CN102853344B

CN102853344B - LED streetlamp

Info

Publication number: CN102853344B
Application number: CN201210348114.6A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 陈伟星
Original assignee: JIANGSU S-SHINE LIGHTING TECHNOLOGY Co Ltd
Current assignee: Jiangsu Shanshui Energy Saving Service Co ltd
Priority date: 2012-09-19
Filing date: 2012-09-19
Publication date: 2014-07-30
Anticipated expiration: 2032-09-19
Also published as: CN102853344A

Abstract

The invention relates to an LED streetlamp and belongs to the technical field of road illumination equipment. The LED streetlamp comprises a front shell, a rear shell, a pair of frame strips, an LED driver, a group of LED modules and a dust cover, and is characterized in that shell inserting block insertion cavities are formed on lower portions of the pair of frame strips, LED module seat strips are formed on upper portions of the pair of frame strips, LED module positioning mechanisms are disposed on the LED module seat strips, two ends of the front shell extend to form front shell inserting blocks, and two ends of the rear shell extend to form rear shell inserting blocks; a lightning arrester is arranged in a rear shell cavity of the rear shell; a front shell pivot seat is formed at one end of the front shell, first pivot grooves are arranged on the front shell pivot seat, a rear shell pivot seat is formed at one end of the rear shell, and second pivot grooves are arranged on the rear shell pivot seat; and two ends of the LED driver and two ends of the group of LED modules are shelved on the LED module seat strips, and a ventilating cavity is reserved between each two adjacent LED modules. The LED streetlamp is good in radiating and dust prevention effect, convenient to assemble, inspect and maintain and can be prevented from being damaged by lightning stroke, and a matching effect among the front shell, the rear shell and a frame is good.

Description

LED street lamp

Technical field

the invention belongs to road lighting equipment technical field, be specifically related to a kind of LED street lamp.

Background technology

lED street lamp at least has following strong point: the one, there is not diffusion of light, and can ensure light efficiency; The 2nd, light efficiency is high and energy-conservation; The 3rd, there is excellent colour rendering with respect to high-pressure mercury lamp; The 4th, light decay little (being less than 3%), long service life; The 5th, be safe voltage owing to using voltage, be therefore applicable to public place and be suitable for combining with solar photovoltaic generation system, wind generator system; The 6th, because LED crystal particle volume is little, therefore can be prepared into the illuminating equipment of various shapes, and be suitable for the harsh environment such as easy vibration; The 7th, because can reach more than 50,000 hours service life, therefore maintenance workload is little; The 8th, junction temperature is low, LED chip long service life; The 9th, because light source does not contain harmful substance as mercury, thereby there is environmental protection effect; The tenth, owing to easily forming modularity and by independent overcurrent protection and/or connection in series-parallel protection, therefore there will not be the situation of injuring all, etc.

about the technical information of LED street lamp, in published Chinese patent literature, be no lack of and be seen in, slightly with exemplify as Granted publication CN101551076B(LED street lamp), CN101598282B(LED street lamp), CN101608757B(LED street lamp), CN201628197U(LED street lamp), CN201652037U(LED street lamp), CN20208727U(LED street lamp), CN201935080U(LED street lamp), CN202327866U(LED street lamp), etc., etc.

as is known in the industry, because light emitting diode is that LED(English name is: the used heat producing when Light Emitting Diode) luminous himself service life has considerable influence to LED, therefore conventionally help distribute heat by heat abstractor, use the service life that extends LED.Especially in recent years, along with great power LED is continually developed and is widely used, thus more harsh to heat radiation requirement, even become industry to attack difficult gram of difficult problem.

