CN102803817B - Hydrogen is loaded the method in container and filling apparatus - Google Patents

Hydrogen is loaded the method in container and filling apparatus Download PDF

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Publication number
CN102803817B
CN102803817B CN201080026062.XA CN201080026062A CN102803817B CN 102803817 B CN102803817 B CN 102803817B CN 201080026062 A CN201080026062 A CN 201080026062A CN 102803817 B CN102803817 B CN 102803817B
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container
hydrogen
port
pressure
hydraulic fluid
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CN102803817A (en
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H·德仲斯特
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Teesing BV
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Teesing BV
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C5/00—Methods or apparatus for filling containers with liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases under pressures
    • F17C5/06—Methods or apparatus for filling containers with liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases under pressures for filling with compressed gases
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/01—Mounting arrangements
    • F17C2205/0123—Mounting arrangements characterised by number of vessels
    • F17C2205/013—Two or more vessels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/01—Mounting arrangements
    • F17C2205/0123—Mounting arrangements characterised by number of vessels
    • F17C2205/013—Two or more vessels
    • F17C2205/0134—Two or more vessels characterised by the presence of fluid connection between vessels
    • F17C2205/0142—Two or more vessels characterised by the presence of fluid connection between vessels bundled in parallel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/01—Pure fluids
    • F17C2221/012—Hydrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/03—Mixtures
    • F17C2221/032—Hydrocarbons
    • F17C2221/033—Methane, e.g. natural gas, CNG, LNG, GNL, GNC, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0107—Single phase
    • F17C2223/0123—Single phase gaseous, e.g. CNG, GNC
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2223/035—High pressure (>10 bar)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2225/01—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2225/0107—Single phase
    • F17C2225/0123—Single phase gaseous, e.g. CNG, GNC
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2225/03—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2225/03—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2225/036—Very high pressure, i.e. above 80 bars
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/01—Propulsion of the fluid
    • F17C2227/0192—Propulsion of the fluid by using a working fluid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
    • F17C2250/03—Control means
    • F17C2250/032—Control means using computers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
    • F17C2250/04—Indicating or measuring of parameters as input values
    • F17C2250/0404—Parameters indicated or measured
    • F17C2250/043—Pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
    • F17C2250/04—Indicating or measuring of parameters as input values
    • F17C2250/0404—Parameters indicated or measured
    • F17C2250/043—Pressure
    • F17C2250/0434—Pressure difference
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
    • F17C2250/04—Indicating or measuring of parameters as input values
    • F17C2250/0404—Parameters indicated or measured
    • F17C2250/0443—Flow or movement of content
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
    • F17C2250/06—Controlling or regulating of parameters as output values
    • F17C2250/0605—Parameters
    • F17C2250/0626—Pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
    • F17C2250/06—Controlling or regulating of parameters as output values
    • F17C2250/0605—Parameters
    • F17C2250/0631—Temperature
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
    • F17C2260/02—Improving properties related to fluid or fluid transfer
    • F17C2260/023—Avoiding overheating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
    • F17C2260/02—Improving properties related to fluid or fluid transfer
    • F17C2260/025—Reducing transfer time
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
    • F17C2265/02—Mixing fluids
    • F17C2265/025—Mixing fluids different fluids
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
    • F17C2265/06—Fluid distribution
    • F17C2265/065—Fluid distribution for refueling vehicle fuel tanks
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0165—Applications for fluid transport or storage on the road
    • F17C2270/0168—Applications for fluid transport or storage on the road by vehicles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0165—Applications for fluid transport or storage on the road
    • F17C2270/0184—Fuel cells
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/32—Hydrogen storage

Abstract

The present invention is open a kind of loads method in container (1) and filling apparatus by hydrogen, this container has the first port (2) for hydrogen process and the second port (3) for liquid process, and wherein this second port (3) is separated with this first port (2).In the first stage, by applying pressure to hydraulic fluid, this hydraulic fluid flows in this container (1) through this second port (3), makes the hydraulic fluid in this container (1) produce the hydrostatic pressure with predetermined value.In second stage, by controlling the pressure difference relative to the existing pressure in this container (1), to control hydrogen expander, thus the temperature controlled in this container (1), this hydrogen flows in this container (1) by this first port (2), with to this container (1) filling hydrogen.Therefore, this hydraulic fluid is removed in this container (1) through this second port (3).

