CN102810984B - Switching power circuit - Google Patents
Switching power circuit Download PDFInfo
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- CN102810984B CN102810984B CN201210243125.8A CN201210243125A CN102810984B CN 102810984 B CN102810984 B CN 102810984B CN 201210243125 A CN201210243125 A CN 201210243125A CN 102810984 B CN102810984 B CN 102810984B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a switching power circuit, which comprises a switching tube, a first resistive divider, a second resistive divider, an inductive component, a freewheel diode, a load unit, a load current detection unit, a comparator, a D latch, an analogue-to-digital converter, a digital-to-analogue converter, a pulse width modulation (PWM) operating mode gate driving voltage generation unit, a first amplifier, a PWM comparator, a pulse frequency modulation (PFM) control unit, a first either-or selector, a second either-or selector, a digital logic unit and a gate driving unit. When a PFM control mode is adopted, the voltage of the switching tube is regulated according to a load to reduce power consumption in a light load condition and improve energy transmission efficiency; and in addition, in the light load condition, the gate driving voltage and switching duty cycle of the switching tube are reduced, so that the power consumption is simultaneously reduced, and the shortcoming that output power is regulated only dependent on the duty cycle of the switching tube to narrow the variation range of the duty cycle and further retard the sudden change of the load and cause large output ripples during mode switching is overcome.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to power technique fields, be specifically related to a kind of design of switching power circuit.
Background technology
Switching Power Supply has that volume is little, lightweight, efficiency is high, caloric value is low, steady performance, is widely used in various terminal equipment based on electronic computer and communication apparatus.
Common Switching Power Supply working method has three kinds: PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) pattern, PFM (Pulse Frequency Modulation) pattern and PWM/PFM mixed mode.PWM mode has that noise is low, full load time efficiency high and can continuous conduction mode be operated in, but due to frequency, to fix the switching loss of its control circuit general comparatively large, when underloading, efficiency reduces.PFM pattern along with load lighten its frequency reduce, thus efficiency improve; And do not have the impact of the first amplifier, its fast response time, but output ripple is large; And PWM/PFM mixed mode has the feature of two kinds of control models concurrently, adopt PWM mode when heavy duty, adopt PFM pattern when underloading.But larger ripple can be produced when load changes suddenly and causes two kinds of patterns to switch in a hybrid mode.
As follows for the existing switch power technology be applied in underloading situation:
As shown in Figure 1, do separation and solve: during heavy duty, adopts the output stage that major part is even whole, to improve output current ability and to reduce conducting resistance by concrete employing output stage for the scheme of the synchronous rectifying switching power source circuit of the first PWM control mode; During underloading, adopt less out drive stage, with the switching loss compared with P cock pipe.But the scheme that this output stage is separated, because the output stage area used is large, adds the cost of chip.
The scheme of the switching power circuit of the second PFM control mode as shown in Figure 2, in such a mode along with load lighten its frequency reduce, fast response time, but output ripple is large, and the voltage of driving switch pipe does not change during underloading, limit the further reduction of power consumption.
The scheme of the switching power circuit of the third PFM/PWM control mode as shown in Figure 3, adopts PWM control mode during heavy duty, provides the output of stability and high efficiency; During underloading, PFM control mode is adopted to reduce power consumption.But the voltage that this scheme exists driving switch pipe equally does not change, limit the further reduction of power consumption; Larger ripple can be produced when load changes suddenly and causes pattern to switch simultaneously.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is the problems referred to above existed in underloading situation to solve existing switching power circuit, proposing a kind of switching power circuit.
