CN102872774A - Titanium dioxide (shell)-dopant (core) composite material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Titanium dioxide (shell)-dopant (core) composite material and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN102872774A CN102872774A CN2011101931505A CN201110193150A CN102872774A CN 102872774 A CN102872774 A CN 102872774A CN 2011101931505 A CN2011101931505 A CN 2011101931505A CN 201110193150 A CN201110193150 A CN 201110193150A CN 102872774 A CN102872774 A CN 102872774A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a titanium dioxide (shell)-dopant (core) composite material, characterized in that: titanium dioxide and dopant form a core-shell structure, and titanium dioxide is used as the shell, and the dopant is used as the core. The preparation method disclosed herein comprises the following steps: 1, carrying out mono dispersion on the dopant or its precursor; 2, wrapping the dopant; and 3, conducting post-treatment. According to the invention, the material disclosed herein can be prepared with high efficiency, low environmental pollution in preparation process, low energy consumption, and low process cost, can be produced in bulk, and the method disclosed herein can be widely applied in the field of titanium dioxide (shell)-dopant (core) composite material production.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to titanium dioxide (shell)-alloy (nuclear) composite and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Titanium dioxide (TiO
2), nontoxic pollution-free can be by organic pollution and prepare super hydrophilic automatically cleaning interface etc. in ultraviolet excitation sterilizing, the degraded environment, is the core substance in the field such as photocatalyst.But TiO
2Bandwidth (Eg) be 3.2eV (electronics is energized into the luminous energy that conduction band Conduction band needs from valence band Valence band), excite TiO
2Electronics is to absorb the luminous energy that surpasses 3.2eV with the prerequisite of opening photocatalyst reaction, this make the visible light that accounts for sunshine power spectrum 43% (380nm<λ<760nm) hang back, and account for the sunshine power spectrum approximately 5% ultraviolet light (luminous energy of λ<380nm) just have above 3.2eV excites TiO
2Electronics also carries out photocatalyst reaction.It is found that through the element such as nitrogen (N), sulphur (S), cerium (Ce), silver (Ag), platinum (Pt), carbon (C), iron (Fe) or zinc oxide (ZnO), magnesia (MgO), tungsten oxide (WO
3), aluminium oxide (Al
2O
3) etc. the titanium dioxide after compound doped also can be produced photocatalyst activity by excited by visible light, this has widened TiO undoubtedly greatly
2Practicality.But from disclosed document and patent, find above-mentioned various alloys or enter TiO
2Lattice or and TiO
2Particle simply mixes or covers TiO
2The surface, and the patent of titanium dioxide (shell)-alloy (nuclear) composite is relatively less.
Application number is Degussa's patent of 01109511.3, when titanium dioxide is produced in pyrolysis, by spraying metal salt solution aerosol mode, only four kinds of products of zinc oxide, platinum oxide, magnesia and alumina doped titanium dioxide have been done patent protection, but product not titanium dioxide (shell)-alloy (nuclear) form of composite; Application number is the patent of invention of 200410099227.3 Jieshijie Novel Materials Co., Ltd, Shanghai, discloses " nano hollow microsphere of composite titania/inorganic carbon and its preparation method and application "; Application number is Zhejiang University's patent of invention of 200510061719.7, utilizes conventional wet chemistry method and high-energy ultrasonic etc., has prepared a kind of titanium dioxide parcel sulfide of core-shell structure or the nanometer, composite semiconductor photocatalyst of selenides; Application number is Industrial Technology Research Institute's patent of invention of 200510117598.3, at the surfaces of metal nanoparticles deposition of titanium oxide; Application number is University Of Dalian's patent of invention of 200710012315.8, discloses " a kind of preparation method of magnetic carrying of titanium dioxide photocatalyst ", at cobalt ferrite (CoFe
2O
4) wrap up titanium dioxide on the magnetic carrier; Application number is Shaanxi Tech Univ's patent of invention of 200710017764.1, discloses " synthetic method of shell starch microsphere "; Application number is Agricultural University Of South China's patent of invention of 200710027809.3, the colloidal sol that utilizes positive four butyl esters of metatitanic acid and ammonium ceric nitrate to mix, preparation cerium doped titanium dioxide (Ce-TiO
