CN102818927B - Measuring device and measuring method of reverse small current in direct current distribution system - Google Patents
Measuring device and measuring method of reverse small current in direct current distribution system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a measuring device and a measuring method of a reverse small current in a direct current distribution system. The measuring system comprises a signal acquisition system, a signal conditioning system and a data processing system which are mutually connected; the direct current is tested through the combination of a current divider and a Rogowski Coil; the Rogowski Coil is output to an integrator; when an analog integrator and a digital integrator are selected respectively, the system is slightly different; the measuring method is as follows: when in a steady state, the current divider is used for measuring current; when the current is less than a set value, the current divider and the Rogowski Coil are combined to measure small current value, namely, the value measured by the current divider is used as an integral initial value, the Rogowski Coil measures a change rate of the current, the current rate is integrated by the integrator so as to obtain current variable quantity, the current variable quantity is added to the integral initial value so as to obtain a small current value, if the value is less than 0, a control signal is output, and if the value is larger than 0, the measurement is continued. A stable current and the reverse small current in the direct current circuit can be measured precisely; and the measuring device has the advantages of wide measurement range, high precision, rapid response speed, strong overload ability, high linearity, small size and convenience for installation.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the field of measuring technique of DC current, particularly measurement mechanism and the measuring method of reverse little electric current in a kind of direct current adapted electric system.
Background technology
Along with China's expanding economy, the industry modernization levels such as electric power, industry, traffic are more and more higher, apply galvanic region and department more and more, as be transported to the tractor in electric system, city and mine, electrified track, chemical industry, metallurgy and national defense industry etc.
Along with galvanic application is more and more extensive, direct current network structure also becomes increasingly complex, and forms ring network structure.Ring network power supply can improve single power supply defect greatly, General Promotion user side quality of voltage; And when certain part of circuit breaks down, the position of isolated fault in time, manages, from both sides switch to load normal power supply, can avoid like this electrical network occurrence of large-area power outage, shortens the breakdown repair time, reduces loss of outage.But, due to the ring network structure of direct current adapted electric system, in circuit, may there is electric current oppositely and the very little situation of numerical value, we are referred to as reverse little electric current.This reverse little electric current goes out there is no rule now, and size is about a few peace ~ tens ampere, but its appearance has harmful effect to electrical network and equipment.Therefore need to measure this reverse little electric current, when reverse little electric current occurs, circuit needs to disconnect.
The measurement of reverse little electric current has two difficult points.First be the problem of measuring accuracy and overload capacity.Generally, in circuit, flow through the steady-state current of the kA order of magnitude, while being short-circuited fault, in circuit, there will be the short-circuit current in short-term of the hundreds of kA order of magnitude.This will invert can either the little electric current of Measurement accuracy ampere level to the measurement mechanism of little electric current, can bear for a long time the large electric current of kA level again, can also bear the short-circuit current of hundreds of kA in short-term.In addition, the response time of reverse small current measurement is certainly more short better, but the time of cut-offfing little electric current according to isolating switch, the response time of 10ms can meet the demands.
Conventional DC current measurement method can be divided into two large classes by principle at present: a class is based on Ohm law, and the voltage according to tested electric current on known resistance is determined the size of tested electric current, as shunt; Another kind of is that the magnetic field of setting up according to tested electric current is basis, the measurement problem that the measurement problem of electric current is changed into magnetic field is measured electric current, such as measuring electric current by measuring the methods such as its magnetic induction density, magnetic flux or magnetic potential, as Hall effect method, direct current instrument transformer, comparator for direct current etc.
Although it is multiple that the method for measurement DC current has, and all can not meet the measurement requirement of reverse little electric current.Shunt stable performance, reliability is higher, is the direct current measurement method generally adopting at present middle straightening streaming system, but because its principle is Ohm law, so it only near rated current measuring accuracy higher, and when current value is very little (as tens amperes), degree of accuracy is very low.Because the linearity of Hall element own is poor, there is volt age offset, drift about and be subject to the shortcomings such as impact of environment temperature and external magnetic field in the measuring method based on Hall effect, precision is difficult to guarantee; In addition Hall element overload capacity is not high, may be damaged by short-circuit current; If prevent that Hall element from being damaged by short-circuit current and selecting wide range, is difficult to guarantee precision while measuring little electric current.Direct current instrument transformer is to utilize magnetic balance principle, has that magnetic saturation, volume are large, high cost problem.DC comparator complex structure, volume is larger, and is subject to encircle mirror impact, does not meet the requirement of low-cost and miniaturization.
