CN102868997B - Local gateway information processing method and device - Google Patents
Local gateway information processing method and device Download PDFInfo
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- CN102868997B CN102868997B CN201110188098.4A CN201110188098A CN102868997B CN 102868997 B CN102868997 B CN 102868997B CN 201110188098 A CN201110188098 A CN 201110188098A CN 102868997 B CN102868997 B CN 102868997B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W8/00—Network data management
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- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
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- H04W48/20—Selecting an access point
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Abstract
The invention discloses local gateway information processing method and device, this method comprises the following steps：The lateral local network inquiry system of network sends inquiry request；Network side receives the response message that local network inquiry system is returned, wherein, the information of one or more local gateways is carried in response message.Solved by the present invention and do not disclose how network side gets problem caused by the information of local gateway in the prior art, and then may insure that the normal of remote access to local network network function is used.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the communications field, in particular to a kind of local gateway information processing method and device.
Background technology
Fig. 1 is according to evolved packet system of the prior art (Evolved Packet System, referred to as EPS)
Structural representation, as shown in figure 1, whole EPS points are wireless access network and core net two parts.In the core network, comprising ownership
Client server (Home Subscriber Server, referred to as HSS), mobile management unit are (for example, mobile management entity
(Mobility Management Entity, referred to as MME), Serving GPRS Support Node (Serving GPRS Support
Node, referred to as SGSN), policy charging rule function (Policy and Charging Rule Function, referred to as
PCRF), gateway (Serving Gateway, referred to as S-GW), packet data gateway (PDN Gateway, referred to as P-
) and packet data network (Packet Data Network, referred to as PDN) GW.The network element in Fig. 1 is illustrated below.
Home subscriber server, the home network contracted positioned at user, for forever depositing user contracting data.
Mobile management unit, the user contracting data for depositing current network, and it is responsible for the non-access of terminal to network
Layer signaling management, the safety verification function of terminal, the mobile management of terminal, the tracking under user's idle pulley and paging management
Function and bearer management.
Serving GPRS Support Node, is global system for mobile communications (Global System for Mobile
Communications, referred to as GSM), enhancing data transfer rate GSM evolution (Enhanced Data Rate for GSM
Evolution, referred to as EDGE), wireless access network (GSM EDGE Radio Access Network, referred to as GERAN) and
UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System, referred to as UMTS), land
Wireless access network (UMTS Terrestrial RadioAccess Network, referred to as UTRAN), user access core network network
Business support point, it is functionally similar with mobile management unit, be responsible for user location updating, paging management and bearer management
Deng.
Gateway, is gateway of the core net to wireless system, and user plane bearer, the terminal for being responsible for terminal to core net are empty
Data buffer storage, the function of network side initiating business request, Lawful Interception and packet routing and forwarding capability under not busy pattern；
Gateway is also responsible for counting user terminal and uses the situation of wireless network, and produces the ticket that terminal uses wireless network, sends to
Charging gateway.
Packet data gateway, is the gateway of evolution system and its exterior packet data network, be connected to internet and
On packet data network, it is responsible for the distribution of Internet protocol (Internet Protocol, referred to as IP) address, the charging of terminal
Function, packet packet filtering and policy control etc..
Packet data network, is the IP operation network of operator, and packet data network is use by the core net of operator
Family provides IP services.
Policy charging rule functional entity, is responsible offer charging control, online diameter credit control, thresholding control in evolution system
The server of system and service quality (Quality of Service, referred to as QoS) strategy aspect rule.
Wireless access network, is by evolution base station (Evolved Node B, referred to as eNB) and 3G radio network controllers
(Radio Network Controllor, referred to as RNC) is constituted, the transmitting-receiving of main responsible wireless signal, passes through air interface
And terminal contact, manage Radio Resource, scheduling of resource and the Access Control of air interface.
Above-mentioned Serving GPRS Support Node is the SGSN of upgrading, it would be preferable to support the S4 interfaces between gateway, and with
Using GPRS Tunnel Protocol version 2 (GPRS Tunneling Protocol version 2, letter between mobility management unit
Referred to as GTPv2) carry out intercommunication.For supporting the SGSN of 3G core nets, and packet switch (Packet Switching, referred to as
For PS) the domain network architecture is different with Fig. 1, and now SGSN is connected with MME using gn interface, and intercommunication uses GPRS Tunnel Protocol
Version 1 (GPRS Tunneling Protocol version 1, referred to as GTPv1)；SGSN can not be connected with gateway,
Need to be connected to Gateway GPRS Support Node (Gateway GPRS Support Node, referred to as GGSN) directly by gn interface
Tap into the access of row packet data network.
(Home eNodeB are referred to as base station from home (Home NodeB, referred to as HNB) or the base station from home of evolution
HeNB it is) that a class is small-sized, low-power base station, as the dedicated resources of certain user, is deployed in family, group, company or
The private sites such as school are used, and are mainly used in providing the user with higher service rate and are reduced using required for high rate services
Expense, while making up the deficiency of existing distributed cellular radio communication system covering.
Fig. 2 a to Fig. 2 c are the signal group figures of the wireless side network element core network access according to prior art.As shown in Figure 2 a,
Base station from home can be directly connected to core net.As shown in Fig. 2 b and Fig. 2 c, base station from home can also pass through home base-station gateway
This logical ne is linked into core network.Home base-station gateway major function is to verify the security of base station from home, handles house
With the registration of base station, operation maintenance management is carried out to base station from home, base station from home is configured and controlled according to Carrier Requirements, is responsible for
The data of exchcange core net and base station from home.
As shown in Fig. 2 a, 2b and 2c, in order to realize local IP access function (including local IP access (Local IP
Access, referred to as LIPA) or selectivity IP transmission shunting (Selected IP Traffic Offload, referred to as
SIPTO)), i.e. the local access of other IP devices of terminal-pair home network, the IP device in enterprise network or internet, increases
If local gateway (Local Gateway, referred to as LGW).What local access network was closed, which sets up, can be provided to local IP access technology
Provide powerful support for, local gateway can with wireless side network element close set or near wireless side network element (i.e. external), can also and family
Closed and set or near home base-station gateway (i.e. external) with base-station gateway；Wherein, local gateway includes local S-GW (Local
SGW, referred to as L-SGW), local PGW (Local PGW, referred to as L-PGW), local GGSN (Local GGSN, referred to as L-
) and external local GW etc. GGSN.
