CN102807272B - Method for removing Se(IV)/Se(VI) from water by magnetic field enhanced zero-valent iron - Google Patents
Method for removing Se(IV)/Se(VI) from water by magnetic field enhanced zero-valent iron Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for removing Se(IV)/Se(VI) from water by magnetic field enhanced zero-valent iron and relates to a water and waste water treatment method. The method solves the problems of low reaction speed of the conventional micron-sized zero-valent iron/iron scrap and the Se(IV)/Se(VI), low removal efficiency, narrow pH application range and short life of the zero-valent iron. The method adopts the following modes: (1) a stationary bed mode: applying magnetic field at the periphery of the zero-valent iron stationary bed and allowing the Se(IV)/Se(VI)-containing water to pass through the zero-valent iron stationary bed to be purified; and 2) a completely mixed reactor mode: adding a certain amount of zero-valent iron in the Se(IV)/Se(VI)-containing water, magnetically stirring or externally applying the magnetic field to realize quick reaction of the micron-sized zero-valent iron/iron scrap and the Se(IV)/Se(VI) so as to purify the water. According to the method, the magnetic field can inhibit generation of a zero-valent iron passivation film, the mass transfer speed of the Se(IV)/Se(VI) and the micron-sized zero-valent iron/iron scrap is increased and the removal efficiency of the micron-sized zero-valent iron/iron scrap on the Se(IV)/Se(VI) is greatly improved.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to water-treatment technology field, relate to a kind of water and method of wastewater treatment, be specifically related to the method that a kind of magnetic field-intensification Zero-valent Iron is removed Se (IV)/Se (VI) in the water.
Background technology
In water body, there are two aspects in the source of selenium: one, the indivedual water bodys high stratum of selenium content of flowing through, thus cause exceeding standard of underground water or spring selenium.In the general natural water, the selenium of sexavalence, tetravalence is arranged, the content great majority exist
Below, but because the water pollution of being rich in selenium can cause selenium content severe overweight (national drinking water quality standard
).Its two, the selenium in the water body come from industry pollution, this also is the main source of selenium in the water body.According to investigations, contain selenium waste water mainly contains selenium from smelting metallic ore, oil refining, refined matte, manufacturing sulfuric acid and special glass industry.Usually, no matter trade effluent still is subjected to the former water of selenium contamination, and the selenium in the water mainly all is with inorganic selenate radical ion (SeO
4 2-) and selenite radical ion (SeO
3 2-) form exists, and selenite radical ion (SeO
3 2-) than selenate radical ion (SeO
4 2-) more general.
Selenate radical and selenite radical ion can utilize reduction, absorption and the throwing out of Zero-valent Iron to remove, but the reaction consumes hydrogen ion between Zero-valent Iron and selenate radical/selenite radical ion or generation hydroxide radical, cause that the pH value of solution value raises rapidly in the reaction process, the Fe (OH) that reaction generates
2, Fe (OH)
3, FeOOH and various ferriferous oxides etc. can be covered in the Zero-valent Iron surface and form passive film.Under slightly acidic or neutrallty condition, the porosity of initial reaction stage passive film is higher, less to the influence of the speed of reaction between Zero-valent Iron and the selenate radical/selenite radical ion, carrying out along with reaction, passivation film thickness increases and porosity reduces, can seriously reduce the corrosion reaction between Zero-valent Iron and the pollutent, thereby reduce the removal speed of pollutent.Therefore Zero-valent Iron reduces along with the rising of pH and the prolongation in reaction times gradually except the selenium ability.
In order to widen effective pH scope that Zero-valent Iron uses, to improve its reactive behavior and prolong its work-ing life, Chinese scholars has been developed nanometer iron or iron-based bimetal.Nano zero valence iron reactive behavior height, size are little, to the removal effect of the halogenated organic matters in the water, heavy metal, dyestuff etc. apparently higher than common Zero-valent Iron, but new synthetic nano iron particles is easily oxidized, agglomeration is serious, influence its reactive behavior, and nano material is still indeterminate to HUMAN HEALTH and eco-environmental impact, need do studying in great detail and proving.The iron-based bimetal is to plate the high precious metal of a kind of reduction potential on the Zero-valent Iron surface and the bimetal that generates, for example Fe/Pd, Fe/Pt, Fe/Ag, Fe/Ni, Fe/Cu etc.Discover that common iron-based bimetal is better to the removal usefulness of pollutent than simple Zero-valent Iron, be difficult in actual production but the common price of precious metal is too high to use, and people also have doubt for being used for release and the eco-toxicity thereof of the bimetallic precious metal of synthesis iron base.In addition, it is bigger that the bimetallic reactive behavior of iron-based is influenced by building-up process, and this has also limited its application.Therefore it is extremely urgent to seek other methods of strengthening Se (IV)/Se (VI) in the Zero-valent Iron removal water.
