CN102854166B - Identifying and locating method of melamine in plant protein feedstuff - Google Patents
Identifying and locating method of melamine in plant protein feedstuff Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了饲料检测技术领域中的一种植物性蛋白饲料中三聚氰胺的识别和定位方法。包括：采集待测植物性蛋白饲料样本的近红外图像；对待测植物性蛋白饲料样本的近红外图像进行基线校正处理；采集三聚氰胺的近红外光谱特征和无杂质的植物性蛋白饲料的近红外光谱特征；根据三聚氰胺的近红外光谱特征和无杂质的植物性蛋白饲料的近红外光谱特征，对待测植物性蛋白饲料样本进行特征波长成像分析，判断待测植物性蛋白饲料样本是否含有三聚氰胺并对所含三聚氰胺进行定位。本发明具有无接触、无污染、检测速度快和检测结果准确的特点。
The invention discloses a method for identifying and locating melamine in vegetable protein feed in the technical field of feed detection. Including: collecting near-infrared images of plant protein feed samples to be tested; performing baseline correction processing on near-infrared images of plant protein feed samples to be tested; collecting near-infrared spectral features of melamine and near-infrared spectra of plant protein feed without impurities Features: According to the near-infrared spectrum characteristics of melamine and the near-infrared spectrum characteristics of the vegetable protein feed without impurities, the characteristic wavelength imaging analysis of the vegetable protein feed sample to be tested is carried out to determine whether the plant protein feed sample to be tested contains melamine and the Contains melamine for positioning. The invention has the characteristics of no contact, no pollution, fast detection speed and accurate detection result.
Description
技术领域 technical field
本发明属于饲料检测技术领域，尤其涉及一种植物性蛋白饲料中三聚氰胺的识别和定位方法。The invention belongs to the technical field of feed detection, in particular to a method for identifying and locating melamine in vegetable protein feed.
背景技术 Background technique
植物性蛋白饲料是一种重要的饲料，其原料是保障饲料品质与安全的前提。然而近年来的三聚氰胺事件，对蛋白饲料安全造成极大威胁,使蛋白饲料中三聚氰胺的检测备受关注。开展三聚氰胺检测方法学等方面的研究工作，满足饲料质量安全监管的迫切需要，对于保障饲料安全、动物性食品安全和人民群众身体健康，促进养殖业的健康持续发展，乃至维护社会稳定均具有十分重要的意义。Vegetable protein feed is an important feed, and its raw material is the premise to ensure the quality and safety of feed. However, the melamine incident in recent years has caused a great threat to the safety of protein feed, and the detection of melamine in protein feed has attracted much attention. Carrying out research work on melamine detection methodology and other aspects to meet the urgent needs of feed quality and safety supervision is very important for ensuring feed safety, animal food safety and the health of the people, promoting the healthy and sustainable development of the breeding industry, and even maintaining social stability. Significance.
目前，常用的检测饲料中三聚氰胺的方法虽然灵敏度较高，但仍存在前处理过程复杂、步骤繁琐和检测过程使用大量化学试剂对环境造成污染等问题。近红外成像分析将传统的光学成像和近红外光谱学方法结合起来，可同时获取样本的空间信息和光谱信息，选择一个像平面可得到样品所有空间点在某一特定波长下的强度响应（吸光度），即光谱图像。近红外成像技术具有无需样品前处理、穿透能力强、适应粗糙表面的样品和非接触、非破坏等优点。此外，由于近红外成像可以得到几个微米空间上的近红外光谱，在对微量物质的分析中，可以避免近红外光谱分析中样品成分稀释的问题，并可以对检测到的目标物进行定位，因此在异类物质的检测方面有巨大的优势。At present, although the commonly used methods for detecting melamine in feed have high sensitivity, there are still problems such as complicated pretreatment process, cumbersome steps, and the use of a large number of chemical reagents in the detection process to pollute the environment. Near-infrared imaging analysis combines traditional optical imaging and near-infrared spectroscopy methods to obtain the spatial information and spectral information of the sample at the same time. Selecting an image plane can obtain the intensity response (absorbance) of all spatial points of the sample at a specific wavelength. ), that is, the spectral image. Near-infrared imaging technology has the advantages of no need for sample pretreatment, strong penetrating ability, adaptable to samples with rough surfaces, and non-contact and non-destructive. In addition, since near-infrared imaging can obtain near-infrared spectra in a space of several microns, in the analysis of trace substances, the problem of dilution of sample components in near-infrared spectral analysis can be avoided, and the detected target can be located. Therefore, it has a huge advantage in the detection of foreign substances.