2) and load on and form composite photo-catalyst on the silica gel, cerium and titanium dioxide simply mix, and are not the core-shell structure form of titanium dioxide (shell)-alloy (nuclear); Application number is Shanghai Silicate Inst., Chinese Academy of Sciences's patent of 200710039531.1 and 200710173111.2, discloses respectively " Zinc oxide/titanium dioxide composite photo-catalyst, preparation and the application of core/shell structure " and " sol-gel method for preparing of earth silicon/titanic oxide hollow microballoon "; Application number is brilliant sharp porcelain industry (Beijing) Co., Ltd patent of invention of 200810212079.9, utilize metatitanic acid, the tungstenic aqueous solution and ammoniacal liquor etc. to prepare the tungstenic titanium dioxide powder, but be not titanium dioxide (shell)-alloy (nuclear) form of composite; Application number is Shanghai Haojia Nano Technology Co., Ltd.'s patent of invention of 200810200192.5 and 200810200196.3, only at " a kind of in cawk, blanc fixe, kaolin or the mica; particle diameter is 200 orders~12500 orders " upper deposition of titanium oxide, and do not relate to shell nuclear formula TiO
2Other alloy; Application number is 200810114788.3 Chalco Co., Ltd patent of invention, discloses " alumina group/nano titanium dioxide-nucleus/shell structure composite microballoons and preparation method thereof "; Application number is Inner Mongol University of Technology's patent of invention of 200810115333.3, at SILICA FUME surface parcel titanium dioxide shell; Application number is University Of Tianjin's patent of invention of 200910229191.8, discloses " method of preparing cuprous oxide/titanium dioxide core-shell structure array film through AC electro-deposition "; Application number is 200910049772.3 Donghua University, discloses " preparation of the polystyrene/titanium dioxide composite photocatalyst of core/shell structure "; Application number is 200910063398.2 Xiaogan College patent of invention, discloses " a kind of preparation method of nano silicon dioxide coated by nano titanium dioxide "; Application number is Chinese Aluminium Co., Ltd's patent of invention of 200910087741.7, discloses " a kind of preparation method of nickel ferrite based magnetic loaded type titanium dioxide photo-catalyst "; 201010117236.5 the Changchun University of Science and Technology's patent of invention with 201010117273.6 discloses respectively " a kind of method for preparing zinc titanate@titanium dioxide multi nano-cable " and " a kind of preparation method of nickel titanate@titanium dioxide multi nano-cable "; Application number is Changchun University of Science and Technology's patent of invention of 201010117247.3, discloses " a kind of method for preparing the tin dioxide titanium dioxide nano cable "; Application number is Heilongjiang University's patent of invention of 201010231365.7, discloses " carbon-titanium dioxide chromatography of core-shell structure is preparation method and the application of phase fixedly "; Application number is University Of Tianjin's patent of invention of 201010278619.0, discloses the method for doping magnetic particles of ferroferric oxide " a kind of in titania nanotube "; Application number is No.52 Inst., Ministry of Chinese Weapons Industry's patent of invention of 201010519320.X, discloses " a kind of Ni/TiO with electromagnetic coupled effect
2Base emr fluid and preparation method thereof "; In addition, some patent is take other material as shell, titanium dioxide is implemented parcel, just in time opposite with the shell nuclear order of " titanium dioxide (shell)-alloy (nuclear) composite " of this patent, be 200610117441.5 and Shanghai dongsheng New Materials Co., Ltd's patent of 200610117442.X etc. such as application number.
Except above-mentioned patent, do not find so far the patent that other is relevant with " titanium dioxide (shell)-alloy (nuclear) composite ".
In sum, all relate in the patent of invention of " modifying titania-doped " so far, and the alloy that consists of core-shell structure with titanium dioxide only is vanadium oxide (V
2O
5), argent (Ag), barium sulfate (BaSO
4), the sulfuration every (CdS), cadmium selenide (CdSe), kaolin Al
2(Si
2O
5) (OH)
4, mica KAl
2(AlSi
3O
10) (OH)
2, carbon (C), SILICA FUME (Si), nickel (Ni), silica (SiO
2), iron oxide (Fe
2O
3), tri-iron tetroxide (Fe
3O
4), cuprous oxide (Cu
2O), cupric oxide (CuO), zinc oxide (ZnO), tin oxide (SnO
2), nickel ferrite based magnetic loaded (NiFe
2O
4), cobalt ferrite (CoFe
2O
4), zinc titanate (ZnTiO
3), nickel titanate (NiTiO
3), zinc ferrite (ZnFe
2O
4), aluminium oxide (Al
2O
3), polystyrene, and the alloy that does not consist of core-shell structure with titanium dioxide is cerium (Ce), tungsten oxide (WO
3), blue tungsten oxide (W
20O
58), purple tungsten oxide (W
18O
49), platinum oxide (PtO
2), magnesia (MgO) etc.Preparation titanium dioxide (shell)-alloy (nuclear) composite has that raw material cheapness, technique are brief, pollution less with the advantages such as cost is low, market prospects are wide.Yet except above-mentioned patent, the patent of this class titanium dioxide (shell)-alloy (nuclear) composite and document are but still not abundant so far, can not provide sufficient technological guidance for enterprise produces.
