CN102842433A - Electrode material of super-capacitor and preparation method thereof as well as super-capacitor manufactured by electrode material - Google Patents
Electrode material of super-capacitor and preparation method thereof as well as super-capacitor manufactured by electrode material Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to an electrode material of a super-capacitor and a preparation method of the electrode material as well as a super-capacitor manufactured by the electrode material. The electrode material comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 50-99% of polyvinylidene fluoride groups and 1-50% of additives. The preparation method comprises the following steps of: mixing the polyvinylidene fluoride groups with the additives in percentage by weight and dissolving the obtained mixture by using an organic solvent; coating and drying the dissolved solution on a carrier film substrate to obtain a composite film; activating the composite film by a physiochemical process to obtain an electrode material made from the polyvinylidene fluoride groups; and preparing the obtain electrode material into a flexible super-capacitor. The electrode material prepared from the polyvinylidene fluoride groups without adding active substances, low in cost and fast in charge-discharge speed; the flexible super-capacitor manufactured by the electrode material is good in charge-discharge performance and long in cycle life; and the flexible super-capacitor can be bent and folded, and is 200 mu m in the thinnest thickness, thus meeting a miniaturization development trend of a device and expanding an application scope of the super-capacitor.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to electrode material for super capacitor and preparation method thereof, particularly a kind of electrode material for super capacitor and preparation method and by the ultracapacitor of its making belong to the energy storage device technical field.
Background technology
Ultracapacitor is called electrochemical capacitor again, and it has, and power density is big, the speed that discharges and recharges is fast, has extended cycle life, good stability, can be used as a kind of novel electric energy energy storage components and parts.Present employed electric energy energy-storage travelling wave tube mainly is a battery, but there are shortcomings such as power density is low, useful life is short, volume is big in battery, has limited its application greatly, and ultracapacitor can remedy this defective.Along with the fast development of large scale integrated circuit in fields such as microelectric technique, information and mechanics of communication, military science and technology, high-speed, big calculation of capacity machine technology, mechanics of communication, the focus that this ultracapacitor with good pulse charge-discharge performance and big capacity energy-storage property begins to become gradually whole world research.The storage of ultracapacitor energy is through the porous electrode that adopts high-specific surface area and stores energy between its diffuse double layer and realize.The electric capacity that produces during charging comprises: the electric double layer capacitance (double-layer capacitance) that is produced through aligning of electronics and ion or dipole at the electrode/electrolyte interface; Or at electrode surface or body two dimension or the accurate two-dimensional space in mutually, electroactive material generation underpotential deposition, high reversible chemisorbed, desorption or redox reaction produce the pseudo capacitance (pseudocapacitance) relevant with the electrode charging potential.
The performance of ultracapacitor is relevant with the barrier film of electrode material, electrolyte and use thereof, and electrode material is wherein topmost factor, because the quality of electrode material performance directly has influence on the quality of ultracapacitor performance.The electrode material that uses at present mainly contains material with carbon element, metal oxide and polymeric material.Wherein material with carbon element is used as double electric layer capacitor because have higher conductivity, big specific area; And metal oxide and polymer are accompanied by redox reaction in charge and discharge process, have bigger faradic currents, are used as the fake capacitance device.The ultracapacitor that uses is at present had relatively high expectations to the encapsulation of device mainly due to receiving electrode material and electrolytical restriction, and the volume of device is also bigger.In order to adapt to present device miniaturization, integrated and modular demand, solid-state flexible super capacitor has appearred.Solid-state flexible super capacitor adopts solid-state electrolyte, and electrode material generally is to have a flexible film, less demanding to encapsulation, and volume obviously reduces, and this has satisfied the market requirement thin, little, light to device.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is just providing a kind of flexible super capacitor electrode material and preparation method thereof, and provides a kind of and can satisfy that market is thin, little to device, the solid-state flexible super capacitor of a kind of polyvinylidene fluoride of light requirement.This flexible super capacitor electrode material comprise polyvinylidene fluoride and with Kynoar can produce the conduction active material additive; Method adopts Kynoar and the mixed in proportion film forming of additive, through physical and chemical process film is carried out activation processing and forms electrode material, is prepared as flexible super capacitor again.The electrode material of the present invention's preparation need not directly add active material; Good, the speed of flexible super capacitor charge-discharge performance of preparation is fast, have extended cycle life; Itself is flexible folding, and minimal thickness reaches 200 μ m.
