CN102855591B - Cascade Reservoirs short-term cogeneration Optimization Scheduling and system - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of Cascade Reservoirs short-term cogeneration Optimization Scheduling and system, said method comprising the steps of: S1, step Energy Maximization model and step accumulation of energy maximum model both Model of Short-term Optimal Dispatchs are set up and stored to dispatch server；S2, dispatch server is according to generation optimization target selection Model of Short-term Optimal Dispatch；S3, data acquisition unit collection model solves material, and dispatch server selection algorithm solves Model of Short-term Optimal Dispatch；S4, dispatch server generates and exports short-term electricity generation scheduling preferred version.The present invention seeks model and the derivation algorithm of step power station Optimized Operation while can taking into account benefit and speed, it is thus achieved that optimum Cascade Reservoirs short-term cogeneration Optimized Operation scheme.

Description

Cascade Reservoirs short-term cogeneration Optimization Scheduling and system

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of Cascade Reservoirs short-term cogeneration Optimization Scheduling and system, belong to step reservoir Mass-send electrically optimized scheduling field.

Background technology

Step power station short-term electricity generation Optimized Operation is a sufficiently complex systems engineering problem, and its core is to fill On the basis of dividing every constraintss such as considering short term scheduling waterpower, electric power, foundation can fully reflect system physical Feature and the Optimal Operation Model of operating mechanism, find and meet the ageing model solution calculation with requirement of reasonableness of scheduling Method.The short term scheduling cycle is shorter, closer to hydro plant with reservoir actual operating state.Its task is, is considering The running status (each reservoir level, reservoir inflow, unit situation etc.) of hydroelectric system and the actual shape of electrical network at that time On the basis of condition, determine each power station in a following schedule periods by the running status of period or network load at each electricity Distribution between standing.Step Energy Maximization model with the step accumulation of energy maximum model meeting step load process requirement is Two kinds of operational modes that current trapeziodal modulation Comparision is common.For step Energy Maximization model, due to current China Nearly all step all has been incorporated into electrical network, when sends out and how much exerts oneself, all by electrical network United Dispatching, it is impossible to be allowed to Act.And Economical Operation of Power Systems the most all distributes thermal power plant tape base lotus, hydroelectric power plant's peak regulation, frequency modulation, and by ladder Level Energy Maximization criterion optimizes it would appear that better results in hydroelectric power plant, i.e. the hydraulic turbine or just operate in high efficient area, Shutting down, the economy of power system is necessarily sacrificed in such operation.Therefore, this optiaml ciriterion is not suitable with city of China Hydropower Stations short term optimal operation under the economic mechanism of field.And for step accumulation of energy maximum model, due to identical Stock's water of quantity has more potential energy at upper pond than at lower reservoir, therefore, enters by accumulation of energy maximal criterion Row Optimized Operation, after running after a while, arises that the preferential water using lower reservoir so that downstream water There is emptying or low water level operation in storehouse.Therefore, utilizing step accumulation of energy maximal criterion to be optimized in scheduling process, If constraints can be increased, and lower reservoir water level or the process of exerting oneself are any limitation as, thus overcome the problems referred to above, this standard Then it is still a kind of good selection.

For complex systems optimization problem, the constraints artificial interference meaning system optimized operation is forced more It is the biggest, so that the optimization space of system is the least.Thus, at the most numerous satisfied step waterpower, electric power, electricity In the case of the constraintss such as net transmission, Hydropower Stations Short-term Optimal Operation is the most regular to follow the most even Not yet come to a conclusion.Owing to step power station short-term electricity generation Optimized Operation relates to power station self and unit output distribution, bears Many item constraints such as the transmission of lotus vibrating area, network load and PSS, and even require using 15min as scheduling slot long, Thus leverage model and the computational efficiency of algorithm and the reasonability of result.Visible, how to coordinate step reservoir Optimized Operation optimized variable and constraints is numerous and contradiction between computational efficiency and result reasonability, is taking into account effect The model seeking step power station Optimized Operation while benefit and speed is still current optimizing scheduling of reservoir with derivation algorithm The emphasis of theoretical research and difficult point.

Summary of the invention

It is an object of the invention to, it is provided that a kind of Cascade Reservoirs short-term cogeneration Optimization Scheduling and system, Model and the derivation algorithm of step power station Optimized Operation is sought, it is thus achieved that optimum while can taking into account benefit and speed Cascade Reservoirs short-term cogeneration Optimized Operation scheme.

For solving above-mentioned technical problem, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme that: a kind of Cascade Reservoirs short-term associating Generation optimization dispatching method, comprises the following steps:

S1, step Energy Maximization model is set up and stored to dispatch server and step accumulation of energy maximum model both short-terms are excellent Change scheduling model；

S2, dispatch server is according to generation optimization target selection Model of Short-term Optimal Dispatch；

S3, data acquisition unit collection model solves material, and dispatch server selection algorithm solves Short-term Optimal Operation mould Type；

S4, dispatch server generates and exports short-term electricity generation scheduling preferred version.

