CN102873437B - Welding device capable of controlling and reducing submerged-arc welding weld metal oxide inclusions - Google Patents
Welding device capable of controlling and reducing submerged-arc welding weld metal oxide inclusions Download PDFInfo
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- CN102873437B CN102873437B CN201210372339.5A CN201210372339A CN102873437B CN 102873437 B CN102873437 B CN 102873437B CN 201210372339 A CN201210372339 A CN 201210372339A CN 102873437 B CN102873437 B CN 102873437B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a welding device capable of controlling and reducing submerged-arc welding weld metal oxide inclusions and belongs to the field of submerged-arc welding. The welding device comprises a welding torch, a main welding circuit and an auxiliary circuit capable of forming an auxiliary welding electric field, the auxiliary circuit comprises a direct-current power source and a metal conducting electrode, and one end of the direct-current power source is connected with a base metal while the other end of the direct-current power source is connected with the metal conducting electrode. The slag-metal auxiliary external electric field is applied by the device with welding in a welding process, the probability of forming oxide inclusions due to mutual combination of ions can be effectively reduced, and the size and distribution of the inclusions in welding seams are controlled.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to submerged arc welding field, more particularly, relate to a kind of welder controlling to reduce the weld metal internal oxidation field trash that Lincoln weld is formed.
Background technology
Existing submerged-arc welding first solder flux is piled up above weldment, then imbeds the welding wire of supply continuously, weld after striking, and the raw welding slag of not stopping pregnancy, now electric arc is buried by solder flux, and the molten pool metal of formation is not easy to direct observation, and solder flux shields.Submerged-arc welding because the gage of wire used is comparatively thick, electric current is large and molten bath dark, therefore is used for greatly the high efficiency welding processing of steel plate.
Lincoln weld, it utilizes big current to produce electric arc under welding flux layer, forms the liquid state molten pool metallic region of a larger volume under the protection of melt flux, with after through solidifying acquisition weld metal.Lincoln weld has efficient, high-quality feature, plays irreplaceable effect at production industries such as pressure vessel, petroleum machinery, shipbuilding, steel construction pieces.
Usual submerged-arc welding efficiency is 4 ~ 5 times of stick electrode arc welding, and welding process can realize mechanical automation operation in addition, because becoming the main welding processing of large thick member metal structure.Submerged arc welding process is attended by strong slag and the reciprocation of liquid metal, and its result makes weld metal there is oxygenation phenomenon largely.Simultaneously due to the kinetic character of Welding Metallurgy process, the cleanliness factor of weld metal is difficult to the high-cleanness level reaching base metals usually, thus easily forms excessive oxide inclusion.Generally, oxide inclusion easily brings out micro-crack and significantly reduces the low-temperature flexibility of weld metal.In addition, at present in the manufacture of the important meals such as boiler, pressure vessel structure, welding quality it is also proposed more and more higher requirement, national technical standard GB3323-87 " radiography of steel weld seam and egative film grade separation method " also in butt welded seam inclusion size size made clear and definite class requirement.Meanwhile in field trash research in weld metal, Oxide Metallurgy forming core theory is in recent years thought, under suitable oxygen content, form the tiny and equally distributed oxide of size can the forming core of induced austenite intragranular acicular ferrite, impel weld seam to form a high proportion of acicular ferrite structure, greatly can improve low-temperature impact toughness again.If effectively to control in weld seam oxygen content and inclusion size thereof and distribution for this reason, oxide inclusions can be made to be converted into favourable by harmful, to play Oxide Metallurgy forming core effect to improve weld metal low-temperature impact toughness.But the Best available control technology at present about steel inclusion size and distribution there is not yet report.