Description

Hydrogen is loaded the method in container and filling apparatus
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method loaded by hydrogen in container, this container is such as motor vehicle fuel holding vessel, it has the first port for gas process and the second port for liquid process, wherein this second port is separated with this first port, and particularly this second port is with the large distance of this first port or be separated at a distance.
Background technique
US Patent specification US-B1-6,439,278 disclose the compressed natural gas filling system comprising the in a row elongated cylinder be connected, for compressed natural gas is transported to gas station.One end of each cylinder has independently port, for transmitting compressed natural gas and the hydraulic fluid being not easy to mix with compressed natural gas.Hydraulic fluid ports is included in the pipe leading to the point adjacent with the other end of this cylinder in cylinder from one end.During use, hydraulic fluid is incorporated in cylinder by hydraulic fluid ports under pressure, forces the compressed natural gas in cylinder to flow out cylinder by the gas ports on liquid level.
Patent specification US-A-5,884,675 and DE-C1-19843669, and patent application WO-A1-2009/035311 and DE-A1-102007049458 also discloses and uses hydraulic fluid to force gas to flow out transport box, such as cylinder.
By under high pressure loading in container by gas, this high pressure ratio is as in the scope of 200 to 900 bar, and due to gas compression and gas velocity frictional heating, in pouring process, the pressure increase in container must be more, and the inside temperature of container rises higher.After filling, during container cool to room temperature, the intensification of gas in container causes container inner pressure to decline further.In pouring process, cause can not by container filling to maximum pressure and capacity in the rising of temperature.
Patent application WO2008/074075 and US2003/039554 discloses pressurized gas delivery system, wherein uses hydraulic fluid to carry compressed natural gas between the pressurized container of pressurized gas delivery system.
Japanese patent application 2005-273871 discloses a kind of for the method to the filling hydrogen of holding vessel, described method is realized by following steps, in a first step under a predetermined to holding vessel filling liquid, described predetermined pressure is lower than the desired pressure of the hydrogen in holding vessel to be filled.In second step, hydrogen is pressurized to higher than desired pressure and is reduced to desired pressure subsequently.In the third step, liquid is removed from holding vessel by the pressure difference between hydrogen and liquid, and to make the replacement by being caused by the hydrogen flowed in container, liquid is removed from holding vessel.It will be recognized that in this process, the pressure of hydrogen must higher than the pressure of the hydraulic fluid in container.
The characteristic of hydrogen is, during expansion, the temperature of hydrogen can raise, when such as loading hydrogen to container.This characteristic is called inverse joule thomson effect.Especially, time under high pressure to container filling hydrogen, this high pressure ratio, as 700 bar, produces the limiting factor that heat becomes maximum filling speed or speed, because container may only can use in limited temperature range.Such as, when temperature exceedes the value of about 85 DEG C, the intensity of the container that composite material is made can diminish.
In order to reduce the rising of this temperature, the filling speed of hydrogen can be reduced in practical operation, such as using temperature controlled gas flow control valve.When container filling, the time that flow rate of gas reduces the bad result that causes yes container filling increases.Cooled hydrogen before the solution of other costlinesses is included in and gas introduced container.Strong pre-cold air can cause and connect the freezing problem of oil nozzle.And the temperature of the hydrogen in the vehicle-mounted gas holding vessel of vehicle can not be controlled.The temperature of this hydrogen needs enough low, the filling speed of realizing ideal to make gas storage tank, but when only part is vacated in gas storage filling, the temperature of hydrogen is still low.When filling rear hydrogen temperature raises, the pressure in gas storage tank will raise, and this can cause gas to be flowed out from on-board storage tank by safety valve, thus loses valuable combustion gas.