In aforesaid Cascade Reservoirs short-term cogeneration Optimization Scheduling, if generation optimization target is to make following one In individual schedule periods, the gross generation of step hydropower station is maximum, then select step Energy Maximization model, and use big system This model is solved by composition decomposition algorithm or acceleration genetic algorithm.

In aforesaid Cascade Reservoirs short-term cogeneration Optimization Scheduling, the target of step Energy Maximization model

Function:

In formula: E is step gross generation in schedule periods, (m t) is m step reservoir t period average output, Δ t to N For time segment length；M is step power station number, and T is fixed number；

Its constraints:

(1) each step water level storage capacity constraint:

In formula: (m t) is the reservoir storage of m reservoir t period Mo, V to V_t、Be respectively in the water-retention of m reservoir operation phase, Lower limit, V_mmax、V_mminThe permission water-retention maximum, minimum being respectively m step reservoir limits；

(2) each step units limits: N_mmin≤N(m,t)≤N_mmax

In formula: (m t) represents the average output of m power station t period, N to N_mminFor technology minimum load, N_mmaxFor considering The installed capacity in each power station, unit anticipation are exerted oneself and the scheduling heap(ed) capacity of electrical network；

(3) each step traffic constraints: Q (m, t) >=Q_tmin

QF(m,t)≤QD_tmax

In formula: (m, t) (m t) is respectively average storage outflow and generating flow, the Q of m reservoir t period to Q with QF_tminFor Meet requirements of comprehensive utilization minimum storage outflow, QD_tmaxIt it is m step reservoir power station serious offense machine flow；

(4) water balance constraint: V (m, t+1)=V (m, t)+(Qr (m, t)-Q (m, t)) × Δ t

Q (m, t)=QF (m, t)+QS (m, t)

Qr (m, t)=Q (m-1, t)+Qu (m, t)

In formula: Qr (m, t), Qu (m, t) and QS (m, t) be respectively m reservoir t period average reservoir inflow, local inflow and Abandon discharge.

In aforesaid Cascade Reservoirs short-term cogeneration Optimization Scheduling, when Model of Short-term Optimal Dispatch solves, If scheduling slot length is the shortest, need to consider the impact of interval current time lag, i.e. higher level power station between different reservoir Letdown flow arrive time in subordinate power station, Qr (m, t) is expressed as:

Qr (m, t)=Q (m-1, t-τ_m)+Qu(m,t)

In formula, τ_mFor the flow propagation time between m reservoir and m-1 reservoir.

In aforesaid Cascade Reservoirs short-term cogeneration Optimization Scheduling, if generation optimization target is to make to meet system After system burden requirement, the accumulation of energy of step is maximum, provides foundation for the safe and stable of hydroelectric system and economical operation, then Select step accumulation of energy maximum model, and use dynamic search or quick distribution method that this model is solved.

In aforesaid Cascade Reservoirs short-term cogeneration Optimization Scheduling, the target letter of step accumulation of energy maximum model Number:

$\begin{array}{c}{\mathrm{Ob}}_2:\max \underset{t=1}{\overset{T}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}{F}_m\×\mathrm{\Δ}t=\max \underset{t=1}{\overset{T}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}\[(K_1{H}_{1t}+K_2{H}_{2t+\mathrm{\τ}1}+L+K_N{H}_{N,t+\mathrm{\τ}1+\mathrm{\τ}2+L\mathrm{\τ}N-1})({\mathrm{Qr}}_{1t}-Q_{1t})\\ +(K_2{H}_{2t}+K_3{H}_{3t+\mathrm{\τ}2}+L+K_3{H}_{N,t+\mathrm{\τ}2+\mathrm{\τ}3+\mathrm{\τ}N-1})({\mathrm{Qr}}_{2t}-Q_{2t})+L\\ +K_M{H}_{Mt}({\mathrm{Qr}}_{Mt}-Q_{Mt})\]\×\mathrm{\Δ}t\end{array}$

In formula: Fm is total accumulation of energy in m power station, Qr_Mt、Q_MtAnd H_MtIt is respectively the reservoir inflow of m reservoir t period, goes out Storehouse flow and head, segment length when Δ t is, M is step power station number, and T is fixed number；

Constraints:

(1) step hydropower station burden requirement:

In formula:For total the exerting oneself of t hydroelectric system, P is that the total requirement of system t hydroelectric system is exerted oneself；

(2) each step water level storage capacity constraint:

In formula: V (m, t) is the reservoir storage of m reservoir t period Mo,V _t、Be respectively in the water-retention of m reservoir operation phase, Lower limit, V_mmax、V_mminThe permission water-retention maximum, minimum being respectively m step reservoir limits；

(3) each step units limits: N_mmin≤N(m,t)≤N_mmax

In formula: (m t) represents the average output of m power station t period, N to N_mminFor technology minimum load, N_mmaxFor considering The installed capacity in each power station, unit anticipation are exerted oneself and the scheduling heap(ed) capacity of electrical network；

