CN102833997A - 控制单子叶作物中的add双子叶自生植物 - Google Patents
控制单子叶作物中的add双子叶自生植物 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明部分涉及控制种植有单子叶植物作物诸如玉米的田间的AAD-12和/或AAD-13双子叶自生植物。双子叶植物可以包括大豆和棉花。
Description
发明背景
玉米(单子叶植物)和大豆(双子叶植物)例如可以在多种地形在多个作物轮作周期中轮作。棉花也是双子叶植物。
“自生(的)”(volunteer)植物是在种植有当前生长季的作物的田间出土的来自先前生长季的不想要的植物。自生植物基本上是杂草，并且像杂草可以降低当前生长季感兴趣的作物的收获和产量。自生植物从期望的植物转移肥料资源等。
与平原杂草不同，经常将自生植物特定地工程化改造成对一些除草剂有抗性。如此，控制自生植物可能比控制天然存在的杂草更困难。
如本文中所描述的AAD (芳氧基链烷酸酯双加氧酶(aryloxy alkanoatedioxygenase))基因在用AAD基因转化的植物中赋予高水平的对2,4-D除草剂的耐受性。
AAD-1基因也赋予高水平的对苯氧基和芳氧基苯氧基丙酸酯除草剂(phenoxy-and aryloxyphenoxyproplonate herbicide)(“fops”诸如吡氟禾草灵(fluazifop)和吡氟氯禾灵(haloxyfop))的耐受性。(ADD-1基因记载于WO2007/053482)。如此，AAD-1允许对作物使用一些fops作为选择剂或作为除草剂，其中在没有AAD-l基因的情况中预期会破坏作物。
AAD-12和AAD-13基因也对用基因转化的大豆和其它双子叶物种赋予高水平的对吡啶基氧乙酸酯(pyridyloxyacetate)除草剂(诸如定草酯(triclopyr)和氟草烟(fluroxypyr)；“pyrs”)的耐受性。如此，AAD-12和AAD-13各自容许对作物使用pyr作为选择剂或作为除草剂，其中在没有AAD-12或AAD-13基因的情况中预期会破坏作物。
存在着非常众多的仅双子叶植物除草剂(dicot-only herbicides)，其杀死双子叶植物，或双子叶植物选择性的。
发明概述
本发明部分涉及控制种植有单子叶植物作物诸如玉米的田间的AAD-12和/或AAD-13双子叶自生植物。双子叶植物可以包括大豆和棉花。
本发明还部分涉及如下的认识，即使用AAD基因的一个潜在的不利方面在于自生植物可以对2,4-D以及对pyrs (在AAD-12和AAD-13的情况中)有抗性。如此，在AAD-12或-13的情况中，pyr除草剂不再会有效控制种植有单子叶植物作物诸如玉米的田间的例如这些自生植物AAD大豆或棉花。本发明部分涉及如下的认识，即当AAD基因在双子叶植物中与其它除草剂抗性性状(诸如草甘膦(glyphosate)、草铵膦(glufosinate)等)叠加(stack)时，下一年的任何所得的自生双子叶植物的控制可能成为一个问题。
依照本发明，自几乎无数的其它选项中选择麦草畏，为依照本发明可用于控制玉米田间的自生AAD (诸如AAD-12)双子叶植物。
在其它实施方案中，使用二氯皮考啉酸(clopyralid)来控制玉米田间的自生AAD (诸如AAD-12)双子叶植物。
玉米对麦草畏(dicamba)和二氯皮考啉酸两者天然耐受。
用于控制自生AAD (诸如AAD-12)双子叶植物的又一个选项是三嗪(triazine)诸如阿特拉津(atrazine)。
依照本发明的另一个选项是若前一季的双子叶植物对草甘膦或草铵膦易感，且玉米作物耐受草甘膦或草铵膦，则可以分别使用草甘膦或草铵膦来控制双子叶自生植物。因而，可以在ROUND UP READY玉米的田间使用草甘膦。因而，可以在LIBERTY LINK玉米的田间使用草铵膦。若前一季的双子叶植物对草甘膦和草铵膦两者易感(也就是说，若双子叶植物没有任一种抗性性状)，且玉米植物耐受草甘膦和草铵膦两者，则可以使用草甘膦或草铵膦或这两者来控制双子叶自生植物。
然而，例如若双子叶植物(诸如大豆)包含PAT基因，则这会排除使用草铵膦控制双子叶自生植物(因为双子叶PAT自生植物会耐受草铵膦)。
发明详述
