CN102831939B - 一种掺杂锝—99的核燃料元件 - Google Patents

一种掺杂锝—99的核燃料元件 Download PDF

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CN102831939B
CN102831939B CN201210340423.9A CN201210340423A CN102831939B CN 102831939 B CN102831939 B CN 102831939B CN 201210340423 A CN201210340423 A CN 201210340423A CN 102831939 B CN102831939 B CN 102831939B
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CN102831939A (zh
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谢金森
于涛
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University of South China
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Abstract

一种掺杂锝—99的核燃料元件,将燃料芯块叠放入锆四合金包壳管中,用压紧弹簧压紧后,包壳管两端口由端塞密封固定构成,其特征是燃料芯块为锝—99与二氧化铀的混合物,其中锝—99的核子密度与锝—99、二氧化铀中铀—238的核子密度之和的比值为10%~90%。利用锝—99的共振特性,采用锝—99部分替换低浓铀燃料中的铀—238,增强了多普勒系数,减少了次锕系核素,真正实现了减少核反应堆次锕系产量,确保负瞬发温度系数,嬗变核废物锝—99的三重目的,增强了反应堆的固有安全性。

Description

一种掺杂锝— 99 的核燃料元件
技术领域
本发明涉及一种核反应堆燃料元件,特别是一种掺杂锝—99的核燃料元件。
背景技术
热中子能谱反应堆是目前世界核动力的主要堆型,大量的热中子堆核电厂采用低浓铀燃料,低浓铀燃料中的铀—238经多次中子俘获反应后可生成次锕系核素,简称MA,这些次锕系核素的半衰期很长,个别可达106年,放射性毒性很强;同时裂变反应产生的部分长寿命裂变产物,简称LLFP,半衰期可达107年。低浓铀热中子堆的乏燃料中产量最高的MA为镎—237,产量最高的LLFP为锝—99。MA的来源主要是铀—238多次中子俘获反应,因此,从源头上降低MA产量可通过降低低浓铀燃料中铀—238的数量实现。美国麻省理工学院在其论文中提出了降低低浓铀燃料中铀—238的惰性基质燃料元件,该种燃料元件可大幅降低MA产量,但由于铀—238数量的减少,燃料元件的多普勒系数很小,反应的固有安全特性降低。通过广泛的核数据分析,发现锝—99无论是在共振能区的能量区间还是共振峰值幅度方面均与铀—238具有较大的相似性,同时,锝—99的熔点为2172℃,可在燃料芯块烧制过程当中掺杂在燃料中。
发明内容
本发明的目的是针对惰性基质燃料元件的多普勒系数小、反应的固有安全特性低问题,而提供一种用锝—99替换部分铀—238,利用锝—99的共振特性增强燃料元件的多普勒系数,降低MA产量,同时可嬗变部分锝—99的掺杂锝—99的核燃料元件。
一种掺杂锝—99的核燃料元件,包括锆四合金包壳管、燃料芯块、芯块压紧弹簧、上端塞、下端塞,燃料芯块叠放入锆四合金包壳管中,用芯块压紧弹簧压紧后,包壳管上、下端口分别由上端塞、下端塞密封固定,其特征是燃料芯块为锝—99与二氧化铀的混合物,其中锝—99的核子密度与锝—99、二氧化铀中铀—238的核子密度之和的比值为10%~90%。
本发明利用锝—99的共振特性,采用锝—99部分替换低浓铀燃料中的铀—238,增强了多普勒系数,同时由于减少了铀—238,使得反应堆产生的次锕系核素减少,真正实现了减少核反应堆次锕系产量,确保负瞬发温度系数,嬗变核废物锝—99的三重目的,增强了反应堆的固有安全性。实验表明,采用锝—99掺杂后,对于初始富集度为0.711%、1.6%、2.4%、3.1%、3.9%、4.5%和5%的二氧化铀燃料,多普勒系数可增大到原来的2.89、1.90、1.68、1.28、1.25、1.72和1.30倍。分别选取0.711%、1.6%、2.4%、3.1%、3.9%、4.5%和5%7种不同富集度的低浓铀燃料多普勒系数基准题,将基准题中的铀—238以10%的锝—99替换,其多普勒系数与二氧化铀元件比较结果如下:
二氧化铀元件与10%锝—99掺杂比例元件的多普勒系数
括号内为10%锝—99掺杂比例元件的多普勒系数
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例结构示意图。
具体实施方式
如图1所示,一种掺杂锝—99的核燃料元件,包括锆四合金包壳管3、燃料芯块4、芯块压紧弹簧2、上端塞1、下端塞5,燃料芯块4叠放入锆四合金包壳管3中,用芯块压紧弹簧2压紧后,包壳管3上、下端口分别由上端塞1、下端塞5密封固定,燃料芯块4为锝—99与二氧化铀的混合物,其中锝—99的核子密度与锝—99、二氧化铀中铀—238的核子密度之和的比值为10%~90%。燃料芯块4制备过程中,先将二氧化铀与锝—99粉末混合均匀,再将混合粉末压制成型,并在高温下烧结得到芯块胚料,最后通过磨削,将芯块胚料磨削成直径7.5~8.5㎜、高11.3~12.8㎜的圆柱形燃料芯块4。

Claims (1)

1.一种掺杂锝—99的核燃料元件,包括锆四合金包壳管(3)、燃料芯块(4)、芯块压紧弹簧(2)、上端塞(1)和下端塞(5),燃料芯块(4)叠放入锆四合金包壳管(3)中,用芯块压紧弹簧(2)压紧后,锆四合金包壳管(3)上、下端口分别由上端塞(1)、下端塞(5)密封固定,其特征是燃料芯块(4)为锝—99与二氧化铀的混合物,该混合物通过将二氧化铀中的部分铀—238替换为锝—99获得,其中锝—99的核子密度与锝—99的核子密度与二氧化铀中铀—238的核子密度之和的比值为10%~ 90%。
CN201210340423.9A 2012-09-14 2012-09-14 一种掺杂锝—99的核燃料元件 Expired - Fee Related CN102831939B (zh)

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