(4) each step traffic constraints: Q (m, t) >=Q_tmin

QF(m,t)≤QD_tmax

In formula: (m, t) (m t) is respectively average storage outflow and generating flow, the Q of m reservoir t period to Q with QF_tminFor Meet requirements of comprehensive utilization minimum storage outflow, QD_tmaxIt it is m step reservoir power station serious offense machine flow；

(5) water balance constraint: V (m, t+1)=V (m, t)+(Qr (m, t)-Q (m, t)) × Δ t

Q (m, t)=QF (m, t)+QS (m, t)

Qr (m, t)=Q (m-1, t)+Qu (m, t)

In formula: Qr (m, t), Qu (m, t) and QS (m, t) be respectively m reservoir t period average reservoir inflow, local inflow and Abandon discharge.

In aforesaid Cascade Reservoirs short-term cogeneration Optimization Scheduling, Model of Short-term Optimal Dispatch solves needs Considering power constraint, power constraint includes different Power Plant vibrating area constraint, electrical network PSS constraint and virtual plant Constraint；

(1) unit vibration district constraint: N_i(m,t)≤Nt_min,N_i(m,t)≥Nt_max, in formula: (m t) represents m electricity to Ni Stand i-th sent power of unit of t period；Ntmax, Ntmin represent on current unit i load vibrating area respectively, Lower limit.

(2) electrical network PSS constraint: power system stabilizer, PSS (Power System Stabilizer, the PSS) constraint of electrical network It is an optional feature of fence excitation system, for low-frequency oscillation, the raising power system damping of suppression system. (3) virtual plant constraint: when the power station period exerts oneself down the most each unit, due to different power stations difference unit output Belong to different transformer station's unifieds allocation of resources, therefore, each unit of same transformer station United Dispatching i.e. constitute one Virtual plant；Meanwhile, in same virtual plant, unit output sum should meet same threshold interval:

In formula: (m t) represents i-th sent power of unit of power station m period t in jth virtual plant to Ni；N(j)min、 N (j) max be respectively jth virtual plant can the upper limit value and lower limit value of bearing load.

In aforesaid Cascade Reservoirs short-term cogeneration Optimization Scheduling, the model solution material bag in step S3 Include: runoff process, reservoir physics in schedule periods just reservoir filling position, scheduling end of term reservoir controlling water level, schedule periods Characteristic, reservoir and Power Plant Design parameter, output of power station characteristic and reservoir requirements of comprehensive utilization.The setting of schedule periods with Hour or within 15 minutes, be the period, time span can the most freely set.

Realize a kind of Cascade Reservoirs short-term cogeneration Optimal Scheduling of preceding method, including dispatch server And data acquisition unit；Data acquisition unit, solves material for collection model；Dispatch server is provided with: Optimal Operation Model storehouse, is used for setting up and store step Energy Maximization model and step accumulation of energy maximum model both Model of Short-term Optimal Dispatch；

Model selection module, for according to generation optimization target selection Model of Short-term Optimal Dispatch；

Algorithms library, solves the algorithm of Mid-long Term Optimized Scheduling model for storage, algorithm include large-scale system decomposition-coordination, Accelerate genetic algorithm, dynamic search and quickly distribute method；

Schemes generation module, is used for generating mid-long runoff for reservoir power generation run preferred version；

Scheme output module, is used for exporting mid-long runoff for reservoir power generation run preferred version；

Wherein, model library, Model selection module, algorithms library, schemes generation module and scheme output module are sequentially connected with； Data acquisition unit is connected with algorithms library.

Compared with prior art, the present invention sets up step Energy Maximization model and step accumulation of energy maximum model both Model of Short-term Optimal Dispatch, the scheduling model being suitable in conjunction with generation optimization target selection, and come by the algorithm optimized Solving model；The Flow-rate adjustment such as have employed and calculating method is reservoir inflow after arithmetic average processes, as sending out The magnitude of current, this, inherently with optimizing thought, so the result that equal Flow-rate adjustment calculates compares, is equivalent to excellent The comparison of change method and relative optimization method；Consider the impact of current time lag, so it is not that step carrys out the water yield simultaneously Consistent because flow delayed cause calculate not only the most relevant with the water yield on the same day, simultaneously with the water of proxima luce (prox. luc) Measure relevant, the most also make day power benefit not only comprise benefit on the same day, comprise the impact of proxima luce (prox. luc) benefit simultaneously. So day power benefit was both affected by the day before yesterday, also affected next day.Therefore, daily optimal dispatch to be compared is the most more complicated, But for convenience's sake, routine dispactching result has been carried out certain process, so such a comparative result is also Optimized Operation and the real difference of routine dispactching can not be reflected completely.Benefit can be taken into account seek while speed The model of step power station Optimized Operation and derivation algorithm, it is thus achieved that optimum Cascade Reservoirs short-term cogeneration optimizes Scheduling scheme.Wherein, daily trading planning formulated by application short-term step Energy Maximization model, and by adjusting with routine Degree relative analysis is known, Optimized Operation step generated energy more conventional optimization increase by 1.22%, generated energy amplification reaches 10.82%, thus demonstrate the reasonability of model.

