CN102812382A - Seismic system with ghost and motion rejection - Google Patents
Seismic system with ghost and motion rejection Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
- G01V1/16—Receiving elements for seismic signals; Arrangements or adaptations of receiving elements
- G01V1/18—Receiving elements, e.g. seismometer, geophone or torque detectors, for localised single point measurements
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
- G01V1/16—Receiving elements for seismic signals; Arrangements or adaptations of receiving elements
- G01V1/18—Receiving elements, e.g. seismometer, geophone or torque detectors, for localised single point measurements
- G01V1/189—Combinations of different types of receiving elements
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
- G01V1/28—Processing seismic data, e.g. analysis, for interpretation, for correction
- G01V1/36—Effecting static or dynamic corrections on records, e.g. correcting spread; Correlating seismic signals; Eliminating effects of unwanted energy
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
- G01V1/38—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting specially adapted for water-covered areas
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- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V2210/00—Details of seismic processing or analysis
- G01V2210/10—Aspects of acoustic signal generation or detection
- G01V2210/14—Signal detection
- G01V2210/144—Signal detection with functionally associated receivers, e.g. hydrophone and geophone pairs
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- G01V2210/56—De-ghosting; Reverberation compensation
Abstract
An underwater seismic system for reducing noise due to ghost reflections or motion through the water from seismic signals. The system includes two motion sensors. One sensor has a first response and is sensitive to platform-motion-induced noise as well as to acoustic waves. The other sensor has a different construction that isolates it from the acoustic waves so that its response is mainly to motion noise. The outputs of the two sensor responses are combined to remove the effects of motion noise. When further combined with a hydrophone signal, noise due to ghost reflections is reduced.
Description
Background of invention
Present invention relates in general to offshore shooting, and relate to the seismic reflection of not expecting of the sensor that is used for reducing the sensor that drags behind survey vessel, the sensor that is arranged in the seabed or autonomous node and the equipment and the method for The noise particularly.
As shown in fig. 1, in the pull-type offshore shooting, behind the boats and ships 20 of coastal waters face 22, pulling hydrophone array.These nautical receiving sets are installed in the multisensor cable, are commonly called towing cable 24.This towing cable is as the platform of nautical receiving set.Drag the earthquake sound source 26 of face periodically to radiate acoustic energy equally in the coastal waters.This acoustic energy is propagated downwards through the ocean, from fabric or underwater stratum 28 reflections, returns back up to hydrophone array through the ocean then.The seismic energy that is reflected arrives towing array acceptance point.This hydrophone array comprises a plurality of these type of acceptance points, and writes down the earthquake sound small echo of upwards propagating from sea bed 30 at each acceptance point.Subsequently, the recording processing of nautical receiving set is become the seismic image of fabric.
Noise is a major consideration in the operation of pull-type towing cable.Noise source comprises from the expanded noise on sea and wave noise.And, pull this towing cable and pass seawater and can cause noise.The part of these noises is propagated through this towing cable, and a part is propagated through water column self.The typical method of handling noise source is to use the combination of time filtering and spatial filtering.Time filtering is to sample and realize through with the weight that is applied to sample the nautical receiving set signal being carried out discrete data in time.The nautical receiving set channel comprises that also analog filter is to prevent that producing signal in frequency greater than sampling rate one half mixes repeatedly.Typically, space sample forms through a plurality of independently nautical receiving set outputs are divided into groups to sue for peace, thereby makes the noise of having decayed and having propagated along the length of towing cable.This spatial sampling is for not influence of the noise of propagating in the streamer axis vertical direction.Typical hydrophone, group comprises the nautical receiving set about eight in 12 meters streamer section.
Acoustic impedance ρ c is the product of the velocity of sound in Media density and the medium.As long as sound wave is run into acoustic impedance and changed, at least a portion acoustic wave energy can reflect.The energy that is not reflected is crossed two interregional separatrix transmission (refraction) with different acoustic impedances.This pressure wave is a barometric wave, and this causes the particle movement on the direction of propagation.On the planar interface between two different homogenous medium, sound wave with incident angle θ
1The angle same reflection, and with angle θ
2Refraction.This refraction angle is:
θ
2=sin
-1(c
2sinθ
1/c
1)。
Subscript refers to sound wave and moves to medium 2 from medium 1, and c
1And c
2It is the velocity of sound in each medium.If incident angle θ
1Be zero, the angle θ of refractive power transmission path then
2Will be zero.
For incident angle θ
1Be zero and do not have energy to be converted into the situation of shear wave energy, be described as at the reflection coefficient of seawater-air interface:
Reflected energy in seawater-air interface is R
2 Pp, or near 1, this makes that the sea is the sound energy reflection device of an approximate ideal.After seabed or interested target were returned, this energy returned towing cable by sea surface reflection once more.Because typical nautical receiving set has omnidirectional response, so hydrophone array also write down the ghost image response, and this ghost image response is from sea surface reflection and time-delay is that arrive and earthquake sound small echo polarity reversal.This ghost image is the earthquake sound wave of propagating downwards, and this earthquake sound wave has the seismic image that decreases record when on the waveform that adds hope to.The reflection that this ghost image causes also can be extended to seabed or other strong reflection things, and upwards returns the reflection wave that disturbs expectation once more and further reduce picture quality.These reflections are commonly called multiple reflection.