For realizing above-mentioned purpose, the technical scheme that the present invention adopts following technical measures to constitute realizes.
Flexible super capacitor electrode material of the present invention, the composition of said material, what comprise 50～99% polyvinylidene fluoride and 1～50% by percentage to the quality can produce the additive of conduction active material with Kynoar.
In the such scheme, the additive that said and polyvinylidene fluoride can produce the conduction active material is potash salt material or potassium hydroxide alkalescence material.
In the such scheme, said additive is a potash salt material, and polyvinylidene fluoride and its mass percent are 99%:1%～50%:50%; Said additive is a potassium hydroxide alkalescence material, and polyvinylidene fluoride and its mass percent are 99%:1%～50%:50%.
The preparation method of a kind of flexible super capacitor electrode material of the present invention is characterized in that comprising following processing step:
The additive that (1) can produce the conduction active material with polyvinylidene fluoride with polyvinylidene fluoride fully is dissolved into mixed solution with organic solvent with it after 50～99%:1～50% mixes by mass percentage;
(2) mixed solution that is dissolved with polyvinylidene fluoride and additive that step (1) is obtained is coated on the substrate of carrier film, is dried into the Kynoar group compound film then;
(3) the Kynoar group compound film that step (2) is obtained carries out activation processing, thereby makes the membrane electrode material of flexible super capacitor.
In the such scheme, said additive is potash salt material or potassium hydroxide alkalescence material; Additive is a potash salt material, and polyvinylidene fluoride and its mass percent are 99%:1%～50%:50%; Additive is a potassium hydroxide alkalescence material, and polyvinylidene fluoride and its mass percent are 99%:1%～50%:50%.
In the such scheme, described organic solvent is to dissolve Kynoar, stable with respect to additive again N, dinethylformamide (DMF) or dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) (NMP) or N-methyl pyrrolidone (DMSO).
In the such scheme, said to Kynoar group compound film activation processing be with it 80～250 ℃ of following heat treatments 1～120 minute, then the composite membrane after the heat treatment was soaked in potassium hydroxide solution 1～600 minute.
In the such scheme, said is to utilize vapour deposition method to Kynoar group compound film activation processing; Or the sputter-deposited thin films method is depositing Au or Ag or Al or Fe metal on the composite membrane; Or utilize electro-plating method, on composite membrane, deposit Ag or Ni or Fe or Cu metal.
In the such scheme, said is to utilize electro-plating method to Kynoar group compound film activation processing, on composite membrane, deposits Ag or Ni or Fe or Cu metal.
The flexible super capacitor that the present invention makes according to the electrode material of method for preparing comprises electrode, collector, electrolyte; It is characterized in that it being that electrode material with the Kynoar group compound film is made electrode; Make collector with the flexible conducting material substrate, or be to plate one deck conductive metallic material at the back side of polyvinylidene fluoride membrane electrode with the collector of the polyvinylidene fluoride membrane electrode of glass substrate preparation; Its electrolyte is the solid electrolyte that in the middle of opposed facing two electrode materials, has added the ionic conduction and the double action of bonding two electrodes.
In the such scheme, the substrate of described flexible conducting material is selected from graphite paper or aluminium foil or nickel foam or copper sheet.
In the such scheme, said conductive metallic material is Au or Al or Ag.
In the such scheme, described solid electrolyte is polyvinyl alcohol and potassium hydroxide mixture or polyvinyl alcohol and phosphoric acid electrolyte mixture.
The present invention makes poly-vinylidene-fluoride composite film produce conduction active material and the loose structure that helps increasing electrode specific surface area and ion transfer; Improve capacity of super capacitor, reduce internal resistance, produce more active materials; Therefore, through physical and chemical process, or heat treatment certain hour at a certain temperature soaks certain hour with the composite membrane after the heat treatment then in potassium hydroxide solution with the compound film electrode material for preparing; Or through utilizing vapour deposition method or sputter vapor deposition film method deposit metallic material on prepared poly-vinylidene-fluoride composite film; Or utilize electro-plating method deposit metallic material on poly-vinylidene-fluoride composite film, thereby make the polyvinylidene fluoride membrane electrode material of flexible super capacitor.
