CN102878977B - Multifunctional astronomical theodolite - Google Patents
Multifunctional astronomical theodolite Download PDFInfo
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- CN102878977B CN102878977B CN201210379511.XA CN201210379511A CN102878977B CN 102878977 B CN102878977 B CN 102878977B CN 201210379511 A CN201210379511 A CN 201210379511A CN 102878977 B CN102878977 B CN 102878977B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a multifunctional astronomical theodolite, belongs to the technical field of astrometric instrument and solves the problems of a complicated structure and a long data processing cycle of a shaft collimation system of a low-latitude meridian circle. The multifunctional astronomical theodolite comprises a longitude and latitude base and a reflecting telescope. A left horizontal shaft and a right horizontal shaft are installed on a left yoke and a right yoke respectively, an upper disc is sleeved on an azimuth shaft of a middle disc, and an azimuth coded disc is mounted at the azimuth shaft end; a micrometer with a charge-coupled device (CCD) camera is installed at the rear end of the reflecting telescope; a number one coded disc is arranged on the left horizontal shaft, a number two coded disc is arranged on the right horizontal shaft, and the number one coded disc and the number two coded disc are annular grating angle encoders; two pairs of reading heads which are in diameter orthogonal distribution are arranged on the outer sides of the number one coded disc and the number two coded disc respectively. According to the multifunctional astronomical theodolite, shaft end jerk values are calculated through eccentricity errors of the coded discs, and accordingly, the oscillating quantity measurement efficiency of high axes is improved, and the detection structure is simple.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to astrometric instrument technical field, particularly a kind of for astrometric transit.
Background technology
In optical object's surveying instrument, meridian circle is used for measuring fixed star coordinate, sets up reference frame on celestial sphere.Meridian instrument, prismatic astrolabe, photoelectric astrolabe, photographic zenith tube and zenith instrument etc. are for measuring universal time or Ghandler motion, for scientific research and national defense construction provide earth rotation parameter (ERP).They all, taking pedal line or mercury face as benchmark, by the mensuration of position of heavenly body, obtain desired measurement result.
External meridian circle is to be exclusively used in the astronomical instrument of measuring star place, setting up Celestial Reference System, and this instrument, by Denmark astronomer Luo Moyu invention in 1689, helps to improve its theoretical precision of measuring star place by German astronomer Mei Ye and reaches 2 rads.The astronomer Si Teluwei of Russia in 1839 have set up the principle of absolute determination position of heavenly body in newly-built pul Ke Wo astronomical observatory, and through instrument manufacturing progressively being proposed to strict requirement and progressively introducing after utility appliance and technology, measuring accuracy is progressively improved, and has reached 0.4 rad to 20 middle of century.
Meridian circle is originally the refracting telescope of 15～20 centimetres of bores, 2.0～2.5 meters of focal lengths, by the pivot of lens barrel stage casing left and right horizontal axle axle head, is bearing in the V-type groove on the foundation pier of both sides, is close to lens barrel place vertical circle is housed on transverse axis.This instrument volume is larger, uses optical circle as angle measurement benchmark, and requirement on machining accuracy is very high, carries out visual observation.And former observation procedure can only be implemented in high latitude area observation.
In 20 end of the centurys, Yunnan Observatory has successfully been developed lower latitude meridian circle, adopts Observation principle and the method for original creation, has realized the absolute determination to position of heavenly body at low latitudes.Lower latitude meridian circle adopts autocollimator, uses the main benchmark of optical circle as measurement of angle, utilizes line array CCD as photoelectric measurement element, has still used pivot, adopts gear drive.
Take measurement of an angle because lower latitude meridian circle uses optical circle, the swing of its transverse axis axis has adopted axle colimated light system to measure, axle colimated light system complex structure, and data processing cycle is long.
