CN102817495A - Upright, location column, forming method and lock applying location column - Google Patents
Upright, location column, forming method and lock applying location column Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN102817495A CN102817495A CN2012103142823A CN201210314282A CN102817495A CN 102817495 A CN102817495 A CN 102817495A CN 2012103142823 A CN2012103142823 A CN 2012103142823A CN 201210314282 A CN201210314282 A CN 201210314282A CN 102817495 A CN102817495 A CN 102817495A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- column
- substrate
- irony
- bottom cylinder
- lock
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Images
Landscapes
- Gates (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a structure of an iron upright, and a location column formed based on the iron upright, a method for forming the location column, and a lock applying the location column. The iron upright extruded and located on a plate-shaped metal substrate comprises a lower upright body and an upright head integrally arranged on the lower upright body and is characterized in that the outer diameter of the lower upright body is less than that of the upright head, the outer periphery of the upright head is polygonal or zigzag, an annular transition groove is arranged between the lower upright body and the upright head, the outer diameter of the transition groove is less than that of the lower upright post, and the sum of the heights of the upright head and the transition groove is not more than the thickness of the substrate. Due to the characteristics and the advantages, the structure can be applied to a product which is based on the substrate and is provided with a connecting upright, such as a panel of a lock.
Description
Technical field
The structure that the present invention relates to a kind of irony column reaches based on the formed reference column of said irony column, forms the method for reference column and the lockset of using reference column.
Background technology
In the prior art, processed on the metal substrate that is tabular at some and to be provided with roughly at the reference column of vertical direction protrusion, adopted a lot of methods, wherein most important way is welded exactly or is inlayed (or cold extrusion shaped).If the material of the material of said reference column and metal substrate is inconsistent in welding method, welding has very big difficulty can not guarantee the mass effect of welding.Next welds required cost of labor also than higher.
Summary of the invention
According to the deficiency of prior art, the present invention proposes a kind of irony column that is used for extruding location on the plate-shape metal substrate, comprises bottom cylinder and the integrated setting column cap on the cylinder of said bottom; It is characterized in that the external diameter of said bottom cylinder is less than the external diameter of said column cap, the neighboring of said column cap is polygon or zigzag; Be provided with the transition groove of ring-type between said bottom cylinder and the said column cap, the external diameter of said transition groove is less than the external diameter of said bottom cylinder, and the height summation of said column cap and said transition groove is not more than the thickness of said substrate.
Wherein, said bottom cylinder and column cap integrated setting can adopt turning or punch forming.
Wherein, The external diameter of said bottom cylinder is less than the external diameter of said column cap; Main purpose is when being connected to said irony column on the substrate, and the pre-manufactured hole that the said lower post body of said irony column can be passed like a cork be arranged on the said substrate but the column cap of said irony column can push the wall body of pre-manufactured hole periphery and make its distortion.
Wherein, The neighboring of said column cap is set to polygon or zigzag; Can let be formed on the resistance that radial direction is rotated between neighboring and the wall body that is connected of said column cap, thereby when said irony column is connected on the substrate after, said irony column can not be in rotation in the radial direction.
Wherein, Be provided with the transition groove of ring-type between said bottom cylinder and the said column cap; The external diameter of said transition groove is less than the external diameter of said bottom cylinder; Like this, when said irony column was connected on the substrate, the wall body of the column cap of said irony column extruding pre-manufactured hole periphery also made its distortion and the crushed element that produces can be squeezed in the said transition groove; Be pressed into the axial location that distortion wall body in the said transition groove can form said irony column.
Wherein, The height of said column cap and said transition groove is not more than the thickness of said substrate; Like this, when said irony column was connected on the said substrate, said column cap can be squeezed into said substrate; And having enough crushed elements can be squeezed in the said transition groove, the shoulder of said bottom cylinder is attached to the bottom surface of said substrate basically; Even axial play appears in the back on the said substrate if said irony column is connected to, but loosening end play is very little.
