CN102817656A - Device and method utilizing semi-water gas low-temperature exhaust heat to generate electricity - Google Patents
Device and method utilizing semi-water gas low-temperature exhaust heat to generate electricity Download PDFInfo
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- CN102817656A CN102817656A CN2012103286711A CN201210328671A CN102817656A CN 102817656 A CN102817656 A CN 102817656A CN 2012103286711 A CN2012103286711 A CN 2012103286711A CN 201210328671 A CN201210328671 A CN 201210328671A CN 102817656 A CN102817656 A CN 102817656A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a device and a method utilizing semi-water gas low-temperature exhaust heat to generate electricity. Cooling heat exchangers in the prior art are replaced by at least one low-temperature waste heat generator set, waste heat echelon multi-level recycle is adopted, different organic working media are selected aiming at waste heat with different quality, matching degree between generating devices and technology production lines is improved, and initial investment is reduced as far as possible. The device utilizing semi-water gas low-temperature exhaust heat to generate electricity utilizes low-temperature heat sources between 220DEG C and 70 DEG C and adopts specific working media circulation to generate high-grade electric energy, and the electric power can be self-used or supplied to a grid. Moreover, the method utilizing semi-water gas low-temperature exhaust heat to generate electricity can flexibly control cooled semi-water gas temperature to meet technology requirements, thereby well solving the problems that existing large-scale chemical enterprises are low in low-temperature waste heat recovery rate, only aim at recycle of technology tail end waste heat, and cannot effectively recycle low-temperature waste heat during the production technology process, and relieving the situation of electric power shortage of existing industrial production.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the method and the device thereof of a kind of gaseous substance heat recovery and generating, be meant especially to be applied in the explained hereafter, the gaseous substance that needs cooling for example in semi-water gas or the rectification process, needs the heat recovery of the gaseous substance of cooling.
Background technique
Got into since " 12 ", energy-conservationly mentioned a unprecedented level.More and more important role is being played the part of in the recycling of industrial exhaust heat on energy-conservation stage.With the industrial exhaust heat is example, has 50% finally directly to discharge with the form of low-grade exhaust heat in the human heat energy that is utilized.Industrial exhaust heat generally is divided into the high-temperature residual heat more than 600 ℃, 600 ℃-230 ℃ middle temperature waste heat and the low temperature exhaust heat below 230 ℃.In recent years, the technology that is used for reclaiming flue gas and waste water high-temperature residual heat and temperature cogeneration had obtained the popularization of wide model, and had obtained good economic and environmental benefit.It is low that but existing technology and equipment exist efficient to the recycling of low temperature exhaust heat, shortcomings such as fluctuation of service, and also present most heat recovery technology just is directed against the used heat waste heat with equipment and recycles, like flue gas, and industrial wastewater, flushing cinder water etc.And seldom the waste heat that produces in the art production process is recycled, like the semi-water gas in the explained hereafter.The semi-water gas of blue-gas generator output often has very high temperature, and contains water vapour, and water vapour can be emitted a large amount of latent heat in condensation process, has very high recycling and is worth.Low temperature exhaust heat in these manufacturing processs is not utilized effectively, and reason is because its utilization exists efficient low, the shortcoming that Economy is not high; Moreover reclaim for the waste heat in the production technology, have influence on the carrying out of subsequent technique probably.
With certain chemical plant is example, and the temperature of gas producer outlet semi-water gas is about 220 ℃, after it adopts exhaust heat boiler to reclaim a part of heat; Temperature is reduced to 150 ℃; Utilize water quench to 40 ℃ then, some chemical plant even the waste heat of 220 ℃ of water gas do not reclaimed, directly with water quench to specified temp; This specially is equipped with again cooling tower, utilizes the heat that cooling water is carried to be dispersed into atmosphere.The reason that causes this present situation is in the explained hereafter, and low temperature exhaust heat belongs to low-grade heat, and it is not high to reclaim economic benefit.And technological process to be cooled the back gas temperature requirement is arranged; Such as being example with aforementioned chemical plant; Requirement is cooled to water gas below 40 ℃; General waste heat recovery apparatus is low to the utilization rate of waste heat of this part, and can not control the temperature of the back gas that is cooled neatly, makes the gas temperature that carries out after the heat recovery not meet technological requirement and can not directly be used for subsequent technique production.