technical information around LED road lamp cooling can be seen in equally in Chinese patent literature, typical as: " LED street lamp " and document B that document A) .CN201666507U recommends) .CN201935077U " the LED street lamp " that provide, document A) and document B) modularization effect and desirable radiating effect all there is, but there is following logical fraud: one, due to assembling trouble between LED die and a pair of parallel moulding (document A claim support bar), and lack the protectiveness location measure to LED module, thereby be in use prone to such as situation loosening and even that deviate from, its two, due to LED street lamp be used in outdoor, therefore the severe situation of weather particularly thunder and lightning easily it is exerted an influence, and above-mentioned document A and B all do not provide the enlightenment of effective safeguard measure, they are three years old, for document B, document A has additional protective dustproof cover, cover under the prerequisite that does not affect fin heat radiation and play and prevent that extraneous trifle in the world from accumulating in the effect of fin by protective dustproof, but the protective dustproof cover of document A instruction with lose coordinating of moulding rationally, load and unload when will be to the inspection of LED module very loaded down with trivial details, its four, owing to can not effectively showing the effect of slitless connection between a pair of frame and forward and backward housing, therefore globality shortcoming, they are five years old, document B does not provide the structural relation of LED module self, and document A has clearly instructed the assembled relation of LED module, but because document A is combined as a whole relying on securing member between lens board, light source board (patent claims lamp plate) and fin three, cause trouble therefore to manufacture and assembling and inspection.

in view of above-mentioned prior art, be necessary rational modification in addition, for this reason, the applicant has done positive and useful design, and technical scheme described below produces under this background.

Summary of the invention

task of the present invention is to provide a kind of and contributes to embody good modularization effect and use convenient for assembly and inspection, be conducive to not only to ensure the radiating effect of fin but also avoid extraneous trifle in the world invasion and attack and even stop up the ventilating duct between fin and use the service life that extends LED module, be of value to and avoid LED module occur in process under arms loosening and even come off and use and embody excellent locating effect, have and be convenient to reply thunderbolt and use and prevent that thunder and lightning from causing the impact on LED module and having and be good at making frame and front, between back casing, show good fiting effect and use the LED street lamp of promoting associative perception and sight property.

task of the present invention completes like this, a kind of LED street lamp, before comprising, back casing, before being positioned at, one end parallel and separately between back casing and procapsid connect and a pair of moulding that the other end separately and back casing connect, be arranged on the LED driver between a pair of moulding, be arranged between a pair of moulding be arranged on one group of LED module LED driver electrical connection and pivot before, dust cover for LED module is protected on back casing and corresponding with described LED module, be characterised in that: the each formation in bottom of the length direction of described a pair of moulding has a housing inserted block to insert embedding chamber, and the top of the length direction of a pair of moulding and in position to correspond to each other each form have a LED module seat bar, be provided with a LED module positioning device at LED module seat bar head lamp brush guard pivot, the two ends of described procapsid and be respectively extended with a procapsid inserted block in the position corresponding to described a pair of moulding, procapsid inserted block inserts described housing inserted block and inserts in embedding chamber, the two ends of described back casing and be extended with a back casing inserted block in the position of a pair of moulding corresponding to described, back casing inserted block inserts described housing inserted block and inserts in embedding chamber, in the back cover body cavity of described back casing, be provided with an arrester, this arrester and the electrical connection of described LED driver, form and have a procapsid pivotal block in one end of described procapsid, on this procapsid pivotal block, offer one first pivot channel, form and have a back casing pivotal block in one end of described back casing and in the position corresponding to procapsid pivotal block, on this back casing pivotal block, offer one second pivot channel, one end of one side of described dust cover length direction coordinates with the first pivot channel pivot, and the other end coordinates with the second pivot channel pivot, one end and the procapsid of the length direction opposite side of dust cover are fixed, and the other end and back casing are fixed, the two ends of the two ends of described LED driver and one group of LED module are shelved on described LED module seat bar, and are limited by described LED module positioning device, between adjacent LED module, maintain vented cavity.

in a specific embodiment of the present invention, in one end of the described length direction of described dust cover and be fixed with one first shaft seat corresponding to the position of described procapsid pivotal block, on this first shaft seat, be fixed with one first rotating shaft, this first rotating shaft matches with the first described rotary axis groove, and the other end of a described side of the length direction of dust cover and be fixed with one second shaft seat corresponding to the position of described back casing pivotal block, on this second shaft seat, be fixed with one second rotating shaft, this second rotating shaft matches with described the second rotary axis groove.

in another specific embodiment of the present invention, on described dust cover, offer air vent with interval state.

in another specific embodiment of the present invention, on described back casing, be equipped with one and cover for the back cover body cavity to described the back casing lid protecting.

in another specific embodiment of the present invention, in the described back cover body cavity of described back casing, be provided with at least one piece of lamp stand strap.