In mobile communications network framework, the user for supporting local IP access can set up the number of local IP access simultaneously
The data path accessed according to path and traditional core net.Fig. 3 is visited according to local IP access of the prior art and traditional core net
The schematic diagram for the data path asked, as shown in figure 3, for the connection (also referred to as locality connection) of local IP access, local IP access number
According to path from terminal to wireless side network element to local access network close (for example, L-SGW, L-PGW, L-GGSN), data transfer without
Cross core net.In order to realize the local access of other IP devices of terminal-pair home network or internet, two companies can be set up
Connect, first local IP access data path is used to directly access internet (internet ip is connected, i.e. SIPTO connections), Article 2
Local IP access data path is used for directly other IP devices (home network IP connections, i.e. LIPA connections) of access home network.
In mobile communications network framework, network can not only provide local IP access function, moreover it is possible to provide remote access local
Network function (Managed Remote Access to home based network, referred to as MRA).Remote access is local
Network function is wireless side network element access of the terminal outside local network, is accessed in home network in IP device, enterprise network
IP device.User for supporting remote access to local network network, the data path that traditional core net is accessed can be set up simultaneously
With the data path of remote access to local network network.
In order to realize the wireless side network element access of remote access to local network network function, i.e. terminal outside local network, think
The IP device in the IP device or enterprise network in accessing local network is wanted, local access network is additionally arranged and closes (or for LAN
Close), what local access network was closed sets up to provide remote access to local network network technology is provided powerful support for.Local gateway can and this
Ground wireless side network element is closed and set or near the network element of local wireless side (i.e. external), can also be closed with local home base-station gateway set or
Near local home base-station gateway (i.e. external)；Wherein, local gateway can include local S-GW (L-SGW), local PGW
(L-PGW), local GGSN (Local GGSN) and external local GW (L-GW) etc..To realize remote access to local network network
The local gateway function that function is set up is similar with local gateway function in local IP access.
In order to support remote access to local network network function, it is necessary to which local network owner supports remote access, and opens
Remote access to local network network function, i.e. local network have MRA abilities, and open MRA functions.When terminal from local network it
Outer wireless side network element access, during request accessing local network business, network side is needed for terminal remote accessing local network institute
The local gateway set is closed in the connection selection of foundation.The IP device that can be accessed in local network by the local gateway terminal.If
Network side can not select suitable local gateway, then terminal can not realize remote access business, so as to cause user due to
The business can not be used and operator is complained, customer churn is in turn resulted in.And only propose locally visiting in the prior art
How is network side when selection local gateway is needed when asking connection, but connecting and remotely accesses for remote access to local network network
The information for getting the local gateway that conjunction is set is not disclosed but, so that result in can not select suitable local gateway.
The content of the invention
It is above-mentioned at least to solve it is a primary object of the present invention to provide a kind of local gateway information processing method and device
Problem.
According to an aspect of the invention, there is provided a kind of local gateway information processing method, comprises the following steps：Network
Lateral local network inquiry system sends inquiry request；The network side receives the response that the local network inquiry system is returned
Message, wherein, the information of one or more local gateways is carried in the response message.
Preferably, at least one of is carried in the inquiry request：It is local where APN, wireless side network element
The Base Station Identification of network identity, wireless side network element.
Preferably, the information of the local gateway includes at least one of：It is the address information of the local gateway, described
It is home network identification residing for the remote access to local network network function MRA abilities of local gateway, the local gateway, described local
The Base Station Identification that gateway is supported.
Preferably, the lateral local network inquiry system of network sends inquiry request, wherein, the query messages carry MRA
Ability；The network side receives the response message that the local network inquiry system is returned, wherein, carried in the response message
There is the information for the one or more local gateways for supporting MRA abilities.
Preferably, the network side includes mobile management unit.
Preferably, the mobile management unit sends the inquiry request to the local network inquiry system and included：Institute
State mobile management unit receiving after packet data network PDN connections set up request message or Attach Request message, to institute
State local network inquiry system and send the inquiry request.
Preferably, the mobile management unit receive the response message that the local network inquiry system returns it
Afterwards, in addition to：The PDN connections set up request message or the Attach Request message request set up be MRA connections, then it is described
Mobile management unit selection supports the local gateway of MRA abilities to set up connection；And/or, the PDN connections set up request message or
What the Attach Request message request was set up is that local IP access is connected, also, the signing of user equipment or the moving tube
Managing unit configuration allows the user equipment remote access to local network network, then MRA abilities are supported in the mobile management unit selection
Local gateway set up local IP access connection.
Preferably, in the case where the mobile management unit receives Attach Request message, methods described also includes：Institute
State mobile management unit and at least one of is sent to Authentication Authorization server in the last of attachment flow：APN,
Address information, the MRA abilities of local gateway；The Authentication Authorization server preserves what is received from the mobile management unit
Information.
Preferably, the mobile management unit sends the inquiry request to the local network inquiry system and included：Source
Mobile management unit receives handover request message；The source mobile management unit sends institute to the local network inquiry system
Inquiry request is stated, wherein, carry at least one of in the inquiry request：Where APN, Target Wireless side network element
Home network identification, the Base Station Identification of Target Wireless side network element.
Preferably, what the source mobile management unit received that the local network inquiry system returns carries LAN
After the response message of the address information of pass, methods described also includes：It is local that the source mobile management unit is relatively received
The address information of the local gateway of the address information of gateway and the source wireless side network element locally preserved, if unanimously, it is determined that energy
Locally-attached continuity is enough kept, if it is inconsistent, deactivation locality connection.
Preferably, methods described also includes：If home network identification and foundation where the network element of the Target Wireless side
Locally-attached home network identification it is inconsistent, then the source mobile management unit according to when setting up locality connection from described
The MRA abilities inquired about in ground network inquiry system judge whether to keep locally-attached continuity, wherein, if local gateway branch
Hold MRA abilities, it is determined that locally-attached continuity can be kept, the locality connection is transformed into MRA connections, otherwise, gone
Locality connection living.
Preferably, the mobile management unit sends the inquiry request to the local network inquiry system and included：Mesh
Mark mobile management unit receives tracing section updating request message；The target mobile management unit is inquired about to the local network
System sends the inquiry request, wherein, carry at least one of in the inquiry request：APN, Target Wireless
Home network identification, the Base Station Identification of Target Wireless side network element where the network element of side.
