CN102808396B - A kind of method of the husky import of water desilting and the block clearing voluntarily that row's water transfer facility let out by reservoir - Google Patents
A kind of method of the husky import of water desilting and the block clearing voluntarily that row's water transfer facility let out by reservoir Download PDFInfo
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- CN102808396B CN102808396B CN201210291373.XA CN201210291373A CN102808396B CN 102808396 B CN102808396 B CN 102808396B CN 201210291373 A CN201210291373 A CN 201210291373A CN 102808396 B CN102808396 B CN 102808396B
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Abstract
The present invention is the method for the husky import of water desilting and the block clearing voluntarily that row's water transfer facility let out by a kind of reservoir: arrange one or more erosion and deposition delivery port with certain flow section in the husky import of water and proper site nearby thereof, and erosion and deposition delivery port is towards occurring depositing and silting and be conducive to the husky direction of carrying of water; Erosion and deposition delivery port is communicated with the erosion and deposition intake being positioned at more than reservoir sedimentation face by erosion and deposition aqueduct, makes erosion and deposition delivery port can take clear water or relative clear water from top, reservoir area, and obtains the head corresponding to reservoir level.When alluvial and silting occur in water husky import, can produce pressure reduction between erosion and deposition delivery port and the husky import of water, erosion and deposition delivery port therefore produces erosion and deposition current, is formed and washes away, carry out desilting and block clearing to the husky import of water and forward position thereof; And larger erosion and deposition flow can be formed, be conducive to the defeated row of water sand.The present invention can improve the adaptive capacity of the row's of letting out water transfer facility, can be reservoir more anti-silting and dredging measure, provide technical support.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to hydraulic engineering technical field, relate to the husky import of water of the row's of letting out water transfer facility such as the flood discharge hole of reservoir engineering, sand discharge hole, water delivery hole, utilize waterpower to carry out the method for desilting and block clearing voluntarily, and be conducive to the defeated row of the row's of letting out water transfer facility to water sand.
Background technology
In order to utilize water resource and hydraulic power potentials, needing to build dam barrage and constructing a reservoir, retaining regulated flow, and promote water level; And reservoir engineering usually needs to arrange the lower row's of the letting out water transfer facility in some positions such as flood discharge hole, sand discharge hole, water delivery hole.
Reservoir, also can Littoral Barrier while barrage retaining, causes reservoir area siltation.The husky import of water (being called for short: the husky import of water) of the row's of letting out water transfer facility that these positions of reservoir are lower, because position is lower, easily causes alluvial and silting.Especially the reservoir on fully-loaded stream, alluvial is relatively more serious, if these row's of letting out water transfer facility long periods do not use, the husky import of its water may be become silted up not and silting by silt, even can be buried by Sediment Siltation object depth, impact normally uses, and even causes and cannot use.
At present, the husky import of the water for the lower row of letting out in position water transfer facility, anti-silting and anti-blocking method mainly contains:
One, in reservoir runs, true water-retaining sand import " clear in front of the door ".
This is a kind of with the method for putting prevention first: in reservoir runs, and monitors the husky import of water of the respectively row's of letting out water transfer facility at any time, and the alluvial situation of reservoir area, forward position; In good time unlatching lets out that row's water transfer facility carries out sluicing, water delivery and sand discharge are run, the current produced when utilizing the row's of letting out water transfer facility to run, the husky import of water and reservoir area, forward position thereof are washed away and sand discharge, carry out subtracting silt, with the height of control Shui Sha import department and position, forward position Sediment Siltation thereof and sedimentation formation.Thus prevent silt silt from not having the husky import of water, and control the side slope of water husky import forward position alluvial funnel, prevent side slope excessively steep, cause collapsing and slide and block the husky import of water.
The method of the husky import alluvial of this anti-sealing and silting, can propose higher requirement to the operational management work of the row's of letting out water transfer facility and reservoir, can affect the flexibility of the row's of letting out water transfer facility and the operation of whole reservoir, more passive.Further, the position of the husky import of water should not be too low, makes the siltation volume of reservoir larger.
Two, giant is set in water husky import proper site, or adopts giant temporarily, carry out erosion and deposition.