The preparation method who the present invention is based on the flexible super capacitor of polyvinylidene fluoride has following characteristics and beneficial technical effects:
Flexible super capacitor electrode material provided by the present invention, prepared flexible super capacitor has bigger electric capacity and less resistance; The electrode material of this flexible super capacitor be directly with polyvinylidene fluoride and with composite membrane that polyvinylidene fluoride can produce the additive preparation of conduction active material be electrode material; Through the physical chemistry processing procedure; Make polyvinylidene fluoride itself can produce active material; Improved the contact of Kynoar and active material like this, let active material be evenly distributed in the polyvinylidene fluoride more; Or make Kynoar group compound film and additive can produce the conduction active material and help the loose structure of ion transfer through heat treatment, so just can more simply increase the specific area of electrode material, raising flexible super capacitor electric capacity.That the flexible super capacitor of method of the present invention preparation not only has is flexible preferably, thickness is little, and has very high power density and energy density, and its have extended cycle life, cost is low, preparation technology is simple, be fit to produce and use on a large scale.
Description of drawings
The cyclic voltammetric test result of the flexible super capacitor that Fig. 1 prepares for the embodiment of the invention 1;
The constant current charge-discharge test result of the flexible super capacitor that Fig. 2 prepares for the embodiment of the invention 1;
The cyclic voltammetric test result of the flexible super capacitor that Fig. 3 prepares for the embodiment of the invention 3;
The constant current charge-discharge test result of the flexible super capacitor that Fig. 4 prepares for the embodiment of the invention 3;
The cyclic voltammetric test result of the flexible super capacitor that Fig. 5 prepares for the embodiment of the invention 4;
The constant current charge-discharge test result of the flexible super capacitor that Fig. 6 prepares for the embodiment of the invention 4.
Embodiment
With specific embodiment and design sketch thereof the present invention is done further detailed description below, but and do not mean that it is any qualification of the present invention being protected content, content promptly of the present invention is not limited only to content related among the embodiment.
Used electronic balance is the FA-1104N type electronic analytical balance that technical device Co., Ltd of last Nereid section produces in the embodiment of the invention;
Used thermostatic drying chamber is analysed the KXH101-2A type thermostatic drying chamber that laboratory apparatus factory produces for Chinese Shanghai section;
Used PVDF is that fluorine chemical Co., Ltd produces in the Chengdu;
The used electrochemical workstation of test result is the CS3500 electrochemical workstation of the special company of Wuhan Cohan.
Embodiment 1:
Kynoar and potash are the ratio weighing of 77%:23% by mass percentage, the raw materials mix that takes by weighing is even, fully be dissolved into mixed solution to the raw material that mixes with the DMF solvent, form the colloidal sol shape; Be coated in mixed sols equably on the graphite paper substrate then, with will on graphite paper, forming one deck composite membrane after the thermostatic drying chamber oven dry; With this composite membrane 220 ℃ of following heat treatments 60 minutes; In potassium hydroxide solution, soaked the composite membrane after the heat treatment 30 minutes; After the taking-up; Composite membrane after will soaking again carried out activation processing 30 minutes under 200 ℃, so just having prepared with the poly-vinylidene-fluoride composite film is the electrode material of flexible super capacitor; The mixed liquor of using polyvinyl alcohol and potassium hydroxide electrolyte again is as bonding agent; Be bonded together opposed facing two plate electrodes, promptly be prepared into graphite paper substrate with carrier film and be collector, be electrode, be the flexible super capacitor of solid electrolyte with polyvinyl alcohol and potassium hydroxide mixed electrolytic solution with the Kynoar electrode material.Survey its cyclic voltammetric and constant current charge-discharge with electrochemical workstation, its test result is seen Fig. 1, Fig. 2, can know that from Fig. 2 its electric capacity is about 25mF/cm
2
Embodiment 2:
Kynoar and potash are the ratio weighing of 99%:1% by mass percentage, the raw materials mix that takes by weighing is even, fully be dissolved into mixed solution to the raw material that mixes with nmp solvent, form the colloidal sol shape; Be coated in mixed sols equably on the aluminum substrates then, with will on aluminium foil, forming one deck composite membrane after the thermostatic drying chamber oven dry; With this composite membrane 250 ℃ of following heat treatments 1 minute; In potassium hydroxide solution, soaked the composite membrane after the heat treatment 600 minutes; After the taking-up; Composite membrane after will soaking again carried out activation processing 1 minute under 250 ℃, so just having prepared with the poly-vinylidene-fluoride composite film is the electrode material of flexible super capacitor; The mixed liquor of using polyvinyl alcohol and potassium hydroxide electrolyte again is as bonding agent; Be bonded together opposed facing two plate electrodes, promptly be prepared into aluminum substrates with carrier film and be collector, be electrode, be the flexible super capacitor of solid electrolyte with polyvinyl alcohol and potassium hydroxide mixed electrolytic solution with the Kynoar electrode material.