Summary of the invention
For solving the axle colimated light system complex structure for measuring height axle axis oscillating in existing lower latitude meridian circle, the long problem of data processing cycle, the invention provides a kind of Multifunction astronomical transit, its technical scheme is as follows:
Multifunction astronomical transit, comprises longitude and latitude seat and is arranged on the reflecting telescope on longitude and latitude seat;
Described reflecting telescope is arranged on the intermediate mass between left transverse axis and the right transverse axis of longitude and latitude seat, the spindle nose of left transverse axis and right transverse axis is arranged on respectively on the left yoke and right yoke coiling, upper dish is sleeved on the azimuth axis in mid-game, orientation code-disc is installed on the axle head of azimuth axis, between upper dish and mid-game, surface bearing is installed, mid-game is arranged on the supporting base on chassis, and chassis is arranged on foundation pier;
On described left transverse axis or right transverse axis, near intermediate mass place, vertical worm gear is installed, vertical worm gear and worm mesh, worm screw is connected with servomotor through kinematic train;
The rear end of described reflecting telescope is provided with the dial gauge with CCD camera;
The spindle nose of described left transverse axis and right transverse axis is cylindrical, is arranged on respectively on the deep groove ball bearing arranging on left yoke and right yoke;
On described left transverse axis, be provided with a figure disc, be provided with two figure discs on right transverse axis, a described figure disc and two figure discs are circular grating angular encoder;
On the left yoke that is positioned at a figure disc outside, two pairs of read heads that are diameter omnidirectional distribution are set, are respectively read head A by arranged clockwise
1, B
1, C
1, D
1, wherein read head A
1be positioned at the top of vertical direction, the angle between adjacent two read heads is 90 °, read head A
1, C
1be diameter setting, read head B
1, D
1be diameter setting, read head A
1, C
1line and read head B
1, D
1line orthogonal thereto;
On the right yoke that is positioned at two figure disc outsides, two pairs of read heads that are diameter omnidirectional distribution are set, are respectively read head A by arranged clockwise
2, B
2, C
2, D
2, wherein read head A
2be positioned at the top of vertical direction, the angle between adjacent two read heads is 90 °, read head A
2, C
2be diameter setting, read head B
2, D
2be diameter setting, read head A
2, C
2line and read head B
2, D
2line orthogonal thereto.
The method that detects altitude axis axle head beat with above-mentioned Multifunction astronomical transit, comprises following sequential steps:
Step 1, installation detecting device:
One figure disc, two figure discs and corresponding read head are installed;
Step 2, while gathering pointing of the telescope each default zenith distance i, the reading of each diameter read head poor, sets up the regression model of the difference of the reading of each default zenith distance i and each diameter read head, comprises the following steps:
Step 2.1: the orientation code-disc of transit is rotated to 0 °, make altitude axis along east-west direction setting, make a figure disc be positioned at the west end of altitude axis, two figure discs are positioned at the east of altitude axis;
Step 2.2: by identical corner step pitch rotation altitude axis, make telescope point to respectively the default zenith distance that several spacing are identical along meridian direction, while gathering each default zenith distance i of pointing of the telescope, read head A
1, C
1poor (the A of reading
1-C
1)
i, read head B
1, D
1poor (the B of reading
1-D
1)
i, read head A
2, C
2poor (the A of reading
2-C
2)
i, read head B
2, D
2poor (the B of reading
2-D
2)
i;
Step 2.3: by all default zenith distance i and (A
1-C
1)
iin the following formula 1 of substitution:
Formula 1:(A