For the pressure wave of vertical transmission, this ghost image at nautical receiving set at f
NotchProduce a trap in the frequency spectrum of=c/2d place response, wherein c is the velocity of sound, and d is the towing cable degree of depth.By convention, earthquake towed cable is pulled 10 meters or the more shallow degree of depth.At 10 meters degree of depth, trap frequency (f
Notch) be 75Hz.For high earthquake image resolution ratio, frequency response must expand to outside the 100Hz.Because trap frequency is inversely proportional to the towing degree of depth, therefore, towing cable is pulled in the more shallow degree of depth to improve the resolution of seismic image usually.Because the noise from the sea has formed interference to the seismic signal of expecting, therefore towing is problematic in shallow water.These influences worsen with breakup, cause staff's interrupt operation sometimes, improve up to weather.The influence of eliminating ghost image-trap makes it possible to pulling away from the darker degree of depth of surface disturbance.
Seismic sensor is being placed in the undersea system of sea bed, is suppressing ghost image and multiple reflection through technique known (like the p-z summation).In sound wave, pressure p is a scalar, and particle rapidity u is a vector.Nautical receiving set writes down earthquake sound wave pressure p with positive omnidirectional response.The seismoreceiver of vertical orientation or accelerometer adopt just responding and the Negative Acknowledgment of downward signal is write down earthquake sound wave-particle speed u signal upwards
zVertical component.In the p-z summation, rate signal was weighed by the acoustic impedance ρ c of seawater before it adds pressure signal to.Also need adjust universal single-axis sensors with to being responsible for by the change that arrives caused particle-motion sensor sensitivity from axle of any reception signal.If the use accelerometer, can be integrated its output signal to obtain rate signal, maybe can distinguish the nautical receiving set signal, so since, can be better and accelerometer on spectrum, mate.This can produce a kind of total regression with propagation wave on the subtend and to the faint at least in part response of downward propagation wave to suppress the combination sensor of ghost image and multiple reflection.In the U.S. Patent number by people such as Monk invention is 6539308 patent, a kind of single Signal Regulation and signal integration method of removing the ghost image vestige that realize described.Fig. 2 is two dimension (2D) expression of the response of particle-speed pickup.Fig. 3 is that the response of all directional hydrophone is represented with the 2D of the response addition of vertical particle-motion sensor.Through imagining complete three-dimensional response around these 2D responses of its Z-axis rotation.
At present, the technology of in the pull-type towing cable collection, using similar p-z summation has caused everybody interest to allow not receive in the darker degree of depth towing interference of ghost image-trap reflection.Because it is big by the acceleration that the expectation seismic reflection causes that this towing cable receives the acceleration ratio that is caused by towing or sea effect, therefore operate the particle motion sensor existing problems in the earthquake towed cable.In addition, the reflex response of these unnecessary acceleration and expectation is arranged in the identical spectra band.Run into wave when pulling the naval vessel, naval vessel speed receives little disturbance.Typically, this naval vessel also runs into yawing rotation.Fig. 4 has described to impose on through velocity variations 32 and yawing rotation 34 energy of towing cable 24.Fig. 5 is a side view of describing to cause the energy of acceleration and shear wave in the towing cable 24.(for purposes of illustration, in Fig. 5, exaggerated the influence of energy to towing cable.) through elastic stretching parts 36 (typically, in the sensor array front) most of energy of having decayed.Though this energy has been decayed widely, but still a remaining part.The acceleration a that the plane pressure wave that is produced by the expectation seismic reflection causes is provided by following formula:
P=sound wave sound pressure level wherein, f is a frequency, and Z is an acoustic impedance.The performance of particle rapidity measuring system should be near the outside noise limit.Typically, the geological data customer requirements is lower than 3 microbars from the outside noise of towing cable hydrophone system.Because the acoustic impedance of seawater is 1.5MPa.s/m, so the 3 microbar pressure waves of 4Hz produce the particle acceleration of about 0.5 μ g.Fig. 6 has showed the mechanical model of the frequency response of the typical cable axial acceleration in the middle of the towing cable.In some cases, exist a secondary wave crest to show that the cable dynamic motion can be greater than seismic signal to be measured is arranged at 4Hz than low 1.5 orders of magnitude of main crest.
The U.S. Patent number 7,167,413 of authorizing Rouquette uses accelerometer to suppress ghost image-trap effect in earthquake towed cable.Rouquette service property (quality)-spring system reduce cable power to the influence of accelerometer and load cell system to measure and to suppress the cable movement induced noise on this accelerometer.The Rouquette system relies on well-known complicated machinery relation, and this relation can not be consistent with manufacturing tolerance, aging and environmental aspect.Rouquette uses the signal Processing adaptive algorithm to derive load cell and quality-spring system and the relationship with acceleration Rouquette that acts on the accelerometer of original place has described a kind of complicated mechanical electronic system.
By the U.S. Patent number of people such as Tenghamn invention is 7,239,577 to have described a kind of equipment and method of using the sound wave particle velocity sensor to suppress the ghost image trap.People such as Tenghamn have taught the use of fluid damping, gimbal stationary seismoreceiver.Well-known in the art is to select the fluid of this seismoreceiver of encapsulation that the damping that is suspended on the sensor on its balancing stand is provided.Yet this area is well-known and what do not describe at philtrums such as Tenghamn is that quality-spring vibration isolation system can reduce the influence of cable machinery motion to the earthquake geophone response.By the motion of the kinetic seismoreceiver of cable machinery and the sound wave particle movement in the seismoreceiver response is undistinguishable.The seismic event particle movement of expectation is covered by the motion of people's such as Tenghamn cable machinery.This technology also produces the response of similar cardioid among Fig. 3, wherein, still has to excite the signal of not expecting that causes from this plane and by the towing cable along this streamer axis here.
A kind of combination load sensor has been described and particle motion sensor solves the method for mechanical motion to the influence of particle motion sensor by the U.S. Patent number 7,359,283 of people such as Vaage invention.In the method, do not use the response of the particle motion sensor of a certain frequency f below 0, and just estimate from pressure transducer response and known pressure sensor depth.The frequency of these inhibition is that the mechanical motion of towing cable is desired.On lower frequency-of-interest, estimate that response has poor signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio).This inhibition below a certain frequency is not optimum, because it has also suppressed the useful signal in the important low-frequency range, in this low-frequency range, possibly have degree of depth target data.