Summary of the invention
In order to widen effective pH scope that Zero-valent Iron uses, to improve its reactive behavior and prolong its work-ing life, overcome the bimetallic defective of nano zero valence iron or iron-based simultaneously, the purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of magnetic field-intensification Zero-valent Iron and remove the method for Se (IV)/Se (VI) in the water, this method is by applying magnetic field, strengthen Zero-valent Iron to the removal speed of Se (IV)/Se (VI), suppress the generation of passive film, prolong the work-ing life of Zero-valent Iron, can be used for the removal of Se in tap water or the waste water (IV)/Se (VI).
The method that magnetic field-intensification Zero-valent Iron of the present invention is removed Se (IV)/Se (VI) in the water comprises following two kinds of forms:
(1) fixed bed form: apply magnetic field around the Zero-valent Iron fixed bed, the water that contains Se (IV)/Se (VI) is purified by this Zero-valent Iron fixed bed;
(2) complete form: add a certain amount of Zero-valent Iron at the water that contains Se (IV)/Se (VI), adopt magnetic agitation or externally-applied magnetic field realize Zero-valent Iron and Se (IV)/Se (VI) thus rapid reaction water is purified.
The pH value of the described Se of containing (IV)/Se (VI) water is 4.0 ~ 7.5;
Described Zero-valent Iron is micron order Zero-valent Iron or iron filings;
Described magnetic field is a kind of in stationary magnetic field, alternating magnetic field, pulsating magnetic field or the pulsed magnetic field;
The intensity in described magnetic field is 0.2 ~ 20.0 mT;
In the fixed bed form, the described Se of containing (IV)/Se (VI) residence time of water in the Zero-valent Iron fixed bed is 0.5 ~ 8.0 h;
In the complete form, Zero-valent Iron and Se (IV)/Se (VI) mass ratio is 25 ~ 500:1; Reaction times is 0.2 ~ 8.0 h.
The present invention is primarily aimed at Se (IV)/Se (VI) exploitation of removing in tap water or the waste water.Ultimate principle of the present invention is to utilize magnetic field that iron-aqueous solution interface diamagnetism hydration of ion is reduced, and makes Fe
2+Have and be adsorbed in the ferroelectric extremely tendency on surface, cause the change of electricity layer structure and the activity of corrosion system to increase, suppress the generative process of passive film, strengthen mass transfer process, thereby can strengthen Zero-valent Iron by reduction, adsorption to the removal efficient of Se (IV)/Se (VI), prolong its work-ing life.
The present invention compares with prior art, has following advantage and beneficial effect:
1, the present invention compares except Se (IV)/Se (VI) technology with existing Zero-valent Iron, speed of reaction improves greatly under the condition of pH≤7.5, available pH is wider, and the volume of reactor can reduce greatly, and the longer service life of micron order Zero-valent Iron/iron filings;
2, the present invention compares with other existing methods (nano zero valence iron or iron-based bimetal) of strengthening the Zero-valent Iron depollution, and material therefor is cheap, and reaction process is more easy to control, and the no toxic metal ion residues in reaction back;
3, the present invention be very easy to existing Zero-valent Iron fixed bed except Se (IV)/Se (VI) or fully mixing reactor carries out upgrading, only need utilize permanent magnet or electric current around the Zero-valent Iron fixed bed or raising greatly except Se (IV)/Se (VI) speed can be realized in the inner magnetic field of creating.
