 shown below:
After main website and ICBM SHF satellite terminal are successfully set up wireless connections, ICBM SHF satellite terminal enters attaching process, ICBM SHF satellite terminal enters SYNC (synchronously) state, trigger main website this moment and distribute a less resource (magnitude is a few K bit/s) for the ICBM SHF satellite terminal that each enters attaching process, this less resource is used for distributing to the attaching process transmission and adheres to the required time interval resource of signaling, this less resource size equals the maximum of all signaling sizes in the whole attaching process or is obtained by the main website Dynamic Resource Allocation for Multimedia, and happens suddenly the planned time transmitting signaling downwards to each ICBM SHF satellite terminal by terminal.
Main website adheres to a kind of to system's three kinds of carryings formation of protocol mapping with what forward direction sent, the formation Shen that Packet Service connects signaling is kept in i.e. carrying, keep in the formation of wireless connections signaling keeping protocol mapping to the carrying of wireless connections, when main website sends signaling, the dispatching priority that adheres to signaling is lower than the dispatching priority of keeping the wireless connections signaling, in each transmission cycle, the signaling of keeping wireless connections preferentially obtains time interval resource.After attaching process finishes, ICBM SHF satellite terminal enters attachment state, trigger main website and will distribute to the less resource repealing that adheres to signaling this moment, main website is that ICBM SHF satellite terminal is kept a CRA resource distribution, this CRA resource purpose is for making system keep a kind of connection status, and resist burst flow, and ICBM SHF satellite terminal enters professional application process, and main website is that the professional application of ICBM SHF satellite terminal signaling Resources allocation adopts the Dynamic Resource Allocation for Multimedia mode.
After ICBM SHF satellite terminal connects to SGSN application Packet Service, SGSN sends RAB (RAB to main website, Radio Access Bearer) distribute demand signalling as the service resources request, main website sets up RAB according to the signaling that receives, finish the RAB configuration, extract relevant QoS configuration information in the signaling, QoS configuration information is wherein generated according to the application traffic signaling by GGSN, comprises type of service, speed etc.Main website calculates the required Radio Resource capacity of this Packet Service according to the QoS information parameter that extracts, main website carries out access control according to calculating Packet Service resource requirement situation, whether the present Internet resources situation of main station judging can satisfy this service access, if resource is enough, then access access, such as deficiency, then notify described SGSN to enter the QoS negotiations process and again send the service resources request according to described professional application.
The QoS negotiations process is, if inadequate resource, main website distributes the response signaling to tell this assignment of SGSN RAB failure by sending RAB, and with in this response signaling of failure cause parameter read-in, after SGSN receives failed message, to reduce the professional qos requirement of application according to failure cause, initiate new RAB assignment process according to new qos requirement.
After the above-mentioned access control of process, main website separates the data that receive by type, this assorting process can realize by IP filter, by IP filter at first with signaling and service detach, signaling is carried by the signaling formation, professional by the service queue carrying, IP filter maps to the Packet Service of different QoS characteristic in the different carrying formations.IP filter is the IP five-tuple to the filtration parameter of grouping busihess data: purpose IP address, source, source destination slogan and protocol type.The corresponding relation of IP five-tuple and QoS of survice characteristic is present in core net in the QoS information of main website transmission.Described signaling formation comprise for the wireless connections signaling formation of wireless connections signaling between carrying main website and the ICBM SHF satellite terminal be connected carrying ICBM SHF satellite terminal, main website and be connected Packet Service with the 3G core net and connect the Packet Service connection signaling formation of signaling, described service queue comprises the Packet Service formation, the Packet Service formation is not unique in main website, different Packet Service formations has different QoS characteristics, its probability of accepting scheduling is different, in order to keep the qos requirement of Packet Service, its dispatching priority is lower than the priority of signaling formation.
In the each time transmission cycle of main website, the signaling of keeping wireless connections between main website and the ICBM SHF satellite terminal is adopted the strategy of periodic scheduling, and has a highest dispatching priority, for the signaling of keeping main website, ICBM SHF satellite terminal and being connected with Packet Service between the core net, will in each dispatching cycle, dispatch according to priority order with Packet Service.