1-C
1)
i=Δ A
01+ 2r
c11sin (a
c11+ i)+v
i;
V in above formula
ibe stochastic error, from above formula, calculate parameter Δ A by least square method
01, r
c11and a
c11, wherein, Δ A
01represent diameter read head A
1, C
1the zero deviation of difference of reading;
Step 2.4: by all default zenith distance i and (B
1-D
1)
iin the following formula 2 of substitution:
Formula 2:(B
1-D
1)
i=Δ B
01+ 2r
c12sin (a
c12+ i+90 °)+v
i;
V in above formula
ibe stochastic error, from above formula, calculate parameter Δ B by least square method
01, r
c12and a
c12, wherein, Δ B
01represent diameter read head B
1, D
1the zero deviation of difference of reading;
Get r
c1=(r
c11+ r
c12)/2, the r in formula
c1represent the sinusoidal amplitude of periodicity eccentric error of a figure disc;
Get a
c1=(a
c11+ a
c12)/2, a in formula
c1represent the sinusoidal initial phase of periodicity eccentric error of a figure disc;
Step 2.5: by all default zenith distance i and (A
2-C
2)
iin the following formula 3 of substitution:
Formula 3:(A
2-C
2)
i=Δ A
02+ 2r
c21sin (a
c21+ i)+v
i;
V in above formula
ibe stochastic error, from above formula, calculate parameter Δ A by least square method
02, r
c21and a
c21, wherein, Δ A
02represent diameter read head A
2, C
2the zero deviation of difference of reading;
Step 2.6: by all default zenith distance i and (B
2-D
2)
iin the following formula 4 of substitution:
Formula 4:(B
2-D
2)
i=Δ B
02+ 2r
c22sin (a
c22+ i+90 °)+v
i;
V in above formula
ibe stochastic error, from above formula, calculate parameter Δ B by least square method
02, r
c22and a
c22, wherein, Δ B
02represent diameter read head B
2, C
2the zero deviation of difference of reading;
Get r
c2=(r
c21+ r
c22)/2, the r in formula
c2represent the sinusoidal amplitude of periodicity eccentric error of two figure discs;
Get a
c2=(a
c21+ a
c22)/2, a in formula
c2represent the sinusoidal initial phase of periodicity eccentric error of two figure discs;
Step 3, the real-time measuring and calculating of altitude axis axle head beat when observing celestial body to be measured:
Step 3.1: the orientation code-disc of transit is rotated to 0 °, make altitude axis along east-west direction setting, make a figure disc be positioned at the west end of altitude axis, two figure discs are positioned at the east of altitude axis;
Step 3.2: along meridian direction rotation altitude axis, make telescope point to respectively the celestial body to be measured that zenith distance is z, gather read head A
1, C
1poor (the A of reading
1-C
1)
z, read head B
1, D
1poor (the B of reading
1-D
1)
z, read head A
2, C
2poor (the A of reading
2-C
2)
i, read head B
2, D
2poor (the B of reading
2-D
2)
i, in the following formula 5-8 of difference substitution, and will in step 2, solve the Δ A obtaining
01, Δ B
01, r
c1and a
c1, and Δ A
02, Δ B
02, r
c2and a
c2in the following formula 5-8 of substitution:
Formula 5:
Formula 6:
Formula 7:
Formula 8:
Calculated respectively by above-mentioned formula
with
, wherein,
with
end side-play amount northwards and upwards in altitude axis west while being respectively observation celestial body to be measured,
with
altitude axis the east side-play amount southwards and upwards while being respectively observation celestial body to be measured;
Get
)/2 for observation when celestial body to be measured altitude axis the east with respect to west end the beat amount in North and South direction;
Get (
when)/2 are observation celestial body to be measured, altitude axis the east is with respect to west end beat amount upwards.
In said method, the default zenith distance i in described step 2 can be that the step pitch between-75 ° and 75 ° is the round values angle of 1 °.
In said method, described side-play amount upwards all refers to the side-play amount in the direction contrary with gravity direction, such as:
altitude axis west end side-play amount upwards when observing celestial body to be measured, its implication is
the side-play amount of altitude axis west end in the direction contrary with gravity direction when observing celestial body to be measured.