Summary of the invention
For solving above-mentioned problems of the prior art, order of the present invention is to provide measurement mechanism and the measuring method of reverse little electric current in a kind of direct current adapted electric system, can accurately measure steady-state current and reverse little electric current in DC circuit, have that measurement range is wide, degree of accuracy is high, fast response time, overload capacity is strong, the linearity is high and size is little, feature is simply and easily installed.
For achieving the above object, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is:
In direct current adapted electric system, a measurement mechanism for reverse little electric current, comprises interconnective signal acquiring system, signal condition system and data handling system;
When the integrator of selecting is analogue integrator, described signal acquiring system comprises shunt and the isolating transmitter being electrically connected with shunt, also comprise Luo-coil and with the Luo-coil analogue integrator that is electrically connected; Described signal condition system comprises the amplifying circuit being electrically connected with isolating transmitter, the filtering circuit and the buffer circuit that are electrically connected to successively with amplifying circuit, also comprise the amplifying circuit being electrically connected with analogue integrator, and the amplifying circuit filtering circuit and the buffer circuit that are electrically connected to successively; Described data handling system comprise with signal condition system in two microprocessors that buffer circuit is all electrically connected to;
When the integrator of selecting is digital integrator, described signal acquiring system comprises shunt and the isolating transmitter being electrically connected with shunt, also comprises Luo-coil; Described signal condition system comprises the amplifying circuit being electrically connected with isolating transmitter, the filtering circuit and the buffer circuit that are electrically connected to successively with amplifying circuit, also comprise the amplifying circuit being electrically connected with Luo-coil, with the buffer circuit that amplifying circuit is electrically connected to, described two buffer circuits are all electrically connected to A/D converter; Described data handling system comprises the single-chip microcomputer being electrically connected to A/D converter.
When the integrator of selecting is digital integrator, between described A/D converter and microprocessor, be electrically connected with DSP or FPGA.
Described microprocessor is transferred to host computer by CAN fieldbus or Ethernet by data processed result.
Described shunt utilizes the shunt that in circuit there is original string.
Described Luo-coil is enclosed within outside current return conductor, for by the even close air-core inductance around forming on the non magnetic skeleton of annular uniform cross section of wire.
The measuring method of the measurement mechanism of reverse little electric current in a kind of direct current adapted electric system:
When the integrator of selecting is analogue integrator, first the electric current in shunt metering circuit, when circuit working is near steady-state current value, system is only carried out signals collecting to shunt, isolating transmitter is kept apart the high-pressure side of collection signal and low-pressure side, signal after isolation is sent into microprocessor after the signal conditions such as amplification, filtering, isolation, carries out data processing, when shunt measured value is less than setting value, setting value is doubly selected according to the 5-10 of shunt resolution, with shunt and Luo-coil, combine and measure little current value, now, start analogue integrator, the current changing rate that starts Luo-coil to measure carries out integration, integrated value is amplified, filtering, the signal conditions such as isolation, to start integration shunt value constantly as initial value for integral simultaneously, carry out integration and amplify with the current changing rate that Luo-coil is measured, filtering, the little current value that integrated value after the signal conditions such as isolation is added now, little current value is sent into microprocessor, by microprocessor, little electric current is judged, if be less than 0, represent that electric current is reverse, the control signal such as output alarm or dropout, if be greater than 0, continue to measure, in addition, can also select, with CAN fieldbus or Ethernet, data processed result is transferred to host computer, reach the object of remote measurement,
When the integrator of selecting is digital integrator, first the electric current in shunt metering circuit, when circuit working is near steady-state current value, system is only carried out signals collecting to shunt, isolating transmitter is kept apart the high-pressure side of collection signal and low-pressure side, and the signal after isolation is sent into A/D converter after the signal conditions such as amplification, filtering, isolation, when shunt measured value is less than setting value, setting value is doubly selected according to the 5-10 of shunt resolution, with shunt and Luo-coil, combine and measure little current value, to Luo-coil output signal through amplifying, after isolation signals conditioning, send into A/D converter, by single-chip microcomputer, carry out digital integration, to start integration shunt value constantly as initial value for integral simultaneously, amplify with the current changing rate that Luo-coil is measured, after isolation signals conditioning, send into the little current value that is added now after the signal integration of A/D converter, by single-chip microcomputer, little electric current is judged, if be less than 0, represent that electric current is reverse, the control signal such as output alarm or dropout, if be greater than 0, continue to measure, in addition, can also data processed result be transferred to host computer with CAN fieldbus or Ethernet.