For signaling and the Packet Service scheduling between the two of keeping the Packet Service connection, dispatch according to priority order, wherein the priority of Packet Service connection signaling will be higher than the priority of all Packet Services, in each dispatching cycle, scheduling will be preferentially obtained, the real-time dispatching algorithm will be adopted for all Packet Services
For the signaling in the formation and Packet Service Resources allocation the time, main website will periodically distribute time slot for the signaling of keeping wireless connections between main website and the ICBM SHF satellite terminal, in this cycle, time interval resource will at first satisfy the signaling of keeping wireless connections, after the signaling of all relevant wireless connections is sent, be that other signalings and Packet Service distribute time interval resource again, for connecting relevant signaling and grouping busihess data with Packet Service, in each transmission cycle of main website, to preferentially satisfy Packet Service and connect the time interval resource of relevant signaling, when Packet Service connects that relevant signaling is sent or during at present temporarily without this type of signaling, main website is that the grouping busihess data that carries distributes time interval resource, between the grouping busihess data according to scheduling result, and within the transmission cycle in the enough situation of time interval resource, for Packet Service distributes time interval resource, the data that obtain resource form forward data flow, are sent by main website.
ICBM SHF satellite terminal return link part
ICBM SHF satellite terminal return link resource allocation methods flow process is illustrated in fig. 3 shown below:
ICBM SHF satellite terminal enters SYNC (simultaneously) state, be between main website and the ICBM SHF satellite terminal after the wireless link, ICBM SHF satellite terminal receives the terminal burst planned time signaling that main website sends, comprise main website in the signaling and adhere to the time interval resource of signaling for the transmission that is used for that each enters the ICBM SHF satellite terminal distribution of attaching process, this resource is a static resource than small time slot (magnitude is a few K bit/s), keep the resource of wireless connections signaling and distribute the planning acquisition by main website, and from terminal burst planned time signaling, obtain.After ICBM SHF satellite terminal is finished attaching process, ICBM SHF satellite terminal enters the service connection process, ICBM SHF satellite terminal will be by the resource request signaling to the main website request resource, the resource of asking to obtain is by main website transmitting terminal burst planned time signaling, be used for distributing to the signaling of setting up service connection, keep the resource of wireless connections signaling and planned by main website, and equally by terminal burst planned time transmitting signaling downwards.
After Packet Service connects foundation, ICBM SHF satellite terminal is sent into the data that receive the IP filter of ICBM SHF satellite terminal, by IP filter at first with signaling and service detach, signaling is carried by the signaling formation, then by the service queue carrying, IP filter maps to the Packet Service of different QoS characteristic in the different carrying formations business, the carrying formation of total three types, be the formation of wireless connections signaling, Packet Service formation and the connection signaling formation of being connected, send the resource request signaling to main website simultaneously.
ICBM SHF satellite terminal is by sending the resource request signaling of carrying resource requirement parameters to main website, the request main website is that ICBM SHF satellite terminal is distributed time interval resource, resource request signaling request time interval resource comprises keeps signalling time slot resource and the Packet Service time interval resource that Packet Service connects, the sendout of both time interval resources will be decided on main website current time slots resource allocation conditions, if this sub-distribution can't be satisfied the necessary signalling time slot resource of keeping wireless connections of ICBM SHF satellite terminal, then this time request enters queuing in main website, redistributes behind the waiting system setting-up time.If resource satisfies, main website writes the allocation result of resource request signal resource request in the terminal burst planned time signaling, and sends it to ICBM SHF satellite terminal, and ICBM SHF satellite terminal is extracted the resource parameters that obtains after receiving terminal burst planned time signaling.For ICBM SHF satellite terminal signaling resource requirement, send required time slot by main website planning ICBM SHF satellite terminal signaling, and program results is write in the terminal burst planned time signaling,
ICBM SHF satellite terminal adopts following method to the scheduling strategy of three kinds of formations: the formation of wireless connections signaling is kept in carrying, it is inserted in the signaling moiety of passback burst packets at the each time delivery time of ICBM SHF satellite terminal; Keep Packet Service for carrying and connect the formation of signaling and the formation of Packet Service, adopt the according to priority strategy of scheduling, and it is inserted in the service part of passback burst packets, wherein keep the priority that priority that Packet Service connects signaling is higher than Packet Service; For the scheduling of Packet Service, the Packet Service employing real-time dispatching algorithm of different QoS characteristic is dispatched.
