CN102879833A - Controllable archaeological site model reconstruction testing field for experiment and exploration - Google Patents
Controllable archaeological site model reconstruction testing field for experiment and exploration Download PDFInfo
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- CN102879833A CN102879833A CN2012103625231A CN201210362523A CN102879833A CN 102879833 A CN102879833 A CN 102879833A CN 2012103625231 A CN2012103625231 A CN 2012103625231A CN 201210362523 A CN201210362523 A CN 201210362523A CN 102879833 A CN102879833 A CN 102879833A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a controllable archaeological site model reconstruction testing field for experiment and exploration. An open field with a flat earth surface and the length and width of 100+/-1m is selected as the testing field and divided into tombs, residences, workshops, burials, ash pits and sundries according to types of the excavated cultural remains, a plurality of representative sites are selected in each type, models are reconstructed in a ratio of 1:1 and constructed and filled in strict accordance with the shapes and depths of the sites and diggings during actual excavation, and earth is moved to underground site models and semi-underground site models for burying. The testing field has the advantages that a new archaeological method for accurately and nondestructively acquiring underground cultural remain information is provided by referring to the idea of experimental archaeology, combining modern scientific and technological achievements, using a geophysical exploration method and performing burial and detection experiments on the remains under the guidance of archaeological theory, method and practice and development trend.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to BUILDINGS MODELS, especially relate to a kind of controlled archaeological site for experiment and detection and rebuild the model test field.
Background technology
At present in China, Archaeological Exploration used or conventional tool " Luoyang Spade ", it has not only brought into play important effect in archaeological work in the past, still also continue to use continuing from now on.But use " Luoyang Spade " exploration also to exist simultaneously many defectives: the speed of detecting is slow, and investigation depth is more shallow, and is time-consuming expensive, as accidentally also descending over the ground historical relic to cause certain destruction.Therefore as far back as the fifties in last century, just bring into use geophysical method (abbreviation physical prospecting) to reconnoitre when surveying large, the abundant in content remnants of the such depth of burial in emperor mound.In the eighties in last century, prospecting Qin Shihuang Tomb, the Qin all also all used geophysical prospecting method during the remnants such as Yong Cheng, Zhou Yuan, but were subjected to fund and the at that time restriction of equipment, method, technical merit etc. all not to obtain gratifying achievement.
Geophysical prospecting technology refers to utilize the method for physical ultimate principle and the underground heterogeneous body of parameter detection.Heterogeneous body is at the different object in aspect one of density, magnetic, electric conductivity, wave propagation characteristic, radioactivity and the thermal conductivity etc. or several aspect from every side soil layer or rock stratum.Physical prospecting is a kind of Dynamic Non-Destruction Measurement, and it can in the place of wide thing, pass soil layer or rock stratum and detect direct physical message from object.It has been a kind of proven technique at present, has been widely used in to seek subterranean resource (oil gas, coal, uranium equal energy source; The mineral metal products such as iron, copper, lead, zinc; Underground water etc.) and Ground Base Exploration, environmental surveys, made significant contribution for the development of the national economy and national defense construction.
Underground cultural relic can destroy the structure of prime stratum owing to hand digging, building, burying, and has generally speaking the difference of some physical property aspects with on every side natural soil layer or rock stratum, becomes underground local heterogeneous body.For example, the coffin chamber that does not cave in is similar to a underground cavity, and the density ratio in cavity is native, stone is little, and the electric conductivity ratio is native, stone is poor etc.Therefore, geophysical prospecting method is used for archaeological work its sufficient scientific basis.
Geophysical prospecting method is used for the archaeology detection and is not only effectively, also have investigation depth large, efficient is relatively high, the characteristics that cost is relatively low, Integrated Geophysical Investigation and other archeological method, geophysical exploration expert and archeologist's close fit can be brought into play many-sided effect, obtains optimum efficiency, so at home and abroad, increasing use geophysical method has been a kind of trend in the archaeological work.