This method utilizes the scour-and-fill of giant high-speed jet, carries out desilting and block clearing to the husky import of water.
The high-speed jet that giant produces, in the air dielectric that density is very little, range is very large, and scouring capability is very strong.But, this high-speed jet, in the water body medium that density is identical, water body medium can produce very large resistance; Water body around high-speed jet can produce strong eddy current and turbulent flow, has very strong energy dissipating effect.Due to the high-speed jet that hydraulic giant produces, flow is very little, finite energy, and thus can be disappeared by energy dissipating very soon in water body medium, range is very short.Therefore, what giant can produce under water washes away and desilting effect, and influence basin is very limited, and the efficiency of desilting is poor.Usually need to arrange branched hydraulic giant at each position; And relevant device and operation more complicated thereof, run dumb.
When the husky import of water is by the serious silting of silt, especially the husky import of water by silt is buried do not open before, because the flow of giant is very little, the water yield provided is very limited, certain flow and the less mud of sand content or mixed water can not to be formed together with the silt that gets off with putting in order, effective Hydraulic transportation can not be formed; Thus, the water sand that can not be formed desilting and block clearing carries out defeated row effectively, is easy to cause a large amount of silt to be detained in the passage of the row's of letting out water transfer facility, forms blocking, produces serious consequence.In addition, adopt the method for the husky import desilting of this water and block clearing, the position of the husky import of water also should not be too low, makes the siltation volume of reservoir larger.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of method, when alluvial and silting occur in the husky import of water of the row's of letting out water transfer facility, the erosion and deposition current with certain flow rate and flow can be produced voluntarily; And the situation of the husky import alluvial of water and silting is more serious, and flow velocity and the flow of the erosion and deposition current produced voluntarily are also larger, and scouring capability is stronger, thus effectively can carry out desilting and block clearing to the husky import of water voluntarily.Especially in the husky import of water by the serious silting of Sediment Siltation thing, time even buried, and there is cunning of collapsing in the side slope of water husky import forward position Sediment Siltation funnel, silt collapses gliding mass when blocking suddenly the husky import of water, also desilting and block clearing can be carried out voluntarily, open the husky import of water voluntarily, make the row's of letting out water transfer facility recover normal work.Further, the present invention can form larger erosion and deposition flow, is conducive to the row's of letting out water transfer facility and carries out defeated row to the water sand that desilting and block clearing are formed.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this:
This is a kind of method that reservoir lets out that desilting and block clearing are carried out in the husky import of the water arranging water transfer facility voluntarily, it is characterized in that: in the husky import of the water of the row's of letting out water transfer facility and proper site nearby thereof, arrange one or more erosion and deposition delivery port with certain flow section, erosion and deposition delivery port is towards occurring alluvial and silting and be conducive to the husky direction of carrying of water; Erosion and deposition delivery port is by the erosion and deposition aqueduct of larger drop, be communicated with the erosion and deposition intake being positioned at more than reservoir sedimentation face, erosion and deposition delivery port by erosion and deposition aqueduct and erosion and deposition intake, can be taken clear water or relative clear water, and directly obtains the head corresponding to reservoir level from top, reservoir area.
According to circumstances, several adjacent, but position, section size and go out the different erosion and deposition delivery port of flow path direction, same group of erosion and deposition aqueduct and erosion and deposition intake can be shared.The system formed by erosion and deposition delivery port, erosion and deposition aqueduct and erosion and deposition intake and associated satellite facility, is referred to as " erosion and deposition system " herein.
When the row's of letting out water transfer facility does not work, because the husky import of water and erosion and deposition water outlet are among same static water body, there is no pressure differential between the two, thus, no matter whether Shui Sha import department there is Sediment Siltation and silting, and erosion and deposition delivery port all can not produce erosion and deposition current, and erosion and deposition system does not also work.