Technical scheme of the present invention is: a kind of switching power circuit, specifically comprises: switching tube, the first divider resistance, the second divider resistance, inductance element, fly-wheel diode, load unit, load current detection unit, comparator, D-latch, analog to digital converter, digital to analog converter, PWM mode of operation grid driving voltage generation unit, the first amplifier, PWM comparator, PFM control unit, the first alternative selector, the second alternative selector, digital logic unit, grid driver element, wherein
The first end of one termination inductance element of the first divider resistance as the output of described switching power circuit, the negative end of another termination first amplifier of the first divider resistance and the input of PFM control unit are also by the second divider resistance ground connection, first reference voltage of the first amplifier forward termination outside, the forward end of the output termination PWM comparator of the first amplifier, the sawtooth waveforms of the negative sense termination outside of PWM comparator, the first input end of the output termination first alternative selector of PWM comparator; Second input of the output termination first alternative selector of PFM control unit;
The input of described load current detection unit is connected by the output of load unit with described switching power circuit, the positive input of output termination comparator of load current detection unit and the input of analog to digital converter, second reference voltage of the negative sense termination outside of comparator, the output termination D-latch input of comparator, D-latch exports the control end of termination first alternative selector and the control end of the second alternative selector, AfD converter output connects the input of digital to analog converter, DAC digital to analog converter exports the first input end that termination second selects a selector, second input of the output termination second alternative selector of PWM mode of operation grid driving voltage generation unit, first alternative selector exports and connects digital logic unit input, the output of digital logic unit and the output of the second alternative selector are as the input of grid driver element, the output of grid driver element connects switching tube grid, the source electrode of switching tube connects the second end of inductance element, drain electrode connects outer power voltage, the negative pole of fly-wheel diode connects switching tube source electrode, fly-wheel diode plus earth.
Beneficial effect of the present invention: for low power consumption switch power source change device, propose a kind of low-power consumption hybrid PWM/PFM switching power circuit, auto-adjustment control mode can be carried out according to the weight of load, be specially: select PWM control mode during heavy duty, during underloading, select PFM control mode.When it is PFM control mode, can also according to the voltage of load weight adjustment driving switch pipe, power consumption during further reduction underloading, improve the efficiency of Energy Transfer, this is specially adapted to power supply long-term work in situation that is standby or underloading, simultaneously in underloading situation, reduction switching tube grid driving voltage and duty cycle of switching can be adopted to reduce power consumption simultaneously, than the PFM/PWM mixed-control mode in background technology, reduce and rely on separately switching tube duty ratio to adjust power output, this can make its change in duty cycle scope reduce, and then also just slow down the shortcoming that when load changing and pattern switch, output ripple is large, simultaneously than the PWM control mode adopting output stage isolation technique, chip area is less.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the synchronous rectifying switching power source circuit structural representation adopting PWM control mode.
Fig. 2 is the switching power circuit structural representation of existing employing PFM control mode.
Fig. 3 is the switching power circuit structural representation of existing employing PFM/PWM mixed-control mode
Fig. 4 is the switching power circuit structural representation in the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is the comparator circuit structural representation in the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is the adc circuit structural representation in the embodiment of the present invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, the present invention is described further.
Fig. 4 illustrates, the switching power circuit of this example comprises the first divider resistance R1, the second divider resistance R2, inductance component L, sustained diode 1, load unit Load, load current detection unit CS, comparator COM, D-latch, analog to digital converter ADC, digital to analog converter DAC, PWM mode of operation grid driving voltage generation unit VPWM, the first amplifier EA, PWM comparator, PFM control unit, alternative selector S1, S2, digital logic unit Logic, grid driver element Driver.