Because the Geophysical Exploration Method actual measurement is data and curve (containing image), infer underground historical relic according to data and curve, so there be uncertain (multi-solution), and the quality of Geophysical Exploration Method effect, also can be subject to the interference of many factors, such as the size of object and the size, the object that enclose soil (country rock) physical difference and depth of burial, the power disturbed of electromagnetism and metal etc. on every side.So geophysical prospecting method will obtain good archaeology effect, must adopt advanced equipments, carrying out Fine design, meticulous detection, Fine structural interpretation and quantitative inversion could be qualitative correct, accurately quantitative.Just because of the active demand in Archaeological Exploration field, just highlighted to build and had that burial types is known, the scale of construction is clear and definite, the importance of rebuilding model and the urgency of clear-cut cultural relic.But China there is no cultural relic and surveys the construction of rebuilding the controlled archaeology test of model place so far.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of controlled archaeological site for experiment and detection to rebuild the model test field, this testing field model provide a standard verification platform in the application of archaeology field of detecting can for geophysical prospecting technology.
For achieving the above object, the present invention can take following technical proposals:
The model test field is rebuilded in controlled archaeological site for experiment and detection of the present invention, choose grading, each open area of 100 ± 1 meters of length and width is as the test site, the cultural relic type of having excavated is divided into the grave class, occupy the location class, the workshop class, bury class, ashcan class and miscellaneous class, in each type, select several representative ruins and in the testing field, carry out rebuilding of model according to the ratio of 1 ︰ 1, ruins shape in the time of will digging in strict accordance with reality when rebuilding, the degree of depth, diggings are built, fill out and put, after model was built and finished, mound was buried on underground ruins model and semi-underground ruins model.
Described grave class rebuild the perpendicular cave heatable adobe sleeping platform that model comprises graveyard, refrigerant temple, Ruicheng, Shanxi, perpendicular cave, Westbound, Yin Dynasty ruins, Anyang tomb, the Taiyuan, Shanxi Zhao Qing wooden-chambered tombs, the Li Tang of Xinmi City are drawn a portrait tombs with decorated hollow bricks, the new big Feng Rurenmu in Tanghe Xin Dian village, the north pass, county, Lucheng, Shanxi Song's brick-chambered tomb.
The described model of rebuilding that occupies the location class comprises the Yangshao culture Jiangzhai Site in period, palace, two the insides plot, and adobe house, Han dynasty, the San Yang village, Neihuang County garden, well and East Box room, contain ashcan and well, the column foot of Famen Temple, statue at moon ruins.
The model of rebuilding of described workshop class comprises Gaoling, Shaanxi Yang Guanzhai pottery kiln kiln site, all former Lee families of Tableland in Fufeng County, Shaanxi Province cast copper in Western Zhou Dynasty workshop, Zhou Yuanqi family Slotted processed workshop, Tonglushan Mine copper metallurgy ruins, Daye, Gu Xing smelting iron ruins, Zhengzhou, Luoyang, henan White Horse Temple the Tang Dynasty kiln site.
The described model of rebuilding that buries class comprises Ci Shan silo ruins, Hebei, and Yang Jia village, Mei County, Shaanxi bronze ware in the Western Zhou Dynasty stores sth. in a cellar, Yin Dynasty ruins, Anyang sacrificial pit, and the Ma Jiayuan chariot pit, the Zhangqiu mound ironware of conquering east stores sth. in a cellar.
The model of rebuilding of described ashcan class comprises Pei Li Gang ruins, Xinzheng Tang family.
The model of rebuilding of described miscellaneous class comprises environment, city wall and road ruins; Environment comprises the mausoleum cunette Yang Guanzhai ruins, Gaoling, Shanxi in period, and city wall and road comprise the stockaded village, ancient city, Xinmi City, Henan in Longshan epoch.
Also building in the described testing field has the pottery test block, metallurgical test district, jade test block and experience district.