During the row's of letting out water transfer facility work, if Shui Sha import department does not deposit or deposits not serious, because erosion and deposition delivery port and Shui Sha import department are in same water body, thus erosion and deposition system does not also work substantially.Just during the work of the row's of letting out water transfer facility, Shui Sha import department produces the flow velocity of conveying water sand, part pressure energy changes kinetic energy into, the pressure of Shui Sha import department therefore slightly declines, and form small pressure reduction between erosion and deposition delivery port, erosion and deposition system therefore can produce flow velocity and the very little current of flow, but does not substantially have an impact to the work of the row's of letting out water transfer facility.
During the row's of letting out water transfer facility work, if the husky import generation Sediment Siltation of water and silting, reservoir there will be freely or be obstructed to the water sand conveying of the husky import of water and pressure transmission, therefore pressure reduction is produced between erosion and deposition delivery port and the husky import of water, erosion and deposition delivery port therefore can produce erosion and deposition current, the silt formation of the husky import of water and forward position alluvial and silting is washed away, carries out desilting and block clearing.The situation of the husky import alluvial of water and silting is more serious, and the pressure reduction between erosion and deposition delivery port and the import of water sand is also larger, and the flow velocity of the erosion and deposition current that erosion and deposition delivery port produces, flow and scouring force will be larger, and the effect of desilting and block clearing is also larger.
The current of water sand are carried in the erosion and deposition current of erosion and deposition delivery port and the husky import of water, and the direction going out stream is different; But both disappear by these long those, and contradiction is each other little, can not affect the normal operation of the row's of letting out water transfer facility.
Obviously, the present invention can adopt flow section and the larger erosion and deposition system of conveyance capacity, thus can produce larger erosion and deposition flow; And the situation of the husky import silting of water is more serious, and the erosion and deposition flow produced is also larger, make the silt clearing up together with erosion and deposition current, the less mud of sand content or mixed water can be formed.And, because erosion and deposition current of the present invention are directly from clear water or the relative clear water on reservoir upper strata, compared with the erosion and deposition current of large discharge, there is the head corresponding with reservoir level simultaneously, thus row's transfer passage can be let out by the water sand of the row's of letting out water transfer facility, the mud formed erosion and deposition or mixed water, carry out defeated row effectively.That is, the water formed when desilting and block clearing is husky, effectively can carry out defeated row by the row's of letting out water transfer facility.
The method of the husky import of water provided by the present invention desilting and block clearing voluntarily, just for desilting and the block clearing problem of the husky import of the row of letting out water transfer facility water, for have press and the row's of letting out water transfer facility with no pressure all applicable.
The task that the various rows of the letting out water transfer facility of reservoir is born is different, and mainly contain the row's of the letting out water transfer facility bearing the tasks such as flood discharge, sand discharge, reservoir emptying draining, water supply water delivery and generating water delivery, some row's of letting out water transfer facility also can bear multitask.Further, the engineering specifications of each reservoir engineering varies.Therefore, each row of letting out water transfer facility of every reservoir, task of having oneself concrete, concrete layout, design and running control program; These all directly can affect layout, the design and running control of water husky import erosion and deposition system.And the layout of water husky import erosion and deposition system, design and running control, also can control to produce suitable impact on the layout of the row's of letting out water transfer facility, design and running.Therefore, during concrete engineering application this method, row's water transfer facility difference concrete condition must be let out according to difference, carry out multianalysis and consideration, suit measures to local conditions to take appropriate measures.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
When the row's of letting out water transfer facility does not run, erosion and deposition system does not work; There is not alluvial and silting in the husky import of water that row's water transfer facility let out by reservoir, when the row's of letting out water transfer facility runs, erosion and deposition system does not work substantially.There is alluvial and silting in the husky import of water of letting out row's water transfer facility when reservoir, when the row of letting out water transfer facility runs, the erosion and deposition system degree that can produce voluntarily along with the husky import alluvial of water and silting increases and increases and erosion and deposition current, carries out desilting and block clearing to the import of water sand.Erosion and deposition system of the present invention, can not affect the normal operation of the row's of letting out water transfer facility.Erosion and deposition system can adopt larger flow section, forms larger erosion and deposition flow and pressure head, can let out row's transfer passage, effectively carry out defeated row to the water sand that desilting and block clearing are formed by the water sand of the row's of letting out water transfer facility.