Summary of the invention
The present invention seeks to development and address the above problem, and cost is low, technique is brief, pollute less, multiple titanium dioxide (shell) that can suitability for industrialized production-alloy (nuclear) composite and preparation method thereof.
Titanium dioxide of the present invention (shell)-alloy (nuclear) composite is characterized in that titanium dioxide and alloy are core-shell structure, and titanium dioxide (TiO
2) for the shell alloy is nuclear, alloy is defined as one or more in the following material:
Tungstic acid (WO
3), blue tungsten oxide (W
20O
58), purple tungsten oxide (W
18O
49), iron titanate (FeTiO
3), ferrous tungstate (FeWO
4), Manganese Ferrite (MnFe
2O
4), barium monoxide (Bi
2O
3), cerium sesquioxide (Ce
2O
3), cerium oxide (CeO
2), lanthana (La
2O
3), iron oxide hydroxide (FeOOH), manganese titanate (MnTiO
3), antimony oxide (Sb
2O
3), antimony doped tin oxide (ATO), fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO), Al-Doped ZnO (AZO), tin-doped indium oxide (ITO), mix tin zinc oxide (ZTO), Zirconium-doped yttria (YZO), gallium-doped zinc oxide (GZO), mix zinc indium oxide (IZO), mix gallium indium zinc oxide (IZGO), bismuth tungstate (Bi
2WO
6), pucherite (BiVO
4), niobium oxide (Nb
2O
5), strontium titanates (SrTiO
3), the alkaline earth aluminate of rear-earth-doped activation or the silicate (MOaAl of rear-earth-doped activation
2O
3BSiO
2: RE, a=0~7 wherein, b=0~10, M is one or more in the metallic elements such as calcium Ca, strontium Sr, barium Ba, magnesium Mg, zinc Zn, RE is one or more rare earth elements, for example the europium dysprosium magnesium silicate strontium Sr that mixes and activate
2MgSi
2O
7: Eu, Dy etc.), the luminescent powder of parcel tungsten oxide (or iron oxide, silica) thin layer.
The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
Preparation titanium dioxide (shell)-alloy (nuclear) composite comprises following three steps.
The first step, single alloy or its presoma of disperseing
With alloy or its presoma (micron order or nano level ball, rod, pipe, particle etc.; commercially available or the self-control; its preparation method is not within this patent protection), with the supersonic gas atomizing or be diffused in the liquid and other medium, form monodispersed alloy or its presoma.
Second step, parcel mixes
Monodispersed alloy or its presoma are introduced in the reactor, imported again the titanium-containing compound that can generate nano titanium oxide, mix rear initiation reaction, preparation titanium dioxide (shell)-alloy (nuclear) composite.
The 3rd step, post processing
High annealing is optimized the degree of crystallinity of titanium dioxide (shell)-alloy (nuclear) composite, improves its photocatalyst activity.Titanium dioxide (shell)-alloy (nuclear) composite is made powdery product or be dispersed in formation coating fluid product or immobilized in other body surface formation photocatalyst material in the liquid.
The present invention has the following advantages:
Through enforcement of the present invention, when reducing environmental pollution, reduce energy consumption and reducing process costs, prepare dynamical multiple titanium dioxide (shell)-alloy (nuclear) composite, can not produce secondary pollution.
Description of drawings
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing the present invention is further introduced, but not as limiting to the invention.
Fig. 1 is titanium dioxide (the shell)-image of alloy (nuclear) composite under SEM.
Fig. 2 is titanium dioxide (the shell)-image of alloy (nuclear) composite under transmission electron microscope.