Concrete annexation is: the first end of a termination inductance component L of the first divider resistance R1 as the output of described switching power circuit, the other end is by the second divider resistance R2 ground connection, partial pressure value Vfb, first reference voltage ref1 of the first amplifier EA forward termination outside, negative sense termination branch pressure voltage Vfb.First amplifier EA exports and connects PWM comparator forward end, negative sense termination sawtooth waveforms, and it exports the one end meeting alternative selector S1.In addition branch pressure voltage Vfb also connects the input of PFM module, and it exports another input meeting alternative selector S1.Load current detection circuit CS meets load Load and holds, and the output of load current detection circuit CS connects comparator COM forward and exports.The input of the output termination D-latch of the second reference voltage ref2 of comparator COM negative sense termination outside, comparator COM, output termination alternative selector S1, S2 control end of D-latch.Load current detection circuit CS output also connects 3 ADC analog to digital converter inputs, and ADC exports and connects digital to analog converter DAC input, and digital to analog converter DAC exports the input meeting alternative selector S2.The output of PWM mode of operation grid driving voltage generation unit VPWM connects another input of alternative selector S2.Alternative selector S1 exports and meets digital logic unit logic; switching tube drive singal is produced together with output UV, OV, OCP, OTP of protection module and enable signal EN; here UV is that Undervoltage lockout module exports; OV is that overvoltage lockout module exports; OCP is that overcurrent protection module exports, and OTP is that overheat protector module exports.Digital logic unit logic is exported and the input being met grid driver module Driver by the output of alternative selector S2, and Driver exports and connects switching tube grid.The source electrode of switching tube connects the second end of inductance component L, and drain electrode connects outer power voltage,
It should be noted that: partial pressure value Vfb size is determined by described Switching Power Supply rated output voltage, in PWM control mode, sawtooth wave frequency determines the operating frequency of switching tube, belongs to the state of the art, be not described in detail at this about this point.
Sustained diode 1 acting as at this: when switching tube is opened, by external power source by switching tube, provides energy to inductance and load; When switching tube turns off, for load, power supply can not provide energy, and energy now just derives from the energy that inductance stores in a upper process, but the release of this energy needs a loop, and sustained diode 1 just provides this loop.
As a kind of preferred version, in order to reduce the ripple of output voltage, described switching power circuit also comprises capacity cell C1, and described capacity cell is coupled between the second end of inductance component L and earth potential.
Switching power circuit of the present invention always has two control loops: one is PFM/PWM control loop, and another is that switching tube grid driving voltage determines loop.PFM/PWM control loop comprises: first and second divider resistance, load current detection unit CS, comparator COM, first amplifier EA, PWM comparator, PFM control unit, determine alternative selector S1, logic control element logic and grid driver element driver that control mode is selected.Switching tube grid driving voltage determines that loop comprises load current detection unit CS, comparator COM, D-latch, switching tube grid driving voltage determining means (comprises PWM mode of operation grid driving voltage generation unit, ADC analog to digital converter, DAC digital to analog converter, determines the alternative selector S2 that driving voltage is selected), logic control element logic and grid driver element driver.
Wherein, ADC analog to digital converter and DAC digital to analog converter constitute PFM mode of operation grid driving voltage generation module, and the first amplifier EA, alternative selector S1, PWM comparator and PFM control unit constitute PWM/PFM control module.
The course of work of switching power circuit of the present invention is as follows: whole circuit first detects load current by load current detection unit CS.Load current detection unit CS has integrating function, the mean value of load current can be gathered, and the current transitions that CS is detected is voltage signal sends into comparator COM, comparator COM compares to the second reference voltage ref2 of this detection signal with the outside of setting, compares and exports and will determine the control model that control model loop adopts and the grid driving voltage that switching tube grid driving voltage loop adopts.When detection signal is higher than ref2, it exports as high, now will adopt PWM control mode and PWM mode of operation grid driving voltage generation unit VPWM.When detection signal is lower than ref2, it exports as low, now will adopt PFM control mode and PFM mode of operation grid driving voltage generation module.Meanwhile, output voltage adopts circuit meeting sampling and outputting voltage, and the voltage of sampling is by feeding first amplifier EA and PFM control unit.If circuit selects PWM control mode, then circuit compares with the first outside reference voltage ref1 according to the sampled voltage being input to the first amplifier EA, produce error voltage and send into the same sawtooth waveforms of PWM comparator and compare, thus produce the square wave of different duty, realization is according to the duty ratio of the change by-pass cock pipe of output voltage and then the predetermined object reaching regulated output voltage, and switching tube grid driving voltage derives from the constant voltage that PWM mode of operation grid driving voltage generation unit produces.If select PFM control mode contrary, circuit adjusts PFM control unit output frequency according to detecting the voltage exported on the one hand; On the other hand according to current detecting unit CS output voltage size, produce switching tube grid driving voltage through ADC module and DAC module, it can adjust the voltage swing of switching tube grid driving according to output load current size.Logic control element logic is sent in the output of alternative selector S1; with the output OTP of the overheat protector module of the logic control element logic be sent to; the output UV of under-voltage protective module; the output OV of overvoltage protective module; the output OCP of overcurrent protection module and the output EN of enable module jointly produces switching tube drive singal and produces the output of loop together with grid driving voltage and sends into grid driver element driver respectively and carry out driving switch pipe, realizes the Energy Transfer of power supply to load.