It is difficult to due to a large amount of waterpower, electric power constraints for conventional Cascade Reservoirs short-term electricity generation Optimization Scheduling The problem of " the dimension calamity " that realize and cause, the present invention takes into account dispatcher software computational valid time requirement, first root The bound variable corresponding according to various boundary conditions and the difference of character, to conditional restriction classification, and then inverse time sequence generates Bound variable also realizes constraints, has coordinated the most to the full extent between result optimum benefit and computational efficiency Contradiction, and finally obtain Cascade Reservoirs short-term cogeneration Optimized Operation optimal case.

Accompanying drawing explanation

Fig. 1 is the workflow diagram of the embodiment of the present invention；

Fig. 2 is the software flow pattern of the embodiment of the present invention；

Fig. 3 is the structural representation of the embodiment of the present invention.

Reference: 1-Optimal Operation Model storehouse, 2-Model selection module, 3-data acquisition module, 4-algorithms library, 5-schemes generation module, 6-scheme output module, 7-dispatch server.

The present invention is further illustrated with detailed description of the invention below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

Detailed description of the invention

Embodiments of the invention: a kind of Cascade Reservoirs (Wujiang River Basin) short-term cogeneration Optimization Scheduling, As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2, comprise the following steps:

S1, step Energy Maximization model is set up and stored to dispatch server and step accumulation of energy maximum model both short-terms are excellent Change scheduling model；

S2, dispatch server is according to generation optimization target selection Model of Short-term Optimal Dispatch；

S3, data acquisition unit collection model solves material, and dispatch server selection algorithm solves Short-term Optimal Operation mould Type；

S4, dispatch server generates and exports short-term electricity generation scheduling preferred version.

If generation optimization target is to make the gross generation of step hydropower station in a following schedule periods maximum, then select step Energy Maximization model, and use large-scale system decomposition-coordination or acceleration genetic algorithm that this model is solved.

The object function of step Energy Maximization model:

In formula: E is step gross generation in schedule periods, (m t) is m step reservoir t period average output, Δ t to N For time segment length；M is step power station number, and T is fixed number；

Its constraints:

(1) each step water level storage capacity constraint:

In formula: V (m, t) is the reservoir storage of m reservoir t period Mo,V _t、Be respectively in the water-retention of m reservoir operation phase, Lower limit, V_mmax、V_mminThe permission water-retention maximum, minimum being respectively m step reservoir limits；

(2) each step units limits: N_mmin≤N(m,t)≤N_mmax

In formula: (m t) represents the average output of m power station t period, N to N_mminFor technology minimum load, N_mmaxFor considering The installed capacity in each power station, unit anticipation are exerted oneself and the scheduling heap(ed) capacity of electrical network；

(3) each step traffic constraints: Q (m, t) >=Q_tmin

QF(m,t)≤QD_tmax

In formula: (m, t) (m t) is respectively average storage outflow and generating flow, the Q of m reservoir t period to Q with QF_tminFor Meet requirements of comprehensive utilization minimum storage outflow, QD_tmaxIt it is m step reservoir power station serious offense machine flow；

(4) water balance constraint: V (m, t+1)=V (m, t)+(Qr (m, t)-Q (m, t)) × Δ t

Q (m, t)=QF (m, t)+QS (m, t)

Qr (m, t)=Q (m-1, t)+Qu (m, t)

In formula: Qr (m, t), Qu (m, t) and QS (m, t) be respectively m reservoir t period average reservoir inflow, local inflow and Abandon discharge.

When Model of Short-term Optimal Dispatch solves, if scheduling slot length is the shortest, need to consider interval between different reservoir The time in the letdown flow arrival subordinate power station of the impact of current time lag, i.e. higher level power station, Qr (m, t) is expressed as:

Qr (m, t)=Q (m-1, t-τ_m)+Qu(m,t)

In formula, τ_mFor the flow propagation time between m reservoir and m-1 reservoir.

If generation optimization target is that to make to meet the accumulation of energy of step after system loading requirement maximum, for hydroelectric system safe, Stable and economical operation provides foundation, then select step accumulation of energy maximum model, and use dynamic search or quickly divide Join method this model is solved.