Although these patents have all been described the method that suppresses the ghost image trap in the earthquake towed cable, not expounding the towing cable rope adequately influences the The noise of particle-motion sensor or nautical receiving set measurement with other.All these patents also lack the induction sound wave composition that generates high-fidelity, has the good signal-to noise ratio that is low to moderate interested low-limit frequency.
General introduction
These shortcomings can be overcome by the underwater seismic system that embodies characteristics of the present invention.This type systematic comprises one first motion sensor and one second motion sensor; This first motion sensor can be used for underwater platform and have one first response, and this second motion sensor is arranged near this first motion sensor and has one second response.The amplitude of these first and second responses is approximate for platform motion, and is then different to the sound wave particle movement.
A version comprises one first motion sensor and one second motion sensor; This first motion sensor has one first acoustic impedance to generate the first sensor signal of representing platform motion and sound wave, and this second motion sensor is arranged near first motion sensor and has a second sound impedance to produce second sensor signal of the expression platform motion and the particle movement of the decay of representing to be caused by sound wave.Be used to make up the noise that the device of this first sensor signal and this second sensor signal has been decayed and caused by platform motion, and generate response the particle movement that causes by sound wave.
Another version comprises that one first motion sensor and one are arranged near second motion sensor this first motion sensor.The configuration acoustic hood comes second motion sensor that only shields from the sound wave particle movement.
Brief Description Of Drawings
Through can better understanding these aspects of the present invention and characteristic, wherein with reference to following description, accompanying claims and accompanying drawing:
Fig. 1 is the side view of typical seismic prospecting operation, has showed that one under the hawser arranged nautical receiving set and described to arrive the reflection seismic energy that pulls the array acceptance point behind the survey vessel;
Fig. 2 is the X-Y scheme of particle velocity sensor response;
Fig. 3 is all directional hydrophone response and the X-Y scheme of the response addition of vertical particle-speed pickup;
Fig. 4 is the vertical view like the exploration of the typical case among Fig. 1, has described towed speed fluctuation and driftage;
Fig. 5 is the side view like the exploration among Fig. 4, has described the exaggerative effect of pro forma towed speed fluctuation of towing cable and driftage;
Fig. 6 is the figure like the typical acceleration of towing cable in the exploration among Fig. 1;
Fig. 7 is the block diagram that embodies the underwater seismic system trade edition of characteristic of the present invention, comprises two motion sensors with different acoustic responses;
Fig. 8 is like the frequency domain block diagram of the motion sensor among Fig. 7 to the acoustic component response of incident sound energy;
Fig. 9 is like the frequency domain block diagram of the motion sensor among Fig. 7 to the platform motion component response of incident sound energy;
Figure 10 is the time-domain diagram like the output of the motion sensor among Fig. 7, and this output is the response to platform motion harmony (pressure) ripple;
Figure 11 is the time-domain diagram like the output of the motion sensor among Fig. 7, and this output is only to the response of platform motion;
Figure 12 is the difference between Figure 10 and Figure 11 output, and sound (pressure) the ripple signal of platform motion is removed in expression;
Figure 13 is a version like the seismic system among Fig. 7, and wherein this motion sensor is encapsulated in the different structure, and this provides different acoustic impedances;
Figure 14 A and 14B are the cut-open views like another seismic system among Fig. 7, and this system has a plurality of rotational symmetry and is arranged in the motion sensor in the towing cable;
Figure 15 is another version like seismic system among Fig. 7, and wherein each motion sensor has a different sound cross section so that different acoustic responses to be provided;
Figure 16 has more another version of the seismic system of Figure 15 of high-gain;
Figure 17 is the side view like the seismic system among Fig. 7, and this system is installed in rotatably from towing cable hangs the cable positioning flight device that gets off; And
Figure 18 is the side view like the seismic system among Fig. 7, this system be installed in streamer section between be connected in the straight cable positioning flight device.
Specify
Fig. 7 is the block diagram that embodies underwater seismic system 19 trade editions of characteristic of the present invention; This system comprises the technology of using motion sensor or sensor module; The signal that sound wave is caused has different responses; And motion has similar response, the signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) of the data that obtain to rise to seismic imaging to platform (for example, towing cable, cable or autonomous node, motion).In Fig. 7, two 40,41 and pressure transducers 42 of motion sensor (being generally nautical receiving set) provide signal, these signals are made up the signal that reduces and go ghost image with generted noise.One group of pressure transducer can be used for the occasion of single-sensor, for example, reduces the noise that is caused by the pressure wave of propagating along this streamer axis.Ideally, this motion sensor is to the direct current sensitivity and can decompose this gravity vector, otherwise, need an extra orientation sensor.This first motion sensor 40 has the response to sound wave, and this responds ideally but not necessarily equates with the response of seawater; If require higher gain, its response can be brought up to the response above seawater.Second motion sensor 14 has the response to sound wave, and this response is obviously different with the response of first motion sensor 40.Available sensors is implemented in this difference of acoustic response in the difference aspect material composition or the geometric configuration.In all versions of native system, select the material and the geometric properties of two sensors, thereby make their mechanical response couplings platform motion.For example, if each motion sensor is designed to carry out alternately with mode identical with second order quality-spring system and cable, then make sensor quality (comprise additional mass, if any) and their spring constants of being associated equate.First and second outputs of first and second motion sensors 40,41 44,45 subtract each other 46, or local or after teleprocessing, with the response signal 48 that generted noise reduces, and the particle movement that this signal indication is caused by the sound wave of the platform motion that decayed.Subtraction block 46 has constituted a device that is used to make up the first sensor signal and second sensor signal.If the phase place of the signal of one of sensor is opposite, the device that then is used to make up the first sensor signal and second sensor signal will replace realizing with adder block.Regulate response that 50 noises reduce with matching pressure sensor response 52, nautical receiving set signal for example, and be used for p-z summing unit 54 and generate the same final output signal 56 that has suppressed ghost image trap and multiple reflection.Algorithm this locality that the device of the combination first sensor signal and second sensor signal and p-z summing unit can pass through in mimic channel, DLC(digital logic circuit) or the microprocessor is realized or is realized by computing machine on the ship or off-line data processing remote.