Further technical scheme can also be that the lower wall surface of said column cap is herringbone.The lower wall surface of said column cap is herringbone, and in fact just the upper wall surface of said transition groove is herringbone, is convenient to said column cap like this and is pressed in the said tabular substrate.
Further technical scheme can also be that the end of said bottom cylinder is provided with connecting thread.Can said irony column and other parts such as control circuit board, front and back panel etc. be coupled together through said connecting thread like this.Certainly be not provided with under the situation of connecting thread in the end of said irony column, can be used as stopping means yet like parts such as location goat's horn pieces.
Use the formed reference column of described irony column; Comprise metal substrate and roughly hang down and extremely be arranged on the irony column on the said substrate; It is characterized in that, on said substrate, form and be the big and little stepped positioning chamber of lower diameter of top diameter, wherein; Said column cap is embedded in the top positioning chamber of said positioning chamber, and the radial outer periphery of said column cap closely contacts with the chamber wall of said top positioning chamber; The wall body extrolling at the positioning chamber place, bottom of said positioning chamber reaches in the said transition groove.
Wherein, said stepped positioning chamber is not the cavity that is provided with in advance, and on the basis of the pre-manufactured hole that is provided with in advance on the said substrate cavity of extrusion modling, form in the process of said reference column in extruding, itself also can be out of shape said pre-manufactured hole.
Wherein, the radial outer periphery of said column cap closely contacts with the chamber wall of said top positioning chamber, and said like this irony column can not promptly can form the radial location of said irony column rotating in the radial direction.
Wherein, the wall body extrolling at the positioning chamber place, bottom of said positioning chamber reaches in the said transition groove, can form the axial location of said irony column like this.
The method of the described reference column of extrusion modling may further comprise the steps:
A. on said substrate, prepare a pre-manufactured hole adaptive in advance with the bottom cylinder of said irony column, the pore size of said pre-manufactured hole with said bottom cylinder just through being as the criterion;
B. in the inboard of said substrate the pad mould is set, said pad mould is provided with dodges the hole, and said pore size of dodging the hole can freely be come in and gone out with said lower post body and is as the criterion;
C. the bottom cylinder of said irony column is passed said pre-manufactured hole from the outside of said substrate and be inserted into said dodging the hole;
D. serve as the basic platform that carries said substrate with said pad mould, the column cap of oppressing said irony column in the outside of said substrate is embedded in the said substrate said column cap at least a portion extruding.
Further technical scheme can also be, under normal temperature condition the hardness of said substrate less than the hardness of said irony column, and under normal temperature condition the said reference column of extrusion modling.
Use the lockset of said reference column, said lockset comprises that lock with aluminium matter panel, is characterized in that, a said irony column is set at said lock at least on aluminium matter panel.
Further technical scheme can also be; Also be fixed with interior lining panel at said lock with the inboard of aluminium matter panel; Said interior lining panel is provided with the locating hole adaptive with said reference column, couples together through connector by means of said locating hole between said reference column and the said interior lining panel.
Further technical scheme can also be, said lock has lug with the inner peripheral of aluminium matter panel, and said interior lining panel is positioned in the inner space that said lug defines.
Further technical scheme can also be, between said interior lining panel and said lock are with aluminium matter panel, is provided with control circuit board.Said control circuit board includes control circuit and central controller etc., is used for automatic detection, demonstration or control to lockset.
Further technical scheme can also be, is provided with the location goat's horn piece that links with door handle at said lock with the inboard of aluminium matter panel, and the goat's horn of said location goat's horn piece is kept out on said irony column.
Further technical scheme can also be that the end of said irony column can be provided with said screw thread.
Because the present invention has These characteristics and advantage, can be applied to for this reason and need be provided with based on substrate in the panel that connects with the product of column such as lockset.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a structural representation of using the irony column of technical scheme of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is a structural representation of using the reference column of technical scheme of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is that the reference column of using technical scheme of the present invention is installed preceding structural representation;
Fig. 4 is the structural representation after the reference column of application technical scheme of the present invention is installed;
Fig. 5 is a structural representation of using the lock panel of technical scheme of the present invention;
Fig. 6 uses relativeness structural representation between location goat's horn piece and the column of technical scheme of the present invention.