The method of the husky import of water provided by the present invention desilting and block clearing voluntarily, not affecting under the prerequisite that the row of letting out water transfer facility normally runs, effectively can improve the ability that the row's of letting out water transfer facility prevents silting, and making it raising adaptive capacity.Such as, the position of the row's of letting out water transfer facility and the husky import of water thereof can significantly be reduced, to reduce the minimum capacity of a reservoir of reservoir; And can be reservoir more anti-silting and dredging measure, strong technical support is provided.The present invention has larger economy, society and ecological benefits, can produce very positive effect.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the longitudinal plan of embodiment.
Fig. 2 is the flat sectional drawing of embodiment.
Label in figure is respectively:
1. erosion and deposition delivery port;
2. erosion and deposition aqueduct;
3. erosion and deposition intake;
4. erosion and deposition intake closed gate;
5. erosion and deposition intake air vent;
6. erosion and deposition intake trashrack;
7. the husky import of the water of the row's of letting out water transfer facility (being called for short: the husky import of water);
8. the water sand of the row's of letting out water transfer facility lets out row's transfer passage (being called for short: water sand lets out row's transfer passage);
9. the work of the row's of letting out water transfer facility or Emergency Gate (being called for short: work or Emergency Gate);
10. the husky import maintenance of water and sand prevention gate (being called for short: maintenance and sand prevention gate);
The husky import air vent of 11. water (being called for short: air vent);
The husky import trashrack of 12. water (being called for short: trashrack);
13. reservoirs;
14. reservoir levels;
15. reservoir sediment accumulation faces.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the method for the husky import of water of letting out row's water transfer facility to reservoir of the present invention desilting and block clearing is voluntarily further described, see Fig. 1-2:
In Fig. 1, Fig. 2, the facility be made up of the husky import 7 of water, the water husky row of letting out transfer passage 8, work or Emergency Gate 9, maintenance and sand prevention gate 10, air vent 11 and trashrack 12 is the row's of letting out water transfer facility of reservoir routine.The husky import 7 of the water of the row's of letting out water transfer facility and proper site nearby thereof are provided with four erosion and deposition delivery ports 1, certainly, also can arrange more or less erosion and deposition delivery port 1, erosion and deposition delivery port 1 is towards occurring alluvial and silting and be conducive to the husky direction of carrying of water; Erosion and deposition delivery port 1 is communicated with the erosion and deposition intake 3 being positioned at reservoir deposits and amassing silt face more than 15 by erosion and deposition aqueduct 2, wherein two of the same side adjacent but erosion and deposition delivery ports 1 that position is different with going out flow path direction, share same group of erosion and deposition aqueduct 2 and erosion and deposition intake 3.
Erosion and deposition system is defined by erosion and deposition delivery port 1, erosion and deposition aqueduct 2, erosion and deposition intake 3, erosion and deposition intake closed gate 4, erosion and deposition intake air vent 5 and erosion and deposition intake trashrack 6.
In the embodiment shown in the figures, the work of the row's of letting out water transfer facility or Emergency Gate 9 and maintenance and sand prevention gate 10 are arranged in husky import 7 place of water, and all erosion and deposition delivery ports 1 are arranged in the front side of maintenance and sand prevention gate 10 and work or Emergency Gate 9.This is a kind of fairly simple situation, and in order to principle of the present invention and implementation method to be described, the situation of its work is as follows:
One, when the row's of letting out water transfer facility does not work.
When the row's of letting out water transfer facility does not work, maintenance and sand prevention gate 10 are closed with work or Emergency Gate 9.Now, the husky import 7 of water and erosion and deposition delivery port 1 are among same static water body, owing to not having pressure differential between the two, thus, no matter whether husky import 7 place of water there is Sediment Siltation and silting, and erosion and deposition delivery port 1 all can not produce erosion and deposition current, and erosion and deposition system does not work.
Two, when the row's of letting out water transfer facility is started working.