The present invention adopts the two ends at altitude axis, a height steel band code-disc is respectively set, it is digital angle scrambler, and two pairs of read heads that orthogonal diameter distributes, by the variation of each code-disc eccentric error, it is the variation of the difference of diameter two read head readings, calculate respectively beat direction and value that each axle head is caused by axial system error, and then calculate direction and the value of the real-time beat of altitude axis in observation process, thereby substitute axle collimating apparatus, because the measurement result of grating encoder is digital quantity, therefore greatly improved the efficiency of altitude axis string pendulum momentum survey, and detection architecture is simpler.Originally adopt axle colimated light system to measure axis oscillating, obtain analog image, then carry out digital processing and obtain digital signal.The image that observation obtains every night, needs to process for 4 hours consuming time.And after adopting dicode dish to detect, can immediately obtain swing parameter, even realize the real time measure.
For the orientation code-disc that solves existing astronomical theodolite exists scoring errors, affect the problem of accuracy of observation, the invention provides the code-disc delineation of a kind of Multifunction astronomical transit orientation and correct device, its technical scheme is as follows:
Along coiling in orientation code-disc periphery, two pairs of read heads that are diameter omnidirectional distribution are installed, the angle between adjacent two read heads is 90 °.
The delineation correcting method that carrys out the other side's bit code dish with above-mentioned Multifunction astronomical transit comprises following sequential steps:
Step 1: erecting equipment:
In orientation code-disc periphery, coil read head is installed;
Choose some fixed star i to be measured, every fixed star i to be measured 2 is observed and calculated to step 6 according to the following steps;
Step 2: the star overwriting moment initial value t that obtains fixed star i to be measured
0:
Select one of them fixed star i to be measured, first the orientation code-disc of transit is rotated to position angle A, 12 moment in second before fixed star i star image to be measured is passed through the range of telescope perpendicular bisector of transit, first use CCD camera to 6 seconds of fixed star i star image exposure to be measured, then the rotating around azimuth axis the longitude and latitude seat of transit with 12 seconds, orientation code-disc is rotated to position angle A+180 °, and by telescope around horizontal rotational shaft, the angle of rotation is the twice angle of the zenith distance of fixed star i to be measured, make telescope again point to this fixed star i to be measured 6 seconds of exposure, calculate the star overwriting initial value t of fixed star i to be measured by following formula
0:
t
0＝(t
(A)+t
(A+180°))/2+Δx·k/cosδ；
In above formula, t
(A)while representing code-disc rotation in orientation to position angle A fixed star i to be measured the star image exposure moment, t
(A, A+180 °)while representing code-disc rotation in orientation to position angle A+180 ° fixed star i to be measured the star image exposure moment, Δ x represents the poor of the star image position of fixed star i to be measured on CCD camera target surface when orientation code-disc rotates respectively to position angle A and A+180 °, k represents the picture dot engineer's scale of the CCD camera of main optical path system, and δ represents the apparent declination of fixed star i to be measured;
Step 3: calculate theoretical star by following formula and cross moment t
1:
In above formula,
In above formula,
In above-mentioned formula, α represents the apparent right ascension of fixed star i to be measured, t
2represent the angle between declination circle and meridian circle, i.e. hour angle, q represents the parallactic angle forming between the declination circle of fixed star i to be measured and the vertical circle of position angle A,
represent local adopted lattide, δ represents the apparent declination of fixed star i to be measured;
Step 4: the true bearing by the following formula calculating observation moment is with respect to the deviation delta A in nominal orientation:
ΔA＝-cosδ cosq csczΔt ；
In above formula, δ represents the apparent declination of fixed star i to be measured, and q represents the parallactic angle forming between the declination circle of fixed star i to be measured and the vertical circle of position angle A, and z represents the zenith distance of fixed star i to be measured;
In above formula, Δ t=t
0-t
1;
Step 5: the mean value θ of the orientation code wheel reading while calculating the observation of rotating shaft front and back by following formula:
θ＝(θ
(A)+θ
(A+180°)-180°)/2；
In above formula, θ
(A)while representing orientation code-disc rotation to position angle A, the mean value of four read head readings of orientation code-disc periphery, θ
(A+180 °)while representing orientation code-disc rotation to position angle A+180 °, the mean value of four read head readings of orientation code-disc periphery;
Step 6: by the following formula of θ substitution in the Δ A in step 4 and step 5, when computer azimuth code-disc rotates to position angle A, the correction reading A of orientation code-disc
i:
A
i＝ΔA+θ；
Step 7: the A that gets all fixed star i to be measured
ithe arithmetic mean of value, obtains described transit in the time that orientation code-disc rotates to position angle A, the correction reading A of orientation code-disc
(A).