In the drawings, 1 titanium dioxide shell, 2 alloys nuclear.
The specific embodiment
Multiple titanium dioxide (shell) among the present invention-alloy (nuclear) composite is characterized in that titanium dioxide and alloy are core-shell structure, and titanium dioxide is that shell and alloy are nuclear, and their preparation method is:
The first step, single alloy or its presoma of disperseing.
Second step, parcel mixes.
The 3rd step, post processing.
" alloy " in the first step is defined as one or more in the following compound:
Tungstic acid (WO
3), blue tungsten oxide (W
20O
58), purple tungsten oxide (W
18O
49), iron titanate (FeTiO
3), ferrous tungstate (FeWO
4), Manganese Ferrite (MnFe
2O
4), barium monoxide (Bi
2O
3), cerium sesquioxide (Ce
2O
3), cerium oxide (CeO
2), lanthana (La
2O
3), iron oxide hydroxide (FeOOH), manganese titanate (MnTiO
3), antimony oxide (Sb
2O
3), antimony doped tin oxide (ATO), fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO), Al-Doped ZnO (AZO), tin-doped indium oxide (ITO), mix tin zinc oxide (ZTO), Zirconium-doped yttria (YZO), gallium-doped zinc oxide (GZO), mix zinc indium oxide (IZO), mix gallium indium zinc oxide (IZGO), bismuth tungstate (Bi
2WO
6), pucherite (BiVO
4), niobium oxide (Nb
2O
5), strontium titanates (SrTiO
3), the alkaline earth aluminate of rear-earth-doped activation or the silicate (MOaAl of rear-earth-doped activation
2O
3BSiO
2: RE, a=0~7 wherein, b=0~10, M is one or more in the metallic elements such as calcium Ca, strontium Sr, barium Ba, magnesium Mg, zinc Zn, RE is one or more rare earth elements, for example the europium dysprosium magnesium silicate strontium Sr that mixes and activate
2MgSi
2O
7: Eu, Dy etc.), the luminescent powder of parcel tungsten oxide (or iron oxide, silica) thin layer.
Fig. 1 is TiO
2 Nano particle shell 1 is wrapped in the pictorial diagram that spherical alloy is examined 2 surfaces, and large figure is that SEM is taken, and upper right corner illustration is the enlarged image that transmission electron microscope is taken.
Be TiO among Fig. 2
2 Nano particle shell 1 is wrapped in the pictorial diagram that the clavate alloy is examined 2 surfaces, and transmission electron microscope is taken.
Embodiment 1:TiCl
4Flame hydrolysis prepares titanium dioxide (shell)-alloy (nuclear) composite
The first step is got 1 mole of alloy or its presoma (W for example
20O
58Or its presoma WCl
6), ultrasonic atomizatio forms the gas phase single particle and imports in the suitable reactor by oxygen in aerosol generator.Second step is with the titanium tetrachloride (TiCl after 1~10 mole of gasification
4) import to (TiCl in the reactor by hydrogen
4Molal quantity is with W
20O
58Deng alloy or its presoma WCl
6Particle size is 1~10 adjustment).TiCl in the reactor
4, hydrogen and oxygen flow be controlled as TiCl
4: H
2: O
2=1: 2: 1 (molal quantity ratio), evenly mixing and ignition reaction, oxyhydrogen flame high temperature generates water and facilitates TiCl
4At W
20O
58Deng alloy or its presoma WCl
6The moment hydrolysis of gas phase single particle surface, WCl simultaneously
6Generate W Deng presoma also pyrohydrolysis
20O
58Deng alloy, end product is TiO
2-W
20O
58Deng titanium dioxide (shell)-alloy (nuclear) particle and accessory substance HCl gas, the latter extracts and makes the byproducts such as hydrochloric acid, TiO out by low pressure cooling system
2-W
20O
58From reactor, isolate by cyclone separator or filter plant Deng titanium dioxide (shell)-alloy (nuclear) pressed powder.The 3rd step, the titanium dioxide of this explained hereafter (shell)-alloy (nuclear) composite has good degree of crystallinity not need again high annealing, can be directly for powdery product or utilize the tables of equipment such as ultrasonic wave to be dispersed in to form the coating fluid product in the liquid such as water or utilize that inorganic bond etc. is immobilized forms photocatalyst material in other body surface.The main chemical reactions equation of this technique is that (doping represents W
20O
58Deng alloy):
TiCl
4(g)+2H
2(g)+O
2(g)→TiO
2(s)+4HCl(g)
TiO
2(Shell)+doping(Core)→TiO
2-doping
Embodiment 2:TiCl
4Gaseous oxidation prepares titanium dioxide (shell)-alloy (nuclear) composite
The first step is got 1 mole of alloy or its presoma (Bi for example