Description of drawings
Magnetic field was the reaction kinetics influence of 3 microns Zero-valent Iron removal Se (IV) to particle diameter when Fig. 1 was pH=4.0, among the figure-● the clearance curve of Se (IV) under the existence condition of-expression magnetic field, the clearance curve of Se (IV) under the no magnetic field condition of-zero-expression;
Magnetic field was the reaction kinetics influence of 3 microns Zero-valent Iron removal Se (IV) to particle diameter when Fig. 2 was pH=5.0, among the figure-● the clearance curve of Se (IV) under the existence condition of-expression magnetic field, the clearance curve of Se (IV) under the no magnetic field condition of-zero-expression;
Magnetic field was the reaction kinetics influence of 3 microns Zero-valent Iron removal Se (IV) to particle diameter when Fig. 3 was pH=6.0, among the figure-● the clearance curve of Se (IV) under the existence condition of-expression magnetic field, the clearance curve of Se (IV) under the no magnetic field condition of-zero-expression;
Magnetic field was the reaction kinetics influence of 3 microns Zero-valent Iron removal Se (IV) to particle diameter when Fig. 4 was pH=7.0, among the figure-● the clearance curve of Se (IV) under the existence condition of-expression magnetic field, the clearance curve of Se (IV) under the no magnetic field condition of-zero-expression;
Magnetic field was the reaction kinetics influence of 3 microns Zero-valent Iron removal Se (VI) to particle diameter when Fig. 5 was pH=6.0, among the figure-● the clearance curve of Se (VI) under the existence condition of the no magnetic field of-expression, the clearance curve of Se (VI) under the existence condition of-zero-expression magnetic field.
Embodiment
Embodiment one: the method that a kind of magnetic field-intensification Zero-valent Iron in the present embodiment is removed Se (IV)/Se (VI) in the water is in complete, to containing 38.76 mg L
-1Add 1 g L in the water of Se (IV)
-1Zero-valent Iron (particle diameter is 3 microns), the mass ratio of Zero-valent Iron and Se is approximately 25:1, pH=4.0, used magnetic field is alternating magnetic field, magneticstrength is about 0.2 ~ 10 mT.Under the existence condition of magnetic field, Zero-valent Iron can be removed Se (IV) on 99% in 0.25 h.And magnetic field is not when existing, when the concentration of initial Se (IV) is reduced to 10.77 mg L
-1Even react 2 h and also can only remove about 94% to Se (IV).Specifically see Fig. 1.
Embodiment two: the method that a kind of magnetic field-intensification Zero-valent Iron in the present embodiment is removed Se (IV)/Se (VI) in the water is in complete, to containing 35.68 mg L
-1Add 1 g L in the water of Se (IV)
-1Zero-valent Iron (particle diameter is 3 microns), the mass ratio of Zero-valent Iron and Se is approximately 25:1, pH=5.0, used magnetic field is alternating magnetic field, magneticstrength is about 0.2 ~ 10 mT.Under the existence condition of magnetic field, Zero-valent Iron can be removed Se (IV) on 99% in 0.25 h.And magnetic field is not when existing, when the concentration of initial Se (IV) is reduced to 9.55 mg L
-1Even react 2 h and also can only remove about 25% to Se (IV).Specifically see Fig. 2.
Embodiment three: the method that a kind of magnetic field-intensification Zero-valent Iron in the present embodiment is removed Se (IV)/Se (VI) in the water is in complete, to containing 39.58 mg L
-1Add 1 g L in the water of Se (IV)
-1Zero-valent Iron (particle diameter is 3 microns), the mass ratio of Zero-valent Iron and Se is approximately 25:1, pH=6.0, used magnetic field is alternating magnetic field, magneticstrength is about 0.2 ~ 10 mT.Under the existence condition of magnetic field, Zero-valent Iron can be removed Se (IV) on 98% in 1 h.And magnetic field is not when existing, when the concentration of initial Se (IV) is reduced to 9.99 mg L
-1Even react 2 h and also can only remove about 26% to Se (IV).Specifically see Fig. 3.
Embodiment four: the method that a kind of magnetic field-intensification Zero-valent Iron in the present embodiment is removed Se (IV)/Se (VI) in the water is in complete, to containing 36.50 mg L
-1Add 1 g L in the water of Se (IV)
-1Zero-valent Iron (particle diameter is 3 microns), the mass ratio of Zero-valent Iron and Se is approximately 25:1, pH=7.0, used magnetic field is alternating magnetic field, magneticstrength is about 0.2 ~ 10 mT.Under the existence condition of magnetic field, Zero-valent Iron can be removed Se (IV) on 98% in 1.5 h.And magnetic field is not when existing, when the concentration of initial Se (IV) is reduced to 10.57 mg L
-1, react 2 h and can only remove about 4% to Se (IV).Specifically see Fig. 4.