The object function of step accumulation of energy maximum model:

$\begin{array}{c}{\mathrm{Ob}}_2:\max \underset{t=1}{\overset{T}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}{F}_m\×\mathrm{\Δ}t=\max \underset{t=1}{\overset{T}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}\[(K_1{H}_{1t}+K_2{H}_{2t+\mathrm{\τ}1}+L+K_N{H}_{N,t+\mathrm{\τ}1+\mathrm{\τ}2+L\mathrm{\τ}N-1})({\mathrm{Qr}}_{1t}-Q_{1t})\\ +(K_2{H}_{2t}+K_3{H}_{3t+\mathrm{\τ}2}+L+K_3{H}_{N,t+\mathrm{\τ}2+\mathrm{\τ}3+\mathrm{\τ}N-1})({\mathrm{Qr}}_{2t}-Q_{2t})+L\\ +K_M{H}_{Mt}({\mathrm{Qr}}_{Mt}-Q_{Mt})\]\×\mathrm{\Δ}t\end{array}$

In formula: Fm is total accumulation of energy in m power station, Qr_Mt、Q_MtAnd H_MtIt is respectively the reservoir inflow of m reservoir t period, goes out Storehouse flow and head, segment length when Δ t is, M is step power station number, and T is fixed number；

Constraints:

(1) step hydropower station burden requirement:

In formula:For total the exerting oneself of t hydroelectric system, P is that the total requirement of system t hydroelectric system is exerted oneself.

(2) each step water level storage capacity constraint:

In formula: V (m, t) is the reservoir storage of m reservoir t period Mo,V _t、Be respectively in the water-retention of m reservoir operation phase, Lower limit, V_mmax、V_mminThe permission water-retention maximum, minimum being respectively m step reservoir limits；

(3) each step units limits: N_mmin≤N(m,t)≤N_mmax

In formula: (m t) represents the average output of m power station t period, N to N_mminFor technology minimum load, N_mmaxFor considering The installed capacity in each power station, unit anticipation are exerted oneself and the scheduling heap(ed) capacity of electrical network；

(4) each step traffic constraints: Q (m, t) >=Q_tmin

QF(m,t)≤QD_tmax

In formula: (m, t) (m t) is respectively average storage outflow and generating flow, the Q of m reservoir t period to Q with QF_tminFor Meet requirements of comprehensive utilization minimum storage outflow, QD_tmaxIt it is m step reservoir power station serious offense machine flow；

(5) water balance constraint: V (m, t+1)=V (m, t)+(Qr (m, t)-Q (m, t)) × Δ t

Q (m, t)=QF (m, t)+QS (m, t)

Qr (m, t)=Q (m-1, t)+Qu (m, t)

In formula: Qr (m, t), Qu (m, t) and QS (m, t) be respectively m reservoir t period average reservoir inflow, local inflow and Abandon discharge.

Model of Short-term Optimal Dispatch solves to be needed to consider power constraint, and power constraint includes different Power Plant vibrating area Constraint, electrical network PSS constraint and virtual plant constraint.

(1) unit vibration district constraint: N_i(m,t)≤Nt_min,N_i(m,t)≥Nt_max

In formula: (m t) represents i-th sent power of unit of m power station t period to Ni；Ntmax, Ntmin represent current machine Group i load vibrating area upper lower limit value.

(2) electrical network PSS constraint: power system stabilizer, PSS (Power System Stabilizer, the PSS) constraint of electrical network It is an optional feature of fence excitation system, for low-frequency oscillation, the raising power system damping of suppression system.

(3) virtual plant constraint: when the power station period exerts oneself down the most each unit, due to different power stations difference unit output Belong to different transformer station's unifieds allocation of resources, therefore, each unit of same transformer station United Dispatching i.e. constitute one Virtual plant；Meanwhile, in same virtual plant, unit output sum should meet same threshold interval:

In formula: (m t) represents i-th sent power of unit of power station m period t in jth virtual plant to Ni；N(j)min、 N (j) max be respectively jth virtual plant can the upper limit value and lower limit value of bearing load.

Model solution material in step S3 includes: schedule periods just reservoir filling position, scheduling end of term reservoir controlling water level, In schedule periods, runoff process, reservoir physical characteristic, reservoir and Power Plant Design parameter, output of power station characteristic and reservoir are combined Conjunction utilizes requirement.The setting of schedule periods with hour or 15 minutes as period, time span can according to the actual requirements freely Set.

Above-mentioned Model of Short-term Optimal Dispatch combine end water lev el control, outbound controls, control of exerting oneself, etc. outbound control Isotype, carries out linking contact with water level between each pattern, and day part can be with arbitrary disposition difference computation schema.

(1) water lev el control pattern:

Control the period end water level value of day part, by water balanced calculation storage outflow, be obstructed at consideration head, Power station, power station unit can be used when number of units, are used for generating electricity by whole water yields, and unnecessary water is as abandoning water；When When water can not meet water lev el control requirement, calculate water level by actual water.

Step1: according to reservoir inflow and at the beginning of the period, end water level calculation interval storage outflow；

Step2: calculate output of power station according to storage outflow calculation；

Step3: judge whether storage outflow, output of power station, end water level meet constraints requirement successively, if discontented Sufficient then by other generating index of corresponding binding occurrence inverse, and provide information alert.

(2) storage outflow control model:

Control the storage outflow of day part, whole water yields are utilized and generates electricity, after the most completely sending out, the unnecessary water yield For abandoning water；When water level breaks through bound constraint, by actually lower limit water lev el control, again draft going out of this period Storehouse flow is used for generating electricity.