Because molten slag is a kind of electrolyte with ionic conduction characteristic, and molten slag is easier to the migration of ion, and the oxygen removed in metal in the method for field of steel-making extra electric field is at present a rather novel thinking." research of slag metal applied electric field pollution-free deoxygenation method " (Lu Xionggang, Liang little Wei, Yuan Wei, Sun Mingshan, Ding Weizhong, Zhou Guozhi; Acta Metallurgica Sinica, 2005, the second phase) disclose at copper liquid and Na
3alF
6-Al
2o
3apply galvanic current field between slag system, carry out the pollution-free deoxidizing of copper liquid, effectively dissolved oxygen in copper liquid is removed to 10 × 10
-6left and right.This method avoid the problem such as high cost and secondary oxidation of oxide inclusions to the pollution of molten metal and solid electrolyte method of deoxidation." Unpolluted short circuit electrochemical reduction analysis for molten oxide slags " (Gao Yunming, Guo Xingmin, Zhou Guozhi; China YouSe Acta Metallurgica Sinica, third phase in 2006) disclose the iron liquid utilizing carbon saturated and make reducing agent, form two kinds of batteries, from CaO-SiO
2-Al
2o
3pure iron and carbon-free ferroalloy is obtained respectively in-FeO system slag.Its basic ideas are that the electrochemical reduction between smelting later-stage utilization slag gold carries out pollution-free degree of depth deoxidation to molten metal.Welding process can not carry out degree of depth deoxidation as steel-making, but this principle can be utilized to carry out oxygen content and inclusion size control.
Summary of the invention
the technical problem solved
For the technical problem that oxide inclusion and oxygen content in the Lincoln weld deposited metal existed in prior art cannot be effectively controlled, the invention provides a kind of welder controlling to reduce submerged-arc welding seam burning field trash, this device realizes applying auxiliary external electric field between slag-Jin with weldering in welding process, effectively can reduce interionic to be combined with each other and form the probability of oxide inclusions, control size and the distribution of field trash in weld seam.
technical scheme
inventive principle: the present invention utilizes external power to provide an auxiliary external electric field to welding circuit, and the conductive electrode of auxiliary electric field is made with the metal of high temperature resistant conduction, before welding, this conductive electrode is fixed on welding torch and is synchronized with the movement with welding head, and it is inner to make metal electrode just in time insert fusing solder flux, an auxiliary External Electrical Field so just can be applied between slag-molten bath, auxiliary electric field is utilized to impel liquid state molten pool and slag intermediate ion to ionize further, and directed charge migration is formed under electric field action, make ion and the mutual reverse movement of electronegative Ion Phase of the positive lotus of band, thus effectively reduce ion and be combined with each other and form the probability of oxide inclusions, induce under the effect of electric field force simultaneously the large metal ion transport of bath and oxygen affinity to slag gold interface preferentially and in slag active oxygen be combined into oxide and enter in slag, finally reach the object controlling inclusion size and distribution in weld seam.
Object of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions.
A kind of welder controlling minimizing submerged-arc welding seam burning field trash of the present invention, it comprises welding torch and welding main circuit, and it also comprises the auxiliary circuit that can form welding auxiliary electric field; Described auxiliary circuit comprises dc source and metal conducting electrodes, a termination base metals of described dc source, the metal conducting electrodes described in another termination.
Preferably, described dc source is the D.C. regulated power supply of 30V/50A.Because alternating current can not form stable electric field, therefore must adopt dc source, the conductance of slag is limited simultaneously, and the electric current flowed through between slag gold generally can not, more than 15A, therefore select excessive supply voltage to be nonsensical.
Preferably, base metals is provided with 2-4 multiple contact contact for being connected with one end of described dc source.Arranging 2-4 multiple contact contact is to ensure evenly spreading of electric current.
Preferably, described metal conducting electrodes adopts tungsten bar.Described tungsten bar diameter is 3.2mm.
Described tungsten bar insulating resin chuck to be fixed on welding head and to insulate with ignition tip.Must be noted that tungsten bar and ignition tip keep insulating herein, otherwise welding main circuit current will flow through tungsten bar, then do not have the effect of auxiliary electric field.The distance between two tips wire tip 5-8mm of described tungsten bar, in welding process, tungsten bar is synchronized with the movement as electrode and welding head, this resin chuck is provided with clamping, unclamps knob, for tungsten bar is clamped, clamp by knob after tungsten bar position is fixing, as the upper-lower height of tungsten bar then can unclamp knob as described in need regulating, tungsten bar is adjusted up and down; Clamp after wire heart yearn and described tungsten bar are wound around by described tungsten bar and connecting position of wires copper intermediate plate.