When the row's of letting out water transfer facility is started working, maintenance and sand prevention gate 10 are all opened with work or Emergency Gate 9, and erosion and deposition delivery port 1 and erosion and deposition system thereof are also started working simultaneously.Along with the change of the husky import 7 place's Sediment Siltation of water and silting situation, mainly have following several situation:
1, when not depositing or deposit not serious in husky import 7 place of water, erosion and deposition delivery port 1 is in same water body with the husky import 7 of water; Time just due to the row's of letting out water transfer facility work, husky import 7 place of water produces the flow velocity of conveying water sand, part pressure energy changes kinetic energy into, the pressure at husky import 7 place of water therefore slightly declines, and can form small pressure reduction between erosion and deposition delivery port 1, erosion and deposition system therefore can produce flow velocity and the very little current of flow.
Now, due to this current that erosion and deposition system produces, flow velocity and flow are all very little, can not produce significantly impact, and contribute to the anti-silting of erosion and deposition system to the operation of the row's of letting out water transfer facility and the husky import 7 of water thereof.If the flow section of erosion and deposition system is larger, the current that this flow velocity is very little, also can form the clear water flow of certain flow, contribute to the sand content controlling the row's of letting out water transfer facility conveying water sand.
2, when Sediment Siltation and silting appear in husky import 7 place of water, when especially water husky import 7 place silting situation is more serious, reservoir can be caused to carry the transmission of the husky and pressure of water freely or be obstructed to the husky import 7 of water.And erosion and deposition delivery port 1, by erosion and deposition aqueduct 2 be positioned at the erosion and deposition intake 3 that reservoir deposits amasss silt face more than 15, directly be communicated with the water body on reservoir upper strata, the pressure of reservoir area water body can directly transmit, and makes the pressure of erosion and deposition delivery port 1 occur pressure reduction higher than the husky import 7 of water; Erosion and deposition delivery port 1 therefore can form the erosion and deposition current of certain flow rate and flow, is formed and washes away, carry out desilting and block clearing to the Sediment Siltation at husky import 7 place of water and silting thing.
The situation of water husky import 7 alluvial and silting is more serious, reservoir carries water resistance that is husky and transmission of pressure larger to the husky import 7 of water, pressure reduction between erosion and deposition delivery port 1 and the husky import 7 of water is also larger, the flow velocity of the erosion and deposition current that erosion and deposition delivery port 1 is formed, flow and energy are larger, and the effect of erosion and deposition is also stronger.
Now, because the husky import 7 of water blocks not yet completely, water can also be carried husky.The current of water sand are carried in the husky import 7 of water, also can be formed the Sediment Siltation at husky import 7 place of water and wash away, produce the effect of desilting.When water husky import 7 silting situation is not very serious, the desilting effect that the husky import 7 of water carries the current of water sand to produce, may play main effect; Now, the erosion and deposition clear water that erosion and deposition delivery port 1 produces or relatively clear water, the water sand simultaneously can carried the husky import 7 of water plays the effect of dilution, is conducive to the defeated row of water sand.
3, when the husky import 7 of water is by complete silting, be especially silted and bury with time buried; And there is cunning of collapsing in the side slope of water husky import 7 forward position Sediment Siltation funnel, silt collapse the husky import 7 of gliding mass blocking water time, because reservoir can not carry the husky transmission with carrying out pressure of water to the husky import 7 of water, thus make directly to fetch water from the upper strata of reservoir 13, and obtain the erosion and deposition delivery port 1 of head corresponding to reservoir level 14, and produce very large pressure reduction between the husky import 7 of water, erosion and deposition delivery port 1 therefore can produce the high speed erosion and deposition current of large discharge, strong washing away is formed to the silt silting thing at husky import 7 place of water, thus effectively can carry out desilting and block clearing to the husky import 7 of water.
When the husky import 7 of water is buried by the serious silting of silt and silt, when can not open, the high speed erosion and deposition current that erosion and deposition delivery port 1 produces, can to the silt silting thing at husky import 7 place of water, and the bottom of forward position Sediment Siltation body, is formed and washes away and scour, clear up at once; Thus open the husky import 7 of water gradually, make the row's of letting out water transfer facility recover normal work.Before the husky import 7 of water is not opened, reservoir can not carry water husky directly to the husky import 7 of water, clear up by the erosion and deposition current of erosion and deposition delivery port 1 silt got off, can only together with erosion and deposition current, the water forming certain sand content is husky, is let out arrange that transfer passage 8 is defeated is discharged to downstream by the water sand of the row of letting out water transfer facility.Now, by the complete erosion and deposition current produced by erosion and deposition system, the defeated row maintaining water sand for the row's of letting out water transfer facility provides required flow.Therefore, erosion and deposition delivery port 1 should have certain flow section and conveyance capacity.