When the integrator of selecting is digital integrator, sends into the signal of A/D converter and first after DSP or FPGA processing, send into again single-chip microcomputer.
In this direct current adapted electric system of the present invention, the measurement mechanism of reverse little electric current can accurately measure steady-state current and the reverse little electric current in DC circuit.It has the following advantages: (1) measurement range is wide.In theory, its measurement range approximately equates with the measurement range of selected Luo-coil, and Luo-coil is due to without magnetic saturation phenomenon, and measurement range can reach hundreds of kilo-ampere.That is to say that it not only can accurately measure steady-state current value and little current value in fact, so long as the short-circuit current value that shunt can bear, this device all can be measured.(2) degree of accuracy is high.The measurement of reverse little electric current requires to measure very little current value under the prerequisite of guaranteeing a wide range, and single measurement means is difficult to guarantee degree of accuracy.This Array selection shunt and the higher measured zone of Luo-coil precision, than only measuring by single means, the measuring accuracy of both combinations is wanted height.(3) fast response time.The response time of this device is exactly the response time of Luo-coil while measuring in fact, and Luo-coil is due to containing iron core, and without hysteresis effect, response speed is exceedingly fast, and transient response ability is strong.(4) overload capacity is strong.Shunt is that adapted electric system is installed originally, can bear the short-circuit current in short-term of circuit completely; General Luo-coil is measured the upper limit in kilo-ampere rank, can meet the overload requirement of system short-circuit electric current completely.(5) linearity is high.Because shunt and Luo-coil are all containing saturation element, very high at measurement range internal linear degree, easily demarcate.(6) size is little, installs simple and convenient.Shunt is that system is original, without other installation, and conserve space and cost.Luo-coil only need be enclosed within on current return conductor while installing, and need not destroy original galvanic circle, simple and convenient.Generally speaking, in this direct current adapted electric system of the present invention, the measurement mechanism measurement range of reverse little electric current is wide, and degree of accuracy is high, fast response time, and overload capacity is strong, and the linearity is high, and size is little, and device is simple, easily realizes, and is suitable for practical implementation.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structured flowchart of measurement mechanism of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the structured flowchart of integrator measurement mechanism of the present invention while being digital integrator.
Fig. 3 is Luo-coil structural representation.
Fig. 4 is the concrete enforcement hardware chart of measuring reverse little electric current in urban track traffic trailer system.
Fig. 5 is the concrete enforcement software figure that measures reverse little electric current in urban track traffic trailer system.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, the present invention is described in further detail.
In a kind of direct current adapted of the present invention electric system, the measurement mechanism of reverse little electric current, comprises interconnective signal acquiring system, signal condition system and data handling system; When the integrator of selecting is analogue integrator, as shown in Figure 1, described signal acquiring system comprises shunt and the isolating transmitter being electrically connected with shunt, also comprise Luo-coil and with the Luo-coil analogue integrator that is electrically connected; Described signal condition system comprises the amplifying circuit being electrically connected with isolating transmitter, the filtering circuit and the buffer circuit that are electrically connected to successively with amplifying circuit, also comprise the amplifying circuit being electrically connected with analogue integrator, and the amplifying circuit filtering circuit and the buffer circuit that are electrically connected to successively; Described data handling system comprise with signal condition system in two microprocessors that buffer circuit is all electrically connected to.Preferably, described microprocessor is transferred to host computer by CAN fieldbus or Ethernet by data processed result.
When the integrator of selecting is digital integrator, as shown in Figure 2, described signal acquiring system comprises shunt and the isolating transmitter being electrically connected with shunt, also comprises Luo-coil; Described signal condition system comprises the amplifying circuit being electrically connected with isolating transmitter, the filtering circuit and the buffer circuit that are electrically connected to successively with amplifying circuit, also comprise the amplifying circuit being electrically connected with Luo-coil, with the buffer circuit that amplifying circuit is electrically connected to, described two buffer circuits are all electrically connected to A/D converter; Described data handling system comprises the single-chip microcomputer being electrically connected to A/D converter.Preferably, between described A/D converter and microprocessor, be electrically connected with DSP or FPGA.Preferably, described microprocessor is transferred to host computer by CAN fieldbus or Ethernet by data processed result.
