CN102881886B - Method for preparing high-tap-density spherical lithium-rich manganese-based anode material - Google Patents

Method for preparing high-tap-density spherical lithium-rich manganese-based anode material Download PDF

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CN102881886B
CN102881886B CN201210356523.0A CN201210356523A CN102881886B CN 102881886 B CN102881886 B CN 102881886B CN 201210356523 A CN201210356523 A CN 201210356523A CN 102881886 B CN102881886 B CN 102881886B
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lithium
carbonate
manganese
anode material
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CN102881886A (en
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刘红光
郅晓科
叶学海
赵桢
王旭阳
章甦
时洁
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China National Offshore Oil Corp CNOOC
CNOOC Tianjin Chemical Research and Design Institute Co Ltd
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CNOOC Tianjin Chemical Research and Design Institute Co Ltd
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Abstract

The invention relates to a method for preparing a high-tap-density spherical lithium-rich manganese-based anode material. The method is characterized by including the following steps: (1) calculating and weighing soluble nickel salt, cobalt salt, manganese salt and a crystal growth control agent based on an elemental ratio according to a predetermined product formula xLi [Li1/3Mn2/3] O2*(1-x) LiMO2 to prepare solution A with nickel-cobalt-manganese mixed concentration of 0.5-5mol/L and crystal growth control agent concentration of 0.05-0.5mol/L, wherein M is Ni, Co or Mn and x is smaller than 1 and larger than 0; (2) preparing solution B with sodium carbonate concentration of 0.5-2.5mol/L and complexing agent concentration of 0.05-2.5 mol/L by using deionized water; (3) reacting the solution A and the solution B in a parallel flow manner at low temperature, and aging obtained deposit; (4) filtering, washing by deionized water and oven-drying the deposit to obtain a dry high-tap-density spherical carbonate precursor; and (5) preparing a material according to the ratio of the precursor and the lithium carbonate of 1 and 0.58- 0.64, uniformly mixing the material, and then sintering the material in an oxidizing atmosphere.