Preferably, the target mobile management unit receives the carrying local gateway that the local network inquiry system is returned
Address information response message after, methods described also includes：The target mobile management unit response message
The address information of the local gateway of middle carrying and the address information of the local gateway got from source mobile management unit, such as
Fruit is consistent, it is determined that can keep locally-attached continuity, otherwise determines that locally-attached continuity can not be supported.
Preferably, methods described also includes：The target mobile management unit gets MRA energy from source mobile management unit
The home network identification of power and source wireless side network element；The LAN of the target mobile management unit comparison object wireless side network element
The home network identification of network mark and the source wireless side network element got from the source mobile management unit, inconsistent
In the case of, the target mobile management unit judges whether to keep locally-attached continuity according to the MRA abilities, wherein,
If local gateway supports MRA abilities, it is determined that can keep locally-attached continuity, the locality connection is transformed into
MRA connections, otherwise, locality connection are deactivated by the source mobile management unit.
Preferably, before the lateral local network inquiry system of the network sends the inquiry request, the side
Method also includes：The registration that the local network inquiry system receives the information for carrying the local gateway from local gateway please
Seek message and/or update request message.
Preferably, the information of the local gateway of carrying includes at least one of：The IP address of the local gateway, should
Base Station Identification that the APN that local gateway is supported, the home network identification residing for the local gateway, local gateway are supported,
The MRA abilities of the local gateway.
Preferably, the local network inquiry system is：Domain name system, wireless side Element management system or set in advance
The new logic entity put.
According to another aspect of the present invention, a kind of local gateway information processor is additionally provided, including：Send mould
Block, for sending inquiry request to local network inquiry system；Receiving module, is returned for receiving the local network inquiry system
The response message returned, wherein, the information of one or more local gateways is carried in the response message.
Preferably, at least one of is carried in the inquiry request：It is local where APN, wireless side network element
The Base Station Identification of network identity, wireless side network element.
Preferably, the information of the local gateway includes at least one of：It is the address information of the local gateway, described
It is home network identification residing for the remote access to local network network function MRA abilities of local gateway, the local gateway, described local
The Base Station Identification that gateway is supported.
Preferably, the sending module, for sending inquiry request to local network inquiry system, wherein, the inquiry
Message carries MRA abilities；The receiving module, for receiving the response message that the local network inquiry system is returned, wherein,
The information for the one or more local gateways for supporting MRA abilities is carried in the response message.
By the present invention, solve do not disclose in the prior art remote access to local network network connection and remotely access when
How network side gets problem caused by the information of local gateway, and then may insure remote access to local network network function
Normally use.
Brief description of the drawings
Accompanying drawing described herein is used for providing a further understanding of the present invention, constitutes the part of the application, this hair
Bright schematic description and description is used to explain the present invention, does not constitute inappropriate limitation of the present invention.In the accompanying drawings：
Fig. 1 is the structural representation according to evolved packet system of the prior art；
Fig. 2 a are the schematic diagrames one according to wireless side network element core network access of the prior art；
Fig. 2 b are the schematic diagrames two according to wireless side network element core network access of the prior art；
Fig. 2 c are the schematic diagrames three according to wireless side network element core network access of the prior art；
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of the data path accessed according to local IP access of the prior art and traditional core net；
Fig. 4 is the flow chart of local gateway information processing method according to embodiments of the present invention；
Fig. 5 is the structured flowchart of local gateway information processor according to embodiments of the present invention；
Fig. 6 is local gateway dynamic registration according to embodiments of the present invention and the flow chart updated；
Fig. 7 is the flow chart that local gateway is selected when PDN connections according to embodiments of the present invention are set up；
Fig. 8 is the flow chart of selection local gateway in switching flow according to embodiments of the present invention；
Fig. 9 is the flow chart of selection local gateway during tracing section updating according to embodiments of the present invention；And,
Figure 10 is that local gateway and preservation local gateway are selected when user according to embodiments of the present invention initially adheres to
Flow chart.
Embodiment
Describe the present invention in detail below with reference to accompanying drawing and in conjunction with the embodiments.It should be noted that not conflicting
In the case of, the feature in embodiment and embodiment in the application can be mutually combined.
In the present embodiment there is provided a kind of local gateway information processing method, Fig. 4 is sheet according to embodiments of the present invention
The flow chart of ground gateway information processing method, as shown in figure 4, the flow comprises the following steps：
Step S402, the lateral local network inquiry system of network sends inquiry request；
Step S404, network side receives the response message that local network inquiry system is returned, wherein, taken in the response message
Information with one or more local gateways.
By above-mentioned steps, local network inquiry system is provided with a network, makes needs local by the inquiry system
The network side of gateway information can be inquired about to the system, so that the information of local gateway is got, it is suitable for selection
Local gateway provides the foundation.
In inquiry, network side can select the information carried in inquiry request according to actual conditions, for example, inquiry
At least one of can be carried in request：Sheet where APN, wireless side network element (for example, base station, base station from home)
The Base Station Identification of ground network identity, wireless side network element.Similarly, for local network inquiry system, its sheet that can be provided
The information of ground gateway can also be diversified, for example, the information of local gateway can include at least one of：LAN
The address information of pass, the remote access to local network network function MRA abilities of local gateway, the local network mark residing for local gateway
The Base Station Identification that knowledge, local gateway are supported.
For local network inquiry system, its mode for obtaining the information of local gateway has many kinds, in this implementation
A kind of mode most directly obtained is provided in example.That is, local network inquiry system receives carrying from local gateway
The login request message and/or renewal request message of the information of the local gateway.Preferably, the packet of the local gateway of carrying
Include at least one of：The IP address of the local gateway, the APN supported, the local network mark residing for the local gateway
Knowledge, the Base Station Identification of local gateway support, the MRA abilities of local gateway.
If it is desired to inquire about MRA abilities, in one preferably embodiment, MRA abilities can be carried in inquiry request,
Now, local network inquiry system can only carry the letter for the local gateway for supporting MRA abilities in the response message of its return
Breath, if multiple local gateways, can be carried in the response message by the way of list.