On the other hand, electric energy is a high-grade energy, along with China's rapid development of economy; China's industry is increasing to the demand of electric power resource; Especially in recent years, the situation that supply falls short of demand had appearred in the supply of electric power resource, even the electricity consumption restriction has been carried out to the enterprise of high electricity consumption in the area that has.More or less cause loss economically to enterprise.If can UTILIZATION OF VESIDUAL HEAT IN a large amount of in the production technology be got up, changing into electric power output, to resupply enterprise personal or be incorporated into the power networks, and with alleviating the cost that enterprise increases because of electricity consumption, forms the good circulation of the utilization of resources.More and more enterprises has all been introduced cogeneration technology, but for the cogeneration below 150 ℃, still has technical difficulty at present.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve the problem that exists in the existing technology, the present invention provides a kind of apparatus and method for that utilizes the semi-water gas low-temperature cogeneration, solves the low dual problem that reaches power tense of existing large chemical complex utilization rate of waste heat.
Technological scheme of the present invention is following: a kind of equipment that utilizes the semi-water gas low-temperature cogeneration; The gas producer outlet connects the low-temperature electricity-generating unit by the road; The low-temperature cogeneration unit is at least one group, and every group includes: dry-expansion shell and tube evaporator, twin-screw expander, coil pipe type regenerator, shell and tube condenser, three-phase synchronous generator and working medium pump; Said dry-expansion shell and tube evaporator import is connected with blue-gas generator, and the outlet of dry-expansion shell and tube evaporator shell side is connected with the import of next stage vaporizer shell side, finally is connected with subsequent technique; The cycle fluid import of low-temperature electricity-generating unit is connected with the working medium pump outlet, and the tube side outlet is connected with the twin-screw expander intakeport; The import of coil pipe type regenerator tube side is connected with the outlet of shell and tube condenser tube side; The outlet of coil pipe type regenerator tube side is connected with the working medium pump import; The import of coil pipe type regenerator shell side is connected with the twin-screw expander relief opening, and the outlet of coil pipe type regenerator shell side is connected with the import of shell and tube condenser tube side; The shell and tube condenser shell side connects cooling water system.
Said low-temperature cogeneration unit is three groups.
Low-temperature electricity-generating units at different levels vaporizer shell sides at different levels connect with the mode of series connection, and every grade of vaporizer is provided with bypass, and each bypass is provided with modulating valve, and the condenser of low-temperature electricity-generating units at different levels is connected in parallel, and low-temperature electricity-generating unit miscellaneous part is separate not to be connected.
The outlet of first evaporator and second level evaporator outlet UNICOM; The outlet UNICOM of second level evaporator outlet and third evaporator, every grade of vaporizer is provided with bypass, and each bypass is provided with modulating valve; Said cooling water system comprises cooling tower and cooling waterpump; The import of cooling water is connected with equipment condenser inlet at different levels, outlet respectively with outlet, and the place is provided with regulating valve in condenser inlet at different levels, the condenser of units at different levels and downlink connection; Independent operating, low-temperature electricity-generating unit miscellaneous part is separate not to be connected.
A kind of method of utilizing the semi-water gas low-temperature cogeneration; Semi-water gas gets into the first evaporator shell side by the road in the gas producer outlet; With the organic working medium heat exchange in the tube side, valve through regulating evaporators at different levels place and the valve of evaporator outlet place bypass control semi-water gas flow are realized temperature control.