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing the product of using technical scheme of the present invention is done further explanation.
Like Fig. 1, Fig. 2 and shown in Figure 3; A kind of irony column 1 that is used for extruding location on plate-shape metal substrate 2; Comprise bottom cylinder 12 and top column cap 11 and be arranged on the transition groove 13 between said bottom cylinder 12 and the column cap 11; Said bottom cylinder 12 and column cap 11 integrated moldings can adopt turning or punch forming.
Wherein, The external diameter of said bottom cylinder 12 is less than the external diameter of said column cap 11; Like this; When said irony column 1 being connected to 2 last times of substrate, let the said bottom cylinder 11 of said irony column 1 can pass the pre-manufactured hole 20 that is arranged on the said substrate 2 like a cork, but the column cap 11 of said irony column 1 can push the wall body of said pre-manufactured hole 20 peripheries and make its distortion.
Wherein, The radial outer periphery of said column cap 11 is set to polygon or zigzag; Can let and be formed on the resistance that radial direction is rotated between the wall body of radial outer periphery and the said substrate 2 that is connected of said column cap 11; Thereby after said irony column 1 was connected on the said substrate 2, said irony column 1 can not rotate in the radial direction.
Wherein, The transition groove 13 that has ring-type between said bottom cylinder 12 and the said column cap 11; The external diameter of said transition groove 13 is less than the external diameter of said bottom cylinder 12; Like this, when said irony column 1 is connected to 2 last times of substrate, the wall body of column cap 11 extruding pre-manufactured holes 20 peripheries of said irony column 1 also makes its distortion and the crushed element 23 that produces can be squeezed in the said transition groove 13; Be pressed into the axial location that crushed element 23 wall bodies in the said transition groove 13 can form said irony column 1, also can bear axial moment and moment radially.
Wherein, The height summation of said column cap 11 and said transition groove 13 is slightly less than or equals the thickness of said substrate 2; Like this, when said irony column 1 is connected to 2 last times of substrate, said column cap 11 all can be squeezed into said substrate 2; The shoulder 131 of said bottom cylinder 12 just is attached to the bottom surface of said substrate 2 basically, thereby also can utilize the axial location of the said irony column 1 of shoulder 131 formation of said bottom cylinder 12; Even axial play appears in the back on the said substrate 2 if said irony column 1 is connected to, but loosening end play is very little.
Further technical scheme can also be that the end of said bottom cylinder 12 is provided with connection screw thread hole 14.Wherein said screwed hole 14 is internal threads, can certainly be external screw thread.Said screwed hole 14 is mainly used in other member and is connected.
(having omitted screwed hole 14 among the figure) as shown in Figure 2; Use said irony column 1 formed reference column; Comprise substrate 2 and roughly hang down extremely being arranged on the irony column 2 on the said substrate 2, on said substrate 2, form and be the top diameter greatly and the little stepped positioning chamber of lower diameter, wherein; Said column cap 11 all is embedded in the top positioning chamber 21 of said positioning chamber, and whole neighborings of said column cap 11 closely contact with the chamber wall of said top positioning chamber 21; The wall body 23 at bottom positioning chamber 22 places of said positioning chamber is extruded and extends in the said transition groove 13.
Secondly, the outer side plane of the top end face of said column cap 11 and said substrate 2 roughly maintains an equal level; If the thickness of said substrate 2 is enough big certainly; Also can said column cap 11 is buried in said substrate 2; But will make the complex structure of extrusion equipment like this, thereby and must make the bigger material that can take in more said substrates 2 that are extruded out in the space of said transition groove 13 more.
Wherein, Stepped said positioning chamber is not the cavity that is provided with in advance; And on the basis of the said pre-manufactured hole 20 that is provided with in advance on the said substrate 2 cavity of extrusion modling, form in the process of said reference column in extruding, said pre-manufactured hole 20 itself can distortion become said positioning chamber.