The polarity of accessory power supply can be that tungsten bar connects negative pole, base metals connects positive pole or tungsten bar connects positive pole, base metals connects negative pole.The lead-in wire of dc source two output stage can be utilized during operation to carry out two kinds of polarity connect, the dc source conversion knob with dipole inversion gauge tap also can be utilized directly to carry out two kinds of polarity and arrange.
Described metal conducting electrodes also can adopt metal platinum or solid zirconia.
beneficial effect
Compared to prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
(1) removal of existing submerged-arc welding seam burning field trash depends on that the oxide ester mp of formation is high, density is little compared with molten pool metal, thus only escapes at buoyancy float downward and enters in slag.Just frozenly when weld metal is in liquid deficiency of time to ensure that oxide is fully overflowed be set in the inner formation of weld metal and be mingled with.The present invention is except having the mechanism of above-mentioned removal oxide inclusion, also introduce the external electric field applied between slag gold, electric field force is utilized to make not yet to be combined into the anion of oxide and oxonium ion is separated from each other, and at interface cohesion thus the new mechanism entered in slag, therefore in removal mechanisms at work, there is new expansion, minimizing technology is become initiatively from passive, and result is also more effective;
(2) control of existing submerged-arc welding seam burning field trash depends primarily on the composition of slag, and the composition of slag is decided by flux constituent design.For user, once buy commodity solder flux, by adjustment flux constituent, welding process field trash is not control effectively.The invention provides a kind of method of additional auxiliary electric field that utilizes to control, effectively can be controlled field trash to a certain extent by adjustment auxiliary electric field voltage, electric current, thus have more operability;
(3) after applying external electric field between slag gold, the electric conductivity of slag obtains larger improvement, and now compared with existing submerged-arc welding, be more conducive to the smooth combustion of welding arc, welding procedure is more stable, and appearance of weld is also more good.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the Fundamentals of Welding schematic diagram applying external electric field;
Fig. 2 is weld metal field trash photo, and Fig. 2 (a) is for applying external electric field, and Fig. 2 (b) is not for apply external electric field;
Fig. 3 is field trash SEM pattern photo, and Fig. 3 (a) is for applying external electric field, and Fig. 3 (b) is not for apply external electric field;
Fig. 4 is the graph of a relation of external electric field and weld metal oxygen content;
Fig. 5 is that external electric field voltage is with curent change curve.
Number in the figure illustrates: 1, liquid welding slag; 2, solder flux; 3, electric arc; 4, molten pool metal; 5, base metals; 6, welding slag is solidified; 7, weld metal.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with Figure of description and specific embodiment, the present invention is described in detail.
embodiment 1
As shown in Figure 1, welding equipment adopts MZ-1000 type automatic submerged-arc welding machine to the welder principle schematic of the present embodiment, is equipped with walking dolly and realizes automatic welding.With the H10Mn2 welding wire that diameter is 4mm, coordinate SJ101 type sintered flux 2 to be welding material, make welding base metals 5 with the Q235 sheet material of thickness δ 8 mm, carry out surface deposited metal built-up welding in downhand position.Welding conditions: welding current I=560-565A, arc voltage U=33-34v, welding speed V=30cm/min.
This auxiliary electric field comprises dc source and metal conducting electrodes, and this dc source adopts the D.C. regulated power supply of 30V/50A, and this dc source output anode connects base metals 5, and negative electrode receives the tungsten bar of Φ 3.2mm.Tungsten bar insulating resin chuck is fixed on welding torch with weld main circuit and insulate, be synchronized with the movement in company with head and molten bath during welding, the degree of depth that tungsten bar inserts welding arc 3 region has two kinds of control methods, one be welding before test weld time unclamp tungsten bar insulating resin fixed chuck, tighten fixed chuck again after making tungsten bar can freely up and down be adjusted to appropriate location; Two is can together with the integrally-regulated torch height of head when also needing suitably to regulate in welding process, tungsten electrode is remained insert liquid state molten pool inner, so just can apply one and assist external electric field between slag-molten bath.