The desirable filling pressure of container is higher, just needs by gas cooling to lower temperature, with as far as possible fully container filling.Especially for the container filling as vehicle hydrogen fuel holding vessel, very important to the filling hydrogen of gas storage tank as far as possible, must be better this is because gas storage tank is filling, the distance with the vehicle wheeled of fully filling gas storage tank is longer, because gas storage tank does not often need filling, so decrease the energy of midway required for aerating on the whole and save the time, this allows driver feel quite pleased certainly.
Summary of the invention
Therefore, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of method loaded by hydrogen in container, filling speed is improve in filling process, decrease energy loss, and do not need to use cooling system precooling will be filled to hydrogen in container, these all make can in optimal manner by container filling to maximum filling pressure and capacity.
Above-mentioned purpose is achieved by the following method according to the present invention, described method is the method loaded by hydrogen under the predetermined filling pressure of predetermined value in container, this container has for the first port of described hydrogen process and the second port for hydraulic fluid process, described second port is separated with described first port, wherein, by applying pressure, hydraulic fluid is made to flow in described container through described second port, the described hydraulic fluid in described container is made to produce the hydrostatic pressure with described predetermined value, and wherein hydrogen flows in described container through described first port from hydrogen supply container, by controlling the pressure difference relative to pressure existing in described container, hydrogen expander is controlled, thus the temperature in described container is controlled, wherein, hydrogen under predetermined filling pressure described in described hydrogen supply container splendid attire, wherein, be filled in described container with described hydraulic fluid, described hydraulic fluid produces the hydrostatic pressure of the described predetermined filling pressure equaling described hydrogen in the above-described container, wherein, by described hydraulic fluid is removed through described second port the pressure reduced in described container in described container, thus realize described pressure difference, described hydrogen from described hydrogen supply container is filled under described predetermined filling pressure in described container, becomes available space, with under described predetermined filling pressure to hydrogen described in described container filling, the described hydraulic fluid removed in described container is introduced in described hydrogen supply container.
This just means, first, to this container filling hydraulic fluid wanting filling hydrogen, then, hydrogen is introduced in this container through this first port, and hydraulic fluid flows out from this container through this second port simultaneously.
In the method according to the invention, during to this container filling hydrogen, control the temperature of hydrogen in this container and the temperature of this container itself, with enable with desirable filling speed by this container filling to maximum pressure and capacity, the temperature in this container is no more than maximum admissible vessel temp.
Desirable filling speed can be regarded as the filling speed of the container filling using the advanced filling device in prior art field to obtain.Such as, in reality be the filling speed of automotive fuel holding vessel liquefied petroleum gas filling now.In fact, to the time of the hydrogen of filling 5 kilograms of the gas storage tank be arranged in vehicle preferably not more than 5 minutes.Use according to method of the present invention, under the pressure that 700 bar are even higher, the vehicle hydrogen fuel holding vessel of storage of hydrogen can obtain this filling speed.
Preferably, according to the present invention, hydraulic fluid is water, in fact, using hydrogen as gas and using water as hydraulic fluid, both combines, and its advantage is, in a large amount of fuel cell, to need hydrogen of getting wet, and is used as the water of hydraulic fluid and can partly gets wet this hydrogen.After this manner, water and hydrogen are mixed into very important to a certain degree, and wherein, hydrogen partial can dissolve in water, and part water can evaporate, and the thermal characteristics of the method is improved generally.In order to use in fuel cell, water is sufficiently pure, because pollutant deleteriously can affect the work of fuel cell.
In the method according to the invention, the hydrostatic pressure of selected liquid in container equals the predetermined pressure of hydrogen in this container, i.e. so-called filling pressure.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the predetermined pressure of hydrogen is essentially 700 bar.
In the method according to the invention, hydraulic fluid is removed through this second port the pressure reduced in container in this container, thus realizes pressure difference, make hydrogen be filled under existing pressure by removing hydraulic fluid and in container, become available space.The pressure of the hydrogen of this first port does not need the hydrostatic pressure higher than the hydraulic fluid in this container.
When in this container, the hydrostatic pressure of hydraulic fluid equals the desirable filling pressure of hydrogen, the pressure of the hydrogen of answering at the first end confession of this container does not need higher than desirable filling pressure.