also have in a specific embodiment of the present invention, one group of described LED module respectively comprises heat sink body, circuit board, reticle plate, form one group radiating fin back to a side of described circuit board with interval state in heat sink body, and each formation has a fin hanging feet at the two ends of heat sink body, fin hanging feet matches with described LED module seat bar, described LED module positioning device matches with fin hanging feet, circuit board is fixed between heat sink body and reticle plate and with heat sink body, on this circuit board, be provided with one group of LED light source with interval state, reticle plate is fixed with manner and heat sink body, in reticle plate and be provided with one group of lens corresponding to the position of described LED light source.

more of the present invention and in a specific embodiment, form and have a hanging feet groove, hanging feet groove to match with LED module seat bar towards a side of described LED module seat bar at described fin hanging feet; Position, edge in described reticle plate forms and has one group of card base with interval state, on each card base and towards a side of heat sink body, forms and has a grab, and grab buckles in heat sink body.

in of the present invention and then a specific embodiment, described LED module positioning device comprises module press strip, snap close and snap close seat, snap close seat is fixed on one end of the length direction of described LED module seat bar, snap close is connected on snap close seat, the other end of the pivotally connected length direction at LED module seat bar in one end of press strip, and the other end of press strip is configured to free end and locked or discharged by described snap close, described fin hanging feet is corresponding to the below of press strip.

of the present invention again more and in a specific embodiment, form and have a hanging feet indent in the bottom of the length direction of described press strip, described fin hanging feet probes in hanging feet indent.

in again of the present invention and then a specific embodiment, between described LED driver and fin module, form and have a ventilating duct.

one of technique effect that technical scheme provided by the invention has with respect to prior art, owing to forming and having a ventilating duct between adjacent module, by protective cover, LED module is played to protective action, therefore not only there is good radiating effect, and can prevent that extraneous trifle in the world productive set is in LED module, to extend the service life of LED module; Two, because one group of LED module shows as independently version each other, therefore there is unitization effect, contribute to assembling and daily inspection; Three, owing to having set up arrester in the back cover body cavity of back casing, thereby can avoid thunderbolt to cause damage; Four, all insert embedding chamber with the housing inserted block of a pair of moulding and match with Tenon effect due to procapsid and back casing, therefore the fiting effect between forward and backward housing and frame three is good, associative perception strong and be of value to and promote sight property.

Brief description of the drawings

fig. 1 is embodiments of the invention structure chart.

fig. 2 is the assembling assumption diagram of the LED module shown in Fig. 1.

Detailed description of the invention

for the auditor that the makes Patent Office especially public can be expressly understood technical spirit of the present invention and beneficial effect more, applicant elaborates the mode with embodiment below, but be not all the restriction to the present invention program to the description of embodiment, any done according to the present invention design only for pro forma but not substantial equivalent transformation all should be considered as technical scheme category of the present invention.

refer to Fig. 1, a procapsid 1, a back casing 2 and a pair of moulding 3 are provided, a pair of moulding 3 is parallel, and form and have a housing plug to insert embedding chamber 31 in the bottom of the length direction of each moulding 3, and on the top of the length direction of a pair of moulding 3 and in position to correspond to each other each form have a LED module seat bar 32, again, a pair of moulding 3 side is outward configured to arc surface.Procapsid 1 is respectively extended with a procapsid inserted block 11 towards the two ends of a side of a pair of moulding 3, and the shape of procapsid inserted block 11 and size are inserted embedding chamber 31 with housing inserted block and adapted, and inserts housing inserted block with Tenon fit system and insert in embedding chamber 31.In one end of procapsid 1 and be positioned at fore shell body cavity and also form and have a procapsid pivotal block 12, on this procapsid pivotal block 12, form and have one first pivot channel 121, there is one first dust cover holder 13 and form at the other end of procapsid 1 and in the position corresponding to procapsid pivotal block 12, the first dust cover holder 13 is positioned at fore shell body cavity, offers the first screw hole 131 on the first dust cover holder 13.Respectively be extended with a back casing inserted block 21 at back casing towards the two ends of a side of a pair of moulding 3, the shape of back casing inserted block 21 is inserted embedding chamber 31 with the same and aforesaid housing inserted block of size and is adapted, and is inserted in the slotting embedding of housing inserted block chamber 31 with Tenon fit system.In one end of back casing 1 and be positioned at back cover body cavity and also form and have a back casing pivotal block 23, this back casing pivotal block 23 is corresponding with procapsid pivotal block 12, and on this back casing pivotal block 23, also offer one second pivot channel 231, there is one second dust cover holder 26 and form at the other end of back casing 2 and in the position corresponding to the first dust cover holder 13, on this second dust cover holder 26, offer one second screw hole 261.