Said organic working medium is to select according to the inlet temperature of different vaporizer semi-water gass, and corresponding different temperature is interval, the organic working medium of selected different physicochemical properties.The control of this patent temperature has three intervals, is respectively to reduce to 150 ℃ through the first evaporator temperature by 230 ℃.Can select organic working medium R113 etc. for use.Through second level vaporizer, temperature is reduced to 90 ℃ by 150 ℃.Optional organic working medium is R123 etc.Be lower than 90 ℃ through the third evaporator temperature, can select organic working medium R152 etc. for use.The progression of vaporizer can be arranged according to the taste of waste heat flexibly, with regard to making the present invention carry out high efficiency recovery between the waste heat of 230 ℃ and 90 ℃ to temperature, has reduced the cost of institute of the present invention finger device simultaneously like this.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: the present invention adopts the multistage recovery of waste heat echelon, selects different organic working medium to the waste heat of different qualities, improves the matching degree of power generating equipment and production line, reduces initial cost as much as possible.The recovery scope of waste heat is 230 ℃-70 ℃, and can control the temperature of unit outlet port semi-water gas more accurately, original technology is not being had under the situation of adverse effect 380V is provided, and the commercial power of 50Hz improves utilization efficiency of energy.Generating efficiency can reach more than 5% when the low-temperature electricity-generating unit was directed against about 90 ℃-70 ℃ heat recovery, and for the higher waste heat of taste, generating efficiency can be higher than 5%.
With certain chemical plant is example, and the semi-water gas temperature that produces in its plant produced technology is 220 ℃, and technological requirement is cooled to 40 ℃.Originally the cooling means of semi-water gas is to adopt cooling water temperature, has wasted a large amount of waste heat energy.After adopting this programme, guarantee semi-water gas cooling back temperature meet the requirements of 40 ℃ with the prerequisite of not giving original technology increase extra duty under, the low-temperature cogeneration amount can reach 1.1 * 10
7KWh/, year minimizing CO
2Discharge 8000 tons, visible the present invention has very high economy and environmental benefit.
Low-temperature heat source in 220 ℃ of-70 ℃ of these temperature ranges of equipment utilization of the present invention; Adopt specific working medium circulation to produce the HQ high grade electric energy; Can electric power be used by oneself or online; And method of the present invention can be controlled to satisfy process requirements the semi-water gas temperature after being cooled flexibly; Solve the low shortcoming that can not effectively reclaim the production process middle-low temperature heat with the recovery that only is directed against the terminal used heat waste heat of technology of existing large chemical complex low temperature exhaust heat recovery utilization rate well, alleviated the situation of present commercial production shortage of electric power.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the prior art processes flow chart;
Fig. 2 is low-temperature electricity-generating unit and original technology coupling schematic representation;
Fig. 3 is a low-temperature cogeneration unit schematic representation;
1-gas producer wherein, 2-cooling heat exchanger, 3-cooling tower, 4-cooling waterpump, 5-low-temperature electricity-generating unit; The 6-first evaporator, 7-twin-screw expander, 8-coil pipe type regenerator, 9-shell and tube condenser, 10-three-phase synchronous generator; The 11-working medium pump, 12-modulating valve, 13-second level vaporizer, 14-third evaporator; The import of a-water gas, the outlet of b-water gas, c-cooling water intake, d-coolant outlet; A-first order low-temperature cogeneration unit, B-second level low-temperature cogeneration unit, C-third level low-temperature cogeneration unit, the water gas of D-according with process requirements temperature.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing apparatus and method for of the present invention is elaborated.
As shown in Figure 1, semi-water gas in original technology (220 ℃) gets into cooling heat exchanger by the road in gas producer outlet, and the heat water that is cooled is taken away, and semi-water gas is cooled to the technological requirement temperature, gets into the subsequent technique flow process.And cooling water gets into cooling tower, and the heat that carries is distributed to atmosphere.
The present invention to produce electric power, adopts the cooling heat exchanger 2 in the original technology of low-temperature electricity-generating unit 5 replacements in order to utilize the waste heat of semi-water gas, and it is as shown in Figure 2 to connect schematic representation.This unit directly substitutes the cooling heat exchanger in the original technology, and continues to use cooling waterpump and cooling tower in the former technology, need not arrange cooling water system again to the low-temperature electricity-generating unit again.Have easy construction, practice thrift the advantage of initial cost.