Embodiment five: the method that a kind of magnetic field-intensification Zero-valent Iron in the present embodiment is removed Se (IV)/Se (VI) in the water is in complete, to containing 30.76 mg L
-1Add 1 g L in the water of Se (VI)
-1Zero-valent Iron (particle diameter is 3 microns), the mass ratio of Zero-valent Iron and Se is approximately 32:1, pH=6.0, used magnetic field is alternating magnetic field, magneticstrength is about 0.2 ~ 10 mT.Under the existence condition of magnetic field, Zero-valent Iron can be removed Se (VI) more than 46.5 % in 4 h.And magnetic field is not when existing, when the concentration of initial Se (VI) is 30.93 mg L
-1, react 4 h and can only remove Se (VI) about 7.6 %.Specifically see Fig. 5.
Embodiment six: the method that a kind of magnetic field-intensification Zero-valent Iron in the present embodiment is removed Se (IV)/Se (VI) in the water is in complete, to containing 1.0 mg L
-1Add 0.5 g L in the water of Se (IV)
-1Zero-valent Iron (particle diameter is 20 microns), the mass ratio of Zero-valent Iron and Se is 500:1, pH=6.5, used magnetic field is alternating magnetic field, magneticstrength is 0.2 ~ 5 mT.Reaction times is 0.5 h, and the clearance of Se (IV) is more than 99.9%.
Embodiment seven: the method that a kind of magnetic field-intensification Zero-valent Iron in the present embodiment is removed Se (IV)/Se (VI) in the water is in complete, to containing 1.0 mg L
-1Add 0.25 g L in the water of Se (IV)
-1Zero-valent Iron (particle diameter is 50 microns), the mass ratio of Zero-valent Iron and Se is 250:1, pH=5.5, used magnetic field is alternating magnetic field, magneticstrength is 0.2 ~ 5 mT.Reaction times is 2 h, and the clearance of Se (IV) is more than 99.9%.
Embodiment eight: what present embodiment and embodiment six were different is, used magnetic field is the stationary magnetic field, and magneticstrength is 0.3 ~ 10 mT.Other step and parameter are identical with embodiment six.The clearance of Se in the present embodiment (IV) is more than 99.9%.
Embodiment nine: what present embodiment and embodiment six were different is, used magnetic field is pulsating magnetic field, and magneticstrength is 0.5 ~ 20.0 mT.Other step and parameter are identical with embodiment six.The clearance of Se in the present embodiment (IV) is more than 99.9%.
Embodiment ten: what present embodiment and embodiment six were different is, used magnetic field is pulsed magnetic field, and magneticstrength is 10.0 ~ 20.0 mT.Other step and parameter are identical with embodiment six.The clearance of Se in the present embodiment (IV) is more than 99.9%.
Embodiment 11: what present embodiment and embodiment five were different is, reaction pH=5.0, and the reaction times is 8 h, other step and parameter are identical with embodiment five.The clearance of Se in the present embodiment (VI) is more than 99.9%.
Embodiment 12: what present embodiment and embodiment 11 were different is, used magnetic field is the stationary magnetic field, and magneticstrength is 0.3-5 mT.Other step and parameter are identical with embodiment 11.The clearance of Se in the present embodiment (VI) is more than 99.9%.
Embodiment 13: what present embodiment and embodiment 11 were different is, used magnetic field is pulsating magnetic field, and magneticstrength is 5 ~ 10.0 mT.Other step and parameter are identical with embodiment 11.The clearance of Se in the present embodiment (VI) is more than 99.9%.
Embodiment 14: what present embodiment and embodiment 11 were different is, used magnetic field is pulsed magnetic field, and magneticstrength is 10.0 ~ 20.0 mT.Other step and parameter are identical with embodiment 11.The clearance of Se in the present embodiment (VI) is more than 99.9%.
Embodiment 15: the method that a kind of magnetic field-intensification Zero-valent Iron in the present embodiment is removed Se (IV)/Se (VI) in the water is to allow contain Se (IV) water and flow through zeroth order ferropexy bed (the iron filings particle diameter is about 200 microns), and initial Se (IV) concentration is 1 mg L
-1, pH=5.0, the empty bed residence time is 2 h, and used magnetic field is alternating magnetic field, and magneticstrength is 0.2 ~ 15 mT, and the clearance of Se (IV) is more than 99%.
Embodiment 16: what present embodiment and embodiment 15 were different is, used magnetic field is the stationary magnetic field, and magneticstrength is 10.0 ~ 20.0 mT.Other step and parameter are identical with embodiment 15.The clearance of Se in the present embodiment (IV) is more than 99.9%.