When there is serious silting in the husky import 7 of water, the erosion and deposition current that erosion and deposition delivery port 1 generally should be avoided to produce go out stream at a high speed in atmosphere, or change at water-air two-phase flow the situation going out stream in unstable environment to occur, to prevent at a high speed or the issuable destruction of erosion and deposition current of instability; Should take appropriate measures.
If the husky import 7 of 4 water occurs that serious silting and silt are buried, erosion and deposition delivery port 1 also may by silting.But, as long as the water sand of maintenance and sand prevention gate 10 and work or Emergency Gate less than 9 lets out row's transfer passage 8 not by silting, because the erosion and deposition delivery port 1 near maintenance and sand prevention gate 10 and work or Emergency Gate 9 is shorter to the distance of the water husky row of letting out transfer passage 8, the thickness of silt silting thing is less therebetween; And due to after maintenance and sand prevention gate 10 and work or Emergency Gate 9 open, the less stable of part silt silting thing in front of the door, under the effect of high pressure infiltration, the silt silting thing at erosion and deposition delivery port 1 place is easy to eliminate voluntarily, and erosion and deposition delivery port 1 is easy to open-minded voluntarily.As long as there is an erosion and deposition delivery port 1 open-minded, remaining erosion and deposition delivery port 1 just can be open-minded successively, thus effective waterpower erosion and deposition can be carried out to the silt of the husky import of water 7 siltings, open the husky import 7 of water gradually, make the row's of letting out water transfer facility recover normal work voluntarily gradually.
Claims (1)
1. the method for a reservoir husky import of water desilting and the block clearing voluntarily of letting out row's water transfer facility, it is characterized in that: in the husky import of the water of the row's of letting out water transfer facility and proper site nearby thereof, arrange one or more erosion and deposition delivery port with certain flow section, erosion and deposition delivery port is towards occurring alluvial and silting and be conducive to the husky direction of carrying of water; Be provided with sand prevention gate in Shui Sha import department, all erosion and deposition delivery ports are arranged in the front side of sand prevention gate; Erosion and deposition delivery port is communicated with the erosion and deposition intake being positioned at more than reservoir sedimentation face by the erosion and deposition aqueduct of larger drop, make erosion and deposition delivery port can take clear water or relative clear water with erosion and deposition intake from top, reservoir area by erosion and deposition aqueduct, and directly obtain the head corresponding to reservoir level;
When the husky import generation Sediment Siltation of water and silting, reservoir there will be freely or be obstructed to the water sand conveying of the husky import of water and pressure transmission, therefore pressure reduction is produced between erosion and deposition delivery port and the husky import of water, erosion and deposition delivery port therefore can produce erosion and deposition current, the silt formation of the husky import of water and forward position alluvial and silting is washed away, carries out desilting and block clearing; The situation of the husky import alluvial of water and silting is more serious, pressure reduction between erosion and deposition delivery port and the husky import of water is also larger, the flow velocity of the erosion and deposition current that erosion and deposition delivery port produces, flow and scouring force will be larger, the effect of desilting and block clearing is also larger, because this method can form larger erosion and deposition flow, be conducive to the defeated row of water sand when desilting and block clearing run.
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| CN105317027A (en) * | 2015-04-28 | 2016-02-10 | 贵州省水利水电勘测设计研究院 | Combined type flood discharge and water taking method and structure thereof |
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| CN114517466A (en) * | 2022-02-22 | 2022-05-20 | 徐立成 | Hydraulic safety flood discharge power generation equipment |
| CN118345930B (en) * | 2024-06-18 | 2024-08-30 | 浙江省水利河口研究院(浙江省海洋规划设计研究院) | Silt blocking treatment device for water intake pipeline |
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