as shown in Figure 1, in the back cover body cavity of aforesaid back casing 2, preferably adopt adhesive or similar mode to be fixed with an arrester 22, this arrester 22 is electrically connected with the LED driver 4 that also will describe below, the outside power line 20 of introducing is electrically connected with arrester 22, and on arrester 22, also have an earth connection (not shown), the back casing 2 of earth connection and aluminum alloy material overlaps.In described back cover body cavity, be fixed with a pair of lamp stand fixed head 25, under use state, the lamp stand 10 of illustrating in figure probes in back cover body cavity and is located by a pair of lamp stand fixed head 25.Protect for the back cover body cavity to back casing 2 covers, therefore on back casing 2, be equipped with a back casing lid 24, specifically by a pair of back casing lid hold-down screw 241 with to be preset in the endoceliac pair of screws post 27 of back cover fixing.

please continue to refer to Fig. 1, one end each and rebound 41, two ends of the LED driver 4 of having mentioned above is fixed, the middle part of rebound 41 is fastened on aforesaid LED module seat bar 32, and the other end of rebound 41 is to cross LED module seat bar 32 rear fixing with moulding 3 with rebound hold-down screw 411.

refer to Fig. 2 and continue in conjunction with Fig. 1, in Fig. 1, provide quantity and be not limited to illustrate one group of identical LED module of structure that quantity (three) limits, figure 2 illustrates one of them LED module 5, comprise heat sink body 51, circuit board 52 and reticle plate 53, extend to form with interval state at the length direction of heat sink body 51 and in the side back to circuit board 52 and have one group of radiating fin 511, and have a fin hanging feet 512 in the each formation in the two ends of heat sink body 51, fin hanging feet 512 forms and has a hanging feet groove 5121 towards a side of aforesaid LED module seat bar 32, make the two ends of heat sink body 5 find a place in sight extension on the LED of a pair of moulding 3 module seat bar 32 by this hanging feet groove 5121, that is to say that LED module seat bar 32 probes in hanging feet groove 5121.Edge at circuit board 52 offers set of circuits plate fixing hole 522 with interval state, by circuit board hold-down screw 5221 and to add sealing ring 523 fixing with heat sink body 51 by its (its: refer to circuit board 52).Owing to being provided with LED light source on circuit board 52, therefore can claim circuit board 52 for light source board, the power lead-ining line 524 of circuit board 52 is being connected with aforesaid LED driver 4 after heat sink body 51.As preferred scheme, arrange a seal nipple 5241 at the end of power lead-ining line 524, connect by the sealing connection-peg (not shown) on the power outlet 42 of seal nipple 5241 and LED driver 4.Reticle plate 53 also can be described as lens board, in this reticle plate 53 and be embedded with the lens 531 that quantity equates with LED light source 521 corresponding to the position of aforesaid LED light source 521.Again, be extended with one group of card base 532 in the position, edge of reticle plate 53 and towards the direction of heat sink body 51, on each card base 532, form and have a grab 5321, each grab 5321 hooks are put and are buckled shortly in heat sink body 51.From the signal of Fig. 2 and description above, circuit board 52 is between heat sink body 51 and reticle plate 53.Also can respectively offer at the two ends of heat sink body 51 screw as preferred scheme and limit chamber 513, shown by the screw 33(Fig. 1 that limits being fixed on moulding 3) probe in this screw restriction chamber 513, and limited by nut 331, to stop move left and right (taking the location status shown in Fig. 1 as example) of heat sink body 51.