Above-mentioned position angle A can be 45 °, 90 ° or 135 °.
Utilize the present invention to correct device, can easily astronomical theodolite orientation code-disc scoring errors be detected and be corrected, realize the raising of Instrument observation precision, mainly that the scoring errors of code-disc is revised, taking the circular grating scrambler of Reinshaw as example, the dividing precision of the product of its 200mm diameter approximately 0.9 ", adopt this method should bring up to approximately 0.1 ", make the reading of orientation code-disc more reliable.
As preferred version of the present invention:
The axle body of the left transverse axis between left yoke and intermediate mass is truncated cone-shaped, and the axle body of the right transverse axis between right yoke and intermediate mass is truncated cone-shaped.This structure is the performance for rigidity such as making it have, and object is to use less material to obtain larger rigidity.
As preferred version of the present invention:
Described reflecting telescope is Cassegrain telescope, comprise primary mirror and secondary mirror, on the lens barrel between primary mirror and secondary mirror, be provided with an autocollimation level crossing, the normal of autocollimation level crossing is parallel with the optical axis of primary mirror, the secondary mirror focus place that is positioned at the medium pore rear end of primary mirror is provided with CCD camera, between primary mirror and CCD camera, be provided with half-reflecting half mirror, on the catoptrical optical axis of half-reflecting half mirror, be provided with slit plate, on slit plate, be provided with a unthreaded hole.
The course of work of above-mentioned autocollimation level crossing is as follows: bulb is set after slit plate, the light that bulb sends is by after slit plate, form 1 pointolite, after half-reflecting half mirror, secondary mirror and primary mirror reflection, form directional light, directional light is returned by the autocollimation flat mirror reflects perpendicular to optical axis, then by after half-reflecting half mirror, is imaging on CCD photoelectric device light-sensitive surface in the focal plane of primary mirror.Due to the impact of gravity, in the time of the different height of pointing of the telescope, telescope primary mirror can produce small deflection and then make the optical axis of main optical path with respect to intermediate mass by relative intermediate mass with secondary mirror, also deflect with respect to autocollimation level crossing, at this moment the position of the some picture on CCD light-sensitive surface will be moved.
As preferred version of the present invention:
The front and back ends of described right yoke is respectively provided with an electric level, and described electric level comprises collimator and quicksilver horizon, and collimator is straight down, be arranged on right yoke, quicksilver horizon be arranged on be positioned at collimator below on coil;
In described collimator along being disposed with from the top down CCD camera, half-reflecting half mirror and collimating mirror on optical axis, on the catoptrical optical axis of half-reflecting half mirror, be provided with light source slit plate, on light source slit plate, be provided with three row unthreaded holes, on every row, be provided with three unthreaded holes.
The course of work of above-mentioned electric level is as follows: the light sending at light source slit plate forms 3 × 3 pointolites, through half-reflecting half mirror, after collimating mirror, form directional light, directional light is reflected by the mercury reflecting surface of the quicksilver horizon perpendicular to optical axis, again by after half-reflecting half mirror, imaging on the light-sensitive surface of the CCD camera on the focal plane of collimating mirror, in the time of the above overall run-off the straight of part of dish on the moving instrument of the upper dribbling of instrument, the optical axis of collimator has represented gravity direction with respect to mercury reflecting surface, can think the constant small deflection that has, thereby the position of the some picture battle array becoming on CCD light-sensitive surface is changed.Electricity level is in fact to adopt mercury face to replace autocollimation level crossing, and the feature of bringing is thus: when the common mercury face of the relative mercury face of telescope is the constant small inclination that has, can detect tilt quantity by self-collimation measurement.