三聚氰胺的近红外光谱特征明显，尤其在6900-6450cm-1波数范围内，与植物性蛋白饲料原料的光谱特征存在明显差异，这是近红外成像技术检测植物性蛋白饲料中三聚氰胺的光谱学依据。The near-infrared spectral characteristics of melamine are obvious, especially in the wavenumber range of 6900-6450cm -1 , which is significantly different from the spectral characteristics of plant-based protein feed materials. This is the spectral basis for the detection of melamine in plant-based protein feed by near-infrared imaging technology.
通过对专利文献、期刊杂志及其他公开发表的文献进行检索，本发明在国内外未见报道，在国内没有公开使用。By retrieving patent documents, journals and other published documents, the present invention has not been reported at home and abroad, and has not been publicly used in China.
发明内容 Contents of the invention
本发明的目的在于，提供一种植物性蛋白饲料中三聚氰胺的识别和定位方法，用于解决现有的检测植物性蛋白饲料中三聚氰胺的方法存在的问题。The object of the present invention is to provide a method for identifying and locating melamine in vegetable protein feed, which is used to solve the problems existing in the existing methods for detecting melamine in vegetable protein feed.
为实现上述目的，本发明提供的技术方案是，一种植物性蛋白饲料中三聚氰胺的识别和定位方法，其特征是所述方法包括：In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution provided by the present invention is a method for identifying and locating melamine in a vegetable protein feed, characterized in that the method comprises:
步骤1：采集待测植物性蛋白饲料样本的近红外图像；Step 1: Collect near-infrared images of the plant protein feed sample to be tested;
步骤2：对待测植物性蛋白饲料样本的近红外图像进行基线校正处理；Step 2: Perform baseline correction processing on the near-infrared image of the plant protein feed sample to be tested;
步骤3：采集三聚氰胺的近红外光谱特征和无杂质的植物性蛋白饲料的近红外光谱特征；Step 3: collecting the near-infrared spectrum characteristics of melamine and the near-infrared spectrum characteristics of impurity-free vegetable protein feed;
步骤4：根据三聚氰胺的近红外光谱特征和无杂质的植物性蛋白饲料的近红外光谱特征，对待测植物性蛋白饲料样本进行特征波长成像分析，判断待测植物性蛋白饲料样本是否含有三聚氰胺并对所含三聚氰胺进行定位。Step 4: According to the near-infrared spectral characteristics of melamine and the near-infrared spectral characteristics of the impurity-free vegetable protein feed, perform characteristic wavelength imaging analysis on the sample of vegetable protein feed to be tested, determine whether the sample of vegetable protein feed to be tested contains melamine and determine Contains melamine for positioning.
所述植物性蛋白饲料为豆粕、棉粕、菜籽粕、花生粕或者玉米蛋白粉。The vegetable protein feed is soybean meal, cotton meal, rapeseed meal, peanut meal or corn gluten meal.
所述对待测植物性蛋白饲料样本的近红外图像进行基线校正处理具体是使用6100-6200cm-1波数处的吸收值作为基准进行基线校正。The baseline correction processing of the near-infrared image of the plant protein feed sample to be tested is specifically to use the absorption value at the wave number of 6100-6200cm −1 as a reference to perform baseline correction.