Utilize the coupled system equipment of the low-temperature cogeneration in the semi-water gas production process to comprise at least one grade low-temp cogeneration unit, when the semi-water gas temperature drop that requires to be cooled is big, can adopt secondary or more multistage low-temperature cogeneration unit.The also visible Fig. 3 of the Placement of the component parts of every grade low-temp cogeneration unit; The semi-water gas that blue-gas generator 1 produces gets into the shell side of dry-expansion shell and tube evaporator 6; Its import a is connected with blue-gas generator 1; The shell side outlet is connected with the 13 shell side imports of next stage vaporizer, and final warp outlet b is connected with subsequent technique.The cycle fluid of low-temperature electricity-generating unit gets into the vaporizer tube side, and its import is connected with working medium pump 11 outlets, and the tube side outlet is connected with twin-screw expander 7 intakepories.The 8 tube side imports of coil pipe type regenerator are connected with the outlet of shell and tube condenser 9 tube sides, and the tube side outlet is connected with working medium pump 11 imports, and the shell side import is connected with twin-screw expander 7 relief openings, and the shell side outlet is connected with shell and tube condenser 9 tube side imports.Shell and tube condenser 9 shell sides connect the cooling water system of original technology.
Low-temperature electricity-generating units at different levels have only vaporizer shell sides at different levels to connect with the mode of series connection.As shown in Figure 3; Every grade of vaporizer is provided with bypass; The outlet of first evaporator 6 and second level vaporizer 13 outlet UNICOMs, second level vaporizer 13 exports the outlet UNICOM with third evaporator 14 respectively, and each bypass is provided with modulating valve 12; Be used for regulating the water gas flow that gets into each vaporizer, reached control semi-water gas outlet b temperature.Other component parts are separate, do not connect.Cooling water system adopts the cooling tower 3 in the original system, cooling waterpump 4, the import of cooling water and outlet respectively with equipment condenser inlet c at different levels, outlet d connects.At condenser inlet c at different levels place regulating valve is set, is used for regulating water-quantity.The condenser of units at different levels is and downlink connection, independent operating.Do not disturb each other.Working medium is selected organic substance of different nature for use according to the temperature quality that institute will recycle waste heat in the equipment, has reached high as far as possible raising generating efficiency, the purpose of minimizing unit manufacture cost.Simultaneously, improved the matching of low-temperature electricity-generating unit and original technology.
The present invention utilizes the organic Rankine circulation theory, adopts multistage low-temperature cogeneration unit, and step absorbs the water gas waste heat.So-called organic Rankine circulation just is meant with lower boiling organic substance and replaces the water in the Rankine cycle, utilizes the organic substance high pressure steam to promote decompressor or steam turbine acting.
The flow direction of organic working medium in the low-temperature cogeneration unit that the present invention introduces: organic working medium is evaporated with the semi-water gas heat exchange in dry type shell and tube evaporator 6, becomes high pressure steam.Get into twin-screw expander 7 adiabatic expansions then; The screw rod machine drives generator 10 and rotates, and organic working medium gets into coil pipe type regenerator 8 shell sides and the heat exchange of regenerator tube side organic working medium, gets into shell and tube condenser 9 then; With the cooling water heat exchange water condensation that is cooled be liquid organic working medium; Pump to coil pipe type regenerator 8 tube sides by working medium pump then, get into dry-expansion shell and tube evaporator 6 at last, accomplish a circulation.
Apply the present invention to certain chemical plant; Three grades of generator set are set altogether; During through one-level low-temperature electricity-generating unit, gas temperature is reduced to about 150 ℃ from about 230 ℃, and the water gas temperature is reduced to about 90 ℃ from 150 ℃ during through second level low-temperature electricity-generating unit; During through third level low-temperature electricity-generating unit, the water gas temperature is reduced to about 40 ℃ from about 90 ℃.
Semi-water gas import on the first evaporator 6 that gas producer produces gets into the vaporizer shell side, and the organic working medium heat exchange with in the tube side is cooled.If first evaporator 1 outlet port semi-water gas temperature is starkly lower than 150 ℃ (annotating: be starkly lower than and be meant that the temperature departure desired temperature is above 10 ℃); Then through regulating bypath valve 12; Increase semi-water gas flow in the bypass line; Make vaporizer 13 semi-water gas outlet temperatures in the second level near 90 ℃,, then turn down water gas inlet valve if first evaporator 6 outlet port temperature are higher than 150 ℃; Reduce the flow that gets in the vaporizer, the first evaporator outlet temperature is reduced until being stabilized in about 150 ℃.Second level vaporizer 7 is controlled as above with the third evaporator outlet temperature, promptly realizes temperature control through the valve at adjusting evaporator place and the valve of evaporator outlet place bypass.Need to prove that first evaporator 6 and second level vaporizer 13 outlet temperature control accuracies probably are ± 10 ℃.