2O
3Or its precursor B iCl
3), ultrasonic atomizatio forms the gas phase single particle and imports in the suitable reactor by oxygen in aerosol generator.Second step is with the titanium tetrachloride (TiCl after 1~10 mole of gasification
4) import to (TiCl in the reactor by nitrogen
4Molal quantity is with Bi
2O
3Deng alloy or its precursor B iCl
3Particle size is 1~10 adjustment).TiCl in the control reactor
4: O
2=1: 1 (molal quantity ratio) evenly mixed and ignition reaction TiCl
4Oxidation generates TiO
2And be deposited on Bi
2O
3Deng alloy or its precursor B iCl
3Gas phase single particle surface, BiCl simultaneously
3Generate Bi Deng presoma also high-temperature oxydation
2O
3Deng alloy, end product is TiO
2-Bi
2O
3Deng titanium dioxide (shell)-alloy (nuclear) particle and accessory substance Cl
2, the latter extracts byproducts such as making hypochlorous acid, TiO out by low pressure cooling system
2-Bi
2O
3From reactor, isolate by cyclone separator or filter plant Deng titanium dioxide (shell)-alloy (nuclear) pressed powder.The 3rd step, the titanium dioxide of this explained hereafter (shell)-alloy (nuclear) composite has good degree of crystallinity not need again high annealing, can be directly for powdery product or utilize the tables of equipment such as ultrasonic wave to be dispersed in to form the coating fluid product in the liquid such as water or utilize that inorganic bond etc. is immobilized forms photocatalyst material in other body surface.The main chemical reactions equation of this technique is that (doping represents Bi
2O
3Deng alloy):
TiCl
4(g)+O
2(g)→TiO
2(s)+2Cl
2(g)
TiO
2(Shell)+doping(Core)→TiO
2-doping
Embodiment 3:TiCl
4Liquid-phase hydrolysis prepares titanium dioxide (shell)-alloy (nuclear) composite
The first step is got 1 mole of alloy or its presoma (Sb for example
2O
3Or its presoma SbCl
3), ultrasonic being dispersed in the liquid mediums such as water forms single particle.Second step adds 1~10 mole of titanium tetrachloride (TiCl gradually
4) liquid (TiCl in reactor
4Molal quantity is with Sb
2O
3Deng alloy or its presoma SbCl
3Particle size is 1~10 adjustment), TiCl in the control reactor
4: H
2O=1: 1 (molal quantity ratio), TiCl
4Hydrolysis generates TiO
2And be deposited on Sb
2O
3Deng alloy or its presoma SbCl
3Liquid phase single particle surface, SbCl simultaneously
3Also be hydrolyzed generation Sb Deng presoma
2O
3Deng alloy, end product is TiO
2-Sb
2O
3Deng titanium dioxide (shell)-alloy (nuclear) particle and accessory substance HCl, the former isolates rear drying from reactor, and HCl can be made into the byproducts such as hydrochloric acid.The 3rd step, the titanium dioxide of this explained hereafter (shell)-alloy (nuclear) composite needs 450-500 ℃ of calcining annealing optimizing degree of crystallinity, can be directly for powdery product or utilize the tables of equipment such as ultrasonic wave to be dispersed in to form the coating fluid product in the liquid such as water or utilize that inorganic bond etc. is immobilized forms photocatalyst material in other body surface.The main chemical reactions equation of this technique is that (doping represents Sb
2O
3Deng alloy):
TiCl
4+2H
2O→TiO
2+4HCl
TiO
2(Shell)+doping(Core)→TiO
2-doping
Embodiment 4: the thermal decomposition of titanium alkoxide gas phase prepares titanium dioxide (shell)-alloy (nuclear) composite
The first step is got 1 mole of alloy or its presoma (the magnesium silicate strontium that mix to activate of europium dysprosium for example, Sr
2MgSi
2O
7: Eu, Dy), ultrasonic atomizatio forms the gas phase single particle and imports in the thermal decomposition furnace by carrier gas in aerosol generator, carrier gas is helium, nitrogen or argon gas, below identical.Second step is with the organic titanium alkoxide after 1~10 mole of gasification, for example tetrabutyl titanate Ti (OC
4H
9)
4, import to by carrier gas that (the tetrabutyl titanate molal quantity is with Sr in the thermal decomposition furnace
2MgSi
2O
7: Eu, the alloy such as Dy or its presoma particle size are 1~10 adjustment).Start pyrolysis after evenly mixing, titanium alkoxide pyrolytic generates TiO
2And be deposited on Sr
2MgSi
2O
7: Eu, the gas phase single particle surface of the alloys such as Dy, end product is TiO