Local network inquiry system in the present embodiment can be set in the core network, can also be arranged on access network,
Network site residing for local network inquiry system has no effect on the implementation of the present embodiment, as long as network side can be with the LAN
Network inquiry system is communicated.Local network inquiry system can be realized using existing network element, such as domain name system
(Domain Name System, referred to as DNS), or, wireless side Element management system (H (e) NB Management
System, referred to as HMS), naturally it is also possible to (pre-set one or more logic entities using new logic entity and come real
The existing function).In a network there is provided after local network inquiry system, the network element of network side can be interacted therewith,
Existing interface can be used, new interface can also be increased.In the following preferred embodiment of the present embodiment, with network side
Mobile management unit exemplified by (described hereafter is three examples) illustrate, other network side elements are looked into local network
The mode for asking system interaction is same or similar with mobile management unit, will not be repeated here.
Example one
Mobile management unit can set up request message or Attach Request message receiving packet data network PDN connections
Afterwards, inquiry request is sent to local network inquiry system.
Preferably, request message is set up in PDN connections or Attach Request message request is set up is MRA connections, then moving tube
Managing Unit selection supports the local gateway of MRA abilities to set up connection；And/or, request message is set up in PDN connections or attach request disappears
What breath request was set up is local IP access connection, also, the signing of user equipment or mobile management unit configuration allow user
Equipment remote access to local network network, then mobile management unit selection supports the local gateway of MRA abilities to set up connection.
In this example, in order that user selects correspondence when asking MRA connections or local IP access link from non-3 GPP access
Local gateway, at least one of can be sent to Authentication Authorization server by mobile management unit：It is APN, local
Address information, the MRA abilities of gateway, then, Authentication Authorization server preserve the information received from mobile management unit.This
Sample can just obtain the information of local gateway by Authentication Authorization server.
Example two
Source mobile management unit can also be sent and look into after handover request message is received to local network inquiry system
Request is ask, wherein, at least one of is carried in inquiry request：LAN where APN, Target Wireless side network element
Network mark, the Base Station Identification of Target Wireless side network element.
In this example, source mobile management unit can be for judgement after the address information of local gateway is obtained
No to keep locally-attached continuity (certainly, the information of the local gateway is also used as other processing), i.e., source is moved
The ground of the local gateway of the address information for the local gateway that administrative unit is relatively received and the source wireless side network element locally preserved
Whether location information is consistent, if unanimously, it is determined that can keep locally-attached continuity, if it is inconsistent, deactivation is local
Connection.Certainly, judge whether that locally-attached continuous mode can be kept to be not only that this is a kind of, for example, it is also possible to be：Such as
Home network identification and locally-attached home network identification of foundation where the network element of fruit Target Wireless side is inconsistent, then source is moved
Dynamic administrative unit judges whether to keep local according to the MRA abilities inquired about from local network inquiry system when setting up locality connection
The continuity of connection, wherein, if local gateway supports MRA abilities, it is determined that locally-attached continuity can be kept, it incite somebody to action this
Ground connection is transformed into MRA connections, otherwise, deactivates locality connection.
Example three
Target mobile management unit can be after tracing section updating request message be received, to local network inquiry system
Inquiry request is sent, wherein, carry at least one of in the inquiry request：Where APN, Target Wireless side network element
Home network identification, the Base Station Identification of Target Wireless side network element.
In this example, target mobile management unit may also be used for sentencing after the address information of local gateway is obtained
It is disconnected whether to keep locally-attached continuity.I.e. target mobile management unit compares the local gateway carried in response message
Address information and the local gateway got from source mobile management unit address information, if unanimously, it is determined that Neng Goubao
Locally-attached continuity is held, otherwise determines that locally-attached continuity can not be supported.Identical with example two, judging whether can
Locally-attached continuity is kept to can also be：Target mobile management unit from source mobile management unit get MRA abilities and
Home network identification；The home network identification of target mobile management unit comparison object wireless side network element and from source mobile management list
The home network identification that member is got, in the case of inconsistencies, target mobile management unit judge whether to protect according to MRA abilities
Locally-attached continuity is held, wherein, if local gateway supports MRA abilities, it is determined that can keep locally-attached continuous
Property, locality connection is transformed into MRA connections, otherwise, locality connection is deactivated by source mobile management unit.
Interacting for mobile management entity and local network inquiry system has been illustrated by above three, but has been not limited to
This, can expand to the interaction of other network elements or type according to three above-mentioned examples.
In the present embodiment, a kind of local gateway information processor is additionally provided, the device is used to realize above-mentioned implementation
Example and its preferred embodiment, had carried out will not be repeated here for explanation, the module being related in the device had been entered below
Row explanation.The device is used to realize above-described embodiment and preferred embodiment, has carried out repeating no more for explanation.It is such as following
Used, term " module " can realize the combination of the software and/or hardware of predetermined function.Although described by following examples
Device preferably realized with software, but hardware, or the realization of the combination of software and hardware is also that may and be contemplated
's.
Fig. 5 is the structured flowchart of local gateway information processor according to embodiments of the present invention, as shown in figure 5, the dress
Put including：Sending module 52 and receiving module 54, are illustrated to the structure below.
Sending module 52, for sending inquiry request to local network inquiry system；Receiving module 54 is connected to transmission mould
Block 52, the response message for receiving the return of local network inquiry system, wherein, carried in the response message one or more
The information of local gateway.
Preferably, at least one of is carried in inquiry request：Local network where APN, wireless side network element
Mark, the Base Station Identification of wireless side network element.
Preferably, the information of local gateway includes at least one of：The address information of local gateway, local gateway it is remote
The Base Station Identification that home network identification, local gateway residing for journey accessing local network function MRA abilities, local gateway are supported.
Preferably, sending module 52, for sending inquiry request to local network inquiry system, wherein, query messages are taken
Band MRA abilities；Receiving module 54, the response message for receiving the return of local network inquiry system, wherein, taken in response message
Information with the one or more local gateways for supporting MRA abilities.
Illustrated below in conjunction with several preferred embodiments, following preferred embodiment combines above-described embodiment and preferred
Embodiment.In preferred embodiment below, wireless side network element access of the terminal outside local network sets up remote access originally
During ground network connection, network side goes local network inquiry system to inquire about local gateway address information；Terminal is accessed from local network
When setting up local IP access connection, network side goes to local network inquiry system with APN and home network identification or base station from home mark
System inquiry local gateway address information.Wireless side network element can be base station from home or base station.