As shown in Figure 3, described Luo-coil is for by the even close air-core inductance around forming on the non magnetic skeleton of annular uniform cross section of wire.During practical application, it is enclosed within outside Ampereconductors to be measured.In entire body, during current flowing, according to the magnetic effect of electric current, electric current produces magnetic field in skeleton.According to the law of electromagnetic induction, the magnetic field generation current of variation.Therefore want generation current in coil, necessary vicissitudinous magnetic field, and the magnetic field that will change, what in conductor, flow through must be the electric current changing.As can be seen here, Luo-coil cannot be measured DC current, and what it was measured is the rate of change of electric current.E (t) induces to obtain voltage for Luo-coil secondary side, and its output voltage is proportional to the rate of change of tested electric current:
In formula, M is the mutual inductance between wire and coil; I is tested current in wire.
Formula 2 is the current value of Luo-coil gained after integrator, and this value is the variable quantity of electric current in fact.
The measured signal that wants really to reduce also needs to determine initial value for integral, as shown in Equation 3.
Because Luo-coil can not be measured DC current, therefore cannot determine initial value for integral, need external given, could finally provide the reverse little current value in circuit.
As shown in Figure 4 and Figure 5, be respectively concrete enforcement hardware chart and the software figure that measures reverse little electric current in urban track traffic trailer system.In system, rated direct current is 4000A, and short-circuit current value is 110kA, and reverse little current value is about tens A.Originally the shunt adopting in system is 4000A-60mV, and when current value is less than 100A, shunt measuring accuracy is very low, can not meet the measuring accuracy of reverse little electric current.Therefore in this programme, adopt such disposal route: when current value is greater than 500A, using shunt measurement result as ultimate current value; When current value is less than 500A, using shunt initial measurement and Luo-coil integrated value sum as ultimate current value.The Luo-coil that adopts 0.5% grade, measuring error is less than 2.5A, substantially meets reverse small current measurement precision.For guaranteeing that the response time is less than 10ms, AD sampling rate is selected 10kHZ.In conjunction with Fig. 4 and Fig. 5, under normal circumstances, circuit working, near stable electrical flow valuve, only has the electric current in shunt metering circuit, and integrator does not add power supply, can not work.When shunt measurement electric current is less than 500A, voltage comparator circuit output high level signal, by power amplification circuit and relay, controls the power connection of integrator, and integrator starts Luo-coil measured value to carry out integration.Meanwhile, the high level signal that voltage comparator circuit produces is sent into the external interrupt mouth of microprocessor through reverse isolation, and program enters interrupt routine, carries out the measurement of little electric current.In interrupt routine, shunt and Luo-coil are carried out to AD sampling simultaneously, guarantee that now the measured value of shunt is the initial value of integration.Sampled value is processed to rear addition, obtain little current value.After this only Luo-coil integrated value is sampled, the integrated value before substituting, is added to obtain real-time small current measurement value with the shunt measured value starting.If this value is greater than 0, return to circle collection; If be less than 0, illustrate that electric current is reverse, output control signal, reporting to the police or controlling isolating switch disconnects, and end interrupt is returned.Therebetween relay contact is detected, if disconnect, illustrate that integrator power supply has disconnected, end interrupt is returned.
Flow process shown in Fig. 4 and Fig. 5 is in conjunction with this concrete embodiment of urban track traffic further description made for the present invention.Can not assert that the specific embodiment of the present invention only limits to this.For general technical staff of the technical field of the invention, without departing from the inventive concept of the premise, can also make some simple deduction or replace, all should be considered as belonging to the present invention and determine scope of patent protection by submitted to claims.