It should be noted that: ref1 is determined by switching power circuit rated output voltage; Ref2 is determined by the voltage signal that the output current in switching power circuit during control mode transfer point is corresponding; For whole circuit, output voltage controls to keep constant by loop, and output current is then different according to the weight of load and change, switching power circuit function be exactly keep voltage constant while keep output current to change with load variations.
Fig. 5 gives the electrical block diagram of comparator COM in the embodiment of the present invention, and this comparator adopts positive feedback loop to achieve lag function.
As a kind of preferred version, described analog to digital converter is specially 3 analog to digital converters; The 3 position digital signals level that correspondence 8 is different respectively of input, described analog to digital converter converts 3 position digital signals of input to corresponding with it analog signal.
Fig. 6 gives the electrical block diagram of 3 analog to digital converters in the embodiment of the present invention, and circuit adopts divider resistance to carry out dividing potential drop to reference voltage, and each point of pressure side sends into the forward end of corresponding comparator, and analog signal sends into the negative end of each comparator.All comparator output terminals are sent into coding circuit and are encoded, and export 3 position digital signals.
ADC in the present invention is 3 analog to digital converters, by being compared with segmentation criteria voltage by the output voltage of load current detection module, is delimit to export to next stage circuit DAC to the one-level in 8 electric pressures and by transformation result.And DAC is 3 figure place weighted-voltage D/A converters, it is by being converted into corresponding output voltage by the output of upper level ADC.By ADC and DAC module, can be the voltage that switching tube grid drive by the electric current accurate transformation that load unit exports.
Load current detection unit CS detects in real time to the electric current that load unit exports, and the current signal of detection is changed into voltage signal send into comparator compare output.The output of comparator is also connected to a D-latch, its clock frequency is the sawtooth waveforms frequency of PWM comparator input terminal, the output of comparator is gathered at each rising edge clock, and by 2 control mode selecting 1 selector S1, S2 to determine to select in this clock cycle and switching tube grid driving voltages.Each like this cycle decides its control mode by output electric current measure, can be carried out the change of responsive load in time by loop, and prevents mode of operation in the single cycle from selecting frequent variations by D-latch, and then causes the instability of output voltage.
Daily electrical equipment, testing circuit usually has situation about working long hours standby, and for appliances power source, this just means underload.And for switching power circuit, circuit total power consumption is by switching power circuit quiescent dissipation, switching tube conduction loss and switching loss form.For the switching loss of switching tube, the switching loss of other gate circuit can be ignored.The switching loss of switching tube is specially: P
gate=C
gate* V
swing 2* f
sw, wherein, C
gatefor the gate capacitance of switching tube, V
swingfor the switching tube gate voltage amplitude of oscillation, f
swfor switching tube switching frequency.As can be seen from the above equation, V is reduced
swingand f
swall switching loss can be reduced.
Because load current is large during heavy duty, switching tube conduction loss in overall power consumption in the highest flight.And load current is very little during underloading, the switching loss of switching tube in the highest flight.In the PFM of background technology controls, utilize frequency to reduce during underloading and reduce switching loss, but the gate voltage of switching tube does not change.In the present invention, reduce switching frequency in underloading and reduce switching tube grid driving voltage simultaneously, further reduce the power consumption of circuit, improve efficiency, be equivalent to for compact power and extend stand-by time.