2-(Sr
2MgSi
2O
7: Eu, Dy) etc. titanium dioxide (shell)-alloy (nuclear) particle and accessory substance alkene.The latter extracts out by low pressure cooling system and makes other byproduct, TiO
2-(Sr
2MgSi
2O
7: Eu, Dy) etc. titanium dioxide (shell)-alloy (nuclear) product isolate from reactor by cyclone separator or filter plant.The 3rd step, the titanium dioxide of this explained hereafter (shell)-alloy (nuclear) composite needs 450-500 ℃ of calcining annealing optimizing degree of crystallinity, can be directly for powdery product or utilize the tables of equipment such as ultrasonic wave to be dispersed in to form the coating fluid product in the liquid such as water or utilize that inorganic bond etc. is immobilized forms photocatalyst material in other body surface.The main chemical reactions equation of this technique is that (doping represents Sr
2MgSi
2O
7: Eu, the alloys such as Dy):
Ti(OC
4H
9)
4(g)→TiO
2(s)+2H
2O(g)+4C
4H
8(g)
TiO
2(Shell)+doping(Core)→TiO
2-doping
Embodiment 5: titanium alkoxide vapor phase hydrolysis prepares titanium dioxide (shell)-alloy (nuclear) composite
The first step is got 1 mole of alloy or its presoma (for example antimony doped tin oxide ATO), and ultrasonic atomizatio forms the gas phase single particle and imports in the reactor with carrier gas in aerosol generator, and carrier gas is the mist of nitrogen and steam.Second step is with the titanium alkoxide after 1~10 mole of gasification, for example tetrabutyl titanate Ti (OC
4H
9)
4Import reacting furnace (tetrabutyl titanate molal quantity with the alloy such as ATO or its presoma particle size 1~10 adjustment) with nitrogen, titanium alkoxide in the control reactor: water=1: 2 (molal quantity ratio), begin the vapor phase hydrolysis reaction after evenly mixing, titanium alkoxide vapor phase hydrolysis generates TiO
2And being deposited on the gas phase single particle surface of the alloys such as ATO, end product is TiO
2The titanium dioxide such as-ATO (shell)-alloy (nuclear) particle and by-product alcohol, the latter extracts out by low pressure cooling system and makes other byproduct, TiO
2The titanium dioxide such as-ATO (shell)-alloy (nuclear) product is isolated from reactor by cyclone separator or filter plant.The 3rd step, the titanium dioxide of this explained hereafter (shell)-alloy (nuclear) composite needs 450-500 ℃ of calcining annealing optimizing degree of crystallinity, can be directly for powdery product or utilize the tables of equipment such as ultrasonic wave to be dispersed in to form the coating fluid product in the liquid such as water or utilize that inorganic bond etc. is immobilized forms photocatalyst material in other body surface.The main chemical reactions equation of this technique is (doping represents the alloys such as ATO, and R represents alkyl):
Ti(OR)
4(g)+4H
2O→Ti(OH)
4(s)+4ROH(g)
Ti(OH)
4(s)→TiO
2·H
2O(g)+H
2O
TiO
2·H
2O(g)→TiO
2+H
2O(g)
TiO
2(Shell)+doping(Core)→TiO
2-doping
Embodiment 6: titanium alkoxide liquid-phase hydrolysis prepares titanium dioxide (shell)-alloy (nuclear) composite
The first step is got 1 mole of alloy or its presoma (strontium titanates SrTiO for example
3), ultrasonic being dispersed in the liquid mediums such as water forms single particle.Second step adds 1~10 mole of titanium alkoxide in reactor, for example tetrabutyl titanate Ti (OC gradually
4H
9)
4(titanium alkoxide molal quantity is with strontium titanates SrTiO
3Deng the alloy particle size 1~10 adjustment), titanium alkoxide in the control reactor: water=1: 2 (molal quantity ratio), titanium hydrolysis of alkoxide generate TiO
2And be deposited on SrTiO
3On the liquid phase single particle surface of alloy, end product is TiO
2-SrTiO
3Deng titanium dioxide (shell)-alloy (nuclear) particle and by-product alcohol, the latter makes other byproduct after centrifugation, and titanium dioxide (shell)-alloy (nuclear) is isolated rear drying from reactor.The 3rd step, the TiO of this explained hereafter
2-SrTiO
3Need 450-500 ℃ of calcining annealing optimizing degree of crystallinity Deng titanium dioxide (shell)-alloy (nuclear) composite, can be directly for powdery product or utilize the tables of equipment such as ultrasonic wave to be dispersed in to form the coating fluid product in the liquid such as water or utilize that inorganic bond etc. is immobilized forms photocatalyst material in other body surface.The main chemical reactions equation of this technique is that (doping represents SrTiO