Embodiment 3:
Kynoar and potash are the ratio weighing of 50%:50% by mass percentage, the raw materials mix that takes by weighing is even, fully be dissolved into mixed solution to the raw material that mixes with the DMSO solvent, form the colloidal sol shape; Be coated in mixed sols equably on the nickel foam substrate then, with will on nickel foam, forming one deck composite membrane after the thermostatic drying chamber oven dry; With this composite membrane 80 ℃ of following heat treatments 120 minutes; In potassium hydroxide solution, soaked the composite membrane after the heat treatment 600 minutes; After the taking-up; Composite membrane after will soaking again carried out activation processing 120 minutes under 80 ℃, so just having prepared with the poly-vinylidene-fluoride composite film is the electrode material of flexible super capacitor; The mixed liquor of using polyvinyl alcohol and potassium hydroxide electrolyte again is as bonding agent; Be bonded together opposed facing two plate electrodes, promptly be prepared into nickel foam substrate with carrier film and be collector, be electrode, be the flexible super capacitor of solid electrolyte with polyvinyl alcohol and potassium hydroxide mixed electrolytic solution with the Kynoar electrode material.Test result is seen Fig. 3 and Fig. 4, can know that from Fig. 4 its electric capacity is about 115mF/cm
2
Embodiment 4:
Kynoar and potash are the ratio weighing of 60%:40% by mass percentage, the raw materials mix that takes by weighing is even, fully be dissolved into mixed solution to the raw material that mixes with the DMF solvent, form the colloidal sol shape; Be coated in mixed sols equably on the glass substrate then, will be after drying with thermostatic drying chamber at formation one deck composite membrane on glass;
Take off composite membrane with it 120 ℃ of following heat treatments 100 minutes, all utilize sputtering method to plate the Au metal composite membrane two sides after the heat treatment, so just having prepared with the poly-vinylidene-fluoride composite film is the electrode material of flexible super capacitor; The collector of said polyvinylidene fluoride membrane electrode with glass substrate preparation is to plate one deck conductive metallic material Au at the back side of polyvinylidene fluoride membrane electrode.
Use the electrolytical mixed liquor of polyvinyl alcohol and phosphoric acid electrolyte as bonding agent again; Be bonded together opposed facing two plate electrodes; Utilize sputtering method plating Au metal as collector once more on prepared antetype device two sides, promptly to be prepared into the gold electrode be collector, be electrode, be the flexible super capacitor of solid electrolyte with polyvinyl alcohol and phosphoric acid electrolyte mixed electrolytic solution with the Kynoar electrode material.Its test result is seen Fig. 5 and 6, can know that from Fig. 6 its electric capacity is about 280mF/cm
2
Embodiment 5:
Kynoar and potash are the ratio weighing of 80%:20% by mass percentage, the raw materials mix that takes by weighing is even, fully be dissolved into mixed solution to the raw material that mixes with the DMF solvent, form the colloidal sol shape; Be coated in mixed sols equably on the glass substrate then, will be after drying with thermostatic drying chamber at formation one deck composite membrane on glass; Take off composite membrane with it 160 ℃ of following heat treatments 60 minutes, all utilize galvanoplastic to plate the Ni metal composite membrane two sides after the heat treatment, so just having prepared with the poly-vinylidene-fluoride composite film is the electrode material of flexible super capacitor; Use the electrolytical mixed liquor of polyvinyl alcohol and phosphoric acid electrolyte as bonding agent again; Be bonded together opposed facing two plate electrodes; Utilize sputtering method plating Al metal as collector on prepared antetype device two sides, promptly be prepared into the aluminium electrode and be collector, be electrode, be the flexible super capacitor of solid electrolyte with polyvinyl alcohol and phosphoric acid electrolyte mixed electrolytic solution with the Kynoar electrode material.