Description

The synthetic method of the spherical lithium-rich manganese-based anode material of a kind of high-tap density
Technical field
The invention belongs to chemical power source anode material for lithium-ion batteries technical field, is the synthetic method of the spherical lithium-rich manganese-based anode material of a kind of high-tap density, particularly relates to lithium-rich manganese-based anode material xLi [Li 1/3mn 2/3] O 2(1-x) LiMO 2the preparation method of (M=Ni, Co, Mn).
Background technology
Lithium-rich manganese-based anode material is in fact a class lamellar compound Li [Li 1/3mn 2/3] O 2(i.e. Li 2mnO 3) and LiMO 2the solid solution cathode material that (M=Ni, Co, Mn) forms, its chemical general formula can be written as xLi [Li 1/3mn 2/3] O 2(1-x) LiMO 2.Research shows, lithium-rich manganese-based anode material can realize the specific capacity more than 250mAh/g, meets the demand of lithium ion battery with high energy density completely, is considered to one of preferred positive electrode of high-energy lithium lithium ion battery, obtain great attention both domestic and external thus, become the focus of people's research.
In order to improve the volume energy density of lithium-rich manganese-based anode material further, current development trend is the material that synthesis has spherical morphology.Sphere material not only tap density is high, but also has excellent mobility, dispersiveness and processability, has become the important development direction of anode material for lithium-ion batteries.But there is following shortcoming in existing spherical anode material and synthetic method thereof:
1) the spherical anode material synthetic technology of industrialization is generally first prepare spherical precursor, then obtains material requested with the mixing after-baking of lithium source.In order to obtain spherical morphology in precursor synthesis process, the general interpolation complexing agent that adopts is suppressed to nuclear reaction.But prior art generally adopts ammoniacal liquor etc. as single complexing agent, crystal growth is based on one dimension or two-dimensional growth, and between primary particle, arch formation is obvious, causes material tap density low;
2) existing precursor synthesis technology is in order to obtain spherical morphology, improves materials synthesis temperature, and cause crystal ramp and not fine and close, material tap density is on the low side; In addition, too high reaction temperature also easily causes material primary particle particle diameter too to grow up, and lithium ion the evolving path becomes large, is unfavorable for the performance of material electrochemical performance;
5) easily there is the phenomenon of Particle Breakage in spherical anode material pole piece in rolling, the particularly material particle size (generally at about 10 μm) bigger than normal of prior art synthesis, structure is not fine and close, easier second particle fragmentation occurs in compaction technology, and more serious affects chemical property.
For above problem, the present invention adopts the carbonate co-precipitation of reaction condition gentleness to prepare lithium-rich manganese-based anode material, by controlling synthesis temperature, adding compound complex agent and add a series of technological means such as surfactant, realize the regulation and control to material crystals growth, and then the sphere material that synthesis granularity is moderate, growth is fine and close, substantially increase tap density and the chemical property of material.
Summary of the invention
The present invention, for solving problems of the prior art, provides the novel carbonate coprecipitation technology of preparing of a kind of lithium-rich manganese-based anode material, thus promotes that its further genralrlization is applied.
The present invention is a kind of preparation method of high-density spherical lithium-rich manganese-based anode material, it is characterized in that:
Comprise the following steps:
1) according to predetermined product molecular formula
xLi[Li 1/3Mn 2/3]O 2·(1-x)LiMO 2
Wherein M=Ni, Co, Mn; 0<x< 1;
Calculate with each transition metal ratio and take the nickel salt of solubility, cobalt salt, manganese salt and a certain amount of crystal growth controlling agent, above-mentioned raw materials being mixed with nickel cobalt manganese melting concn is 0.5-5mol/L, crystal growth controlling agent concentration is the solution A of 0.05-0.5mol/L;
2) with deionized water sodium carbonate and complexing agent is mixed with that concentration of sodium carbonate is 0.5-2.5mol/L, complexing agent concentration is the solution B of 0.05-2.5mol/L;
3) under certain cryogenic conditions, by solution A and solution B and stream adds reaction vessel, control value pH value 7.0-8.0, reaction 2-24h, gained precipitates ageing 2-12h under the same conditions;
4) above-mentioned sediment is filtered, and after washing 1-6 time with the deionized water of total overall reaction liquid 1-5 times of volume, filter cake dries 2-14h at 80-130 DEG C, obtains dry high-tap density spherical carbonate presoma;
5) by presoma and lithium carbonate in presoma: lithium carbonate=1:0.58 ~ 0.64 ratio is prepared burden, and mixes, then under oxidizing atmosphere 650-1000 DEG C of sintering 6-24h, the obtained spherical lithium-rich manganese-based anode material of high-tap density.
According to the method described in the present invention, it is characterized in that: described crystal growth controlling agent is surfactant; For one or more in tween, polyethylene glycol, dodecyl sodium sulfate;
Described complexing agent is compound complex agent, comprises two or more in natrium citricum, sodium tartrate, sodium pyrophosphate, sulfosalicylic acid sodium salt, sodium phosphate trimer;
Described cryogenic conditions refers to that temperature of reaction system is 1-10 DEG C.
The advantage that the present invention has and good effect are:
1. the present invention by adding surfactant in reaction solution, reduces surface energy during crystal growth, make crystal homoepitaxial in each growth orientation, realize the synthesis of spherical precursor.Adopt compound complex agent simultaneously, multiple coordination balance is formed in reaction system, regulation and control crystal growth changes three dimensional growth into by a peacekeeping two-dimensional growth, realize the densification of spherical precursor, and in conjunction with low temperature synthesis condition, control crystal slowly fine and close growth, improve the tap density of presoma further.The lithium-rich manganese base material spherical morphology rule of synthesizing on this basis, even particle size distribution, tap density is high, excellent electrochemical performance;
2. the spherical lithium-rich manganese-based anode material compact crystallization synthesized by, particle diameter is about 1-3 μm, and tap density is about 2.4g/cm 3, be obviously better than material prepared by traditional co-precipitation method.During coating, compacted density can accomplish 3.6g/cm 3above, and Particle Breakage rate is low, and coating quality is high, significantly can improve the energy density of battery system;