The real-time dispatching algorithm is to consider in the situation of qos parameter, quene state parameter, obtain the algorithm of queue scheduling priority, the parameter that wherein needs to consider comprises: the professional maximum bit rate of supporting, the professional average data rate that obtains within dispatching cycle, the stand-by period of traffic packets formation row head, propagation delay time and the packet loss boundary of traffic packets, before each dispatching cycle, need comprehensive relatively above-mentioned parameter, in order to obtain packet service scheduling priority, to reach good dispatching effect and transport service performance.
ICBM SHF satellite terminal passback burst packets is comprised of two parts, wherein forward part is used for command transmitting, the rear portion is divided into the passback business burst bag for transport service, in resource is distributed, keep the wireless connections signaling and obtain time interval resource according to main website planning, and it is write the part that is used for command transmitting in the ICBM SHF satellite terminal passback burst packets by planning, distribute to for the transmission of keeping Packet Service connection signaling and Packet Service by the resource that the application of resource request signaling obtains, time interval resource will preferentially satisfy keeps the signaling that Packet Service connects, and signaling is write the signaling moiety of ICBM SHF satellite terminal passback burst packets, after satisfying signaling, the remaining time slots resource is distributed to Packet Service, and it is write in the ICBM SHF satellite terminal passback business burst bag.
In the service connection process, main website is that ICBM SHF satellite terminal distributes the time interval resource method to adopt the mode of Dynamic Resource Allocation for Multimedia, comprising methods of salary distribution such as CRA (fixed rate distribution), RBDA (based on the dynamic capacity of speed), VBDC (based on the dynamic capacity of the traffic), FCA (free capacity distribution), main website adopts one or more methods in the aforesaid way to carry out the resource distribution according to the resource request mode of ICBM SHF satellite terminal.
The satellite communication system that the present invention can be access 3G core net provides efficient and rational resource allocation methods, the resource allocation mechanism that makes satellite communication merges mutually with the conversation management control function of core net, the business of satellite communication system carrying ensures parameter according to different QoS, obtain the resource guarantee of different stage, but the transmission of the higher business of effective guarantee real-time and system signaling improves performance and the customer service of satellite communication system and experiences.
The unspecified part of the present invention belongs to general knowledge as well known to those skilled in the art.
Claims (9)
1. the resource allocation methods of a satellite communication system, described satellite communication system comprises satellite coupling part and 3G core net, described satellite coupling part comprises for the ICBM SHF satellite terminal that connects local area network (LAN), is used for managing the main website of ICBM SHF satellite terminal, and the satellite that is used for realizing ICBM SHF satellite terminal and master station communication, described 3G core net comprises SGSN, described SGSN links to each other with described main website, it is characterized in that:
(1) described SGSN sends the service resources request to main website, and changes step (2) over to according to the business application of the ICBM SHF satellite terminal that is attached;
(2) described main website according to service resources request determine that the business of the ICBM SHF satellite terminal that is attached applies for described service resources; If described main website can satisfy this described service resources, then change step (3) over to, otherwise notify described SGSN again to send the service resources request according to described professional application;
(3) described main website receives the data that described SGSN sends according to described service resources; And described data are separated obtain the formation of wireless connections signaling, the Packet Service formation is connected the signaling formation with Packet Service;
(4) described main website is better than Packet Service connection signaling according to the wireless connections signaling and is better than the order of Packet Service to the formation of described ICBM SHF satellite terminal transmission wireless connections signaling, Packet Service formation or the formation of Packet Service connection signaling.