Preferred embodiment one
Fig. 6 is local gateway dynamic registration according to embodiments of the present invention and the flow chart updated, as shown in fig. 6, at this
In preferred embodiment, dynamic registration can be sent and/or dynamic updates request, local network inquiry system receives local gateway
After login request message and/or config update request message, the information included in request message is saved.Return simultaneously local
Gateway registration response or config update response message.This is illustrated respectively below.
Local gateway (for example, can be in start after electricity) is to local network inquiry system dynamic registration, in its transmission
Local gateway IP address, APN, the home network identification residing for local gateway and/or local gateway are carried in login request message
The Base Station Identification of support, the MRA abilities of local gateway.
Local gateway can dynamically update, in matching somebody with somebody for its transmission after configuration information change to local network inquiry system
Put to update and local gateway IP address, APN, the home network identification residing for local gateway and/or LAN are carried in request message
Close the Base Station Identification supported, the MRA abilities of local gateway.
Local network inquiry system in preferred embodiment can be DNS, wireless side Element management system (HMS, H (e) NB
Management System) or new logic entity.
It can utilize existing if local network inquiry system is DNS, between network side and local network inquiry system
Interface and agreement realize the inquiry and response of local gateway；If local network inquiry system is HMS or new logic
Entity, then need newly-increased interface between network side and local network inquiry system, communication each other needs to use new agreement
To realize, the interface and agreement that newly-increased interface and agreement can be used between network side and DNS are similar.
If local gateway has MRA abilities, local gateway carries MRA abilities in request message, represents local gateway
Residing network owner can provide MRA business, and open MRA functions.MRA abilities can be a new parameter, such as one
New instruction or the combination of a new flag or existing parameter.So MRA abilities can be realized by newly-increased IE,
It can be realized by existing IE combination.If local gateway does not have MRA abilities, or local gateway has MRA abilities still
MRA functions are not turned on, then local gateway need not carry the MRA abilities of local gateway in request message.
If the local network residing for local gateway has home network identification, local gateway carries this in request message
Home network identification (for example, LHN-ID, LHN name) residing for ground gateway；Local gateway can also be taken in request message
The base station from home supported with local gateway identifies (for example, H (e) NB-ID, H (e) NB name).
Preferred embodiment two
In this preferred embodiment, base station or base station from home access of the terminal outside local network, it is desirable to which remote access is originally
MRA connections are set up in ground network, request；Or terminal is accessed inside local network, it is desirable to set up LIPA connections：
This preferred embodiment is applied to terminal and accesses EPC networks or GPRS network from GERAN/UTRAN/E-UTRAN.Such as
Fruit UE is accessed from GERAN/UTRAN, and base station from home is HNB, and base station is BSS or NodeB/RNC, and mobile management unit is
SGSN.It is activation PDP Context request message that request message is set up in the now connection between UE and SGSN.If UE is from E-
UTRAN is accessed, and base station from home is HeNB, and base station is eNB, and mobile management unit is MME.Base station from home net is there may be in network
Close, if there is home base-station gateway, then the message between base station from home and mobile management unit is required for by family expenses base
Stand gateway.Further the message between base station from home and local gateway, be able to can not also be passed through by home base-station gateway
Home base-station gateway.Scene for forwarding message by home base-station gateway, home base-station gateway is carried out to the message of process
Transparent transmission, the process of transparent transmission is unrelated with the present embodiment, does not repeat here.
Fig. 7 is the flow chart that local gateway is selected when PDN connections according to embodiments of the present invention are set up, as shown in fig. 7, should
Flow comprises the following steps：
Step S702, user terminal actively initiates PDN connections and sets up request, and MRA connections or LIPA connections are set up in request.
Step S704, mobile management unit receives PDN connections and set up after request message, with one of following parameter, or
Their combination：APN, the Base Station Identification for being currently accessed home network identification residing for base station, being currently accessed base station, to LAN
The address information of local gateway in network inquiry system inquiry local network.
Step S706, local network inquiry system returns to query response message to mobile management unit.Local network is inquired about
System is inquired about corresponding LGW addresses according to the parameter included in the inquiry request message received in the information locally preserved and believed
Breath, local network inquiry system returns to LGW address informations, MRA abilities, local gateway according to Query Result to mobile management unit
The Base Station Identification that residing home network identification and/or local gateway are supported.
The LGW address informations that local network inquiry system returns to mobile management unit can be a LGW address information,
Can also be a list for including multiple LGW address informations, if that the return of local network inquiry system is a LGW
List, then mobile management unit arbitrarily can select a LGW address in the LGW lists of return.
Mobile management unit preserves the LGW address informations, MRA abilities, the local network residing for local gateway that inquiry receives
The Base Station Identification that mark and/or local gateway are supported.
Mobile management unit can not also preserve the LGW address informations that inquiry receives, MRA abilities, residing for local gateway
The Base Station Identification that home network identification and/or local gateway are supported, but main belt parameter removes LAN again when needing
Network inquiry system is inquired about.
In addition, in step S704, the query messages that mobile management unit is sent to local network inquiry system can also be wrapped
Include MRA abilities.Now in step S706, only comprising support MRA abilities in the LGW address informations that local network inquiry system is returned
LGW, or LGW lists.
If UE requests for MRA connections, mobile management unit selection supports the LGW of MRA abilities to set up company for terminal
Connect.
If UE requests for LIPA connections, and UE signing or mobile management unit configuration allow UE to remotely access originally
Ground network, then mobile management unit selection supports the LGW of MRA abilities to set up connection for terminal.
Step S708, performs the subsequent process that PDN connections are set up, and subsequent process does not do superfluous similarly to the prior art, here
State.
Preferred embodiment three
This preferred embodiment is applied to user and sets up local visit from source base station (for example, base station from home, but be not limited to this)
Ask after connection, because position is changed, be moved to other base stations or base station from home.