所述步骤4具体是：The step 4 is specifically:
（1）选择6900-6450cm-1波数范围内三聚氰胺的近红外光谱特征和无杂质的植物性蛋白饲料的近红外光谱特征中吸光度值差异最大的波数；(1) Select the wavenumber with the largest difference in absorbance between the near-infrared spectral characteristics of melamine within the wavenumber range of 6900-6450cm -1 and the near-infrared spectral characteristics of vegetable protein feed without impurities;
（2）获取待测植物性蛋白饲料样本在所述吸光度值差异最大的波数处的图像；(2) Obtain the image of the plant protein feed sample to be tested at the wavenumber at which the difference in absorbance value is the largest;
（3）判断待测植物性蛋白饲料样本在所述吸光度值差异最大的波数处的图像中是否存在吸光度值大于设定阈值的点，如果待测植物性蛋白饲料样本在所述吸光度值差异最大的波数处的图像中存在吸光度值大于设定阈值的点，则待测植物性蛋白饲料样本中含有三聚氰胺且所述吸光度值大于设定阈值的点所对应的位置为三聚氰胺所在的位置。(3) Determine whether there is a point whose absorbance value is greater than the set threshold in the image of the plant-based protein feed sample at the wave number where the difference in absorbance value is the largest, if the plant-based protein feed sample to be tested has the largest difference in absorbance value There is a point at which the absorbance value is greater than the set threshold in the image at the wavenumber, then the vegetable protein feed sample to be tested contains melamine and the position corresponding to the point at which the absorbance value is greater than the set threshold is the position of melamine.
所述吸光度值差异最大的波数为6805cm-1。The wavenumber at which the difference in absorbance values is the largest is 6805 cm -1 .
所述设定阈值为0.06。The set threshold is 0.06.
本发明采用纯物理方法检测植物性蛋白饲料中是否含有三聚氰胺，无需繁琐的前处理步骤，处理过程中无需使用化学试剂，避免检测过程中对环境造成的污染；同时使用本方法在检测过程中无需测试仪器接触样品，无需破坏待测样品，具有检测速度快，检测结果准确等特点。The present invention uses a purely physical method to detect whether melamine is contained in vegetable protein feed, without cumbersome pretreatment steps, without using chemical reagents in the process of processing, and avoiding pollution to the environment during the detection process; The test instrument contacts the sample without destroying the sample to be tested, and has the characteristics of fast detection speed and accurate detection results.
附图说明 Description of drawings
图1是植物性蛋白饲料中三聚氰胺的识别和定位方法流程图；Fig. 1 is the flow chart of the identification and location method of melamine in vegetable protein feed;
图2是三聚氰胺和无杂质的豆粕的近红外光谱特征图；Fig. 2 is the near-infrared spectrum characteristic figure of melamine and the soybean meal without impurity;
图3是待测豆粕样本的检测结果示意图；其中，(a)是待测豆粕样本的近红外图，(b)是待测豆粕样本在6805cm-1波数处的图像，(c)是待测豆粕样本在6805cm-1波数处的图像中高亮度点提取和定位示意图，(d)是图3(c)中被判断为三聚氰胺的三个高亮度点提取的近红外光谱图。Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the detection results of the soybean meal sample to be tested; wherein, (a) is the near-infrared image of the soybean meal sample to be tested, (b) is the image of the soybean meal sample to be tested at a wave number of 6805cm -1 , and (c) is the image of the soybean meal sample to be tested Schematic diagram of the extraction and positioning of high-brightness points in the image of the soybean meal sample at a wavenumber of 6805 cm -1 , (d) is the near-infrared spectrum extracted from the three high-brightness points judged to be melamine in Figure 3(c).
具体实施方式 Detailed ways
下面结合附图，对优选实施例作详细说明。应该强调的是，下述说明仅仅是示例性的，而不是为了限制本发明的范围及其应用。The preferred embodiments will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. It should be emphasized that the following description is only exemplary and not intended to limit the scope of the invention and its application.