3. synthesis condition of the present invention is gentle, technique is simple, is easy to commercial application.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the SEM picture of carbonate precursor prepared by example 1;
Fig. 2 is lithium-rich manganese-based anode material 0.6Li [Li prepared by example 1 1/3mn 2/3] O 20.4LiNi 1/3co 1/3mn 1/3o 2sEM picture
Embodiment
Be described in detail the present invention below by specific embodiment, following embodiment is only for illustration of the present invention, but the practical range be not intended to limit the present invention.
Embodiment 1:
Lithium-rich manganese-based anode material prepared by this example is 0.6Li [Li 1/3mn 2/3] O 20.4LiNi 1/3co 1/3mn 1/3o 2.First calculate according to predetermined product each metal component ratio and take nickelous sulfate, cobaltous sulfate, manganese sulfate and a certain amount of polyethylene glycol, above-mentioned raw materials being mixed with nickel cobalt manganese melting concn is 0.5mol/L, Polyethylene glycol is the solution A of 0.05mol/L; With deionized water sodium carbonate and sodium tartrate and sulfosalicylic acid sodium salt be mixed with that concentration of sodium carbonate is 1mol/L, complexing agent concentration is the solution B of 0.05mol/L, wherein sodium tartrate: sulfosalicylic acid sodium salt=2:1; Controlling temperature of reaction system is 1 DEG C, and by solution A and solution B and stream adds reaction vessel, control value pH value is 7.0, reaction 2h, and gained precipitates ageing 6h under the same conditions; Above-mentioned sediment is filtered, and with after the deionized water lotion 4 times of total overall reaction liquid 2 times of volumes, filter cake dries 24h at 80 DEG C, obtains dry high-tap density spherical carbonate presoma (Fig. 1); By presoma and lithium carbonate in presoma: lithium carbonate=1:0.58 ratio is prepared burden, and mixes, then under oxidizing atmosphere 650 DEG C of sintering 24h, the obtained spherical lithium-rich manganese-based anode material of high-tap density (Fig. 2).Resulting materials 0.2C discharge capacity is 261mAh/g, tap density 2.3g/cm 3, particle diameter about 3 μm, pole piece compaction density 3.6g/cm 3.
Embodiment 2:
Lithium-rich manganese-based anode material prepared by this example is 0.6Li [Li 1/3mn 2/3] O 20.4LiNi 1/3co 1/3mn 1/3o 2.First calculate according to predetermined product each metal component ratio and take nickel nitrate, cobalt nitrate, manganese nitrate and a certain amount of dodecyl sodium sulfate, above-mentioned raw materials being mixed with nickel cobalt manganese melting concn is 3mol/L, dodecyl sodium sulfate concentration is the solution A of 0.2mol/L; With deionized water sodium carbonate and sodium tartrate and natrium citricum be mixed with that concentration of sodium carbonate is 1.5mol/L, complexing agent concentration is the solution B of 0.2mol/L, wherein sodium tartrate: natrium citricum=2:1; Controlling temperature of reaction system is 5 DEG C, and by solution A and solution B and stream adds reaction vessel, control value pH value is 7.4, reaction 12h, and gained precipitates ageing 12h under the same conditions; Above-mentioned sediment is filtered, and with after the deionized water lotion 2 times of total overall reaction liquid 1.5 times of volumes, filter cake dries 8h at 100 DEG C, obtains dry high-tap density spherical carbonate presoma; By presoma and lithium carbonate in presoma: lithium carbonate=1:0.61 ratio is prepared burden, and mixes, then under oxidizing atmosphere 750 DEG C of sintering 8h, the obtained spherical lithium-rich manganese-based anode material of high-tap density.Resulting materials 0.2C discharge capacity is 266mAh/g, tap density 2.3g/cm 3, particle diameter about 2 μm, pole piece compaction density 3.7g/cm 3.
Embodiment 3:
Lithium-rich manganese-based anode material prepared by this example is 0.6Li [Li 1/3mn 2/3] O 20.4LiNi 1/3co 1/3mn 1/3o 2.First calculate according to predetermined product each metal component ratio and take nickel nitrate, cobalt nitrate, manganese nitrate and a certain amount of dodecyl sodium sulfate, above-mentioned raw materials being mixed with nickel cobalt manganese melting concn is 5mol/L, dodecyl sodium sulfate concentration is the solution A of 0.5mol/L; With deionized water sodium carbonate and sodium tartrate and natrium citricum be mixed with that concentration of sodium carbonate is 2.5mol/L, complexing agent concentration is the solution B of 2.5mol/L, wherein sodium tartrate: natrium citricum=2:1; Controlling temperature of reaction system is 10 DEG C, and by solution A and solution B and stream adds reaction vessel, control value pH value is 8.0, reaction 24h, and gained precipitates ageing 12h under the same conditions; Above-mentioned sediment is filtered, and with after the deionized water lotion 6 times of total overall reaction liquid 5 times of volumes, filter cake dries 2h at 130 DEG C, obtains dry high-tap density spherical carbonate presoma; By presoma and lithium carbonate in presoma: lithium carbonate=1:0.64 ratio is prepared burden, and mixes, then under oxidizing atmosphere 1000 DEG C of sintering 24h, the obtained spherical lithium-rich manganese-based anode material of high-tap density.Resulting materials 0.2C discharge capacity is 268mAh/g, tap density 2.2g/cm 3, particle diameter about 3 μm, pole piece compaction density 3.6g/cm 3.
Comparative example:
The lithium-rich manganese-based anode material that this comparative example adopts traditional hydroxide coprecipitation step to prepare is 0.6Li [Li 1/3mn 2/3] O 20.4LiNi 1/3co 1/3mn 1/3o 2.First calculate according to each metal component ratio of predetermined product and take nickelous sulfate, cobaltous sulfate, manganese sulfate, above-mentioned raw materials being mixed with nickel cobalt manganese melting concn is the solution A of 3mol/L; With deionized water, NaOH is become the solution B of 5mol/L; With deionized water, ammoniacal liquor is mixed with the solution C of 0.5mol/L; Controlling temperature of reaction system is 55 DEG C, and solution A, B and C stream are added the closed reaction vessel of nitrogen protection, control value pH value is 11, reaction 12h, and gained precipitates ageing 4h under the same conditions; Above-mentioned sediment is filtered, and with after the deionized water lotion 6 times of total overall reaction liquid 2 times of volumes, filter cake dries 6h under 110 DEG C of vacuum atmospheres, obtains dry spherical hydroxide precursor; By presoma and lithium carbonate in presoma: lithium carbonate=1:0.60 ratio is prepared burden, and mixes, then under oxidizing atmosphere 900 DEG C of sintering 12h, obtained spherical lithium-rich manganese-based anode material.Resulting materials 0.2C discharge capacity is 251mAh/g, tap density 2.0g/cm 3, particle diameter about 10 μm, pole piece compaction density 3.2g/cm 3.