Fig. 8 is the frequency domain block diagram of two motion sensors 40,41 among Fig. 7, represented their transport functions to the acoustic component 58 of projectile energy.This acoustic component comprises interested seismic signal.First sensor 40 has different sound wave transfer function H with second sensor 41
1(s) and H
2(s).Transfer function H
1(s) responsive to the sound wave particle movement, so first sensor 40 generates the output response O that represents particle movement
1(s).Transfer function H
2(s) insensitive to the sound wave particle movement, therefore second sensor 41 generates the output response O that does not comprise the motion of acoustic medium particle on every side
2(s).Fig. 9 is the frequency domain block diagram of two motion sensors 40,41 of Fig. 7, representes their transport functions to the platform motion component 59 of projectile energy.As far as platform motion, the transfer function H of two motion sensors 40,41
3(s) and H
4(s) proportional on amplitude (or equating), but maybe be opposite on phase place.Therefore, 40,41 pairs of platform motions of two sensors all have similar output response O
3(s) and O
4(s).The composite transfer function of 40,41 pairs of projectile energies of first and first motion sensor is H to first sensor
1(s) and H
3(s) combination and be H to second sensor
2(s) and H
4(s) combination.The complex response of two sensors is O to first motion sensor
1(s) and O
3(s) combination and be O to second motion sensor
2(s) and O
4(s) combination.Figure 10 is the case representation of the time domain response of 40 pairs of projectile energies of first sensor, and this projectile energy comprises platform motion and sound wave.The two is all responsive for 44 pairs of platform noises of the response of first sensor and sound wave.Figure 11 is the respective response of 41 pairs of identical projectile energies of second sensor.45 platform noise components to projectile energy of second sensor's response are responsive.Figure 12 has drawn the result who makes up two sensor's response, and this combination deducts the output 45 of second sensor to generate the acoustic signals 48 that deducts noise Fig. 7 through the output 44 from first sensor.In order to simplify description,, pressure wave had small response perhaps or even Negative Acknowledgment although second sensor is regarded as zero to the response of pressure wave.In addition, the output of first and second sensors possibly and not exclusively mated with the towing cable vibrations.But even in these cases, signal subtraction still causes having the acoustic response of the platform motion response of big high attenuation, and this platform motion response can be regulated in proportion and be combined with the nautical receiving set data through the p-z summation.
The different particular versions of the general-purpose system of representing in Fig. 7-9 block diagram use the acoustic impedance of different stage to obtain the expectation difference to the little wave response of sound.As stated, two motion sensors 40,41 and pressure transducer 42 is installed in the platform, on the platform or be installed to platform.For example, can it be enclosed in the underwater towing line or be installed in the cable positioning flight device that is attached on the towing cable.For example, isolate each other on these motion sensor acoustics, but the position is close and be divided into distinct area by dispenser.First motion sensor is enclosed in a first area with surface, and this surperficial acoustic impedance is approximate with the acoustic impedance of seawater on every side, thereby makes sound wave to penetrate this surface with the reflection of minimum and act on sensor.Second motion sensor is located in the housing of a sound insulation in the second area, and not influenced by incident acoustic wave.Towing cable under the pulling force itself has the faint and unsettled response to sound wave.Towing cable itself is registered as platform motion to any response of sound wave.Therefore, first sensor has the proportional response to sound wave; And second sensor has minimum response.In addition; Proofread and correct this sensor module with the response of coupling, for example to platform motion (for example, the towing cable vibrations); If showing as second order quality-spring system can the quality through making them (comprise additional mass, equate with corresponding spring constant if any).From the first sensor signal deduct (or Local or Remote handle after) second sensor signal with big high attenuation towing cable-motion response generate the acoustic signals of expecting.
Figure 13 shows a particular version of the seismic system of Fig. 7-9, has by two motion sensors 60,61 of isolating on center dispenser 64 acoustics, and a pressure transducer 62.First motion sensor 60 is included in the first area 66 of towing cable on the surface 68 that has rigidity, entrant sound.For example, the perforation that the surface is 68 flexible by, the crusts of entrant sound 70 cover, rigid housing.The inside of first area 66 has been full of liquid.Ideally, this crust and liquid all have the acoustic impedance that equates with seawater on every side.First test mass 72 is suspended in the liquid, and this quality has one ideally but the acoustic response that not necessarily equates with the acoustic response of liquid; If require higher gain, its response can be brought up to the response above seawater.This first test mass 72 is connected to the surface of towing cable by means of displacement, speed or acceleration transducer as motion sensor.The surface that this first sensor 60 uses towing cables is as reference standard, and serves as the spring of dynamically be coupled this test mass and towing cable.For example, this first sensor can be monocrystal or PZT bool.If this sensor is a single-axis sensors, then many test masss system can be used to form a three-axis sensor, thus wherein to all test masss calibrate coupling sound and dynamic response the two.The replacement scheme that multiaxis is measured is: as long as this mass sensor response can keep independent, measure for multiaxis a plurality of sensors are connected to same test mass.In the assembly of the second area 67 on 66 isolator opposites, first area, second sensor 61 is connected with second test mass 73.The assembly of second sensor is different with the assembly of first sensor, because its surface of shell 69 has an acoustic impedance much larger than the acoustic impedance of cycle seawater, and its inside 67 has been full of air so that any elasticity of can not ignore in the surface of shell 69 is described.The hardness of second sensor housing has increased the influence of the acoustic impedance of its enhancing, and this allows this housing to serve as a blimp, is analogous to faraday (Faraday) cage in the electromagnetics.The acoustic impedance of second surface of shell 69 is set with the material with high density suitably or velocity of sound.