At the semi-water gas rate of discharge is 25000m
3/ h; Pressure is 0.5MPa; Outlet temperature is that the present invention program compares with the cooling scheme of original semi-water gas under 220 ℃ the situation, guarantee semi-water gas cooling back temperature meet the requirements of 40 ℃ with the prerequisite of not giving original technology increase extra duty under; In generating efficiency 5%, the low-temperature cogeneration amount can reach 1.1 * 10
7KWh/, year minimizing CO
2Discharge about 8000 tons, visible the present invention has very high economy and environmental benefit.
Claims (6)
1. equipment that utilizes the semi-water gas low-temperature cogeneration; It is characterized in that; The gas producer outlet connects the low-temperature electricity-generating unit by the road; The low-temperature cogeneration unit is at least one group, and every group includes: dry-expansion shell and tube evaporator, twin-screw expander, coil pipe type regenerator, shell and tube condenser, three-phase synchronous generator and working medium pump; Said dry-expansion shell and tube evaporator import is connected with blue-gas generator, and the outlet of dry-expansion shell and tube evaporator shell side is connected with the import of next stage vaporizer shell side, finally is connected with subsequent technique; The cycle fluid import of low-temperature electricity-generating unit is connected with the working medium pump outlet, and the tube side outlet is connected with the twin-screw expander intakeport; The import of coil pipe type regenerator tube side is connected with the outlet of shell and tube condenser tube side; The outlet of coil pipe type regenerator tube side is connected with the working medium pump import; The import of coil pipe type regenerator shell side is connected with the twin-screw expander relief opening, and the outlet of coil pipe type regenerator shell side is connected with the import of shell and tube condenser tube side; The shell and tube condenser shell side connects cooling water system.
2. the equipment that utilizes the semi-water gas low-temperature cogeneration according to claim 1 is characterized in that, said low-temperature cogeneration unit is three groups.
3. the equipment that utilizes the semi-water gas low-temperature cogeneration according to claim 1 and 2; It is characterized in that; Low-temperature electricity-generating units at different levels vaporizer shell sides at different levels connect with the mode of series connection, and every grade of vaporizer is provided with bypass, and each bypass is provided with modulating valve; The condenser of low-temperature electricity-generating units at different levels is connected in parallel, and low-temperature electricity-generating unit miscellaneous part is separate not to be connected.
4. the equipment that utilizes the semi-water gas low-temperature cogeneration according to claim 2 is characterized in that, the outlet of first evaporator and second level evaporator outlet UNICOM; The outlet UNICOM of second level evaporator outlet and third evaporator, every grade of vaporizer is provided with bypass, and each bypass is provided with modulating valve; Said cooling water system comprises cooling tower and cooling waterpump; The import of cooling water is connected with equipment condenser inlet at different levels, outlet respectively with outlet, and the place is provided with regulating valve in condenser inlet at different levels, the condenser of units at different levels and downlink connection; Independent operating, low-temperature electricity-generating unit miscellaneous part is separate not to be connected.
5. method of utilizing the said equipment utilization semi-water gas of claim 1 low-temperature cogeneration; It is characterized in that; Semi-water gas gets into the first evaporator shell side by the road in the gas producer outlet; With the organic working medium heat exchange in the tube side, valve through regulating evaporators at different levels place and the valve of evaporator outlet place bypass control semi-water gas flow are realized temperature control.
6. according to the said method of utilizing the semi-water gas low-temperature cogeneration of claim 5; It is characterized in that; Said organic working medium adopts the organic working medium of different thermodynamic properties according to the temperature of semi-water gas in the vaporizer; Be respectively to reduce to 150 ℃ by 230 ℃, select organic working medium R113 for use through the first evaporator temperature; Through second level vaporizer, temperature is reduced to 90 ℃ by 150 ℃, and selecting organic working medium is R123; Be lower than 90 ℃ through the third evaporator temperature, select organic working medium R152 for use.
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Application publication date: 20121212 |