如本文中所使用的且除非另有规定，优选的双子叶植物是大豆或棉花。
本发明的一个方面包括使用麦草畏除草剂来除去单子叶植物诸如玉米田间的自生AAD-12或-13双子叶植物。
在一些具体的实施方案中，AAD-12以称作DAS-68416-4的AAD-12大豆事件存在于大豆中，所述AAD-12大豆事件具有以保藏号PTA-10442保藏于美国典型培养物保藏中心(ATCC)的种子及其衍生的后代。2500个种子依照布达佩斯条约于2009年10月22日保藏。在2009年11月2日测试保藏物，并且在那个日期，种子是活的。此类事件披露于USSN 61/263,950(2009年11月24日提交)。此类AAD-12双子叶自生植物可以存在于下一年的玉米田间。如此，本发明包括对自生AAD-12大豆植物应用麦草畏(或如本文中所公开的其它)除草剂，特别是其中大豆植物包含68416-4事件。此类“416”事件植物包含SEQID NO:1。AAD-12蛋白序列可以参见WO 2007/053482(SEQ ID NO:2和SEQID NO:4)。AAD-13蛋白序列可以参见WO 2008/141154(SEQ ID NO:2和SEQID NO:4)。依照本发明使用的序列与任何这些序列可以具有例如至少75%,80%,85%,90%,95%或99%的序列同一性。
由于AAD基因的特异性解毒方面，应用于玉米田间的麦草畏除草剂不会受到双子叶自生植物的AAD基因解毒，而且AAD-12或-13双子叶自生植物会仍然对麦草畏除草剂高度易感。
依照本发明，已经注意选择各种除草剂化学品以提供对AAD-12或-13双子叶植物的控制，如本文中详述的。例如，当在前一季的双子叶植物(诸如大豆)中单独使用AAD-12或-13基因时，可以使用麦草畏、二氯皮考啉酸、阿特拉津、草甘膦、和/或草铵膦来控制自生AAD大豆(或棉花)，假设大豆(或其它双子叶植物)是天然或工程化改造为对任何这些除草剂有抗性的。
也就是说，若自生AAD-12或-13双子叶植物还与草甘膦或草铵膦性状叠加，则可以分别在目前季的玉米田间使用草铵膦或草甘膦，假设玉米还分别具有针对草铵膦或草甘膦的抗性性状。
即使这些AAD大豆自生植物拥有草甘膦和草铵膦耐受性性状，仍可以使用麦草畏(和/或其它除草剂)来控制那些自生植物。
如此，依照本发明选择对目前种植的田间使用的除草剂可以部分依赖于在前一季双子叶植物中使用的除草剂耐受性性状，以及存在于目前生长季的玉米(或其它单子叶植物)作物田间的耐受性性状。如此，其它除草剂化学品可以提供对AAD-12或-13双子叶自生植物的控制。
在Roundup Ready(或GAT或其它草甘膦耐受性作物)或Liberty Link(或其它草铵膦耐受性作物)玉米田间，例如可以分别使用草甘膦或草铵膦来控制AAD双子叶自生植物，假设双子叶自生植物也不拥有前述相应的除草剂耐受性性状。此外，大豆(或其它双子叶植物)中的PAT基因会排除使用草铵膦控制大豆(或其它双子叶植物)自生植物。
实施例
实施例1：使用备选的除草剂来控制种植有AAD-1玉米的田间的自生AAD-12大豆
在一个实施方案中，通过应用除草剂或除草剂组合在AAD-1玉米田内控制含有AAD-12表达盒的自生植物转基因大豆系。控制自生植物转基因AAD-12大豆系所使用的特定除草剂依赖于田内种植的AAD-1玉米种子类型(例如，与Round-up Ready性状、Liberty Link性状、或其它除草剂耐受性性状叠加)。
此外，可以经由常规的育种或分子叠加来将AAD-12性状与其它别的除草剂耐受性性状叠加。在此类例子中，用于控制与另一种除草剂耐受性性状叠加的自生植物AAD-12大豆的特定除草剂会依赖于所述别的除草剂耐受性性状和田内种植的AAD-1玉米的类型。
可以在种植前于出土前(pre-emergence)/烧毁(burndown)时或在种植后于出土后(post-emergence)进行给定除草剂的应用以控制自生植物转基因AAD-12大豆系。表1列出了要在种植的不同阶段(出土前或出土后)使用以控制种植有含有除草剂耐受性性状的玉米的田间的自生植物转基因大豆的除草剂。表2列出了要在种植的不同阶段使用以控制种植有含有AAD-1除草剂耐受性性状的玉米的田间的自生植物AAD-12大豆的除草剂。会将正好或大约1X田间率(Field Rate)浓度的除草剂作为罐混合物或单独应用于出土前和出土后自生植物对照两者的田间。