3Deng alloy, R represents alkyl):
Ti(OR)
4(g)+2H
2O→TiO
2(s)+4ROH(g)
TiO
2(Shell)+doping(Core)→TiO
2-doping
Embodiment 7: the titanyl sulfate vapor phase hydrolysis prepares titanium dioxide (shell)-alloy (nuclear) composite
The first step is got 1 mole of alloy or its presoma and (is for example wrapped up the luminescent powder of tungsten oxide thin layer, be labeled as WO
3-luminescent powder), ultrasonic atomizatio forms the gas phase single particle and imports in the reactor with carrier gas in aerosol generator, and carrier gas is air or oxygen.Second step is with the titanyl sulfate (TiOSO after 1~10 mole of gasification
4) import to (TiOSO in the reactor by hydrogen
4Molal quantity with the alloy particle size such as luminescent powder of parcel tungsten oxide thin layer 1~10 adjustment), TiOSO in the control reactor
4: H
2: O
2=2: 2: 1 (molal quantity ratio), evenly mixing and ignition reaction, the titanyl sulfate pyrohydrolysis generates TiO
2And the gas phase single particle that is deposited on the alloys such as luminescent powder that wrap up the tungsten oxide thin layer is surperficial, and end product is TiO
2-(WO
3-luminescent powder) titanium dioxide (shell)-alloy (nuclear) particle and the accessory substance H such as
2SO
4, the latter makes the byproducts such as sulfuric acid after centrifugation, and titanium dioxide (shell)-alloy (nuclear) pressed powder is isolated from reactor by cyclone separator or filter plant subsequently.The 3rd step, the TiO of this explained hereafter
2-(WO
3-luminescent powder) etc. titanium dioxide (shell)-alloy (nuclear) composite need not calcined annealing, can be directly for powdery product or utilize the tables of equipment such as ultrasonic wave to be dispersed in to form the coating fluid product in the liquid such as water or utilize that inorganic bond etc. is immobilized forms photocatalyst material in other body surface.The main chemical reactions equation of this technique is (alloys such as luminescent powder of doping representative parcel tungsten oxide thin layer, R represents alkyl):
2TiOSO
4(g)+2H
2(g)+O
2(g)→2TiO
2+2H
2SO
4
TiO
2(Shell)+doping(Core)→TiO
2-doping
Embodiment 8: the titanyl sulfate liquid-phase hydrolysis prepares titanium dioxide (shell)-alloy (nuclear) composite
The first step is got 1 mole of alloy or its presoma (bismuth tungstate Bi for example
2WO
6), ultrasonic being dispersed in the liquid mediums such as water forms single particle.Second step adds 1~10 mol sulfuric acid oxygen titanium (TiOSO gradually
4) (the titanyl sulfate molal quantity is with Bi in reactor
2WO
6Deng the alloy particle size 1~10 adjustment), control reactor in TiOSO
4: H
2O=1: 1 (molal quantity ratio), the titanyl sulfate hydrolysis generates TiO
2And be deposited on Bi
2WO
6On the liquid phase single particle surface of alloy, end product is TiO
2-Bi
2WO
6Deng titanium dioxide (shell)-alloy (nuclear) particle and accessory substance H
2SO
4, the latter makes the byproducts such as sulfuric acid, TiO after centrifugation
2-Bi
2WO
6From reactor, separate rear dry Deng titanium dioxide (shell)-alloy (nuclear).The 3rd step, the titanium dioxide of this explained hereafter (shell)-alloy (nuclear) composite needs 450-500 ℃ of calcining annealing optimizing degree of crystallinity, can be directly for powdery product or utilize the tables of equipment such as ultrasonic wave to be dispersed in to form the coating fluid product in the liquid such as water or utilize that inorganic bond etc. is immobilized forms photocatalyst material in other body surface.The main chemical reactions equation of this technique is that (doping represents Bi
2WO
6Deng alloy, R represents alkyl):
TiOSO
4+H
2O→TiO
2+H
2SO
4
TiO
2(Shell)+doping(Core)→TiO
2-doping
The described multiple titanium dioxide of this patent (shell)-alloy (nuclear) composite is eight kinds of explained hereafter in the available above specific embodiment all, and the taken amount of each raw material enlarges in proportion with the reactor size or dwindles, and does not affect the quality of product.