Apply External Electrical Field, when the anode that tungsten bar makes external electric field puts on slag, auxiliary current stability is not good enough, then has very good stability when putting on slag as negative electrode.Fig. 5 is that accessory power supply setting initial voltage acts on applied voltage in submerged-arc welding quasi-steady state process and auxiliary current relation curve when being respectively 10V, 15V, 20V, 25V.Enforcement practice shows, the auxiliary electric field that welding process applies by power output signal, can control effectively by regulating electrode contact locations completely.Because the resistance of liquid welding slag 1 is much larger than the resistance of liquid state molten pool, and if only if solder flux 2 melts the liquid welding slag 1 of rear formation just have conductive capability.When the output current of the dc source of additional auxiliary electric field is shown as zero, show that tungsten bar electrode not yet inserts liquid welding slag 1 inner, auxiliary circuit not yet forms loop; And when the output current of the power supply of additional auxiliary electric field reaches about 20A, when output voltage is down to about 1V, then show that tungsten bar electrode has inserted molten pool metal 4, now auxiliary circuit is in short-circuit condition.Only have the electric current when additional power source to be shown as 4-6A, when output voltage is shown as 5-12V, the liquid welding slag 1 that tungsten electrode just inserts electric arc 3 periphery is inner, between slag-molten bath, be now namely applied with an auxiliary external electric field.Electrochemical action can be there is and form stable charged ion in melt inside to flow in the electric current flowing through molten slag-molten pool metal interface at its interface.Therefore a-b is interval in Figure 5 should to control external electric field work.Implement practice to show, when additional auxiliary electric field is zero, auxiliary current display is also zero simultaneously, do not exist between slag-molten bath when susceptible of proof does not add external electric field stable ion current to.
On flat board, carry out applying external electric field with same weld specification during welding and do not apply external electric field contrast test.Postwelding can intercept the cross section sample of vertical weld length direction, and DM4000M metallographic microscope carries out the gridding method Welding seam inclusion statistical analysis of many visual fields with Japanese RAIMS AIM inclusion analysis software.Subsidiary energy disperse spectroscopy is coordinated to carry out field trash pattern and Microanalysis with JSM-6360LV ESEM.Then the pole along fusion length direction wire cutting method intercepting Φ 5 × 6mm makes oxygen analysis on LECO oxygen nitrogen combined measuring instrument.
The impact applying field trash in external electric field butt welded seam in the present embodiment 1 can do the analysis of following two aspects:
(1) impact of external electric field butt welded seam inclusion size and distribution
Fig. 2 gives and utilizes tungsten bar to make the distribution photo applying external electric field when negative electrode welds with identical parameters and analyze inclusion size in weld seam under not applying external electric field two kinds of conditions by many visual fields method.From statistics, in weld seam, field trash is mostly 1-3 μm of size range.Apply external electric field and do not apply external electric field and compare, not significantly, but the former (Fig. 2 (a)) presents the more tiny and trend of distribution uniform of size in the amount of inclusions change, and the latter (Fig. 2 (b)) inclusion size is obviously thicker compared with the former.
Fig. 3 gives the typical field trash high power pattern photo observed under ESEM further and draw.Observe and find, when not applying external electric field (Fig. 3 (b)), field trash is cotton-shaped in group, and field trash inside is attended by a small amount of micro-crack.The toughness of this field trash Resistance of Weld Metal 7 often has adverse influence.But the Welding seam inclusion that applying external electric field (Fig. 3 (a)) acts on is comparatively close to spherical shape, and particle size is obviously more tiny.The energy spectrum analysis of field trash microcell shows that field trash all has higher oxygen content (shown in table 1), can judge it should is mainly the field trash that oxide causes.