Embodiment 6:
Kynoar and potash are the ratio weighing of 90%:10% by mass percentage, the raw materials mix that takes by weighing is even, fully be dissolved into mixed solution to the raw material that mixes with nmp solvent, form the colloidal sol shape; Be coated in mixed sols equably on the graphite paper substrate then, with will on graphite paper, forming one deck composite membrane after the thermostatic drying chamber oven dry; Take off composite membrane with it 200 ℃ of following heat treatments 80 minutes, all utilize galvanoplastic to plate the Fe metal composite membrane two sides after the heat treatment, so just having prepared with the poly-vinylidene-fluoride composite film is the electrode material of flexible super capacitor; Use the electrolytical mixed liquor of polyvinyl alcohol and phosphoric acid electrolyte as bonding agent again; Be bonded together opposed facing two plate electrodes; Utilize sputtering method plating Ag metal as collector on prepared antetype device two sides, promptly to be prepared into the silver electrode be collector, be electrode, be the flexible super capacitor of solid electrolyte with polyvinyl alcohol and phosphoric acid electrolyte mixed electrolytic solution with the Kynoar electrode material.
The present invention can change its consumption that uses polyvinylidene fluoride and additive raw material; Change backing material; Change the metal material of heat treatment temperature and deposition; Its preparation method process is identical with above-mentioned arbitrary embodiment with processing step, all can prepare the electrode material with flexible super capacitor, and described electrode material need not directly add active material; With the flexible super capacitor that this electrode material is made, its charge-discharge performance is good, speed fast, have extended cycle life; Itself is flexible folding, and minimal thickness reaches 200 μ m.Meet device miniaturization, light development trend, enlarged its range of application.
Claims (13)
1. flexible super capacitor electrode material is characterized in that the composition of material, and what comprise 50～99% polyvinylidene fluoride and 1～50% by percentage to the quality can produce the additive of conduction active material with polyvinylidene fluoride.
2. according to the said flexible super capacitor electrode material of claim 1, it is characterized in that the additive that said and polyvinylidene fluoride can produce the conduction active material is potash salt material or potassium hydroxide alkalescence material.
3. according to claim 1 or 2 said flexible super capacitor electrode materials, it is characterized in that said additive is a potash salt material, polyvinylidene fluoride and its mass percent are 99%:1～50%:50%; Said additive is a potassium hydroxide alkalescence material, and polyvinylidene fluoride and its mass percent are 99%:1～50%:50%.
4. the preparation method of a flexible super capacitor electrode material is characterized in that comprising following processing step:
The additive that (1) can produce the conduction active material with polyvinylidene fluoride with polyvinylidene fluoride fully is dissolved into mixed solution with organic solvent with it after 50～99%:1～50% mixes by mass percentage;
(2) on the substrate that the mixed solution that is dissolved with polyvinylidene fluoride and additive that step (1) is obtained is coated in, be dried into the Kynoar group compound film then;
(3) the Kynoar group compound film that step (2) is obtained carries out activation processing, thereby makes the electrode material of flexible super capacitor.
5. according to the preparation method of the said flexible super capacitor electrode material of claim 4, it is characterized in that said additive is potash salt material or potassium hydroxide alkalescence material; Additive is a potash salt material, and polyvinylidene fluoride and its mass percent are 99%:1～50%:50%; Additive is a potassium hydroxide alkalescence material, and polyvinylidene fluoride and its mass percent are 99%:1～50%:50%.
6. according to the preparation method of the said flexible super capacitor electrode material of claim 4; It is characterized in that described organic solvent is to dissolve Kynoar; Stable with respect to additive again N, dinethylformamide (DMF) or dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) (NMP) or N-methyl pyrrolidone (DMSO).
7. according to the preparation method of the said flexible super capacitor electrode material of claim 4; It is characterized in that said to Kynoar group compound film activation processing be with it 80～250 ℃ of following heat treatments 1～120 minute, then the composite membrane after the heat treatment was soaked in potassium hydroxide solution 1～600 minute.