Usefulness of the present invention is high, during preparation environmental pollution low, process costs is low, can the industrialization volume production, can be widely used in titanium dioxide (shell)-alloy (nuclear) composite and make the field.
Claims (2)
1. titanium dioxide (shell)-alloy (nuclear) composite is characterized in that titanium dioxide and alloy are core-shell structure, and titanium dioxide (TiO
2) for the shell alloy is nuclear, alloy is defined as one or more in the following material:
Tungstic acid (WO
3), blue tungsten oxide (W
20O
58), purple tungsten oxide (W
18O
49), iron titanate (FeTiO
3), ferrous tungstate (FeWO
4), Manganese Ferrite (MnFe
2O
4), barium monoxide (Bi
2O
3), cerium sesquioxide (Ce
2O
3), cerium oxide (CeO
2), lanthana (La
2O
3), iron oxide hydroxide (FeOOH), manganese titanate (MnTiO
3), antimony oxide (Sb
2O
3), antimony doped tin oxide (ATO), fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO), Al-Doped ZnO (AZO), tin-doped indium oxide (ITO), mix tin zinc oxide (ZTO), Zirconium-doped yttria (YZO), gallium-doped zinc oxide (GZO), mix zinc indium oxide (IZO), mix gallium indium zinc oxide (IZGO), bismuth tungstate (Bi
2WO
6), pucherite (BiVO
4), niobium oxide (Nb
2O
5), strontium titanates (SrTiO
3), the alkaline earth aluminate of rear-earth-doped activation or the silicate (MOaAl of rear-earth-doped activation
2O
3BSiO
2: RE, a=0~7 wherein, b=0~10, M is one or more in the metallic elements such as calcium Ca, strontium Sr, barium Ba, magnesium Mg, zinc Zn, RE is one or more rare earth elements, for example the europium dysprosium magnesium silicate strontium Sr that mixes and activate
2MgSi
2O
7: Eu, Dy etc.), the luminescent powder of parcel tungsten oxide (or iron oxide, silica) thin layer.
Titanium dioxide (shell)-alloy (nuclear) composite manufacture method is characterized in that:
The first step, single alloy or its presoma of disperseing
With alloy or its presoma (micron order or nano level ball, rod, pipe, particle etc.; commercially available or the self-control; its preparation method is not within this patent protection), with the supersonic gas atomizing or be diffused in the liquid and other medium, form monodispersed alloy or its presoma.
Second step, parcel mixes
Monodispersed alloy or its presoma are introduced in the reactor, imported again the titanium-containing compound that can generate nano titanium oxide, mix rear initiation reaction, preparation titanium dioxide (shell)-alloy (nuclear) composite.
The 3rd step, post processing
High annealing is optimized the degree of crystallinity of titanium dioxide (shell)-alloy (nuclear) composite, improves its photocatalyst activity.Titanium dioxide (shell)-alloy (nuclear) composite is made powdery product or be dispersed in formation coating fluid product or immobilized in other body surface formation photocatalyst material in the liquid.
2. titanium dioxide according to claim 1 (shell)-alloy (nuclear) composite is characterized in that: microscopic appearance comprises and is not limited to micron order or nano level ball, rod, pipe, particle etc.
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