Table 1 field trash EDAX results
Both slag and molten pool metal 4 have obvious difference in conductive mechanism, and the charged ion number ionized out under the conduction of slag depends mainly on high temperature, the conduction of molten pool metal 4 then decides primarily of the free electron of metal inside.The rising of the former conductivity with temperature and increasing, and the reduction of the latter's conductivity with temperature and increasing.When applying an external electric field when between slag-molten pool metal, External Electrical Field exacerbates disintegration and the ionization of slag and the inner complicated ions of molten pool metal 4; Simultaneously under External Electrical Field, positively charged cation and electronegative anion form directed movement reverse each other, and negative ions can be fully separated in molten bath, are combined into the chance also just corresponding minimizing of oxide.Because tungsten electrode provides free electron stream continuously to slag inside, filling into of a large amount of free electron makes Si4 in molten bath
+, Al
3+, Ca
2+, Ti
4+oxide forming elements is had to accelerate, to the migration of slag direction, could maintain the charge balance of melt.These cations migrate to slag-interface, molten bath and are namely reduced or enter slag inside and continue to migrate to electrode and be reduced.This directional migration is continued until molten bath afterbody until welding slag 6 is solidified in formation, and the field trash that thus molten bath is formed before solidifying is disperseed effectively.Consider that conductance improves afterbody solidification and crystallization forward position, molten bath further because temperature sharply declines, thus the directed movement effect of ion is more remarkable.This is obviously conducive to weld metal 7 and forms carefully small and scattered field trash.
(2) impact of external electric field Resistance of Weld Metal 7 oxygen content
Fig. 4 is weld metal 7 oxygen content comparison diagram when testing the applying external electric field that draws with LECO oxygen nitrogen combined measuring instrument and do not apply external electric field.When oxygen analysis display applies External Electrical Field, weld metal 7 oxygen content significantly reduces than weld metal 7 oxygen content when not applying external electric field, and along with the increase of external electric field voltage, weld metal 7 oxygen content has the trend of reduction, shows that external electric field Resistance of Weld Metal 7 oxygenation has depression effect.Can do following analysis to this, not high owing to being itself oxygen content of welding wire metal or base metals 5, the oxygen in weld metal 7 is enter weld metal 7 inside to cause due to the oxidation of slag mostly.When applying External Electrical Field, the oxide forming elements of bath will form the directed movement that flow to slag-interface, molten bath due to positively charged under DC Electric Field, and the free oxonium ion in slag inside also can form the electromigration flowing to slag-interface, molten bath under External Electrical Field.At near interface, due to positively charged Ti
4+, Al
3+, Si
4+, Mn
2+be greater than matrix Fe element to the affinity of oxygen Deng the affinity of field trash forming element to oxygen, result make these oxides formed unit be preferentially combined into oxide at interface by electrochemistry and heat chemistry effect and enter in slag.Just weaken the oxidation of slag to molten pool metal 4 so to a certain extent, thus the oxygen content of weld metal 7 significantly reduces than when not adding external electric field.According to the energy spectrum analysis of table 1 pair field trash, field trash when not applying external electric field in weld seam is mainly that Al causes, and after applying external electric field, then the content of Al greatly reduces the i.e. above-mentioned analysis of susceptible of proof.Because Al and O has extremely strong affinity, the effect of external electric field makes Al a large amount of in molten bath move to slag direction.At slag-Jin interface, preferential O in slag is combined and is removed result, and the oxide that thus in weld seam, Al causes must reduce.
embodiment 2
Basic skills is with embodiment 1, just change embodiment 1 middle plateform the double V-groove of 60 ° into and liner made by the backing plate being provided with 5mm thick in bottom, controls root gap is 1-2mm, carries out docking test plate (panel) in groove and weld after test plate (panel) assembles, obtain butt weld, also obtain same effect.