Step1: calculate output of power station and end water level according to storage outflow calculation；

Step2: judge whether storage outflow, output of power station, end water level meet constraints requirement successively, if discontented Sufficient then by other generating index of corresponding binding occurrence inverse, and provide information alert.

(3) force control mode is gone out:

Control the average output of day part, by without abandoning water principle calculation interval end water level, generating flow, abandoning discharge Etc. statistical indicator.

Step1: assume period end water level；

Step2: according to reservoir inflow and water level at the beginning of the period, by water balance Equation for Calculating storage outflow；

Step3: calculate power station storage outflow and end water level according to output calculation mode；

Step4: whether the period end water level that inspection calculates and hypothesis value meet required precision, if meeting, then calculates knot Bundle, the most again assumes period end water level, returns Step2, until end water level convergence；

Step5: judge whether storage outflow, output of power station, end water level meet constraints requirement successively, if discontented Sufficient then by other generating index of corresponding binding occurrence inverse, and provide information alert.

(4) reservoir operation chart-pattern:

Water lev el control principle as at the beginning of the period, determines exerting oneself of this period according to the position in scheduling graph of the water level at the beginning of the period, If water level is out-of-limit, by without abandoning water principle inverse output of power station.

Step1: look into scheduling graph according to water level at the beginning of the period, obtains period average output；

Step2: according to aforesaid go out the statistical indicator such as force control mode calculation interval end water level and storage outflow；

Step3: judge whether storage outflow, output of power station, end water level meet constraints requirement successively, if discontented Sufficient then by other generating index of corresponding binding occurrence inverse, and provide information alert.

(5) flow-control such as:

Its ultimate principle is: choose the most multi-period in, with the first water level of the first period and last period Last water level as etc. exert oneself run first end controlling water level, according to the reservoir inflow process of day part, in satisfied control On the premise of system just end water level requirement so that the day part storage outflow chosen is equal.Calculation procedure is as follows:

Step1: when the start-stop of flow-control such as determining segment number and just end controlling water level (first water level is the meter of previous period Calculate end water level, end water level be interface arrange etc. controlling water level of exerting oneself)；

Step2: according to just end water level and day part reservoir inflow, by the water balance average outbound of Equation for Calculating day part Flow；

Step3: with first water level for starting at water level, the average storage outflow of day part calculated with Step2, by outbound stream Amount calculation, calculates day part by the period and exerts oneself and the end index such as water level.

Power generation dispatching preferred version is: utilize the principle that step short term scheduling process is optimized by accumulation of energy maximum model It is to try to use the less water yield, to meet system loading task, stores to storehouse with the most water yields, to increase ladder Level end of term accumulation of energy.The power station that the determination principle of step reservoir electrical generation priority order is electrical generation water head height, water consumption rate is little is excellent First generate electricity.Such as station, Goupitan, being computed this station generating water consumption rate is that step is minimum, about 2.7m3/kW about h, If simply utilizing Silin, downstream, Sha Tuo power station completion system load task, then can substantially lower lower station water level, And station, the Goupitan upper amplification of water level the least (regulation storage capacity storage capacity is relatively big, for 29.02m3), thus make step accumulation of energy Not necessarily optimum.Thus, take into account and affect head and two key factors of flow that Hydropower Plant is exerted oneself, sum up As follows to Cascade Stations on Wujiang River Short-term Optimal Operation each power station electrical generation priority order rule:

(1) station, Goupitan is due to its storage capacity relatively greatly, water consumption rate less (about 2.7m3/kW about h), unit water What amount caused SEA LEVEL VARIATION is less, the most preferentially generates electricity.

(2) Silin, Sha Tuo power station productive head are quite, generating water consumption rate the most quite (about 6.5m3/kW h Left and right), thereby take into account husky a small bay in a river erect-position in step most downstream, for increasing system accumulation of energy, thus Sha Tuo power station is preferentially sent out Electricity, followed by power station, Silin.

(3) for storehouse, step upstream four, owing to erect-position crosses first of the step power station of upstream, the Wujiang River in flood man, should be abundant Play its storage roof and Runoff Compensation effect.Station is crossed with east wind station generating water consumption rate substantially quite (about in view of flood man 3.2m3/kW about h), respectively less than subordinate power station (Suofengying, Wu Jiangdu) generating water consumption rate, and station, Suofengying Regulation storage capacity less (about 0.674m3), the SEA LEVEL VARIATION that thus the unit water yield causes may be fairly obvious.Thus combine Close and consider, when lower station (Goupitan, Silin, Sha Tuo) load can not meet system loading task, Ying You Secondly first select the generating of east wind station, cross station as step backbone reservoir to remaining electricity for playing carry-over storage flood man The Runoff Compensation effect stood, it is considered to select flood man to cross station completion system load task.

(4) for step rope, Wu Erku, station, Suofengying productive head is less, relatively big (the about 6.2m3/kW h of water consumption rate Left and right), the Wujiang River crosses that station productive head is relatively big, water consumption rate less (about 3.9m3/kW about h).Therefore, comprehensively Consider the dependency relation between two storehouse productive heads and water consumption rate, it is proposed that select station, Suofengying preferentially to generate electricity, secondly choosing Select the Wujiang River and cross station generating, to meet system loading task.