Another version that embodies seismic system of the present invention has 80,81 and pressure transducers 82 of two groups of motion sensors shown in Figure 14 A and 14B.In this version, first group of sensor 80 and second group of sensor 81 are connected to the single rigid body 84 of carrying the towing cable vibrations.This rigid body has a large diameter first 86, a second portion 87 and the transition section that is connected first and second parts 88 than minor diameter.Smaller diameter portion 87 is the tubulose bodies that have an inboard 83 and an outside 85.First group of sensor 80 be round the part of the second portion 87 of rigid body 84, and be connected to its outside 85.Available three or more a plurality of independent sensor constitute this first group 80.If do not adopt rotational symmetry, this first group of sensor 80 but be positioned at the next door of this rigid body then.The entrant sound surface 90 that is made up of the flexible membrane on the stiff case that covers perforation separates this sensing system and seawater on every side.First cavity 92 between the second portion 87 of this rigid body 84 and the surface 90 has been full of liquid.Ideally, surface 90 has the acoustic impedance that equates with the acoustic impedance of seawater on every side with liquid.Have with Figure 13 in first test mass 94 of the identical acoustic characteristic of first test mass be suspended in first cavity 92, and round the second portion 87 of rigid body 84.This first test mass 94 is mechanically connected to the outside 85 of this rigid body 84 through first group of motion sensor 80; This first group of motion sensor have with Figure 13 version in the identical characteristic of first sensor 60, but rigid body 84 is as its reference standard.Second cavity 93 is completely contained in the tubulose second portion 87 of rigid body 84.This second cavity 93 comprises second test mass 95 that floats on a liquid, and second group of motion sensor 81 of the inboard 83 through being connected to this rigid body is connected to rigid body 84.Proofread and correct the dynamic response of second group of sensor 81, towing cable is shaken response with the response of mating first group 80.Yet, be different from first test mass 94, the acoustic response of second test mass 95 is not required.Rigid body 84 self is used the acoustic hood of the second group of sensor 81 of opposing, and is made up of the material with high relatively acoustic impedance.To be a plurality of independently sensors respond to the acceleration of each test mass the usefulness of arranged in co-axial alignment.The output signal that makes up this motion sensor obtains more steadily and surely estimating of actual acceleration value.With describe the same, 80,81 pairs of first group and second group of sensors be motion sensitive radially; Three susceptibility if desired, then each and this streamer axis cavity in line can comprise an additional test-quality-sensing system.
Figure 15 shows another version of seismic system.Have towing cable rigidity, entrant sound surface 98 have two motion sensors 100,101 (such as, to direct current accelerometers responsive, three) and pressure transducer 102 (such as, nautical receiving set).For example, this surface 98 can comprise a perforation, rigid housing, this housing is flexible by one, the crust of entrant sound covers.Can realize this accelerometer through Micro Electro Mechanical System (MEMS), PZT, monocrystal or any other technology with similar effectiveness.Motion sensor 100,101 is installed to first and second stiff cases 104,105 securely can directly measure any dynamic towing cable motion.Two sensors all are connected to this cable surface 98 on the acoustics, but for example through isolating each other on center dispenser 106 acoustics.Each of first and second housings 104,105 will be configured to the quality that the quality that makes the housing of winning adds its encirclement and equal the quality that second housing adds its encirclement.Therefore dynamic linker 106 between design housing and the towing cable surface 98, has kept the quality that equates-spring relation as the second order quality-spring system with identical springs coefficient.On the other hand, these housings have different sound cross sections, and therefore, they generate different responses to the acoustic pressure Reeb.Particularly, first sensor 100 generates a first sensor signal 108 of expression sound particle movement well; Second sensor 101 generates one to insensitive basically second sensor signal 109 of sound wave.Using the different geometric body also possibly be thereby that material different structure sensor housing is to produce different cross sections and to be each sensor generation different transmission function.Local or after teleprocessing, deduct second sensor signal 109 so that the pressure wave signal of expectation to be provided from first sensor signal 108, this signal to towing cable motion have big high attenuation response.For example, available open-cell foamed plastics is as the dynamic linker 106 between each housing 104,105 and the surface 98.Be corrected the coupling liquid of the acoustic impedance of seawater on every side thereby be full of, this polyfoam can also be as the entrant sound connector.In this example, consider liquid and be full of air, thereby this first housing 104 is sealed any very important elasticity in the explanation housing; And, to 105 perforation of second housing or fluting, and allow it to be full of with liquid on every side.Comprehensive differences between the housing in the global density is explained their difference responses to the incident pressure ripple.