Multifunction astronomical transit of the present invention is a kind of small-sized, light, full automatic astrometric instrument with several functions, it is the small-sized reflecting telescope with multiple error measuring means, it can intersect in any number of uniform orientation observation, and can the real time measure and eliminate the various error instantaneous values of instrument.
Multifunction astronomical transit can be used for carrying out the mensuration of astronomical warp, latitude, extracts the information of clean, reliable pedal line direction ANOMALOUS VARIATIONS, and by pedal line ANOMALOUS VARIATIONS triangle monitoring net, extraction information of earthquake; Be used to simultaneously and rebuild China's earth rotation parameter (ERP) terrestrial optical measuring system, high-precision universal time and latitude determination value are provided routinely; It can also be at the instantaneous astronomical atmospheric refraction of multiple uniform direction-findings, set up the Model Measured that local multi-faceted astronomical atmospheric refraction Model Measured and atmospheric refraction delay correct, except get rid of pedal line change in the various systematic errors that cause of atmospheric factor and be conducive to match with GPS measurement, also as future relevant department set up the needs of local atmospheric refraction model and the surveying instrument produced; In addition, according to the feasibility of studying in advance at present, it can also tilt on ground around, long term monitoring fixed observer station, and by its astronomical sight of self and coordinating of non-astronomical sight, obtains round-the-clock pedal line change picture.
Aspect apparatus structure, compared with lower latitude meridian circle, do many-sided improvement, mainly contain: adopt circular grating scrambler (being called for short ring grating) to substitute optical circle, for the control of instrument corner and the high-acruracy survey of corner, realize the digitizing of measurement of angle, improved measuring accuracy; Electricity level system adopts area array CCD to substitute line array CCD as detector, and adopts porous star tester to replace slit plate; Adopt two height code-discs to detect the beat of altitude axis, realized the robotization of measuring, improved measuring accuracy, reduced the accuracy requirement to machining.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the front view of Multifunction astronomical transit of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is read head A in Fig. 1
1, B
1, C
1, D
1perspective view along W direction on a figure disc;
Fig. 3 is read head A in Fig. 1
2, B
2, C
2, D
2perspective view along E direction on two figure discs;
Fig. 4 is four distribution schematic diagrams that are the read head of diameter omnidirectional distribution installing along orientation code-disc periphery in Fig. 1;
Fig. 5 is the telescopical index path in Fig. 1;
Fig. 6 is the index path of the electric level in Fig. 1.
Embodiment
Multifunction astronomical transit as shown in Figure 1, comprises longitude and latitude seat and is arranged on the reflecting telescope 8 on longitude and latitude seat;
Described reflecting telescope 8 is arranged on the intermediate mass 9 between left transverse axis 5 and the right transverse axis 6 of longitude and latitude seat, the spindle nose of left transverse axis 5 and right transverse axis 6 is arranged on respectively on the left yoke 3 and right yoke 4 on dish 20, upper dish 20 is sleeved on the azimuth axis 15 in mid-game 19, orientation code-disc 16 is installed on the axle head of azimuth axis 15, between upper dish 20 and mid-game 19, surface bearing 13 is installed, mid-game 19 is arranged on the supporting base 14 on chassis 18, and chassis 18 is arranged on foundation pier 17;
On described left transverse axis 5 or right transverse axis 6, near intermediate mass 9 places, vertical worm gear 11 is installed, vertical worm gear 11 and worm mesh, worm screw is connected with servomotor through kinematic train;
The rear end of described reflecting telescope 8 is provided with the dial gauge with CCD camera;
The spindle nose of described left transverse axis 5 and right transverse axis 6 is cylindrical, is arranged on respectively on the deep groove ball bearing 7 arranging on left yoke 3 and right yoke 4;
On described left transverse axis 5, be provided with a figure disc 1, be provided with two figure discs 2 on right transverse axis 6, a described figure disc 1 and two figure discs 2 are circular grating angular encoder;
As shown in Figure 2, two pairs of read heads that are diameter omnidirectional distribution are set on the left yoke 3 that is positioned at figure disc 1 outside, are respectively read head A by arranged clockwise
1, B
1, C
1, D
1, wherein read head A
1be positioned at the top of vertical direction, the angle between adjacent two read heads is 90 °, read head A
1, C
1be diameter setting, read head B
1, D
1be diameter setting, read head A
1, C
1line and read head B
1, D
1line orthogonal thereto;
As shown in Figure 3, two pairs of read heads that are diameter omnidirectional distribution are set on the right yoke 4 that is positioned at two figure disc 2 outsides, are respectively read head A by arranged clockwise
2, B
2, C
2, D
2, wherein read head A
2be positioned at the top of vertical direction, the angle between adjacent two read heads is 90 °, read head A
2, C
2be diameter setting, read head B
2, D
2be diameter setting, read head A
2, C
2line and read head B
2, D
2line orthogonal thereto.