Find, method according to the present invention is particularly useful for hydrogen to introduce from gas supply container or buffer container to want in the container of tinning, wherein, by being introduced by hydraulic fluid in the gas supply container of supply of hydrogen, can realize this pressure difference.Its advantage is, is introduced in the gas supply container of supply of hydrogen the hydraulic fluid removed in container.It being understood that and can realize bulking system by this way, it is efficient in use hydraulic fluid.
Hydraulic fluid is required to be the form of liquid in operating temperature range, at such a temperature to container filling hydrogen.In order to use outside, liquid should not become and freezes, and preferably it has low stickiness and low-steam pressure in operating temperature range.Except water, suitable hydraulic fluid can be the oil with low-steam pressure.Obviously, the fluid that should select both can not negative effect container, also can not the filling apparatus that is connected with container of negative effect or the equipment that used as fuel by gas, and this fuel ratio is as being the fuel cell in vehicle.
In the another embodiment of method according to the present invention, introduced in container a certain amount of hydrogen, introduced by hydraulic fluid in this container simultaneously, than the situation by hydrogen and water mixing described above, the amount of hydrogen that wherein time per unit will be introduced is less than predetermined value.
In another embodiment of the present invention, by two ports, hydraulic fluid is introduced in container, can reduce to the time required for this container filling hydraulic fluid.
As mentioned above, method according to the present invention is particularly useful for hydrogen to want in filling container from the introducing of gas supply container, such as in the gas station of the hydrogen fuel holding vessel inflation for installing in vehicle.
Those skilled in the art it being understood that gas supply container also can be made up of the supply container be connected to each other in a large number, and such as it is regarded as being comprised by the term used in specification and claims " gas supply container ".
The invention still further relates to a kind of gas station be arranged in use in container filling hydrogen under the predetermined filling pressure of predetermined value, this container has for the first port of described hydrogen process and the second port for hydraulic fluid process, described second port is separated with described first port, and described gas station comprises:
For the Gas Connector be connected with described first port of described container, and the Liquid connector for being connected with described second port of described container;
The hydrogen supply container of splendid attire hydrogen, described hydrogen supply container has:
Second joint, this second joint is connected with liquid supply department with described Liquid connector by pipeline, for by applying pressure, hydraulic fluid is introduced described container through described second port of container, to make described hydraulic fluid produce the hydrostatic pressure with described predetermined value in the above-described container, and
First joint, this first joint is connected with described Gas Connector by pipeline, for described first port at container, hydrogen is introduced described container, and
Described first joint and described second joint are used for the described hydraulic fluid in described container and hydrogen to exchange, and by the pressure difference of control relative to pressure existing in described container, thus the temperature in hydrogen expander and described container is controlled,
Wherein,
Hydrogen under predetermined filling pressure described in described hydrogen supply container splendid attire,
Described hydrostatic pressure in described container equals the described predetermined filling pressure of described hydrogen,
Described second joint is used for, by making described hydraulic fluid remove in described container through described second port and introducing in described hydrogen supply container, realizing described pressure difference.
In the another embodiment of filling apparatus according to the present invention, this gas supply container and this liquid supply container, in fact contain multiple liquid supply container, can be made up of one or more container be connected to each other.
The invention still further relates to a kind of filling device using container, such as motor vehicle fuel holding vessel, this filling device has the entrance of this filling device and this container, the device that is connected for the first port of hydrogen process and the second port of process for liquid, wherein, in this filling device, this second port is separated with this first port, particularly, in this filling device, this second port is with the large distance of this first port or be separated at a distance, thus, when operating, described second port ends at below described first port in described filling device.
Accompanying drawing explanation
More specifically the present invention is explained based on accompanying drawing, wherein:
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram with the container of the first port and the second port for implementing according to method of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of the first embodiment of the filling apparatus of the container used in the filling Fig. 1 of method according to the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of the second embodiment of the filling apparatus of the container used in the filling Fig. 1 of method according to the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram of the 3rd embodiment of the filling apparatus of the container used in the filling Fig. 1 of method according to the present invention;
Fig. 5 is the schematic diagram of the 4th embodiment of the filling apparatus of the container used in the filling Fig. 1 of method according to the present invention.