Edge build along described testing field has a plurality of holes of burying that differ in size, and consists of to bury the zone, hole.
The invention has the advantages that the archeological theory of experiment of using for reference, take archaeology theoretical (taphonomy, stratigraphy, typology), method, practice and development trend as instructing, in conjunction with modern scientific and technical result, use multiple Geophysical Exploration Method, bury a kind of new archaeology method of obtaining underground cultural relic information that the detection experiment comes accurately, can't harm by remnants repeatedly, its process can be sketched and be " pre-buried ", " reconnoitring ", " verification " three steps.
The Ancient Ruins that has excavated is rebuilded out in place in the natural geologic media that meets the demands and man-made surface environmental requirement, the cultural relic type of rebuilding is optional, controlled, can test and assess advanced person's the application of geophysical prospecting technology in archaeological reconnaissance, and can be used as the test site of showing simulation Ancient Ruins, Ancient Technology, the inner treasure trove in testing field is known, the scale of construction is determined, clear-cut standard verification platform for geophysical prospecting technology provides.
The present invention can be archaeological work person's familiar with understanding tradition archaeological reconnaissance method service is provided; Can be advanced geophysical prospecting technology and provide service in the application test research aspect the harmless archaeological reconnaissance; Can be Ancient Technology modeling effort and checking service is provided.The foundation that model is rebuilded in the archaeological site will effectively promote the process of archaeological investigation exploration engineering equipment and the level rise, and promote fusion and the development of Field Archaeology, experiment archaeology two large subject branch.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the position assumption diagram that the present invention rebuilds model.
Embodiment
As shown in Figure 1, the model test field is rebuilded in controlled archaeological site for experiment and detection of the present invention, at first choose grading, each open area of 100 ± 1 meters of length and width as the test site, under the prerequisite that keeps the earth's surface relative level, reduce the plantation of earth's surface large-scale tree in the testing field as far as possible, reduce the electromagnetic interference source on earth's surface as far as possible; According to the cultural relic type of having excavated it is divided into the grave class, occupies the location class, the workshop class, buries class, ashcan class and miscellaneous class, in each type, select several representative ruins and carry out rebuilding of model according to the ratio of 1 ︰ 1, ruins shape, the degree of depth, diggings in the time of will digging in strict accordance with reality when rebuilding are built, are filled out and put, after model was built and finished, mound was buried on underground ruins model and semi-underground ruins model.During actual the build, can roughly the testing field be divided into the grave district, occupy the location district, workshop district, disposal area, six zones in ashcan district and miscellaneous district (the trans-regional build in position of minority ruins model is arranged), attention will keep the remnants in each zone to distribute relatively independent, and have certain scope and zone, so that all kinds of grounds cultural relic is convenient to construct and build.Because cultural relic may relate to work such as excavating the earthwork in rebuilding process, and some remnants are underground remnants, so must bury, namely after having rebuilded the cultural relic model, top soil layer are returned to state of nature as far as possible.
The perpendicular cave heatable adobe sleeping platform 1 of graveyard, refrigerant temple, Ruicheng, Shanxi of having rebuilded Model Selection of grave class wherein, perpendicular cave, Westbound, Yin Dynasty ruins, Anyang tomb 2, the Taiyuan, Shanxi Zhao Qing wooden-chambered tombs 3, the Li Tang of Xinmi City are drawn a portrait tombs with decorated hollow bricks 4, the new big wife's Feng tomb 5 in Tanghe Xin Dian village, the north pass, county, Lucheng, Shanxi Song's brick-chambered tomb 6.
Wherein occupy palace, Jiangzhai Site 7, the two the inside plot 8 in Yangshao culture period of having rebuilded Model Selection of location class, adobe house 9, Han dynasty, the San Yang village, Neihuang County garden, well and East Box room 10, contain ashcan and well 11, the column foot of Famen Temple, statue 12 at moon ruins.