Embodiment 17: what present embodiment and embodiment 15 were different is, used magnetic field is pulsating magnetic field, and magneticstrength is 10.0 ~ 20.0 mT.Other step and parameter are identical with embodiment 15.The clearance of Se in the present embodiment (IV) is more than 99.9%.
Embodiment 18: what present embodiment and embodiment 15 were different is, used magnetic field is pulsed magnetic field, and magneticstrength is 10.0 ~ 20.0 mT.Other step and parameter are identical with embodiment 15.The clearance of Se in the present embodiment (IV) is more than 99.9%.
Embodiment 19: what present embodiment and embodiment 15 were different is that the starting point concentration of Se (IV) is 20 mg L
-1, the empty bed residence time is 2.0 h, magneticstrength is 0.6 ~ 10.0 mT.Other step and parameter are identical with embodiment 15.The clearance of Se in the present embodiment (IV) is more than 99%.
Embodiment 20: what present embodiment and embodiment 15 were different is that the starting point concentration of Se (VI) is 2 mg L
-1, the empty bed residence time is 8.0 h, magneticstrength is 15 ~ 20.0 mT.Other step and parameter are identical with embodiment 15.The clearance of Se in the present embodiment (VI) is more than 99%.
Embodiment 21: what present embodiment and embodiment 19 were different is, used magnetic field is pulsating magnetic field, and magneticstrength is 5.0 ~ 10.0 mT.Other step and parameter are identical with embodiment 19.The clearance of Se in the present embodiment (VI) is more than 99.9%.
Embodiment 22: what present embodiment and embodiment 15 were different is, used magnetic field is pulsed magnetic field, and magneticstrength is 10.0 ~ 20.0 mT.Other step and parameter are identical with embodiment 15.The clearance of Se in the present embodiment (VI) is more than 99.9%.
Embodiment 23: what present embodiment and embodiment 15 were different is that the starting point concentration of Se (VI) is 1 mg L
-1, the empty bed residence time is 4.0 h, magneticstrength is 0.6 ~ 10.0 mT.Other step and parameter are identical with embodiment 15.The clearance of Se in the present embodiment (VI) is more than 99.9%.
Claims (6)
1. the magnetic field-intensification Zero-valent Iron is removed the method for Se (IV)/Se (VI) in the water, it is characterized in that described method is: apply magnetic field around the Zero-valent Iron fixed bed, the water that contains Se (IV)/Se (VI) is purified by this Zero-valent Iron fixed bed; The pH value of the described Se of containing (IV)/Se (VI) water is 4.0 ~ 7.0, and magneticstrength is 0.2 ~ 20.0 mT.
2. magnetic field-intensification Zero-valent Iron according to claim 1 is removed the method for Se (IV)/Se (VI) in the water, it is characterized in that described magnetic field is stationary magnetic field, alternating magnetic field, pulsating magnetic field or pulsed magnetic field.
3. magnetic field-intensification Zero-valent Iron according to claim 1 is removed the method for Se (IV)/Se (VI) in the water, it is characterized in that the described Se of containing (IV)/Se (VI) residence time of water in the Zero-valent Iron fixed bed is 0.5 ~ 8.0 h.
4. the magnetic field-intensification Zero-valent Iron is removed the method for Se (IV)/Se (VI) in the water, it is characterized in that described method is: add a certain amount of Zero-valent Iron at the water that contains Se (IV)/Se (VI), Zero-valent Iron and Se (IV)/Se (VI) mass ratio is 25 ~ 500:1, adopt magnetic agitation or externally-applied magnetic field realize Zero-valent Iron and Se (IV)/Se (VI) thus rapid reaction water is purified; The pH value of the described Se of containing (IV)/Se (VI) water is 4.0 ~ 7.0, and the magneticstrength that magnetic agitation or externally-applied magnetic field provide is 0.2 ~ 20.0 mT.
5. magnetic field-intensification Zero-valent Iron according to claim 4 is removed the method for Se (IV)/Se (VI) in the water, it is characterized in that the used magnetic field of described magnetic agitation or externally-applied magnetic field is stationary magnetic field, alternating magnetic field, pulsating magnetic field or pulsed magnetic field.
6. magnetic field-intensification Zero-valent Iron according to claim 4 is removed the method for Se (IV)/Se (VI) in the water, it is characterized in that the described reaction times is 0.2 ~ 8.0 h.
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