Embodiment
In the accompanying drawings, identical parts or the parts with identity function are represented by identical reference character.
In the present specification and claims, term " container " comprises all types of reservoir vessels keeping hydrogen or fluid under a certain pressure in liquid form, and this pressure is different from external pressure.
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of container 1, the hydrogen fuel holding vessel installed in such as vehicle or hydrogen cylinder etc., this container 1 has the first port 2 of supplied gas process and the second port 3 of process for liquid, wherein this second port 3 is separated with this first port 2, in an illustrated embodiment, the large distance of this second port 3 and this first port 2 or be separated at a distance.
As shown in Figure 1, when this container 1 is placed in working position, this second port 3 ends in this container 1, preferably, stops below the end of the first port 2 being positioned at this container 1.These two ports 2,3 do not need to be positioned at the same side of this container 1 or adjacent.Such as these two ports 2,3 can be positioned at both sides or the two ends of this container or can be set to integrated unit, as shown in broken circle in figure 18, in its single port being placed on container or entrance, so that such as method according to the present invention is to the existing container filling gas with single port.
Unit 18 has the device connecting or be installed to the mouth of this container or the suitable of entrance, than those devices s known as technical staff.
First port 2 is connected with pipeline 6 by Gas Connector 4, to supply in requisition for filling hydrogen to container 1.This hydrogen can be supplied by sources of hydrogen, as shown in the arrow 7 in figure.
Second port 3 is connected with pipeline 8 by Liquid connector 5, to be introduced in container 1 by hydraulic fluid.Hydraulic fluid can be supplied by fluid supply, as shown in the arrow 9 in figure.
Even if container 1 is single container, those skilled in the art also it will be appreciated that, want filling container can be made up of some variform containers be connected to each other, such as be arranged on the gas storage tank in vehicle, due to design, what these containers were connected to each other by several usually is formed for the sub-tank storing combustion gas.
Although clearly do not show, the first port 2 and the second port 3 have the device for opening and closing separately port separately, and these devices also can be made up of single valve, or such as form a part for Gas Connector 4 or Liquid connector 5.To those skilled in the art, do not need to make further explanation.
When setting forth of the present invention, supposing what container 1 started as sky, needing filling hydrogen.In a first step, also referred to as pressure establishment stage, by applying pressure to hydraulic fluid, should be incorporated in this container 1 from the hydraulic fluid of fluid supply 9 through the second port, wherein, the first port 2 is closed.To the filling hydraulic fluid of this container 1, the generation of this hydraulic fluid is made to equal the hydrostatic pressure of the predetermined or desired pressure of hydrogen in this container, also referred to as desirable filling pressure in practice.
Usually be stored in container with the filling pressure of about 200 bar by rock gas and other industrial gas, in fact, the hydrogen in vehicle uses the filling pressure of about 350 bar.On the other hand, more advanced vehicle uses the filling pressure had up to 700 bar or much higher value usually.Method according to the present invention is not limited to these similar filling pressures.
After this container 1 is filling liquid, in second stage, the hydrogen from gas source 9 is fed to the first port 2 through pipeline 6 under pressure, with by this hydrogen filling in container 1, liquid wherein in this container 1 and hydrogen exchange, and this is called fluid-gas switching phase.
In the pressure of hydrogen introduced through this first port 2 and this container 1 liquid hydrostatic pressure between necessary difference can realize according to the some different modes of method according to the present invention, to control the expansivity of hydrogen expander to this container 1, and the temperature controlled thus in this container 1 or heat produce.
In the method according to the invention, reduced the pressure in this container 1 by the flow controlling the hydraulic fluid flowed out from container 1 through the second port 3, to realize pressure difference, thus be able in this container 1, become the idle filling hydrogen in space.Liquid flows out in this container 1 by this second port 3 and the pipeline 8 that is connected with this port.
It being understood that the amount of the liquid by controlling time per unit flow container 1 carrys out pilot pressure difference.So, can this pressure difference being remained under predetermined value, for regulating the temperature of the hydrogen expanded in container 1, to prevent this container 1 overheated, and this container 1 being filled to approximately maximum pressure and capacity.After all, too high temperature has disadvantage, as previously explained, and can not fully this container filling.