Wherein, whole neighborings of said column cap 11 closely contact with the chamber wall of said top positioning chamber 21, and said like this irony column 1 can not promptly can form the radial location of said irony column 1 rotating in the radial direction.
Wherein, wall body 23 extrollings at bottom positioning chamber 22 places of said positioning chamber reach in the said transition groove 13, can form the axial location of said irony column 1 like this.
Like Fig. 3 and (having omitted screwed hole 14 among the figure) shown in Figure 4, the method for the described reference column of extrusion modling may further comprise the steps:
A. on said substrate 2, prepare a pre-manufactured hole 20 adaptive in advance with the bottom cylinder of said irony column 1 12, the pore size of said pre-manufactured hole 20 with said bottom cylinder 12 just through being as the criterion;
B., pad mould 3 is set in the inboard of said substrate 2; Said pad mould 3 is provided with dodges hole 30; Said aperture of dodging hole 30 is roughly roughly the same with the aperture of said pre-manufactured hole 20, but said pore size of dodging hole 30 can freely be come in and gone out with said bottom cylinder 12 and is as the criterion;
C. the bottom cylinder 12 of said irony column 1 is passed said pre-manufactured hole 20 from the outside of said substrate 2 and be inserted into said dodging the hole 30;
D. serve as the basic platform that carries said substrate 2 with said pad mould 3, to said irony column 1 reinforcing, oppress the column cap 11 of said irony column 1, said column cap 11 extruding are embedded in the said substrate 2 in the outside of said substrate 2.
Further technical scheme can also be, under normal temperature condition the hardness of said substrate 2 less than the hardness of said irony column 1, and under normal temperature condition the said reference column of extrusion modling.
Like Fig. 5 and shown in Figure 6, use the lockset of said reference column, said lockset comprises that lock with aluminium matter panel 5, forms a said reference column thereby a said irony column 1 is set at least on the wall body of said lock with aluminium matter panel 5.Said like this reference column (said irony column) not only can be used for the connection between the front and back panel of door lock, but also can be used to form the location cylinder as shown in Figure 5 of other function.
Further technical scheme can also be; Also be fixed with interior lining panel 6 at said lock with the inboard of aluminium matter panel 5; Said interior lining panel 6 is provided with the locating hole 60 adaptive with said irony column 1; Can couple together through connector 7 by means of said locating hole 60 between said irony column 1 and the said interior lining panel 6, said connector 7 is screws.Secondly, the tail end of said irony column 1 can be positioned at the inboard of said interior lining panel 6, also can pass said locating hole 60 backs that are provided with on the said interior lining panel 6 and be threaded with said connector 7.Certainly the said interior lining panel 6 in location can also be located the combination of perhaps multiple scheme through other modes except through the said irony column 1.
Further technical scheme can also be, said lock has lug 51 with the inner peripheral of aluminium matter panel 5, and said interior lining panel 6 is positioned in the inner space that said lock defined with the lug 51 of aluminium matter panel 5.
Further technical scheme can also be, between said interior lining panel 6 and said lock are with aluminium matter panel 5, is provided with control circuit board 8.Said control circuit board 8 is used to control the action of lockset, and said like this interior lining panel 6 can provide protection for said control circuit board 8 again.
Further technical scheme can also be; Between said interior lining panel 6 and said lock are with aluminium matter panel 5, be provided with the location goat's horn piece 4 with door handle 9 interlocks, the goat's horn 41 of said location goat's horn piece 4 or the spring arm (said spring arm is equivalent to goat's horn 41) that is connected with said location goat's horn piece 4 are kept out on said irony column 1.Said like this irony column 1 at said lock with under aluminium matter panel 5 and said interior lining panel 6 together support, form to said location goat's horn piece 4 and with the location of the said door handle 9 of its interlock.In this scheme, because the member of said irony column 1 goat's horn piece 4 as just said location, location, the end of said for this reason irony column 1 can be provided with said screw thread 14.