The present embodiment is applied to terminal and accesses EPC networks or GPRS network from GERAN/UTRAN/E-UTRAN.If UE
From GERAN/UTRAN accesses, base station from home is HNB, and base station is BSS or NodeB/RNC, and mobile management unit is SGSN.Such as
Fruit UE is accessed from E-UTRAN, and base station from home is HeNB, and base station is eNB, and mobile management unit is MME.House is there may be in network
With base-station gateway, if there is home base-station gateway, then the message between all base station from home and mobile management unit is all needed
To pass through home base-station gateway.Further the message between base station from home and local gateway, can pass through home base-station gateway
Home base-station gateway can not also be passed through.Scene for forwarding message by home base-station gateway, home base-station gateway is to warp
The message crossed carries out transparent transmission, and the process of transparent transmission is unrelated with the present embodiment, does not repeat here.If UMTS/GERAN is accessed,
And mobile management unit is Gn/Gp SGSN, then there is no SGW in this flow, all process SGW message is all needed not move through
SGW, but mobile management unit is transmitted directly to local gateway.
Fig. 8 is the flow chart of selection local gateway in switching flow according to embodiments of the present invention, as shown in figure 8, the stream
Journey comprises the following steps：
Step S802, source base station from home obtains the metrical information of adjacent cells, and the information in measurement report, which is chosen, closes
Suitable Target cell.
Step S804, source base station from home sends handover request message to source mobile management unit.Wherein include target BS
Mark, optionally also includes the home network identification where target BS, if where source base station from home knows target BS
If home network identification.
Step S806, source mobile management unit is according to one of following parameter, or their combination：APN, target BS institute
Home network identification, the Base Station Identification of target BS, to local network inquiry system inquire about support LGW address informations.
Step S808, local network inquiry system returns to the LGW addresses letter that target BS is supported to source mobile management unit
The Base Station Identification that home network identification or local gateway residing for breath, MRA abilities, local gateway are supported.
The LGW that the source mobile management unit inquiry LGW address informations received and the source base station from home locally preserved are supported
Address information is compared, and whether consistent sees, target BS and source base station from home are thought in same local network if consistent,
The continuity that local IP access can be kept to connect, if it is inconsistent, thinking target BS and source base station from home not at same
In ground network, it is impossible to the continuity for keeping local IP access to connect, the deactivation local IP access connection of source mobile management unit.
If the home network identification and locally-attached home network identification of foundation where target BS are inconsistent (such as
Fruit target BS is not belonging to any local network, then be also considered as inconsistent), then mobile management unit can also be according to foundation originally
The MRA abilities for the LGW that ground is inquired about when connecting judge whether to keep the continuity of local IP access connection.If LGW supports MRA,
Locality connection continuity is kept, local IP access connection is transformed into MRA connections, otherwise source mobile management unit deactivation local IP access
Connection.Technology of locally-attached process well known to those skilled in the art is deactivated, is not repeated here.
If necessary to deactivation local IP access connection, then source mobile management unit after completing locality connection deactivation after performing
Continuous step.
Step S810, performs the subsequent process of switching, and subsequent process similarly to the prior art, is not repeated here.
Preferred embodiment four
This preferred embodiment, it is adaptable to which user is set up after local IP access connection, because position is changed, is moved to it
His base station or base station from home.
The present embodiment is applied to terminal and accesses EPC networks or GPRS network from GERAN/UTRAN/E-UTRAN.If UE
From GERAN/UTRAN accesses, base station from home is HNB, and base station is BSS or NodeB/RNC, and mobile management unit is SGSN.Such as
Fruit UE is accessed from E-UTRAN, and base station from home is HeNB, and base station is eNB, and mobile management unit is MME.House is there may be in network
With base-station gateway, if there is home base-station gateway, then the message between all base station from home and mobile management unit is all needed
To pass through home base-station gateway.Further the message between base station from home and local gateway, can pass through home base-station gateway
Home base-station gateway can not also be passed through.Scene for forwarding message by home base-station gateway, home base-station gateway is to warp
The message crossed carries out transparent transmission, and the process of transparent transmission is unrelated to the invention, does not repeat here.
If UMTS/GERAN is accessed, and mobile management unit is Gn/Gp SGSN, then does not have SGW in this flow,
All process SGW message all needs not move through SGW, but mobile management unit is transmitted directly to local gateway.
Fig. 9 is the flow chart of selection local gateway during tracing section updating according to embodiments of the present invention, such as Fig. 9 institutes
Show, the flow comprises the following steps：
Step S902, terminal sends tracing section updating request to target mobile management unit through Target Wireless side network element and disappeared
Breath；
Step S904, target mobile management unit sends context request message to source mobile management unit；
Step S906, source mobile management unit sends context response message to target mobile management unit, carries user
Contextual information, wherein the LGW addresses of local IP access connection are carried, optionally also including the sheet residing for LGW MRA abilities, LGW
Ground network identity；
Step S908, alternatively, terminal, mobile management unit, Authentication Authorization server perform verification process；
Step S910, target mobile management unit is according to one of following parameter, or their combination：APN, Target Wireless
The home network identification of side network element, the Base Station Identification of Target Wireless side network element, Target Wireless is inquired about to local network inquiry system
The LGW address informations that side network element is supported.
Step S912, local network inquiry system returns to the LGW that target mobile management unit Target Wireless side network element is supported
The Base Station Identification that address information, MRA abilities, the home network identification residing for local gateway or local gateway are supported.
Target mobile management unit inquires about system with the LGW address informations received from source mobile management unit and from local network
The LGW address informations that system inquiry is returned are compared, and see whether two LGW addresses are consistent, the target mobile management unit if consistent
Target Wireless side network element and source base station are thought in same local network, the continuity that local IP access can be kept to connect, otherwise
Think that the continuity that local IP access is connected can not be supported.
If containing MRA abilities and home network identification in the context in step S906, target mobile management list
Member is matched therewith according to the home network identification of Target Wireless side network element.If the LAN where the network element of Target Wireless side
It is inconsistent (if Target Wireless side network element is not belonging to any that network identifies the home network identification being connected with the local IP access set up
Ground network, then be also considered as inconsistent), then target mobile management unit can also be according to the LGW inquired about when setting up locality connection
MRA abilities judge whether keep local IP access connection continuity.If LGW supports MRA, keep locality connection continuous
Property, local IP access connection is transformed into MRA connections, otherwise by the deactivation local IP access connection of source mobile management unit.
Step S914, target mobile management unit sends context acknowledgement message to source mobile management unit, carries and judges
As a result, if it is judged that representing not supporting the continuity that local IP access is connected, then source mobile management unit deactivates local IP access
Connection.Technology of locally-attached process well known to those skilled in the art is deactivated, is not repeated here.
Step S916, performs the subsequent process of tracing section updating, and subsequent process does not do superfluous similarly to the prior art, here
State.