Those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that, embodiment described here is to help reader understanding's principle of the present invention, should be understood to that protection scope of the present invention is not limited to so special statement and embodiment.Those of ordinary skill in the art can make various other various concrete distortion and combination of not departing from essence of the present invention according to these technology enlightenment disclosed by the invention, and these distortion and combination are still in protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. a switching power circuit, specifically comprise: switching tube, the first divider resistance, the second divider resistance, inductance element, fly-wheel diode, load unit, load current detection unit, comparator, D-latch, first amplifier, PWM comparator, PFM control unit, first alternative selector, digital logic unit and grid driver element, is characterized in that, also comprise: switching tube grid driving voltage determining means, this determining means is provided with the second alternative selector, analog to digital converter, digital to analog converter and PWM mode of operation grid driving voltage generation unit
Wherein,
The first end of one termination inductance element of the first divider resistance as the output of described switching power circuit, the negative end of another termination first amplifier of the first divider resistance and the input of PFM control unit are also by the second divider resistance ground connection, first reference voltage of the first amplifier forward termination outside, the forward end of the output termination PWM comparator of the first amplifier, the sawtooth waveforms of the negative sense termination outside of PWM comparator, the first input end of the output termination first alternative selector of PWM comparator; Second input of the output termination first alternative selector of PFM control unit;
The input of described load current detection unit is connected by the output of load unit with described switching power circuit, the positive input of output termination comparator of load current detection unit and the input of analog to digital converter, second reference voltage of the negative sense termination outside of comparator, the output termination D-latch input of comparator, D-latch exports the control end of termination first alternative selector and the control end of the second alternative selector, AfD converter output connects the input of digital to analog converter, digital to analog converter exports the first input end of termination second alternative selector, second input of the output termination second alternative selector of PWM mode of operation grid driving voltage generation unit, first alternative selector exports and connects digital logic unit input, the output of digital logic unit and the output of the second alternative selector are as the input of grid driver element, the output of grid driver element connects switching tube grid, the source electrode of switching tube connects the second end of inductance element, drain electrode connects outer power voltage, the negative pole of fly-wheel diode connects switching tube source electrode, fly-wheel diode plus earth.
2. switching power circuit according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described switching power circuit also comprises capacity cell, and described capacity cell is coupled between the second end of inductance element and earth potential.
3. switching power circuit according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that, described analog to digital converter is specially 3 analog to digital converters.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201210243125.8A CN102810984B (en) | 2012-07-13 | 2012-07-13 | Switching power circuit |
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| CN201210243125.8A CN102810984B (en) | 2012-07-13 | 2012-07-13 | Switching power circuit |
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| CN102810984A CN102810984A (en) | 2012-12-05 |
| CN102810984B true CN102810984B (en) | 2015-01-07 |
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| CN108964464B (en) * | 2017-05-19 | 2022-11-29 | 上海芯熠微电子有限公司 | Circuit and method for nondestructive testing of load current at output side of switching power supply |
| CN108539979B (en) * | 2018-05-02 | 2020-11-17 | 成都芯源系统有限公司 | DC converter and voltage DC conversion method |
| CN109600029B (en) * | 2019-01-03 | 2020-12-22 | 深圳市基准半导体有限公司 | Buck DC-DC chip based on self-adaptive conduction time and control method |
| CN110957926A (en) * | 2019-11-22 | 2020-04-03 | 深圳南云微电子有限公司 | Light load detection and frequency reduction control method and circuit |
| CN113162511B (en) * | 2021-04-20 | 2022-08-30 | 江西省万佳通照明科技有限公司 | Broken wall machine integrated circuit |
| CN113252974B (en) * | 2021-07-01 | 2021-11-05 | 钰泰半导体股份有限公司 | Load current detection circuit |
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| JP3511195B2 (en) * | 1997-09-03 | 2004-03-29 | 株式会社ルネサステクノロジ | Voltage conversion circuit |
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