In the another embodiment of method of the present invention, increased so far by the Hydrogen Vapor Pressure will introduced in container 1 through port 2, the replacement that hydraulic fluid in this container 1 is caused because of the hydrogen flowed in this container 1 and removing from this container 1, the pressure difference between the hydrostatic pressure that can obtain hydraulic fluid in the pressure of the hydrogen supplied through the first port 2 and this container 1.
Fig. 2 is to the schematic diagram according to the filling apparatus in the container 1 in Fig. 1 of the first embodiment of the present invention by hydrogen filling.
In this embodiment, use the hydrogen supply container 10 with first end and the second end, this first end is connected to the first port 2 of container 1 by the joint 12 being connected to pipeline 6, this second end is positioned at this first end opposition side, is connected to the second port 3 of this container 1 by the joint 13 being connected to pipeline 8.Although clearly do not show, this joint 12 and 13 comprises the device for opening and closing each joint 12,13, and these devices are as known to those of skill in the art would.
In order to according to method of the present invention by hydrogen filling in container 1, in the first stage, with pump 11, the liquid from fluid supply 9 is incorporated in this container 1 through the second port 3, until reach the maximum desired filling pressure of hydrogen in this container 1, as above based on as described in Fig. 1.Joint 13 pairs of hydrogen supply containers 10 keep closing.
Subsequently, the hydrogen from this hydrogen supply container 10 is introduced in container 1 through pipeline 6 and the first port 2, and wherein by opening this joint 13, liquid flows into this hydrogen supply container 10 from this container 1 through this pipeline 6.
There is no gas source or except having gas source, hydrogen also can be incorporated in container 1 from hydrogen supply container 10.For this reason, after the filling liquid of this container 1, open the joint 12 of this hydrogen supply container 10 to pipeline 6, make hydrogen flow in this container 1 through the first port 2 from this hydrogen supply container 10, wherein the liquid of this container 1 splendid attire flows in this hydrogen supply container 10 through pipeline 8 and the joint 13 opened.Like this, in this hydrogen supply container 10, the pressure of hydrogen can equal to want the hydrostatic pressure in filling container 1.
To in the amendment of this embodiment, this container 1 and this hydrogen supply container 10 are positioned at a device, wherein, the liquid level of the hydraulic fluid in this hydrogen supply container 10 is lower than the face of the second port 3 of this container 1, to make the hydraulic fluid in this container 1 be transported in this hydrogen supply container 10, thus the filling speed of hydrogen is determined by the face of the second port 3 in this container 1 and the height difference of the liquid level of hydraulic fluid in this hydrogen supply container 10.
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of filling apparatus according to a second embodiment of the present invention, wherein, except the embodiment shown in Fig. 2, liquid can inject in pipeline 8 through pipeline 14 and 16 by pump 11, loaded by hydrogen in the process of container 1, the liquid flowed out in this container 1 can inject in hydrogen supply container 10 through pipeline 8, pipeline 15, pipeline 14 and joint 13 by this pump 11.It being understood that pipeline 14,15 and 16 has the device opening and closing this each pipeline, wherein clearly do not show these devices in Fig. 3, but they are known by those skilled in the art.
With this pump 11, the liquid flowed out in this container 1 is injected in this hydrogen supply container 10, increase the pressure of the hydrogen of institute's splendid attire in this hydrogen supply container 10 thus.For this embodiment, can determine not use single gas source 7, to make this filling apparatus be especially suitable for gas station, the hydrogen wherein for container filling 1 is present in container, and these containers have the function same with single gas source 7.
Although the filling apparatus of Fig. 3 is operated by single pump 11, those skilled in the art be it is evident that, several pump can be used in liquid injecting container 1 and injected in hydrogen supply container 10 by liquid.
As shown in Figure 4, in the 3rd embodiment of filling apparatus, pressurized machine 17 is arranged between the joint 12 of hydrogen supply container 10 and pipeline 6, make the second stage in fill operations, the pressure difference can realized ideal between the pressure of the liquid in the gas at the first port 2 place of the container 1 provided at this hydrogen supply container 10 and this container 1.