Embodiment five
Figure 10 is that local gateway and preservation local gateway are selected when user according to embodiments of the present invention initially adheres to
Flow chart, as shown in Figure 10, the flow comprise the following steps：
Step S1002, user terminal needs to set up wireless heterogeneous networks (Radio Resource before being communicated
Control, referred to as RRC) connection as signaling message or business datum carrying.
Step S1004, user terminal sends initialization Non-Access Stratum (Non-Access-Stratum, referred to as NAS) and disappeared
Breath, carries out attachment operation.
Initial user message is issued mobile management unit by step S1006, wireless side network element.If there is base station from home net
Close, be then first transmitted to home base-station gateway, message is then issued into mobile management unit by home base-station gateway again.
Step S1008, alternatively, terminal, mobile management unit, Authentication Authorization server perform verification process.
Step S1010, mobile management unit is received after Attach Request message with one of following parameter, or their group
Close：APN, the home network identification for being currently accessed base station, the Base Station Identification of current base station, this is inquired about to local network inquiry system
The address information mobile management unit of ground gateway.
Step S1012, local network inquiry system returns to query response message to mobile management unit.Local network is inquired about
System inquires about corresponding LGW address informations according to the inquiry request message received in the information locally preserved, and local network is looked into
Inquiry system is according to residing for Query Result to mobile management unit return local gateway LGW address informations, MRA abilities, local gateway
Home network identification and/or local gateway support Base Station Identification.
The LGW address informations that local network inquiry system returns to mobile management unit can be a LGW address information,
Can also be a list for including multiple LGW address informations, if that the return of local network inquiry system is a LGW
List, then mobile management unit arbitrarily can select a LGW address in the LGW lists of return.
Mobile management unit preserves the LGW address informations, MRA abilities, the local network residing for local gateway that inquiry receives
The Base Station Identification that mark and/or local gateway are supported.
In addition, if terminal request is set up in MRA connections, step S1010, mobile management unit is inquired about to local network
The query messages that system is sent can also include MRA abilities.Now in step S1012, the LGW that local network inquiry system is returned
Only comprising the LGW for supporting MRA abilities, or LGW lists in address information.
If UE requests for MRA connections, mobile management unit selection supports the LGW of MRA abilities to set up company for terminal
Connect.
If UE requests for LIPA connections, and UE signing or mobile management unit configuration allow UE to remotely access originally
Ground network, then mobile management unit selection supports the LGW of MRA abilities to set up connection for terminal.
Step S1014, performs the subsequent process of attachment flow, until step S1016, subsequent process and prior art class
Seemingly, do not repeat here.
Step S1016, last in attachment flow, mobile management unit please to Authentication Authorization server hair circular (notify)
Message is sought, APN and LGW addresses, and MRA abilities is carried, APN, LGW address and LGW MRA abilities are stored in authentication by request
Authorization server, in order to which user is from when non-3 GPP access request MRA connections or local IP access connection, selects corresponding local gateway
Address.
Step S1018, Authentication Authorization server preserves APN, LGW address received, LGW MRA abilities, returns mobile management
Unit notify response messages.
Obviously, those skilled in the art should be understood that above-mentioned each module of the invention or each step can be with general
Computing device realize that they can be concentrated on single computing device, or be distributed in multiple computing devices and constituted
Network on, alternatively, the program code that they can be can perform with computing device be realized, it is thus possible to they are stored
Performed in the storage device by computing device, and in some cases, can be shown to be performed different from order herein
The step of going out or describe, they are either fabricated to each integrated circuit modules respectively or by multiple modules in them or
Step is fabricated to single integrated circuit module to realize.So, the present invention is not restricted to any specific hardware and software combination.
The preferred embodiments of the present invention are the foregoing is only, are not intended to limit the invention, for the skill of this area
For art personnel, the present invention can have various modifications and variations.Within the spirit and principles of the invention, that is made any repaiies
Change, equivalent substitution, improvement etc., should be included in the scope of the protection.
Claims (16)
1. a kind of local gateway information processing method, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
The lateral local network inquiry system of network sends inquiry request, wherein, the inquiry request carries remote access to local network
Network function MRA abilities；
The network side receives the response message that the local network inquiry system is returned, wherein, carried in the response message
There is the information for the one or more local gateways for supporting MRA abilities；
Wherein, at least one of is carried in the inquiry request：LAN where APN, Target Wireless side network element
Network mark, the Base Station Identification of Target Wireless side network element；
If locally-attached home network identification of home network identification and foundation where the network element of the Target Wireless side is not
Unanimously, then source mobile management unit according to the MRA abilities inquired about when setting up locality connection from the local network inquiry system
Judge whether to keep locally-attached continuity, wherein, if local gateway supports MRA abilities, it is determined that can keep local
The continuity of connection, MRA connections are transformed into by the locality connection, otherwise, deactivate locality connection.
2. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterised in that the information of the local gateway includes at least one of：
The address information of the local gateway, the remote access to local network network function MRA abilities of the local gateway, the local gateway
The Base Station Identification that residing home network identification, the local gateway are supported.
3. method according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that the network side includes mobile management unit.
4. method according to claim 3, it is characterised in that the mobile management unit is inquired about to the local network is
System, which sends the inquiry request, to be included：
The mobile management unit receive packet data network PDN connections set up request message or Attach Request message it
Afterwards, the inquiry request is sent to the local network inquiry system.
5. method according to claim 4, it is characterised in that receive the local network in the mobile management unit and look into
After the response message that inquiry system is returned, in addition to：
It is MRA connections that request message is set up in the PDN connections or Attach Request message request is set up, then the moving tube
Managing Unit selection supports the local gateway of MRA abilities to set up connection；And/or,
The PDN connections set up request message or the Attach Request message request set up be local IP access connection, also,
The signing of user equipment or mobile management unit configuration allow the user equipment remote access to local network network, then described
Mobile management unit selection supports the local gateway of MRA abilities to set up local IP access connection.
6. method according to claim 4, it is characterised in that receive Attach Request message in the mobile management unit
In the case of, in addition to：
At least one of is sent to Authentication Authorization server by the mobile management unit in the last of attachment flow：Access point
Title, the address information of local gateway, MRA abilities；
The Authentication Authorization server preserves the information received from the mobile management unit.