Gaoling, the Shaanxi Yang Guanzhai pottery kiln kiln site 13 of having rebuilded Model Selection of workshop class wherein, the all former Lee families of Tableland in Fufeng County, Shaanxi Province cast copper in Western Zhou Dynasty workshop 14, Zhou Yuanqi family Slotted processed workshop 15, Tonglushan Mine copper metallurgy ruins, Daye 16, Gu Xing smelting iron ruins, Zhengzhou 17, Luoyang, henan White Horse Temple the Tang Dynasty kiln site 18.
Wherein bury the Ci Shan silo ruins, Hebei 19 of having rebuilded Model Selection of class, Yang Jia village, Mei County, Shaanxi bronze ware in the Western Zhou Dynasty stores sth. in a cellar 20, Yin Dynasty ruins, Anyang sacrificial pit 21, and Ma Jiayuan chariot pit 22, the Zhangqiu mound ironware of conquering east stores sth. in a cellar 23.
Pei Li Gang ruins, Xinzheng Tang family 24 of having rebuilded Model Selection of ashcan class wherein.
Rebuilded Model Selection environment, city wall and the road ruins of miscellaneous class wherein; Environment comprises the mausoleum cunette Yang Guanzhai ruins, Gaoling, Shanxi 25 in period, and city wall and road comprise the stockaded village, ancient city, Xinmi City, Henan 26 in Longshan epoch.
Simultaneously, for satisfying archaeology personnel's experiment demand, also building in the testing field has pottery test block 27, metallurgical test district 28, jade test block 29 and experience district 30.
For not affecting the verification accuracy to the ruins model of inside, testing field build, building along the edge at described testing field has a plurality of holes of burying that differ in size, and consists of and buries zone, hole 31.
Have typicalness and representational 26 of the different times that the above selects, different remnants classifications rebuild model and divide take the historical age as standard, five time periods such as can be divided into after the Neolithic Age, summer merchant Western Zhou Dynasty, period in Spring and Autumn and Warring States, Qin Han and the Han dynasty, substantially cover the whole historical age.These are rebuilded model and have utilized to greatest extent existing archaeology achievement, and namely existing traces, ruins, diggings etc. are rebuilded in the process at it, can comprehensive and systematic collection related data, form experiment archaeology achievement; These treasure troves are known, the scale of construction is determined, the clear-cut model of rebuilding is surveyed and drawn significant to geophysical exploration experiment and the three-dimensional of carrying out in the testing field, it not only can be used for checking ability, applicability and the detection accuracy of archaeology Detection Techniques, also can combine closely and test archaeology in this testing field simultaneously, and the instrument, the materials and methods that namely adopt ancients to use are simulated ancients' manufacture craft.Earth's surface and underground cultural relic produce mutually mutual interference when avoiding using geophysical prospecting technology, each zone of pressing the cultural relic type design is relatively independent, not overlapping on vertical space, formation comprises underground, semi-underground and the earth's surface cultural relic makes up and the overall space layout of experiment archaeology combination.
Claims (9)
1. the model test field is rebuilded in a controlled archaeological site that is used for experiment and surveys, it is characterized in that: choose grading, each open area of 100 ± 1 meters of length and width is as the test site, the cultural relic type of having excavated is divided into the grave class, occupy the location class, the workshop class, bury class, ashcan class and miscellaneous class, in each type, select several representative ruins and in the testing field, carry out rebuilding of model according to the ratio of 1 ︰ 1, ruins shape in the time of will digging in strict accordance with reality when rebuilding, the degree of depth, diggings are built, fill out and put, after model was built and finished, mound was buried on underground ruins model and semi-underground ruins model.