本实施例以豆粕为植物性蛋白饲料，说明本发明的实施过程。The present embodiment uses soybean meal as vegetable protein feed to illustrate the implementation process of the present invention.
图1是植物性蛋白饲料中三聚氰胺的识别和定位方法流程图。如图1所示，豆粕中三聚氰胺的识别和定位方法包括：Fig. 1 is a flow chart of the method for identifying and locating melamine in vegetable protein feed. As shown in Figure 1, methods for identifying and locating melamine in soybean meal include:
步骤1：采集待测豆粕样本的近红外图像。Step 1: Collect a near-infrared image of the soybean meal sample to be tested.
以聚四氟乙烯标准白板为背景，使用近红外成像仪，采用漫反射方式采集待测豆粕样本的近红外图像，光谱分辨率为32cm-1，空间分辨率为25μm×25μm，像素点扫描次数为8次，干涉仪动镜速度1cm/s。With the Teflon standard white board as the background, the near-infrared imager is used to collect the near-infrared image of the soybean meal sample to be tested by diffuse reflectance, with a spectral resolution of 32cm -1 and a spatial resolution of 25μm×25μm. 8 times, the moving mirror speed of the interferometer is 1cm/s.
待测豆粕样本为可能添加有三聚氰胺的豆粕混合物。在采集近红外图像前，先采用饲料通用混合设备或小型实验室混合设备进行均匀混合处理，如果不具备相应设备，也可采用人工混匀的操作方法进行混合，混合时间不低于1分钟，以保证待测豆粕样本具有足够高的均匀性。The soybean meal sample tested was a soybean meal mixture that may have added melamine. Before collecting near-infrared images, firstly use feed general mixing equipment or small laboratory mixing equipment for uniform mixing treatment. If there is no corresponding equipment, manual mixing can also be used for mixing. The mixing time is not less than 1 minute. In order to ensure that the soybean meal sample to be tested has a sufficiently high uniformity.
步骤2：对待测豆粕样本的近红外图像进行基线校正处理。Step 2: Perform baseline correction processing on the near-infrared image of the soybean meal sample to be tested.
在进行基线校正处理时，通常以不存在明显吸收波数处的吸收值作为基准进行基线校正。本实施例使用6100-6200cm-1波数处的吸收值作为基准进行基线校正。When performing baseline correction processing, the absorption value at the place where there is no obvious absorption wavenumber is usually used as a reference for baseline correction. In this embodiment, the absorption value at the wavenumber of 6100-6200 cm −1 is used as a reference for baseline correction.
步骤3：采集三聚氰胺的近红外光谱特征和无杂质的豆粕的近红外光谱特征。Step 3: collecting the near-infrared spectrum characteristics of melamine and the near-infrared spectrum characteristics of impurity-free soybean meal.
采集三聚氰胺的近红外光谱特征时，先以聚四氟乙烯标准白板为背景，使用近红外成像仪，采集三聚氰胺的近红外图像，然后再提取其异性光谱特征，得到三聚氰胺的近红外光谱特征。同样，采集无杂质的豆粕的近红外光谱特征时，先以聚四氟乙烯标准白板为背景，使用近红外成像仪，采集无杂质的豆粕的近红外图像，然后再提取其异性光谱特征，得到无杂质的豆粕的近红外光谱特征。采集到的三聚氰胺的近红外光谱特征和无杂质的豆粕的近红外光谱特征如图2所示。When collecting the near-infrared spectral characteristics of melamine, the near-infrared imager is used to collect the near-infrared image of melamine with a polytetrafluoroethylene standard whiteboard as the background, and then its heterosexual spectral characteristics are extracted to obtain the near-infrared spectral characteristics of melamine. Similarly, when collecting the near-infrared spectral characteristics of soybean meal without impurities, the near-infrared imager is used to collect the near-infrared images of soybean meal without impurities, and then its heterogeneous spectral characteristics are extracted to obtain Near-infrared spectral characterization of impurity-free soybean meal. The near-infrared spectrum characteristics of the collected melamine and the near-infrared spectrum characteristics of soybean meal without impurities are shown in Figure 2.