Claims (11)
1. be used for the irony column of extruding location on the plate-shape metal substrate, comprise bottom cylinder and the integrated setting column cap on the cylinder of said bottom; It is characterized in that the external diameter of said bottom cylinder is less than the external diameter of said column cap, the neighboring of said column cap is polygon or zigzag; Be provided with the transition groove of ring-type between said bottom cylinder and the said column cap, the external diameter of said transition groove is less than the external diameter of said bottom cylinder, and the height summation of said column cap and said transition groove is not more than the thickness of said substrate.
2. irony column according to claim 1 is characterized in that the lower wall surface of said column cap is herringbone.
3. irony column according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the end of said bottom cylinder is provided with connecting thread.
4. use claim 1, the formed reference column of 2 or 3 described irony columns; Comprise metal substrate and roughly hang down and extremely be arranged on the irony column on the said substrate; It is characterized in that, on said substrate, form and be the big and little stepped positioning chamber of lower diameter of top diameter, wherein; Said column cap is embedded in the top positioning chamber of said positioning chamber, and the radial outer periphery of said column cap closely contacts with the chamber wall of said top positioning chamber; The wall body extrolling at the positioning chamber place, bottom of said positioning chamber reaches in the said transition groove.
5. the method for the described reference column of extrusion modling claim 4 may further comprise the steps:
A. on said substrate, prepare a pre-manufactured hole adaptive in advance with the bottom cylinder of said irony column, the pore size of said pre-manufactured hole with said bottom cylinder just through being as the criterion;
B. in the inboard of said substrate the pad mould is set, said pad mould be provided with said bottom cylinder adaptive dodge the hole, said pore size of dodging the hole can freely be come in and gone out with said lower post body and is as the criterion;
C. the bottom cylinder of said irony column is passed said pre-manufactured hole from the outside of said substrate and be inserted into said dodging the hole;
D. serve as the basic platform that carries said substrate with said pad mould, the column cap of oppressing said irony column in the outside of said substrate is embedded in the said substrate said column cap at least a portion extruding.
6. the method for extrusion modling reference column according to claim 5 is characterized in that, under normal temperature condition the hardness of said substrate less than the hardness of said irony column, and under normal temperature condition the said reference column of extrusion modling.
7. application rights requires the lockset of 4 said reference columns, and said lockset comprises that lock with aluminium matter panel, is characterized in that, a said irony column is set at said lock at least on aluminium matter panel.
8. lockset according to claim 7; It is characterized in that; Also be fixed with interior lining panel at said lock with the inboard of aluminium matter panel; Said interior lining panel is provided with and the adaptive locating hole of said irony column, can couple together through connector by means of said locating hole between said irony column and the said interior lining panel.
9. lockset according to claim 8 is characterized in that said lock has lug with the inner peripheral of aluminium matter panel, and said interior lining panel is positioned in the inner space that said lug defines.
10. lockset according to claim 8 is characterized in that, between said interior lining panel and said lock are with aluminium matter panel, is provided with control circuit board.