AAD-1玉米田内的含有AAD-12表达盒的转基因大豆植物的控制会可应用于控制种植有单子叶植物作物(包括但不限于玉米、稻、甘蔗、柳枝稷、草地草物种、高粱、大麦、小麦、和燕麦，和硬粒小麦)的田内的自生植物AAD-12转基因双子叶植物(包括但不限于：大豆、棉花、芸苔、亚麻、向日葵、豆科作物、苜蓿、花生、和番茄)。上文所描述的例子(其中在AAD-1玉米田间控制自生植物转基因AAD-12大豆植物)例示了本发明，而并不意图限制此实施方案的范围。
实施例2：使用备选的除草剂来控制种植有AAD玉米的田间的自身植物大豆(常规的或含有非AAD除草剂耐受性性状)
在一个实施方案中，通过应用除草剂或除草剂组合在转基因AAD玉米(AAD-1或AAD-12)的田内控制自生转基因大豆系(含有Clear Field性状、Roundup Ready或其它草甘膦耐受性性状、Liberty Link性状、咪唑啉酮耐受性性状、或其任何叠加组合)或自生植物常规大豆系。控制自生大豆植物使用的特定除草剂依赖于田内种植的大豆种子类型(例如，常规的大豆、Round-up Ready大豆、Liberty Link大豆等)。
此外，控制自生常规或转基因大豆系使用的特定除草剂依赖于田内种植的AAD转基因玉米种子类型(即，叠加性状或单独的)和自生大豆系拥有的性状。例如，可以用含有草铵膦的除草剂混合物和氟草烟(fluroxypyr)、定草酯(triclopyr)、和/或2,4-D的组合或单次应用；但是仅在先前的自生植物不含PAT(或其它草铵膦耐受性性状)和AAD-1的情况中喷雾已经与另一种除草剂耐受性性状诸如PAT叠加的AAD-1转基因玉米系。
可以在种植前于出土前/烧毁时或在种植后于出土后进行给定除草剂的应用以控制自生常规或转基因大豆系。表3列出了要在种植的不同阶段(出土前或出土后)使用以控制自生常规或转基因大豆的除草剂。会将正好或大约1X田间率(Field Rate)浓度的除草剂作为罐混合物或单独应用于出土前和出土后自生植物对照两者的田间。
AAD转基因玉米(与其它除草剂耐受性性状叠加或单独的)的田内的含有除草剂耐受性表达盒的常规或转基因大豆植物的控制会可应用于控制种植有AAD转基因单子叶植物作物(包括但不限于玉米、稻、甘蔗、柳枝稷、草地草物种、高粱、大麦、小麦、和燕麦，和硬粒小麦)的田内的常规或除草剂耐受性转基因双子叶植物(包括但不限于大豆、棉花、芸苔、亚麻、向日葵、豆科作物、苜蓿、花生、和番茄)。上文所描述的例子(其中在种植有AAD转基因玉米的田间控制自生植物常规或转基因除草剂耐受性大豆植物)例示了本发明，而并不意图限制此实施方案的范围。
Claims (11)
1.一种在包含单子叶植物的田间控制AAD-12双子叶自生植物的方法，所述自生植物包含编码AAD-12蛋白的AAD-12基因，其中所述方法包括：
对所述自生植物应用除草剂，其中所述除草剂选自下组：麦草畏、二氯皮考啉酸和三嗪。
2.权利要求1的方法，其中所述自生植物选自下组：大豆和棉花。
3.权利要求1的方法，其中所述单子叶植物是玉米植物。
4.权利要求1的方法，其中所述双子叶自生植物是自包含以ATCC保藏号PTA-10442可获得的事件的种子生长的。
5.权利要求1的方法，其中所述三嗪除草剂是阿特拉津。
6.权利要求3的方法，其中所述双子叶植物是大豆。
7.权利要求1的方法，其中所述单子叶自生植物包含草甘膦和/或草铵膦耐受性基因。
8.一种在包含单子叶植物的田间控制AAD-12自生大豆植物的方法，其中所述自生植物是自包含以ATCC保藏号PTA-10442可获得的事件和/或包含SEQ ID NO:1的种子生长的，其中所述方法包括
对所述自生植物应用除草剂，其中所述自生植物对所述除草剂易感，且所述单子叶植物对所述除草剂耐受。
9.权利要求8的方法，其中所述单子叶植物是玉米植物。
10.权利要求8的方法，其中所述自生植物进一步包含草甘膦耐受性基因，且所述除草剂是草铵膦。
11.权利要求8的方法，其中所述自生植物进一步包含草铵膦耐受性基因，且所述除草剂是草甘膦。
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