步骤4：根据三聚氰胺的近红外光谱特征和无杂质的豆粕的近红外光谱特征，对待测豆粕样本进行特征波长成像分析，判断待测豆粕样本是否含有三聚氰胺并对所含三聚氰胺进行定位。Step 4: According to the near-infrared spectral characteristics of melamine and the near-infrared spectral characteristics of soybean meal without impurities, perform characteristic wavelength imaging analysis on the soybean meal sample to be tested to determine whether the soybean meal sample to be tested contains melamine and locate the contained melamine.
（1）选择6900-6450cm-1波数范围内三聚氰胺的近红外光谱特征和无杂质的豆粕的近红外光谱特征中吸光度值差异最大的波数。(1) Select the wavenumber with the largest difference in absorbance between the near-infrared spectral characteristics of melamine and the near-infrared spectral characteristics of soybean meal without impurities within the wavenumber range of 6900-6450cm -1 .
三聚氰胺的近红外光谱特征在6900-6450cm-1波数范围内，与植物性蛋白饲料的近红外光谱特征存在明显差异。特别地，图2中在波数6805cm-1附近，三聚氰胺的近红外光谱特征与无杂质的豆粕的近红外光谱特征吸光度值差异尤其明显。这是由于三聚氰胺是一种三嗪类含氮杂环有机化合物，在波数6805cm-1处存在敏感吸收峰，反映了N-H组合频吸收，而豆粕在该波数处无明显吸收峰。依照图2，选取波数6805cm-1为吸光度值差异最大的波数。The near-infrared spectral characteristics of melamine are in the wavenumber range of 6900-6450cm -1 , which is obviously different from the near-infrared spectral characteristics of vegetable protein feed. In particular, near the wavenumber 6805 cm -1 in Fig. 2, the difference in absorbance between the near-infrared spectrum characteristic of melamine and the near-infrared spectrum characteristic of soybean meal without impurities is particularly obvious. This is because melamine is a triazine nitrogen-containing heterocyclic organic compound, and there is a sensitive absorption peak at the wave number 6805 cm -1 , which reflects the combined frequency absorption of NH, while soybean meal has no obvious absorption peak at this wave number. According to Figure 2, the wavenumber 6805cm -1 is selected as the wavenumber with the largest difference in absorbance values.
（2）获取待测豆粕样本在6805cm-1波数处的图像。(2) Obtain the image of the soybean meal sample to be tested at the wave number of 6805cm -1 .
图3是待测豆粕样本的检测结果示意图。在本实施例中，经过步骤1的近红外图像采集过程，得到了图3(a)，即待测豆粕样本的近红外图。对该图在波数6805cm-1处进行处理，得到图3(b)，即待测豆粕样本在6805cm-1波数处的图像。图3中，Micrometers为微米，Abs为吸光度值。Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the detection results of the soybean meal samples to be tested. In this embodiment, after the near-infrared image collection process in Step 1, Figure 3(a), which is the near-infrared image of the soybean meal sample to be tested, is obtained. The image was processed at the wavenumber of 6805cm -1 to obtain Figure 3(b), which is the image of the soybean meal sample to be tested at the wavenumber of 6805cm -1 . In Figure 3, Micrometers is microns, and Abs is the absorbance value.
（3）判断待测豆粕样本在6805cm-1波数处的图像中是否存在吸光度值大于设定阈值的点，如果待测豆粕样本在6805cm-1波数处的图像中存在吸光度值大于设定阈值的点，则待测豆粕样本中含有三聚氰胺且该吸光度值大于设定阈值的点所对应的位置为三聚氰胺所在的位置。(3) Determine whether there is a point with an absorbance value greater than the set threshold in the image of the soybean meal sample to be tested at the wave number of 6805 cm -1 , if there is a point with an absorbance value greater than the set threshold point, the soybean meal sample to be tested contains melamine and the position corresponding to the point whose absorbance value is greater than the set threshold is the position of melamine.