(5) provide each power station of Cascade Stations on Wujiang River Short-term Optimal Operation (generating) order of priority that discharges water to be followed successively by: Goupitan, Sha Tuo, Silin, east wind, Hong Jiadu, Suofengying, Wu Jiangdu, be scheduled for decision-making and use.Visible, for making step Power station scheduling end of term accumulation of energy is maximum, and each power station is not to carry out generating electricity fully according to step order from the bottom to top, But taken into account the rapport affected between head factor and the flow factor that power station unit is exerted oneself, reasonable arrangement ladder Level stores puts, and increases the accumulation of energy of the system end of term, provides guarantee for step hydropower station later stage potentiation.

Additionally, scheduling regulates reservoir (Hong Jiadu, east wind, Wu Jiangdu, the structure skin of above performance for incomplete year Beach) when carrying out short-term electricity generation Optimized Operation, if not considering electrical network demand, its best dispatching party in single storehouse self Formula is Appropriate application head and the more uniform generating of coordinating flow quantity relation in whole schedule periods.There is the water of day regulation performance Storehouse (Suofengying, Silin, Sha Tuo) is when carrying out day scheduling, if not considering electrical network demand, its single storehouse self has most The scheduling mode of profit is for improving productive head, later-stage utilization Gao Shui the most as early as possible according to the generating of power station minimum generating capacity The many generatings of head, finally fall back to require position, thus single storehouse Energy Maximization.

Realize a kind of Cascade Reservoirs short-term cogeneration Optimal Scheduling of preceding method, as it is shown on figure 3, bag Include dispatch server 7 and data acquisition unit 3；Data acquisition unit 3, solves material for collection model；Scheduling Server 7 is provided with:

Optimal Operation Model storehouse 1, be used for setting up and store step Energy Maximization model and step accumulation of energy maximum model this two Plant Model of Short-term Optimal Dispatch；

Model selection module 2, for according to generation optimization target selection Model of Short-term Optimal Dispatch；

Algorithms library 4, solves the algorithm of Mid-long Term Optimized Scheduling model for storage, and algorithm includes that large system decomposing coordination is calculated Method, accelerate genetic algorithm, dynamic search and quickly distribute method；

Schemes generation module 5, is used for generating mid-long runoff for reservoir power generation run preferred version；

Scheme output module 6, is used for exporting mid-long runoff for reservoir power generation run preferred version；

Wherein, model library 1, Model selection module 2, algorithms library 4, schemes generation module 5 and scheme output module 6 are suitable Secondary connection；Data acquisition unit 3 is connected with algorithms library 4.

Claims (5)

1. a Cascade Reservoirs short-term cogeneration Optimization Scheduling, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:

S1, step Energy Maximization model is set up and stored to dispatch server and step accumulation of energy maximum model both is short Phase Optimal Operation Model；

S2, dispatch server is according to generation optimization target selection Model of Short-term Optimal Dispatch；

S3, data acquisition unit collection model solves material, and dispatch server selection algorithm solves Short-term Optimal and adjusts Degree model；Wherein, if generation optimization target is to make in a following schedule periods gross generation of step hydropower station Greatly, then select step Energy Maximization model, and use large-scale system decomposition-coordination or accelerate genetic algorithm This model is solved；The object function of described step Energy Maximization model:

$MaxE=\underset{t=1}{\overset{T}{\Σ}}\underset{m=1}{\overset{M}{\Σ}}N(m,t)\mathrm{\Δ}t$

In formula: E is step gross generation in schedule periods, N (m, t) is m step reservoir t period average output, Segment length when Δ t is；M is step power station number, and T is fixed number；

Its constraints:

(1) each step water level storage capacity constraint:

In formula: V (m, t) is the reservoir storage of m reservoir t period Mo,V _t、It is respectively the water-retention of m reservoir operation phase Upper and lower limit, V_mmax、V_mminThe permission water-retention maximum, minimum being respectively m step reservoir limits；

(2) each step units limits: N_{m min}≤N(m,t)≤N_{m max}

In formula: (m t) represents the average output of m power station t period, N to N_mminFor technology minimum load, N_mmaxFor Consider that the installed capacity in each power station, unit anticipation are exerted oneself and the scheduling heap(ed) capacity of electrical network；

(3) each step traffic constraints: Q (m, t) >=Q_{t min}

QF(m,t)≤QD_{t max}

In formula: (m, t) (m t) is respectively average storage outflow and generating flow, the Q of m reservoir t period to Q with QF_{t min} For meeting requirements of comprehensive utilization minimum storage outflow, QD_{t max}It it is m step reservoir power station serious offense machine flow；

(4) water balance constraint: V (m, t+1)=V (m, t)+(Qr (m, t)-Q (m, t)) × Δ t

Q (m, t)=QF (m, t)+QS (m, t)