In sum, the enforcement conclusion of technical scheme of the present invention:
(1) auxiliary external electric field makes the Complex Particle of molten pool metal 4 inside ionize by electric field action, negative ions forms ion current reverse each other, the chance that before effectively reducing molten bath solidification and crystallization, oxide is formed, is conducive to weld metal 7 and forms carefully small and scattered field trash;
(2) auxiliary external electric field is impelled molten pool metal 4 subscale forming element to slag migration and is preferentially oxidized and then enters slag by the free oxonium ion in slag at slag-interface, molten bath, weakens the oxidation of slag to molten pool metal 4 and its oxygen content is significantly reduced.
Below be schematically described the present invention and embodiment thereof, this description does not have restricted, one of embodiment of the yet just the invention shown in accompanying drawing, is actually not limited thereto.So, if those of ordinary skill in the art enlightens by it, when not departing from the invention aim, designing the scheme and construction example similar to this technical scheme without creationary, the protection domain of the invention all should be belonged to.
Claims (5)
1. can control the welder reducing submerged-arc welding seam burning field trash, it comprises welding torch and welding main circuit, and it is characterized in that, it also comprises the auxiliary circuit that can form welding auxiliary electric field;
Described auxiliary circuit comprises dc source and metal conducting electrodes, a termination base metals (5) of described dc source, the metal conducting electrodes described in another termination;
Wherein, described dc source is the D.C. regulated power supply of 30V/50A;
Wherein, base metals (5) is provided with 2-4 multiple contact contact for being connected with one end of described dc source.
2. welder according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described metal conducting electrodes adopts tungsten bar.
3. welder according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described metal conducting electrodes adopts metal platinum or solid zirconia.
4. welder according to claim 2, is characterized in that, described tungsten bar electrode diameter is 3.2mm.
5. welder according to claim 4, it is characterized in that, described tungsten bar insulating resin chuck to be fixed on welding head and to insulate with ignition tip, the distance between two tips wire tip 5-8mm of described tungsten bar, this insulating resin chuck is provided with clamping, unclamps knob, for tungsten bar is clamped; Clamp after wire heart yearn and described tungsten bar are wound around by described tungsten bar and connecting position of wires copper intermediate plate.
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| CN104526169B (en) * | 2014-11-04 | 2016-08-17 | 南方增材科技有限公司 | Nuclear power plant evaporator cylinder electric smelting manufacturing process |
| CN104526172B (en) * | 2014-11-04 | 2016-08-17 | 南方增材科技有限公司 | Nuclear power conventional island low pressure rotor electric smelting manufacturing process |
| CN110000448B (en) * | 2019-05-14 | 2021-06-04 | 集美大学 | Method and device for welding steel plate |
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| CN2090295U (en) * | 1991-07-01 | 1991-12-11 | 中国人民解放军81872部队 | Microcomputer-controlled submerged-arc welder |
| CN1453371A (en) * | 2002-04-25 | 2003-11-05 | 上海大学 | Electrochemical pollution-free metal liquid deoxygenating process |
| CN101862913A (en) * | 2010-05-13 | 2010-10-20 | 重庆大学 | Electromagnetic current coupling field assisted hybrid melting-brazing method for laser-TIG arc and equipment |
| CN202963753U (en) * | 2012-09-29 | 2013-06-05 | 南京工程学院 | Welding device capable of controlling and reducing metal oxide inclusions in submerged-arc welding seam |
-
2012
- 2012-09-29 CN CN201210372339.5A patent/CN102873437B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN2090295U (en) * | 1991-07-01 | 1991-12-11 | 中国人民解放军81872部队 | Microcomputer-controlled submerged-arc welder |
| CN1453371A (en) * | 2002-04-25 | 2003-11-05 | 上海大学 | Electrochemical pollution-free metal liquid deoxygenating process |
| CN101862913A (en) * | 2010-05-13 | 2010-10-20 | 重庆大学 | Electromagnetic current coupling field assisted hybrid melting-brazing method for laser-TIG arc and equipment |
| CN202963753U (en) * | 2012-09-29 | 2013-06-05 | 南京工程学院 | Welding device capable of controlling and reducing metal oxide inclusions in submerged-arc welding seam |
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