In this embodiment, also liquid can be injected in this hydrogen supply container 10 from fluid supply 8 with this pump 11, to increase the pressure in this hydrogen supply container 10, with to the filling hydrogen of this container 1, its favourable part is to can be used as gas supply container, and wherein the initial pressure of gas is less than the desirable filling pressure that will obtain in this container 1.By using some supply containers be connected, one or more container that liquid is housed, namely so-called liquid supply container, can be used as fluid supply 9.
The embodiment of Fig. 4 is also applicable to the filling apparatus using less hydrogen supply container 10, wherein in the beginning of fill operations second stage, when the liquid in container 1 and hydrogen exchange, the pressure of the hydrogen in initial hydrogen supply container 10 can decline fast, then, by being injected by liquid in this hydrogen supply container 10, the decline of pressure can be cancelled, when making this container 1 filling, the pressure in this hydrogen supply container 10 can be increased.If necessary, can determine this hydrogen supply container 10 joint 12 and lead to this container 1 the first port 2 pipeline 6 between do not use pressurized machine 17.
In the 4th embodiment of filling apparatus according to the present invention, as shown in Figure 5, use some hydrogen supply container 10a, 10b, 10c, each container has respective joint 12a, 12b, 12c, for being connected to the pipeline 6 of the first port 2 leading to container 1, and there is respective joint 13a, 13b, 13c, for being connected to the pipeline 8 of the second port 3 leading to container 1.This joint 13a, 13b, 13c are installed, so that pump 17 and between hydrogen supply container 10a, 10b, 10c and container 1 and realize between hydrogen supply container 10a, 10b, 10c each connect, like this, such as, liquid from fluid supply 9 just injects one of them of this hydrogen supply container 10a, 10b, 10c, meanwhile, liquid can flow in different hydrogen supply container 10a, 10b, 10c from container 1.In addition, although do not show, each joint 12a, 12b, 12c, 13a, 13b, 13c are applicable to comprising the well-known equipment for opening and closing joint.
Some hydrogen supply container 10a, 10b, 10c be connected to each other are used to allow such as liquid to be injected one of them of this hydrogen supply container 10a, 10b, 10c, with abundant container filling from fluid supply 9.By liquid is provided to this hydrogen supply container 10a, 10b, 10c from the container that liquid is housed, can reach and hydrogen is loaded pressure required in container 1, this hydrogen flows in this container 1 from this hydrogen supply container, to realize hydrogen being loaded pressure difference required in container 1.When it being understood that the multiple container of use, conceptual design can be become extracting liquid between some containers, and when container 1 filling hydrogen, in one or more container, collect the liquid flowed out in calm device 1.
As shown in Figure 5, in the embodiment of filling apparatus according to the present invention, by guiding liquid to enter container 1 through the first port 2 and the second port 3, the time inserted the liquid into required for container 1 can be reduced.Obviously, the first port 2 is installed and connector 4 is exactly for this object.
Except the shown and embodiment that describes above, in the container 1 wanting filling hydrogen, also can construct heat exchanger, to obtain the heat that hydrogen in pouring process produces, and this heat is delivered to the external environment condition of container 1.Obviously, also heat exchanger can be set outside container 1, so that obtained heat is delivered to the external environment condition of container 1 and/or is used for hydrogen to load the hydraulic fluid of container 1 by this external heat exchanger.
In fact, use according to method of the present invention, marginal pressure difference is enough to realize the desirable filling speed of container and/or filling time, and this container is such as the hydrogen fuel holding vessel of commerial vehicle.
It being understood that and be also applicable to fillingly thoroughly do not empty and comprise the container of hydrogen leftovers according to method of the present invention.When hydraulic fluid being introduced in the container wanting filling hydrogen, must be noted that to prevent from the leftovers of hydrogen not being compressed too fast, to such an extent as to producing unwanted heat.Obviously, container that can be filling hydrogen leftovers remove from this container, be such as collected in supply container, then, empty can filling liquid as mentioned above.By the amount of hydrogen removed in measuring vessel, by considering that this measured amount is to determine the amount of the hydrogen effectively transmitted in container 1.