11., it is characterized in that be provided with the location goat's horn piece with the door handle interlock at said lock with the inboard of aluminium matter panel, the goat's horn of said location goat's horn piece is kept out on said irony column according to claim 7 or 8 described locksets.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2012103142823A CN102817495A (en) | 2012-08-30 | 2012-08-30 | Upright, location column, forming method and lock applying location column |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2012103142823A CN102817495A (en) | 2012-08-30 | 2012-08-30 | Upright, location column, forming method and lock applying location column |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN102817495A true CN102817495A (en) | 2012-12-12 |
Family
ID=47301905
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2012103142823A Pending CN102817495A (en) | 2012-08-30 | 2012-08-30 | Upright, location column, forming method and lock applying location column |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN102817495A (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103128183A (en) * | 2013-02-01 | 2013-06-05 | 泰生创研（上海）冲压件有限公司 | Jointing process between metals |
| CN105179429A (en) * | 2015-10-29 | 2015-12-23 | 武汉光迅科技股份有限公司 | Aligning device for pressing nut column on circuit board |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN2763605Y (en) * | 2003-12-29 | 2006-03-08 | 徐梧 | Rivet joint screw for assembling casing |
| DE102007051626A1 (en) * | 2007-10-26 | 2009-04-30 | Zimmer, Günther | Telescopic dowels I |
| CN101787995A (en) * | 2010-03-18 | 2010-07-28 | 成都府河电力自动化成套设备有限责任公司 | Connecting mechanism used for metal sheet and installation method therefor |
| CN102561801A (en) * | 2011-11-24 | 2012-07-11 | 曹国基 | Positioning structure of handle for mortice door lock |
| CN203034920U (en) * | 2012-08-30 | 2013-07-03 | 伍小平 | Iron stand column for being located on plate-shaped metal base in extruded mode, locating column and lock |
-
2012
- 2012-08-30 CN CN2012103142823A patent/CN102817495A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN2763605Y (en) * | 2003-12-29 | 2006-03-08 | 徐梧 | Rivet joint screw for assembling casing |
| DE102007051626A1 (en) * | 2007-10-26 | 2009-04-30 | Zimmer, Günther | Telescopic dowels I |
| CN101787995A (en) * | 2010-03-18 | 2010-07-28 | 成都府河电力自动化成套设备有限责任公司 | Connecting mechanism used for metal sheet and installation method therefor |
| CN102561801A (en) * | 2011-11-24 | 2012-07-11 | 曹国基 | Positioning structure of handle for mortice door lock |
| CN203034920U (en) * | 2012-08-30 | 2013-07-03 | 伍小平 | Iron stand column for being located on plate-shaped metal base in extruded mode, locating column and lock |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103128183A (en) * | 2013-02-01 | 2013-06-05 | 泰生创研（上海）冲压件有限公司 | Jointing process between metals |
| CN105179429A (en) * | 2015-10-29 | 2015-12-23 | 武汉光迅科技股份有限公司 | Aligning device for pressing nut column on circuit board |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| US10092986B2 (en) | Self-locking molded-in blind inserts | |
| CN104514796A (en) | Method for the attachment of a fastener element to a workpiece, and a combination of a washer with a die button | |
| CN102817495A (en) | Upright, location column, forming method and lock applying location column | |
| CN203034920U (en) | Iron stand column for being located on plate-shaped metal base in extruded mode, locating column and lock | |
| TW201114645A (en) | Standpipe upper cover and manufacturing method thereof | |
| CN211007106U (en) | Anchoring part for heat-insulation board | |
| CN204458761U (en) | A kind of integrated embedded nut of aluminum honeycomb panel | |
| CN210501327U (en) | Single screw extruder is used in production of polyethylene pipe material | |
| CN203926310U (en) | A kind of quick mounting nuts connecting for sheet metal part | |
| CN205715114U (en) | A kind of anti-theft anchor ear | |
| CN206154292U (en) | Truss robot rack is fixed with tight mechanism of steel ball lock | |
| CN206185258U (en) | Steel ball is from feeling relieved modular fixture | |
| CN107869508A (en) | A kind of compound bolt arrangement | |
| CN108757691B (en) | Welding method for copper pressure riveting nut column on sheet metal part | |
| CN202546164U (en) | Base device of flat television | |
| CN203066754U (en) | Mounting structure of door pocket vertical plate | |
| CN102734299A (en) | Anti-removing hot-melting nut | |
| CN204054658U (en) | Metalwork plastic connecting means | |
| CN203805222U (en) | Safety protection device for roller | |
| CN219911419U (en) | External wall heat preservation expansion nail | |
| CN218624982U (en) | Large-pitch long screw capable of preventing wood plate from cracking | |
| CN202487401U (en) | Capacitor insulating base | |
| JP2007270897A (en) | Fixing structure for member | |
| CN204493397U (en) | Embedded nut | |
| CN218408101U (en) | Hexagonal head bolt |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| C12 | Rejection of a patent application after its publication | ||
| RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication |
Application publication date: 20121212 |