please see Fig. 1 by emphasis, for the two ends to one group of heat sink body 51 limit, for aforesaid fin hanging feet 512 is limited, therefore the present invention program is equipped with the LED module positioning device 7 that a pair of structure is identical, each LED module positioning device 7 preferably but not the structure being definitely limited to is as follows: comprise press strip 71, snap close 72 and snap close seat 73, the right-hand member that is location status shown in Fig. 1 in one end of LED module seat bar 32 offers a snap close seat fixing screw hole 321, and snap close seat 73 use snap close seat hold-down screws 731 are fixing with snap close seat fixing screw hole 321.Snap close 72 is connected on snap close seat 73.One end of press strip 71 is that the left end of shown position state is defaulting on the pin shaft hole 322 of LED module seat bar 32 left ends by bearing pin 712 is pivotally connected, and the right-hand member that the other end of press strip 71 is the location status shown in Fig. 1 is configured to free end and locked or discharged by aforesaid snap close 72.Form and have a hanging feet indent 711 in the bottom of the length direction of press strip 71, hanging feet indent 711, corresponding to aforesaid fin hanging feet 512, that is to say that fin hanging feet 512 probes in hanging feet groove 711.

when will be to 5 inspection of LED module, as long as by the operation to snap close 72, make snap close 72 remove the locking of the free end (diagram right-hand member) to press strip 71, and loose nut 331, and the grafting of seal nipple on the power outlet 42 of depressurization joint 5241 and LED driver 4, thereby LED module can be shifted out, be modular effect thereby embodied building block system.

as shown in Figure 1, between adjacent LED module 5, maintain spacing, be configured to vented cavity 8 by this spacing, and maintain spacing between aforesaid LED driver 4 and an adjacent LED module 5, be configured to ventilating duct 9 by this spacing.The document A and the B that in the superincumbent background technology of corresponding applicant hurdle, mention, the present invention program has more preferably radiating effect.

after above-mentioned assembling work completes, dust cover 6 is as shown in Figure 1 implemented to cover to protect to LED driver 4 and LED module 5, but does not affect radiating effect.As shown in Figure 1, in one end (left end) of a side of the length direction of dust cover 6 and be fixed with one first shaft seat 61 corresponding to the position of aforesaid procapsid pivotal block 12, on this first shaft seat 61, be fixed with one first rotating shaft 611, this first rotating shaft 611 matches with aforesaid the first rotary axis groove 121, and at the other end (right-hand member) of the described side of the length direction of dust cover 6 and be fixed with one second shaft seat 62 corresponding to the position of aforesaid back casing pivotal block 23, on this second shaft seat 62, be fixed with one second rotating shaft 621, this second rotating shaft 621 matches with aforesaid the second rotary axis groove 23, respectively offer a dust cover at the two ends of the opposite side of the length direction of dust cover 6 and limit screw hole 64, on each dust cover restriction screw hole 64, be equipped with a dust cover and limit screw 641, that is to say that dust cover limits screw 641 and has a pair of, it is fixing with aforesaid the first screw hole 131 that one of them dust cover limits screw 641, and another dust cover hold-down screw 641 is fixing with aforesaid the second screw hole 261.In order to cash the radiating effect of aforesaid guarantee LED module 5 and to prevent the heat sink body 51 of extraneous trifle in the world invasion and attack LED module 5, therefore on dust cover 6, offer air vent 63 with interval state.

in the time that LED module 5 is implemented to inspection, pine is opened aforesaid dust cover and limits screw 641, dust cover 6 can be opened, and vice versa.

because the operation principle of LED street lamp belongs to prior art, and the open source literature being exemplified in background technology hurdle by applicant confirms, and therefore the applicant no longer repeats it.In a word, technical scheme provided by the invention has overcome the shortcoming in prior art, has completed invention task, has objectively embodied the technique effect described in the superincumbent technique effect of applicant hurdle, and can yet be regarded as is a ultimate attainment technical scheme.