Those skilled in the art can conceive to described according to of the present invention for hydrogen being loaded filling apparatus in container and container carries out multiple change and interpolation, these changes and interpolation are contemplated as falling with in claims.

Claims (10)

1. hydrogen is loaded the method in container by one kind under the predetermined filling pressure of predetermined value, this container has for the first port of described hydrogen process and the second port for hydraulic fluid process, described second port is separated with described first port, wherein, by applying pressure, hydraulic fluid is made to flow in described container through described second port, the described hydraulic fluid in described container is made to produce the hydrostatic pressure with described predetermined value, and wherein hydrogen flows in described container through described first port from hydrogen supply container, by controlling the pressure difference relative to pressure existing in described container, hydrogen expander is controlled, thus the temperature in described container is controlled, it is characterized in that, hydrogen under predetermined filling pressure described in described hydrogen supply container splendid attire, wherein, be filled in described container with described hydraulic fluid, described hydraulic fluid produces the hydrostatic pressure of the described predetermined filling pressure equaling described hydrogen in the above-described container, wherein, by described hydraulic fluid is removed through described second port the pressure reduced in described container in described container, thus realize described pressure difference, described hydrogen from described hydrogen supply container is filled under described predetermined filling pressure in described container, becomes available space, with under described predetermined filling pressure to hydrogen described in described container filling, the described hydraulic fluid removed in described container is introduced in described hydrogen supply container.
2. method according to claim 1, the described predetermined filling pressure of wherein said hydrogen is 700 bar.
3. the method according to any one of claim 1-2, wherein said hydraulic fluid has low stickiness and low-steam pressure, and is the form of liquid in the scope of operating temperature.
4. the method according to any one of claim 1-2, wherein said hydraulic fluid is water.
5. the method according to any one of claim 1-2, the described hydrogen wherein will introduced in described container is introduced in described container with the speed being less than predetermined value.
6. the method according to any one of claim 1-2, wherein injects described hydraulic fluid in described hydrogen supply container.
7. the method according to any one of claim 1-2, wherein introduces described hydraulic fluid in described container through described first port and described second port two ports.
8. the method according to any one of claim 1-2, wherein said container is the hydrogen fuel holding vessel be arranged in vehicle.
9. one kind is arranged in use in the gas station to container filling hydrogen under the predetermined filling pressure of predetermined value, this container has for the first port of described hydrogen process and the second port for hydraulic fluid process, described second port is separated with described first port, and described gas station comprises:
For the Gas Connector be connected with described first port of described container, and the Liquid connector for being connected with described second port of described container;
The hydrogen supply container of splendid attire hydrogen, described hydrogen supply container has:
Second joint, this second joint is connected with liquid supply department with described Liquid connector by pipeline, for by applying pressure, hydraulic fluid is introduced described container through described second port of container, to make described hydraulic fluid produce the hydrostatic pressure with described predetermined value in the above-described container, and
First joint, this first joint is connected with described Gas Connector by pipeline, for described first port at container, hydrogen is introduced described container, and
Described first joint and described second joint are used for the described hydraulic fluid in described container and hydrogen to exchange, and by the pressure difference of control relative to pressure existing in described container, thus the temperature in hydrogen expander and described container is controlled,
It is characterized in that,
Hydrogen under predetermined filling pressure described in described hydrogen supply container splendid attire,
Described hydrostatic pressure in described container equals the described predetermined filling pressure of described hydrogen,
Described second joint is used for, by making described hydraulic fluid remove in described container through described second port and introducing in described hydrogen supply container, realizing described pressure difference.
10. gas station according to claim 9, wherein said hydrogen supply container is made up of the supply container be connected to each other in a large number.
CN201080026062.XA 2009-06-10 2010-06-09 Hydrogen is loaded the method in container and filling apparatus Expired - Fee Related CN102803817B (en)

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PCT/NL2010/050351 WO2010143951A1 (en) 2009-06-10 2010-06-09 Method and filling installation for filling a hydrogen gas into a vessel

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US20150285440A1 (en) 2015-10-08
US9074729B2 (en) 2015-07-07

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