Figure 16 shows the revision of seismic system of Figure 15 of the full gain that is intended to improve system.On these first sensor 110 acoustics with dynamically show as with Figure 15 in first sensor 100 identical.This second sensor 111 generates a response and a towing cable motion response to pressure wave, and this is to the response of pressure wave and the responses match of first sensor 110, and this towing cable motion response equates on amplitude with this first sensor, and on phase place on the contrary.With the same first housing 114 and second housing 115 of making up among Figure 15, particularly aspect sound cross section and density, therefore, they have similar quality-spring response to cable movement, but the incident sound pressure Reeb is had a visibly different response.In addition, this second housing 115 comprises a test mass 116, and this test mass is designed in liquid, swing and have the acoustic response of the response of coupling first housing 114.On the other hand, test mass is to the response of the towing cable motion response much smaller than housing, and this is that housing is mechanically connected to cable surface because test mass floats on a liquid.Test mass 116 relies on and uses second housing to be connected to second housing 115 as displacement, motion or the acceleration transducer 111 of reference standard insecurely.In this example, use the cantilevered accelerometer formed by piezoelectric as motion sensor.A plurality of accelerometers can be used for constituting a three-axis sensor, mate the acoustic response of first housing 114 at its each axis thereby wherein each test mass is proofreaied and correct.Therefore, can forward ground (being homophase) detecting is applied on this test mass 116 rather than the pressure wave of the motion on second housing 115.Therefore, the pressure signal from the first sensor 110 and second sensor 111 matees on amplitude and symbol.On the contrary, negative sense ground (that is anti-phase) detection influences the towing cable vibrations of second housing 115 rather than test mass 116.Therefore, mate on amplitude from the vibration signal of sensor, but have opposite symbol.In this case, through addition 118, rather than subtraction, combination from the signal of two sensors 110,111 with generate big high attenuation towing cable motion response and the gain that improves acoustic response simultaneously.Alternatively, can use another hook wall testing quality in first housing 114.But because the polarity of first sensor signal will be put upside down equally, it is combined therefore must to pass through subtraction rather than addition and this second sensor signal.
As shown in Figure 17, the Sensor section of seismic system 19 can be installed in the towing cable cable 120 or through collar 124 be rotatably connected to towing cable the cable positioning equipment (such as, cable compensation or cable management aircraft 122) in.As shown in Figure 18, the cable positioning equipment 126 in head and the tail streamer section 128, straight line connection between 129 can be placed in the Sensor section of seismic system 19.Significantly, these sensors can be installed in other equipment, and these equipment can be attached to towing cable, subsea cable or autonomous intra-node, top or be attached to these equipment.
Have to direct current with to being suitable for a plurality of embodiment of the present invention by the similar triaxial accelerometer that responds of the VectorSeis sensor of Houston, Texas, United States ION Geophysical manufactured.Because do not have DC component in the earthquake small echo, therefore, the dc response of this motion sensor is used for the orientation of detecting sensor relative gravity.The known direction of design streamer axis is an axis of sensor.Because the known and gravity vector of this streamer axis direction is through measurement; Therefore the direction of sensor and thereby the little wave line of propagation of sensing earthquake that arrives can rotate electronically by relative gravity; Thereby make, can accept earthquake small echo upwards and refuse downward earthquake small echo.
Can use any sensor that detects motion.This sensor can be any motion sensor to position, speed or acceleration responsive.For example; As being 7 at U.S. Patent number by people such as Tenghamn invention; Universal first seismoreceiver described in 239,577 the patent can and encapsulate with second seismometer array, thereby makes it have very little response or not response to any sound wave; And towing cable motion had identical response, to realize the result of expectation.As long as have the appropriate sensor performance, can use piezoelectric accelerometer.
If sensor is not sure of himself direction, sensing system can comprise independent alignment sensor.Alternately, mechanical hook-up (such as balanced system) can be used for sensor is fixed on known orientation.Be attached to the orientation that the flight equipment (being called as aircraft sometimes) on the towing cable can also be used to force sensor is moved to expectation.
The present invention does not also mean that restriction is used for the pull-type marine streamer.Said technology also can be used for other platforms, such as subsea cable and autonomous node system.In addition, said sensing system can be used for collecting individually geological data; Perhaps, they can bundle and use jointly, and the data that make up them reduce the influence of local flow pattern.
Claims
Claims (53)
1. underwater seismic system comprises:
First motion sensor that can be used on the underwater platform and have one first response;
Near second motion sensor that is arranged in this first motion sensor and has one second response;
Wherein, this first and second response is approximate for platform motion, and is then different for sound wave.
2. underwater seismic as claimed in claim 1 system further comprises a dispenser that is arranged between this first and second motion sensor.
3. underwater seismic as claimed in claim 1 system comprises:
The interior first area of housing that is enclosed in first rigidity, perforation, this housing is covered by the crust of an entrant sound, and wherein this first motion sensor resides in this first area with first acoustic impedance; And
A second area that is enclosed in second stiff case with second sound impedance, wherein this second motion sensor resides in this second area.
4. underwater seismic as claimed in claim 3 system further comprises the liquid of filling this first area and having the acoustic impedance identical with seawater, and the air of filling this second area.
5. underwater seismic as claimed in claim 3 system, wherein this second stiff case is processed by high density material.
6. underwater seismic as claimed in claim 1 system further comprises:
A rigid body that is connected on this underwater platform and experiences platform motion;
Be connected to a plurality of first motion sensors on this rigid body and be connected to a plurality of second motion sensors on this rigid body.
7. underwater seismic as claimed in claim 6 system; Wherein this rigid body has a tubular form that has inboard and the outside; And wherein these a plurality of first motion sensors are connected on this outside, and these a plurality of second motion sensors are connected on this inboard.
8. underwater seismic as claimed in claim 6 system comprises:
One first test mass and one second test mass;
Wherein this rigid body has tubular form, and this shape is divided into a perimeter and an interior zone that receives this second test mass that receives this first test mass with this seismic system; And
Wherein these a plurality of first motion sensors are connected to this first test mass on this rigid body, and these a plurality of second motion sensors are connected to this second test mass on this rigid body.