Claims (1)

1. a preparation method for high-density spherical lithium-rich manganese-based anode material, is characterized in that:
Comprise the following steps:
1) according to predetermined product molecular formula
xLi[Li 1/3Mn 2/3]O 2·(1-x)LiMO 2
Wherein M=Ni, Co, Mn; 0<x<1;
Calculate with each transition metal ratio and take the nickel salt of solubility, cobalt salt, manganese salt and a certain amount of crystal growth controlling agent, above-mentioned raw materials being mixed with nickel cobalt manganese melting concn is 0.5-5mol/L, crystal growth controlling agent concentration is the solution A of 0.05-0.5mol/L; Described crystal growth controlling agent is one or more in tween, polyethylene glycol, dodecyl sodium sulfate;
2) with deionized water sodium carbonate and complexing agent is mixed with that concentration of sodium carbonate is 0.5-2.5mol/L, complexing agent concentration is the solution B of 0.05-2.5mol/L; Described complexing agent is compound complex agent, comprises two or more in natrium citricum, sodium tartrate, sodium pyrophosphate, sulfosalicylic acid sodium salt, sodium phosphate trimer;
3) under the cryogenic conditions of 1-10 DEG C, by solution A and solution B and stream adds reaction vessel, control ph 7.0-8.0, reaction 2-24h, gained sediment is ageing 2-12h under the same conditions;
4) above-mentioned sediment is filtered, and with after deionized water lotion 1-6 time of total overall reaction liquid 1-5 times of volume, filter cake dries 2-14h at 80-130 DEG C, obtains dry high-tap density spherical carbonate presoma;
5) by presoma and lithium carbonate in presoma: lithium carbonate=1:0.58 ~ 0.64 ratio is prepared burden, and mixes, then under oxidizing atmosphere 650-1000 DEG C of sintering 6-24h, the obtained spherical lithium-rich manganese-based anode material of high-tap density.
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