As shown in Figure 4, along two pairs of read heads 12 that are diameter omnidirectional distribution are installed on the upper dish 20 of orientation code-disc 16 peripheries, the angle between adjacent two read heads 12 is 90 °.
As shown in Figure 1, the axle body of the left transverse axis 5 between left yoke 3 and intermediate mass 9 is truncated cone-shaped, and the axle body of the right transverse axis 6 between right yoke 4 and intermediate mass 9 is truncated cone-shaped.
As shown in Figure 5, described reflecting telescope 8 is Cassegrain telescope, comprise primary mirror 23 and secondary mirror 24, on the lens barrel between primary mirror 23 and secondary mirror 24, be provided with an autocollimation level crossing 25, the normal of autocollimation level crossing 25 is parallel with the optical axis of primary mirror 23, the secondary mirror focus place that is positioned at the medium pore rear end of primary mirror 23 is provided with CCD camera 28, between primary mirror 23 and CCD camera 28, be provided with half-reflecting half mirror 26, on the catoptrical optical axis of half-reflecting half mirror 26, be provided with slit plate 27, on slit plate 27, be provided with a unthreaded hole.
As shown in Figure 1, the front and back ends of described right yoke 4 is respectively provided with an electric level, and described electric level comprises collimator 22 and quicksilver horizon 21, and collimator 22 is straight down, be arranged on right yoke 4, quicksilver horizon 21 is arranged on the upper dish 20 that is positioned at collimator 22 belows;
As shown in Figure 6, in described collimator 22 along being disposed with from the top down CCD camera 29, half-reflecting half mirror 30 and collimating mirror 31 on optical axis, on the catoptrical optical axis of half-reflecting half mirror 30, be provided with light source slit plate 32, on light source slit plate 32, be provided with three row unthreaded holes, on every row, be provided with three unthreaded holes.