9. underwater seismic as claimed in claim 6 system comprises:
First test mass around this rigid body;
One by circumjacent second test mass of this rigid body;
Wherein these a plurality of first motion sensors are connected to this first test mass on this rigid body, and these a plurality of second motion sensors are connected to this second test mass on this rigid body.
10. underwater seismic as claimed in claim 9 system, wherein this first test mass, this rigid body and this second test mass arranged in co-axial alignment.
11. underwater seismic as claimed in claim 9 system, wherein this rigid body is processed by the material with acoustic impedance, so as from incident acoustic wave these a plurality of second motion sensors of shielding.
12. underwater seismic as claimed in claim 1 system further comprises:
First rigid body that is connected to securely on this first motion sensor;
Second rigid body that is connected to securely on this second motion sensor;
A dispenser that is arranged between this first and second stiff case, thus on acoustics, this first and second motion sensor is isolated in first and second zones that separate;
Wherein this first and second housing has different sound cross sections to incident acoustic wave.
13. underwater seismic as claimed in claim 12 system comprises:
Surface around these first and second zones;
One this first stiff case and should the surface between first connector; And
One this second stiff case and should the surface between second connector.
14. underwater seismic as claimed in claim 13 system, wherein this first and second connector comprises a kind of open cell foam material.
15. underwater seismic as claimed in claim 14 system further comprises a kind of liquid of filling this open-cell foamed plastics, and wherein this is filled with acoustic impedance and the acoustic impedance coupling of seawater of the open-cell foamed plastics of liquid.
16. underwater seismic as claimed in claim 1 system further comprises:
First rigid body that is connected to securely on this first motion sensor;
Second stiff case that is used for this second motion sensor;
One is positioned at this second stiff case inside and is connected to the test mass on this second stiff case through this second motion sensor insecurely;
Wherein this first and second motion sensor in phase responds to sound wave and anti-phase ground responds to platform motion.
17. underwater seismic as claimed in claim 1 system; Wherein this first motion sensor generates a first sensor signal and this second motion sensor generates one second sensor signal, thereby this underwater seismic system further comprises and is used to make up the noise that this first sensor signal and the decay of this second sensor signal cause by platform motion and generates the device to the response of sound wave.
18. underwater seismic as claimed in claim 17 system, wherein this device that is used for making up this first sensor signal and this second sensor signal deducts this second sensor signal from this first sensor signal.
19. underwater seismic as claimed in claim 1 system comprises that further response combination that the nautical receiving set of a transmission nautical receiving set signal, this nautical receiving set signal remain to be reduced with this noise is to eliminate multiple reflection or the response of decay ghost image.
20. underwater seismic as claimed in claim 19 system, wherein this nautical receiving set and this first and second motion sensors close.
21. underwater seismic as claimed in claim 1 system, further comprise the nautical receiving set of a generation nautical receiving set signal and be used to make up response that noise reduces and this nautical receiving set signal to produce the p-z summing unit of a seismic response signal.
22. underwater seismic as claimed in claim 1 system, wherein this first motion sensor has one first impedance and this second motion sensor has a second sound impedance, and wherein this first acoustic impedance equates with the acoustic impedance of seawater.
23. underwater seismic as claimed in claim 1 system comprises a sensor cable as underwater platform, wherein a plurality of first and second motion sensors are disposed in the spaced position place along this sensor cable.
24. underwater seismic as claimed in claim 1 system comprises a cable positioning equipment as underwater platform, wherein this first and second motion sensor is installed in this cable positioning equipment.
25. a underwater seismic system comprises:
One first motion sensor, this first motion sensor can be used on the underwater platform and have one first acoustic impedance with the platform motion that generates expression and caused by sound wave and the first sensor signal of particle movement;
One second motion sensor, this second motion sensor are arranged near this first motion sensor and have a second sound impedance to generate second sensor signal of the expression platform motion and the particle movement of the decay of representing to be caused by sound wave;
Thereby be used to make up the noise that the decay of this first sensor signal and this second sensor signal causes by platform motion and generate device the response of the particle movement that causes by sound wave.
26. underwater seismic as claimed in claim 25 system further comprises a dispenser that is arranged between this first and second motion sensor.
27. underwater seismic as claimed in claim 25 system comprises:
The interior first area of housing that is enclosed in first rigidity, perforation, this housing is covered by the crust of an entrant sound, and wherein this first motion sensor resides in this first area with first acoustic impedance; And
One is enclosed in the second area that has in second sound impedance second stiff case, and wherein this second motion sensor resides in this second area.
28. underwater seismic as claimed in claim 27 system further comprises the liquid of filling this first area and having the acoustic impedance identical with seawater, and the air of filling this second area.
29. underwater seismic as claimed in claim 27 system, wherein this second stiff case is processed by high density material.
30. underwater seismic as claimed in claim 25 system further comprises:
A rigid body that is connected on this underwater platform and experiences platform motion;
Be connected to a plurality of first motion sensors on this rigid body and be connected to a plurality of second motion sensors on this rigid body.
31. underwater seismic as claimed in claim 30 system; Wherein this rigid body has a tubular form that has inboard and the outside; And wherein these a plurality of first motion sensors are connected on this outside, and these a plurality of second motion sensors are connected on this inboard.
32. underwater seismic as claimed in claim 30 system comprises:
One first test mass and one second test mass;
Wherein this rigid body has tubular form, and this shape is divided into a perimeter and an interior zone that receives this second test mass that receives this first test mass with this seismic system; And
Wherein these a plurality of first motion sensors are connected to this first test mass on this rigid body, and these a plurality of second motion sensors are connected to this second test mass on this rigid body.