2. the model test field is rebuilded in the controlled archaeological site for experiment and detection according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described grave class rebuild the perpendicular cave heatable adobe sleeping platform (1) that model comprises graveyard, refrigerant temple, Ruicheng, Shanxi, cave tomb (2) is erected in Westbound, Yin Dynasty ruins, Anyang, the Taiyuan, Shanxi Zhao Qing wooden-chambered tombs (3), the Li Tang of Xinmi City draws a portrait tombs with decorated hollow bricks (4), the new big Feng Rurenmu in Tanghe Xin Dian village (5), the north pass, county, Lucheng, Shanxi Song's brick-chambered tomb (6).
3. the model test field is rebuilded in the controlled archaeological site for experiment and detection according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the described model of rebuilding that occupies the location class comprises the Yangshao culture Jiangzhai Site in period (7), palace, two the insides plot (8), adobe house (9), Han dynasty, the San Yang village, Neihuang County garden, well and East Box room (10), moon ruins, contain ashcan and well (11), the column foot of Famen Temple, statue (12).
4. the model test field is rebuilded in the controlled archaeological site for experiment and detection according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the model of rebuilding of described workshop class comprises Gaoling, Shaanxi Yang Guanzhai pottery kiln kiln site (13), all former Lee family cast copper in the Western Zhou Dynasty workshops (14) of Tableland in Fufeng County, Shaanxi Province, Zhou Yuanqi family Slotted processed workshop (15), Tonglushan Mine copper metallurgy ruins, Daye (16), Gu Xing smelting iron ruins, Zhengzhou (17), Luoyang, henan White Horse Temple the Tang Dynasty kiln site (18).
5. the model test field is rebuilded in the controlled archaeological site for experiment and detection according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the described model of rebuilding that buries class comprises Ci Shan silo ruins, Hebei (19), Yang Jia village, Mei County, Shaanxi bronze ware in the Western Zhou Dynasty stores sth. in a cellar (20), Yin Dynasty ruins, Anyang sacrificial pits (21), Ma Jiayuan chariot pit (22), the Zhangqiu mound ironware of conquering east stores sth. in a cellar (23).
6. the model test field is rebuilded in the controlled archaeological site for experiment and detection according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the model of rebuilding of described ashcan class comprises Xinzheng Tang Pei Li Gang ruins, family (24).
7. the model test field is rebuilded in the controlled archaeological site for experiment and detection according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the model of rebuilding of described miscellaneous class comprises environment, city wall and road ruins; Environment comprises the mausoleum cunette Yang Guanzhai ruins, Gaoling, Shanxi (25) in period, and city wall and road comprise the stockaded village, ancient city, Xinmi City, Henan (26) in Longshan epoch.
8. the model test field is rebuilded in the controlled archaeological site for experiment and detection according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: building in the described testing field has pottery test block (27), metallurgical test district (28), jade test block (29) and experience district (30).
9. model is rebuilded in the archaeological site for experiment and detection according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: building along the edge at described testing field has a plurality of holes of burying that differ in size, and consists of and buries zone, hole (31).
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| CN113203845A (en) * | 2021-04-18 | 2021-08-03 | 山东灵岩建设工程有限公司 | Application process flow of high-strength fiber-free material in rock and soil site protection |
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| CN101486357A (en) * | 2009-03-04 | 2009-07-22 | 清华大学 | Mobile lab for protecting cultural relics unearthed field |
| US20110241252A1 (en) * | 2010-04-01 | 2011-10-06 | Carolina Biological Supply Company | Method and apparatus for mining simulations |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101486357A (en) * | 2009-03-04 | 2009-07-22 | 清华大学 | Mobile lab for protecting cultural relics unearthed field |
| US20110241252A1 (en) * | 2010-04-01 | 2011-10-06 | Carolina Biological Supply Company | Method and apparatus for mining simulations |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
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| 铁付德等: "可控考古试验场理念与设计研究", 《中国国家博物馆馆刊》 * |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113203845A (en) * | 2021-04-18 | 2021-08-03 | 山东灵岩建设工程有限公司 | Application process flow of high-strength fiber-free material in rock and soil site protection |
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Application publication date: 20130116 |