Claims (7)
1. a measurement mechanism for reverse little electric current in direct current adapted electric system, is characterized in that: comprise interconnective signal acquiring system, signal condition system and data handling system;
When the integrator of selecting is analogue integrator, described signal acquiring system comprises shunt and the isolating transmitter being electrically connected with shunt, also comprise Luo-coil and with the Luo-coil analogue integrator that is electrically connected; Described signal condition system comprises the amplifying circuit being electrically connected with isolating transmitter, the filtering circuit and the buffer circuit that are electrically connected to successively with amplifying circuit, also comprise the amplifying circuit being electrically connected with analogue integrator, and the amplifying circuit filtering circuit and the buffer circuit that are electrically connected to successively; Described data handling system comprise with signal condition system in two microprocessors that buffer circuit is all electrically connected to;
When the integrator of selecting is digital integrator, described signal acquiring system comprises shunt and the isolating transmitter being electrically connected with shunt, also comprises Luo-coil; Described signal condition system comprises the amplifying circuit being electrically connected with isolating transmitter, the filtering circuit and the buffer circuit that are electrically connected to successively with amplifying circuit, also comprise the amplifying circuit being electrically connected with Luo-coil, with the buffer circuit that amplifying circuit is electrically connected to, described two buffer circuits are all electrically connected to A/D converter; Described data handling system comprises the single-chip microcomputer being electrically connected to A/D converter.
2. the measurement mechanism of reverse little electric current in direct current adapted electric system according to claim 1, is characterized in that: when the integrator of selecting is digital integrator, be electrically connected with DSP or FPGA between described A/D converter and microprocessor.
3. the measurement mechanism of reverse little electric current in direct current adapted electric system according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described microprocessor is transferred to host computer by CAN fieldbus or Ethernet by data processed result.
4. the measurement mechanism of reverse little electric current in direct current adapted electric system according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described shunt utilizes the shunt that in circuit there is original string.
5. the measurement mechanism of reverse little electric current in direct current adapted electric system according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described Luo-coil is enclosed within outside current return conductor, for by the even close air-core inductance around forming on the non magnetic skeleton of annular uniform cross section of wire.
6. the measuring method of the measurement mechanism of reverse little electric current in direct current adapted electric system described in claim 1, is characterized in that:
When the integrator of selecting is analogue integrator, first the electric current in shunt metering circuit, when circuit working is near steady-state current value, system is only carried out signals collecting to shunt, isolating transmitter is kept apart the high-pressure side of collection signal and low-pressure side, signal after isolation is sent into microprocessor after amplification, filtering, isolation signals conditioning, carries out data processing, when shunt measured value is less than setting value, setting value is doubly selected according to the 5-10 of shunt resolution, with shunt and Luo-coil, combine and measure little current value, now, start analogue integrator, the current changing rate that starts Luo-coil to measure carries out integration, integrated value is amplified, filtering, isolation signals conditioning, to start integration shunt value constantly as initial value for integral simultaneously, carry out integration and amplify with the current changing rate that Luo-coil is measured, filtering, the little current value that integrated value after isolation signals conditioning is added now, little current value is sent into microprocessor, by microprocessor, little electric current is judged, if be less than 0, represent that electric current is reverse, output alarm or dropout control signal, if be greater than 0, continue to measure, in addition, can also select, with CAN fieldbus or Ethernet, data processed result is transferred to host computer, reach the object of remote measurement,
When the integrator of selecting is digital integrator, first the electric current in shunt metering circuit, when circuit working is near steady-state current value, system is only carried out signals collecting to shunt, isolating transmitter is kept apart the high-pressure side of collection signal and low-pressure side, and the signal after isolation is sent into A/D converter after amplification, filtering, isolation signals conditioning, when shunt measured value is less than setting value, setting value is doubly selected according to the 5-10 of shunt resolution, with shunt and Luo-coil, combine and measure little current value, to Luo-coil output signal through amplifying, after isolation signals conditioning, send into A/D converter, by single-chip microcomputer, carry out digital integration, to start integration shunt value constantly as initial value for integral simultaneously, amplify with the current changing rate that Luo-coil is measured, after isolation signals conditioning, send into the little current value that is added now after the signal integration of A/D converter, by single-chip microcomputer, little electric current is judged, if be less than 0, represent that electric current is reverse, output alarm or dropout control signal, if be greater than 0, continue to measure, in addition, can also data processed result be transferred to host computer with CAN fieldbus or Ethernet.
7. measuring method according to claim 6, is characterized in that: when the integrator of selecting is digital integrator, sends into the signal of A/D converter and first after DSP or FPGA processing, send into single-chip microcomputer again.
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