2. the resource allocation methods of a kind of satellite communication system as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: described service resources request distributes demand signalling to send to described main website by described SGSN by RAB.
3. the resource allocation methods of a kind of satellite communication system as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: described main website determines described service resources according to type of service, service rate and the professional QoS information of service resources request.
4. the resource allocation methods of a kind of satellite communication system as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: the ICBM SHF satellite terminal that is attached was finished before the adhering to of described 3G core net, and described main website makes an addition to described 3G core net described Packet Service and connects in the signaling formation to the signaling of adhering to that described ICBM SHF satellite terminal sends.
5. the resource allocation methods of a kind of satellite communication system as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: described main website keeps one for each ICBM SHF satellite terminal that is attached and is used for keeping connecting, and resists the static resource of burst flow.
6. main website is characterized in that to the resource allocation methods of ICBM SHF satellite terminal in the satellite communication system:
ICBM SHF satellite terminal will with main website between be used for keeping the signaling of wireless connections, the grouped data that receives and with described 3G between be used for keeping the signaling that grouping is connected and add respectively the formation of wireless connections signaling, Packet Service formation and be connected to connect the signaling formation, the while is to main website transmission resource request signaling;
Described main website determines time interval resource according to the resource request signaling of described ICBM SHF satellite terminal;
Described ICBM SHF satellite terminal sends the formation of wireless connections signaling, Packet Service formation and is connected to connect the signaling formation to described main website according to the time interval resource that described main website determines.
7. the middle main website of a kind of satellite communication system as claimed in claim 6 is to the resource allocation methods of ICBM SHF satellite terminal, described main website it is characterized in that: if can't determine time interval resource when receiving the resource request signaling of ICBM SHF satellite terminal, then behind the waiting system setting-up time, again determine time interval resource according to described resource request signaling.
8. such as the middle main website of claim 6 or the 7 described a kind of satellite communication systems resource allocation methods to ICBM SHF satellite terminal, it is characterized in that: described time interval resource by described main website by burst planned time signalling to described ICBM SHF satellite terminal.
9. the middle main website of a kind of satellite communication system as claimed in claim 6 is to the resource allocation methods of ICBM SHF satellite terminal, it is characterized in that: described ICBM SHF satellite terminal utilization passback business burst bag sends the formation of wireless connections signaling, Packet Service formation and the connection signaling formation of being connected to described main website, and the formation of wherein wireless connections signaling is filled in the signaling moiety of described passback business burst bag; Described Packet Service formation be connected grouping and connect the data division that order that the signaling formation is better than Packet Service according to the signaling of keeping wireless connections is filled in described passback business burst bag.
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| CN110475288B (en) * | 2019-08-08 | 2023-02-03 | 四川安迪科技实业有限公司 | Method, device and system for transmitting signaling message of satellite network preferentially |
| CN111491382A (en) * | 2020-04-09 | 2020-08-04 | 清华大学 | Satellite capacity allocation method and device and electronic equipment |
| CN111600643A (en) * | 2020-04-09 | 2020-08-28 | 中国电子科技集团公司电子科学研究院 | Satellite communication resource scheduling method and device storage medium |
| CN111491382B (en) * | 2020-04-09 | 2021-04-27 | 清华大学 | Satellite capacity allocation method and device and electronic equipment |
| CN111475301B (en) * | 2020-04-09 | 2021-06-11 | 清华大学 | Satellite resource allocation method and device and electronic equipment |
| CN111475301A (en) * | 2020-04-09 | 2020-07-31 | 清华大学 | Satellite resource allocation method and device and electronic equipment |
| CN113747479A (en) * | 2020-05-27 | 2021-12-03 | 荣耀终端有限公司 | Method, equipment and system for acquiring network resources |
| CN113747479B (en) * | 2020-05-27 | 2022-12-02 | 荣耀终端有限公司 | Method, equipment and system for acquiring network resources |
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