利用6805cm-1波数处近红外光谱特征差异，可以对待测豆粕样本进行特征波长成像分析，即观测待测豆粕样品在波数6805cm-1处的图像，根据该图像中每个像素点在该波数处的吸光度值，确定待测豆粕样本是否含有三聚氰胺并对所含三聚氰胺进行定位。图3(b)是待测豆粕样本在6805cm-1波数处的图像，观测图3(b)，找到图中吸光度值高的像素点（高亮斑点或红色斑点），表明待测豆粕样本中含有三聚氰胺，并且可根据其空间位置进行定位。反之则待测豆粕样本中不含三聚氰胺。通常，吸光度值大于0.06的点即认为是含有三聚氰胺的点。经过上述对图3(b)中的吸光度值高的点进行提取和定位，得到图3(c)，即待测豆粕样本在6805cm-1波数处的图像中高亮度点提取和定位示意图。图3(d)是图3(c)中被判断为三聚氰胺的三个高亮度点提取的近红外光谱图。Using the difference in near-infrared spectral features at the wavenumber of 6805cm -1 , the characteristic wavelength imaging analysis of the soybean meal sample to be tested can be carried out, that is, the image of the soybean meal sample to be tested at the wavenumber of 6805cm -1 can be observed, and according to the The absorbance value is determined to determine whether the soybean meal sample to be tested contains melamine and locates the contained melamine. Figure 3(b) is the image of the soybean meal sample to be tested at the wavenumber of 6805cm -1 . Observe Figure 3(b) and find the pixels with high absorbance values (highlight spots or red spots) in the picture, indicating that the soybean meal sample to be tested is Contains melamine and can be positioned according to its spatial position. Otherwise, the soybean meal sample to be tested does not contain melamine. Generally, spots with an absorbance value greater than 0.06 are considered to contain melamine. After the above-mentioned extraction and positioning of the points with high absorbance values in Figure 3(b), Figure 3(c) is obtained, which is a schematic diagram of the extraction and positioning of high-brightness points in the image of the soybean meal sample to be tested at the wave number of 6805cm -1 . Fig. 3(d) is a near-infrared spectrum extracted from three high-brightness points judged to be melamine in Fig. 3(c).
本发明对豆粕中很少量三聚氰胺进行检测，可检测到含量为0.1%样本中的三聚氰胺。本发明同样适用于棉粕、菜籽粕、花生粕、玉米蛋白粉等其它植物性蛋白饲料原料中三聚氰胺的检测。The invention detects a small amount of melamine in the soybean meal, and can detect the melamine in a sample with a content of 0.1%. The invention is also applicable to the detection of melamine in other vegetable protein feed materials such as cotton meal, rapeseed meal, peanut meal and corn gluten meal.
本发明对植物性蛋白饲料样本进行近红外成像，并根据特异性光谱特征进行三聚氰胺的识别和定位，整个检测过程无需样品前处理，无化学试剂污染，检测步骤快速、简便、无损、绿色。此外，近红外成像可以得到几个微米空间的近红外光谱，在对微量物质的分析中，可以避免近红外光谱分析中样品成分稀释的问题，并可以对检测到的目标物进行空间位置定位。The invention performs near-infrared imaging on plant protein feed samples, and identifies and locates melamine according to specific spectral features. The whole detection process does not require sample pretreatment, no chemical reagent pollution, and the detection steps are fast, simple, non-destructive and green. In addition, near-infrared imaging can obtain near-infrared spectra in a space of several microns. In the analysis of trace substances, it can avoid the problem of dilution of sample components in near-infrared spectral analysis, and can position the detected objects in space.
以上所述，仅为本发明较佳的具体实施方式，但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内，可轻易想到的变化或替换，都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。因此，本发明的保护范围应该以权利要求的保护范围为准。The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention can easily think of changes or Replacement should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be determined by the protection scope of the claims.
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