8. according to the preparation method of the said flexible super capacitor electrode material of claim 4, it is characterized in that said is to utilize vapour deposition method to Kynoar group compound film activation processing; Or the sputter-deposited thin films method is depositing Au or Ag or Al or Fe metal on the composite membrane; Or utilize electro-plating method, on composite membrane, deposit Ag or Ni or Fe or Cu metal.
9. according to the preparation method of the said flexible super capacitor electrode material of claim 4, it is characterized in that said is to utilize electro-plating method to Kynoar group compound film activation processing, on composite membrane, deposits Ag or Ni or Fe or Cu metal.
10. the flexible super capacitor of the electrode material making of the said method preparation of claim 4-9 comprises electrode, collector, electrolyte; It is characterized in that it being that electrode material with the Kynoar group compound film is made electrode; Make collector with the flexible conducting material substrate, or be to plate one deck conductive metallic material at the back side of polyvinylidene fluoride membrane electrode with the collector of the polyvinylidene fluoride membrane electrode of glass substrate preparation; Its electrolyte is the solid electrolyte that in the middle of opposed facing two electrode materials, has added the ionic conduction and the double action of bonding two electrodes.
11. flexible super capacitor according to claim 10 is characterized in that the substrate of described flexible conducting material is selected from graphite paper or aluminium foil or nickel foam or copper sheet.
12. flexible super capacitor according to claim 10 is characterized in that said conductive metallic material is Au or Al or Ag.
13. flexible super capacitor according to claim 10 is characterized in that described solid electrolyte is polyvinyl alcohol and potassium hydroxide mixture or polyvinyl alcohol and phosphoric acid electrolyte mixture.
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| CN201210310094.3A CN102842433B (en) | 2012-08-28 | 2012-08-28 | Electrode material for super capacitor and preparation method and the ultracapacitor made by it |
| PCT/CN2013/070430 WO2014032404A1 (en) | 2012-08-28 | 2013-01-14 | Electrode material and preparation method thereof as well as super-capacitor based on the same |
| US14/425,312 US9734955B2 (en) | 2012-08-28 | 2013-01-14 | Electrode material, preparation method thereof and supercapacitor based thereof |
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| WO2014032404A1 (en) * | 2012-08-28 | 2014-03-06 | 四川大学 | Electrode material and preparation method thereof as well as super-capacitor based on the same |
| CN105280395A (en) * | 2015-09-25 | 2016-01-27 | 清华大学 | Combined electrode material and purposes thereof |
| CN107221450A (en) * | 2017-08-07 | 2017-09-29 | 侯梦斌 | A kind of capacitance electrode preparation method for asymmetric capacitor batteries |
| CN107808818A (en) * | 2017-09-21 | 2018-03-16 | 天津大学 | A kind of preparation method of flexible capacitor |
| CN109390549A (en) * | 2018-10-17 | 2019-02-26 | 南通南京大学材料工程技术研究院 | A kind of new preparation process of foldable lithium ion cell positive |
| CN111342123A (en) * | 2020-03-09 | 2020-06-26 | 中国科学院青岛生物能源与过程研究所 | Selective wetting polymer electrolyte and preparation and application thereof |
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Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| WO2014032404A1 (en) * | 2012-08-28 | 2014-03-06 | 四川大学 | Electrode material and preparation method thereof as well as super-capacitor based on the same |
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| CN105280395A (en) * | 2015-09-25 | 2016-01-27 | 清华大学 | Combined electrode material and purposes thereof |
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| CN107808818A (en) * | 2017-09-21 | 2018-03-16 | 天津大学 | A kind of preparation method of flexible capacitor |
| CN109390549A (en) * | 2018-10-17 | 2019-02-26 | 南通南京大学材料工程技术研究院 | A kind of new preparation process of foldable lithium ion cell positive |
| CN111342123A (en) * | 2020-03-09 | 2020-06-26 | 中国科学院青岛生物能源与过程研究所 | Selective wetting polymer electrolyte and preparation and application thereof |
| CN111342123B (en) * | 2020-03-09 | 2023-06-13 | 中国科学院青岛生物能源与过程研究所 | Selectively-infiltrated polymer electrolyte, and preparation and application thereof |
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