33. underwater seismic as claimed in claim 30 system comprises:
First test mass around this rigid body;
One by circumjacent second test mass of this rigid body;
Wherein these a plurality of first motion sensors are connected to this first test mass on this rigid body, and these a plurality of second motion sensors are connected to this second test mass on this rigid body.
34. underwater seismic as claimed in claim 33 system, wherein this first test mass, this rigid body and this second test mass arranged in co-axial alignment.
35. underwater seismic as claimed in claim 33 system, wherein this rigid body is processed by the material with acoustic impedance, so as from incident acoustic wave these a plurality of second motion sensors of shielding.
36. underwater seismic as claimed in claim 25 system comprises:
First rigid body that is connected to securely on this first motion sensor;
Second rigid body that is connected to securely on this second motion sensor;
A dispenser that is arranged between this first and second stiff case, thus on acoustics, this first and second motion sensor is isolated in first and second zones that separate;
Wherein this first and second housing has different sound cross sections to incident acoustic wave.
37. underwater seismic as claimed in claim 36 system comprises:
A surface that surrounds these first and second zones;
One this first stiff case and should the surface between first connector; And
One this second stiff case and should the surface between second connector.
38. underwater seismic as claimed in claim 37 system, wherein this first and second connector comprises a kind of open cell foam material.
39. underwater seismic as claimed in claim 38 system further comprises a kind of liquid of filling this open-cell foamed plastics, and wherein this is filled with acoustic impedance and the acoustic impedance coupling of seawater of the open-cell foamed plastics of liquid.
40. underwater seismic as claimed in claim 25 system further comprises:
First rigid body that is connected to securely on this first motion sensor;
Second stiff case that is used for this second motion sensor;
One is positioned at this second stiff case inside and is connected to the test mass on this second stiff case through this second motion sensor insecurely;
Wherein this first and second motion sensor in phase responds to sound wave and anti-phase ground responds to platform motion.
41. underwater seismic as claimed in claim 25 system comprises that further response combination that the nautical receiving set of a transmission nautical receiving set signal, this nautical receiving set signal remain to be reduced with this noise is to eliminate multiple reflection or the response of decay ghost image.
42. underwater seismic as claimed in claim 41 system, wherein this nautical receiving set and this first and second motion sensors close.
43. underwater seismic as claimed in claim 25 system, further comprise the nautical receiving set of a generation nautical receiving set signal and be used to make up response that noise reduces and this nautical receiving set signal to produce the p-z summing unit of a seismic response signal.
44. underwater seismic as claimed in claim 25 system, wherein this first acoustic impedance is less than this second sound impedance.
45. underwater seismic as claimed in claim 25 system; Wherein this first motion sensor is arranged in first medium with first density, and wherein this second motion sensor is arranged in second medium with second density bigger than first density.
46. underwater seismic as claimed in claim 25 system, wherein this first acoustic impedance equates with the acoustic impedance of seawater.
47. underwater seismic as claimed in claim 25 system, wherein this device that is used for making up this first sensor signal and this second sensor signal deducts this second sensor signal from this first sensor signal.
48. underwater seismic as claimed in claim 25 system comprises a sensor cable as underwater platform, wherein a plurality of first and second motion sensors are disposed in the spaced position place along this sensor cable.
49. underwater seismic as claimed in claim 25 system comprises a cable positioning equipment as underwater platform, wherein this first and second motion sensor is installed in this cable positioning equipment.
50. a underwater seismic system comprises:
First motion sensor that can be used on the underwater platform;
Near second motion sensor that is arranged in this first motion;
One is arranged to the acoustic hood that from the sound wave particle movement, only shields this second motion sensor.
51. underwater seismic as claimed in claim 50 system, wherein this acoustic hood is one and has outside surface that is connected to this first motion sensor and the rigid body that is connected to the inside surface of this second motion sensor.
52. underwater seismic as claimed in claim 50 system, wherein this acoustic hood be one by having the rigid body that high acoustic impedance materials is processed.
53. underwater seismic as claimed in claim 50 system, wherein this acoustic hood is a tubular form and round this second motion sensor.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US29765610P | 2010-01-22 | 2010-01-22 | |
| US61/297,656 | 2010-01-22 | ||
| PCT/US2011/022059 WO2011091252A2 (en) | 2010-01-22 | 2011-01-21 | Seismic system with ghost and motion rejection |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN102812382A true CN102812382A (en) | 2012-12-05 |
| CN102812382B CN102812382B (en) | 2016-12-14 |
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| CN108474864A (en) * | 2015-10-30 | 2018-08-31 | 离子地球物理学公司 | Ocean floor seismic system |
| US10545254B2 (en) | 2015-10-30 | 2020-01-28 | Ion Geophysical Corporation | Multi-Axis, single mass accelerometer |
| US11561314B2 (en) | 2015-10-30 | 2023-01-24 | TGS-NOPEC Geophysical Corporation | Multi-axis, single mass accelerometer |
| US11204365B2 (en) | 2018-09-13 | 2021-12-21 | Ion Geophysical Corporation | Multi-axis, single mass accelerometer |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US20140328138A1 (en) | 2014-11-06 |
| RU2012134326A (en) | 2014-02-27 |
| CA2787296C (en) | 2018-11-20 |
| US20110182140A1 (en) | 2011-07-28 |
| EP2526444A2 (en) | 2012-11-28 |
| CA2787296A1 (en) | 2011-07-28 |
| DK201270479A (en) | 2012-08-15 |
| EP2526444B1 (en) | 2020-09-09 |
| US9784860B2 (en) | 2017-10-10 |
| WO2011091252A3 (en) | 2012-09-20 |
| US8730766B2 (en) | 2014-05-20 |
| RU2546997C2 (en) | 2015-04-10 |
| WO2011091252A2 (en) | 2011-07-28 |
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