7. method according to claim 3, it is characterised in that the mobile management unit is inquired about to the local network is
System, which sends the inquiry request, to be included：
Source mobile management unit receives handover request message；
The source mobile management unit sends the inquiry request to the local network inquiry system.
8. method according to claim 7, it is characterised in that the source mobile management unit receives the local network
After the response message for the address information for carrying local gateway that inquiry system is returned, in addition to：
The address information for the local gateway that the source mobile management unit is relatively received and the source wireless side network element locally preserved
Local gateway address information, if unanimously, it is determined that locally-attached continuity can be kept, if it is inconsistent, going
Locality connection living.
9. method according to claim 3, it is characterised in that the mobile management unit is inquired about to the local network is
System, which sends the inquiry request, to be included：
Target mobile management unit receives tracing section updating request message；
The target mobile management unit sends the inquiry request to the local network inquiry system.
10. method according to claim 9, it is characterised in that the target mobile management unit receives the LAN
After the response message of the address information for the carrying local gateway that network inquiry system is returned, in addition to：
The address information of the local gateway carried in the target mobile management unit response message and from source
The address information for the local gateway that mobile management unit is got, if unanimously, it is determined that can keep locally-attached continuous
Property, otherwise determine that locally-attached continuity can not be supported.
11. method according to claim 9, it is characterised in that also include：
The target mobile management unit gets the local network of MRA abilities and source wireless side network element from source mobile management unit
Mark；
The home network identification of the target mobile management unit comparison object wireless side network element and from the source mobile management list
The home network identification for the source wireless side network element that member is got, in the case of inconsistencies, the target mobile management list
It is first to judge whether to keep locally-attached continuity according to the MRA abilities, wherein, if local gateway supports MRA abilities,
It is determined to keep locally-attached continuity, the locality connection is transformed into MRA connections, otherwise, by the source moving tube
Manage unit deactivation locality connection.
12. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterised in that in the lateral local network inquiry system of the network
Before sending the inquiry request, in addition to：
The registration request that the local network inquiry system receives the information for carrying the local gateway from local gateway disappears
Breath and/or renewal request message.
13. method according to claim 12, it is characterised in that the information of the local gateway of carrying is included below extremely
It is one of few：
The APN that the IP address of the local gateway, the local gateway are supported, the local network mark residing for the local gateway
Knowledge, the Base Station Identification of local gateway support, the MRA abilities of the local gateway.
14. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterised in that the local network inquiry system is：Domain name system, nothing
Line side Element management system or the new logic entity pre-set.
15. a kind of local gateway information processor, it is characterised in that including：
Sending module, for sending inquiry request to local network inquiry system, wherein, the query messages carry remote access
Local network function MRA abilities；
Receiving module, for receiving the response message that the local network inquiry system is returned, wherein, taken in the response message
Information with the one or more local gateways for supporting MRA abilities；
Wherein, at least one of is carried in the inquiry request：LAN where APN, Target Wireless side network element
Network mark, the Base Station Identification of Target Wireless side network element；
If locally-attached home network identification of home network identification and foundation where the network element of the Target Wireless side is not
Unanimously, then source mobile management unit according to the MRA abilities inquired about when setting up locality connection from the local network inquiry system
Judge whether to keep locally-attached continuity, wherein, if local gateway supports MRA abilities, it is determined that can keep local
The continuity of connection, MRA connections are transformed into by the locality connection, otherwise, deactivate locality connection.
16. device according to claim 15, it is characterised in that the information of the local gateway include it is following at least it
One：It is the address information of the local gateway, the remote access to local network network function MRA abilities of the local gateway, described local
The Base Station Identification that home network identification, the local gateway residing for gateway are supported.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201110188098.4A CN102868997B (en) | 2011-07-06 | 2011-07-06 | Local gateway information processing method and device |
| PCT/CN2012/076802 WO2013004121A1 (en) | 2011-07-06 | 2012-06-12 | Method and device for processing local gateway information |
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| CN201110188098.4A CN102868997B (en) | 2011-07-06 | 2011-07-06 | Local gateway information processing method and device |
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| CN104080075B (en) * | 2013-03-25 | 2019-11-26 | 中兴通讯股份有限公司 | Obtain the method and system of user equipment servicing base station information |
| CN104105143B (en) * | 2013-04-03 | 2020-04-24 | 北京三星通信技术研究有限公司 | Method for supporting SIPTO service |
| CN104717631B (en) | 2013-12-11 | 2019-06-25 | 中兴通讯股份有限公司 | A kind of method that realizing local gateway business, system and connection equipment |
| CN108024204B (en) * | 2016-10-31 | 2020-04-28 | 华为技术有限公司 | Local network connection method, device and system |
| CN108617030B (en) * | 2017-01-06 | 2020-10-30 | 中国移动通信有限公司研究院 | Service forwarding method, gateway and mobility management entity |
| CN109471970A (en) * | 2018-11-20 | 2019-03-15 | 郑州云海信息技术有限公司 | Network inquiry method, apparatus and storage medium in a kind of virtual management platform |
| CN113473486B (en) * | 2021-07-13 | 2023-04-07 | 蒋溢 | System and method for enhancing network coverage with cooperative end edge |
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| WO2010119707A1 (en) * | 2009-04-17 | 2010-10-21 | Panasonic Corporation | Apparatus for management of local ip access in a segmented mobile communication system |
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| US8503462B2 (en) * | 2008-03-14 | 2013-08-06 | Telefonaktiebolaget L M Ericsson (Publ) | Method and apparatus for remote access to a local network |
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| CN102056141B (en) * | 2009-11-04 | 2013-11-06 | 中兴通讯股份有限公司 | System and method for realizing local access |
| CN102076036B (en) * | 2011-01-14 | 2013-04-24 | 大唐移动通信设备有限公司 | Core network equipment and HNB, and method thereof for processing LIPA connection |
| CN102076038B (en) * | 2011-01-17 | 2013-08-14 | 大唐移动通信设备有限公司 | Method and device for implementing oop initialization prearranged assignment (LIPA) connection switching preparation process |
| CN102083174A (en) * | 2011-01-25 | 2011-06-01 | 电信科学技术研究院 | Method and device for controlling local network access |
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| WO2010113528A1 (en) * | 2009-04-03 | 2010-10-07 | Panasonic Corporation | Mobile communication method, mobile communication system, and corresponding apparatus |
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