Qr (m, t)=Q (m-1, t)+Qu (m, t)

In formula: (m, t), (m, t) (m, t) respectively m reservoir t period average reservoir inflow, interval enter Qu Qr with QS Flow and abandon discharge；

When Model of Short-term Optimal Dispatch solves, if scheduling slot length is the shortest, need to consider district between different reservoir Between the letdown flow of the impact of current time lag, i.e. higher level power station arrive time in subordinate power station, Qr (m, t) It is expressed as:

Qr (m, t)=Q (m-1, t-τ_m)+Qu(m,t)；

In formula, τ_mFor the flow propagation time between m reservoir and m-1 reservoir；

Model of Short-term Optimal Dispatch solves to be needed to consider power constraint, and power constraint includes different Power Plant vibration District's constraint, electrical network PSS constraint and virtual plant constraint；

S4, dispatch server generates and exports short-term electricity generation scheduling preferred version.

Cascade Reservoirs short-term cogeneration Optimization Scheduling the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: If generation optimization target is that to make to meet the accumulation of energy of step after system loading requirement maximum, for hydroelectric system safe, Stable and economical operation provides foundation, then select step accumulation of energy maximum model, and use dynamic search or fast This model is solved by speed distribution method.

Cascade Reservoirs short-term cogeneration Optimization Scheduling the most according to claim 2, it is characterised in that: The object function of step accumulation of energy maximum model:

Ob₂:

In formula: Fm is total accumulation of energy in m power station, Qr_Mt、Q_MtAnd H_MtBe respectively the m reservoir t period reservoir inflow, Storage outflow and head, segment length when Δ t is, M is step power station number, and T is fixed number；

Constraints:

(1) step hydropower station burden requirement:

In formula:For total the exerting oneself of t hydroelectric system, P is total the obtaining of system t hydroelectric system Power；

(2) each step water level storage capacity constraint:

In formula: V (m, t) is the reservoir storage of m reservoir t period Mo,V _t、It is respectively the water-retention of m reservoir operation phase Upper and lower limit, V_mmax、V_mminThe permission water-retention maximum, minimum being respectively m step reservoir limits；

(3) each step units limits: N_{m min}≤N(m,t)≤N_{m max}

In formula: (m t) represents the average output of m power station t period, N to N_mminFor technology minimum load, N_mmaxFor Consider that the installed capacity in each power station, unit anticipation are exerted oneself and the scheduling heap(ed) capacity of electrical network；

(4) each step traffic constraints: Q (m, t) >=Q_{t min}

QF(m,t)≤QD_{t max}

In formula: (m, t) (m t) is respectively average storage outflow and generating flow, the Q of m reservoir t period to Q with QF_{t min} For meeting requirements of comprehensive utilization minimum storage outflow, QD_{t max}It it is m step reservoir power station serious offense machine flow；

(5) water balance constraint: V (m, t+1)=V (m, t)+(Qr (m, t)-Q (m, t)) × Δ t

Q (m, t)=QF (m, t)+QS (m, t)

Qr (m, t)=Q (m-1, t)+Qu (m, t)

In formula: (m, t), (m, t) (m, t) respectively m reservoir t period average reservoir inflow, interval enter Qu Qr with QS Flow and abandon discharge；

Model of Short-term Optimal Dispatch solves to be needed to consider power constraint, and power constraint includes different Power Plant vibration District's constraint, electrical network PSS constraint and virtual plant constraint.

Cascade Reservoirs short-term cogeneration Optimization Scheduling the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that Model solution material in step S3 includes: schedule periods just reservoir filling position, scheduling end of term reservoir controlling water level, Runoff process, reservoir physical characteristic, reservoir and Power Plant Design parameter, output of power station characteristic and water in schedule periods Storehouse requirements of comprehensive utilization；The setting of schedule periods with hour or 15 minutes as period, time span is according to actual need Ask free setting.

5. realize a kind of Cascade Reservoirs short-term cogeneration Optimal Scheduling of method described in Claims 1 to 4, It is characterized in that, including dispatch server (7) and data acquisition unit (3)；Data acquisition unit (3), Material is solved for collection model；Dispatch server (7) is provided with:

Optimal Operation Model storehouse (1), is used for setting up and store step Energy Maximization model and step accumulation of energy maximum norm Type both Model of Short-term Optimal Dispatchs；

Model selection module (2), for according to generation optimization target selection Model of Short-term Optimal Dispatch；

Algorithms library (4), solves the algorithm of Model of Short-term Optimal Dispatch for storage, and algorithm includes that large system decomposition is assisted Adjust algorithm, accelerate genetic algorithm, dynamic search and quickly distribute method；

Schemes generation module (5), is used for generating short-term electricity generation scheduling preferred version；

Scheme output module (6), is used for exporting short-term electricity generation scheduling preferred version；

Wherein, model library (1), Model selection module (2), algorithms library (4), schemes generation module (5) and side Case output module (6) is sequentially connected with；Data acquisition unit (3) is connected with algorithms library (4).