Claims (5)
1. Multifunction astronomical transit, comprises longitude and latitude seat and is arranged on the reflecting telescope (8) on longitude and latitude seat;
Described reflecting telescope (8) is arranged on the intermediate mass (9) between left transverse axis (5) and the right transverse axis (6) of longitude and latitude seat, the spindle nose of left transverse axis (5) and right transverse axis (6) is arranged on respectively on the left yoke (3) and right yoke (4) on dish (20), upper dish (20) is sleeved on the azimuth axis (15) in mid-game (19), orientation code-disc (16) is installed on the axle head of azimuth axis (15), between upper dish (20) and mid-game (19), surface bearing (13) is installed, mid-game (19) is arranged on the supporting base (14) on chassis (18), chassis (18) is arranged on foundation pier (17),
Described left transverse axis (5) or right transverse axis (6) are upper locates to be provided with vertical worm gear (11) near intermediate mass (9), vertical worm gear (11) and worm mesh, and worm screw is connected with servomotor through kinematic train;
It is characterized in that:
The rear end of described reflecting telescope (8) is provided with the dial gauge with CCD camera;
The spindle nose of described left transverse axis (5) and right transverse axis (6) is cylindrical, is arranged on respectively on the upper deep groove ball bearing (7) arranging of left yoke (3) and right yoke (4);
On described left transverse axis (5), be provided with number one code-disc (1), be provided with the second figure disc (2) on right transverse axis (6), described number one code-disc (1) and the second figure disc (2) are circular grating angular encoder;
On the left yoke (3) that is positioned at number one code-disc (1) outside, two pairs of read heads that are diameter omnidirectional distribution are set, are respectively read head by arranged clockwise
,
,
,
, wherein read head
be positioned at the top of vertical direction, the angle between adjacent two read heads is
, read head
,
be diameter setting, read head
,
be diameter setting, read head
,
line and read head
,
line orthogonal thereto;
On the right yoke (4) that is positioned at the second figure disc (2) outside, two pairs of read heads that are diameter omnidirectional distribution are set, are respectively read head by arranged clockwise
,
,
,
, wherein read head
be positioned at the top of vertical direction, the angle between adjacent two read heads is
, read head
,
be diameter setting, read head
,
be diameter setting, read head
,
line and read head
,
line orthogonal thereto.
2. Multifunction astronomical transit according to claim 1, is characterized in that:
Along two pairs of read heads (12) that are diameter omnidirectional distribution are installed on the upper dish (20) of orientation code-disc (16) periphery, the angle between adjacent two read heads (12) is
.
3. Multifunction astronomical transit according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that:
The axle body that is positioned at the left transverse axis (5) between left yoke (3) and intermediate mass (9) is truncated cone-shaped, and the axle body that is positioned at the right transverse axis (6) between right yoke (4) and intermediate mass (9) is truncated cone-shaped.
4. Multifunction astronomical transit according to claim 3, is characterized in that:
Described reflecting telescope (8) is Cassegrain telescope, comprise primary mirror (23) and secondary mirror (24), be positioned on the lens barrel between primary mirror (23) and secondary mirror (24) and be provided with an autocollimation level crossing (25), the normal of autocollimation level crossing (25) is parallel with the optical axis of primary mirror (23), the secondary mirror focus place that is positioned at the medium pore rear end of primary mirror (23) is provided with a CCD camera (28), between primary mirror (23) and a CCD camera (28), be provided with the first half-reflecting half mirror (26), on the catoptrical optical axis of the first half-reflecting half mirror (26), be provided with slit plate (27), on slit plate (27), be provided with a unthreaded hole.
5. Multifunction astronomical transit according to claim 4, is characterized in that:
The front and back ends of described right yoke (4) is respectively provided with an electric level, described electric level comprises collimator (22) and quicksilver horizon (21), collimator (22) is straight down, be arranged on right yoke (4) upper, quicksilver horizon (21) is arranged on the upper dish (20) that is positioned at collimator (22) below;
In described collimator (22) along being disposed with from the top down the 2nd CCD camera (29), the second half-reflecting half mirror (30) and collimating mirror (31) on optical axis, on the catoptrical optical axis of the second half-reflecting half mirror (30), be provided with light source slit plate (32), light source slit plate is provided with several unthreaded holes on (32).
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| CN105737795A (en) * | 2015-08-24 | 2016-07-06 | 江苏理工学院 | Simple range finder |
| CN109540102A (en) * | 2018-12-14 | 2019-03-29 | 中铁建设集团有限公司 | A kind of high-precision tilt angle measuring device and method based on CCD linear array |
| CN111272104B (en) * | 2019-11-21 | 2021-09-14 | 中国科学院国家天文台南京天文光学技术研究所 | Method suitable for automatically shielding position sensor fault reading head in extreme environment |
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| CN2041420U (en) * | 1988-11-16 | 1989-07-19 | 胡照普 | Ring type vernier dial for theodolite |
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