Claims

1. a kind of LED street lamp, before comprising, back casing (1, 2), before being positioned at, back casing (1, 2) one end parallel and separately between and procapsid (1) connect and a pair of moulding (3) that the other end separately and back casing (2) connect, be arranged on the LED driver (4) between a pair of moulding (3), be arranged between a pair of moulding (3) be arranged on one group of LED module (5) LED driver (4) electrical connection and pivot before, back casing (1, 2) dust cover (6) for LED module (5) is protected on and corresponding with described LED module (5), it is characterized in that: the each formation in bottom of the length direction of described a pair of moulding (3) has a housing inserted block to insert embedding chamber (31), and the top of the length direction of a pair of moulding (3) and in position to correspond to each other each form have a LED module seat bar (32), be provided with a LED module positioning device (7) at LED module seat bar (32) head lamp brush guard pivot, the two ends of described procapsid (1) and be respectively extended with a procapsid inserted block (11) corresponding to the position of described a pair of moulding (3), procapsid inserted block (11) inserts described housing inserted block and inserts in embedding chamber (31), the two ends of described back casing and be extended with a back casing inserted block (21) in the position of a pair of moulding (3) corresponding to described, back casing inserted block (21) inserts described housing inserted block and inserts in embedding chamber (31), in the back cover body cavity of described back casing (2), be provided with an arrester (22), this arrester (22) is electrically connected with described LED driver (4), form and have a procapsid pivotal block (12) in one end of described procapsid (1), on this procapsid pivotal block (12), offer one first pivot channel (121), form and have a back casing pivotal block (23) in one end of described back casing (2) and in the position corresponding to procapsid pivotal block (12), on this back casing pivotal block (23), offer one second pivot channel (231), one end of one side of described dust cover (6) length direction coordinates with the first pivot channel (121) pivot, and the other end coordinates with the second pivot channel (231) pivot, one end of the length direction opposite side of dust cover (6) and procapsid (1) are fixing, and the other end and back casing (2) are fixing, the two ends of described LED driver (4) and the two ends of one group of LED module (5) are shelved on described LED module seat bar (32), and limited by described LED module positioning device (7), between adjacent LED module (5), maintain vented cavity (8).

2. lED street lamp according to claim 1, it is characterized in that in one end of the described length direction of described dust cover (6) and be fixed with one first shaft seat (61) corresponding to the position of described procapsid pivotal block (12), on this first shaft seat (61), be fixed with one first rotating shaft (611), this first rotating shaft (611) matches with described the first pivot channel (121), and the other end of a described side of the length direction of dust cover (6) and be fixed with one second shaft seat (62) corresponding to the position of described back casing pivotal block (23), on this second shaft seat (62), be fixed with one second rotating shaft (621), this second rotating shaft (621) matches with described the second pivot channel (231).

3. lED street lamp according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that described dust cover (6) above offers air vent (63) with interval state.

4. lED street lamp according to claim 1, is characterized in that being equipped with on described back casing (2) one and covers for the back cover body cavity to described the back casing lid (24) protecting.

5. according to the LED street lamp described in claim 1 or 4, it is characterized in that being provided with at least one piece of lamp stand strap (25) in the described back cover body cavity of described back casing (2).

6. lED street lamp according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described one group of LED module (5) respectively comprises heat sink body (51), circuit board (52), reticle plate (53), form one group radiating fin (511) back to a side of described circuit board (52) with interval state in heat sink body (51), and each formation has a fin hanging feet (512) at the two ends of heat sink body (51), fin hanging feet (512) matches with described LED module seat bar (32), described LED module positioning device (7) matches with fin hanging feet (512), circuit board (52) is positioned between heat sink body (51) and reticle plate (53) and with heat sink body (51) to be fixed, above be provided with one group of LED light source (521) with interval state at this circuit board (52), reticle plate (53) is fixing with manner and heat sink body (51), go up and be provided with one group of lens (531) corresponding to the position of described LED light source (521) in reticle plate (53).

7. lED street lamp according to claim 6, it is characterized in that forming and having a hanging feet groove (5121) towards a side of described LED module seat bar (32) at described fin hanging feet (512), hanging feet groove (5121) matches with LED module seat bar (32); Position, edge in described reticle plate (53) forms and has one group of card base (532) with interval state, above and towards a side of heat sink body (51) form and have a grab (5321) at each card base (532), grab (5321) buckles in heat sink body (51).

8. lED street lamp according to claim 6, it is characterized in that described LED module positioning device (7) comprises module press strip (71), snap close (72) and snap close seat (73), snap close seat (73) is fixed on one end of the length direction of described LED module seat bar (32), snap close (72) is connected on snap close seat (73), the other end of the pivotally connected length direction at LED module seat bar (32) in one end of press strip (71), and the other end of press strip (71) is configured to free end and by described snap close (72) locking or discharge, described fin hanging feet (512) is corresponding to the below of press strip (71).

9. lED street lamp according to claim 8, it is characterized in that forming and having a hanging feet indent (711) in the bottom of the length direction of described press strip (71), described fin hanging feet (512) probes in hanging feet indent (711).