CN102803440A

CN102803440A - Device for continuously operating pyrolysis reactor

Info

Publication number: CN102803440A
Application number: CN2010800269554A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 拉斯·约翰森
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2009-06-16
Filing date: 2010-06-08
Publication date: 2012-11-28
Also published as: EP2443392A1; WO2010147537A1; CN102803851A; EP2443215A1; WO2010147538A1

Abstract

The present invention relates to a device for excluding and preventing oxygen or any gas mixture containing oxygen gas, such as air, into the interior or the reactor in a pyrolysis reactor which is intended for continuous operation, which reactor comprises a feed-in device (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8), a pyrolysis reactor (9) with a feed or conveyor belt (11 ) and means (21, 17, 19) for handling products of segregation, gas, slag, oil condensate and residual products produced by the pyrolysis. The device has a scrubber or a liquid lock connected to the reactor for the gas released during pyrolysis, which scrubber or liquid lock is linked to the means (21 ) immediately after the reactor but before at least one gas evacuation pump which is arranged to generate a gas pressure in the pyrolysis reactor (9) which corresponds to an atmospheric pressure surrounding the pyrolysis reactor (9).

Description

The device that is used for the operate continuously pyrolysis reactor

Technical field

Any gaseous mixture (for example air) that the present invention relates to be used to get rid of and prevent oxygen or comprise oxygen flows into the device of the inside reactor of pyrolysis reactor, and it is designed to operate continuously.The device that reactor drum comprises the device that is used to remove the gas that during pyrolytic process, discharges and removes surplus products (for example oily surplus products and residue).

Background technology

The producer gas generator that is used to isolate combustible matl is well-known phenomenon, especially with before the form used and for example they still are used for some factory and produce domestic gas.Its key concept is identical, and the anaerobism that promptly increases temperature is isolated, and handles gas and the surplus products that discharge.Yet situation is to confirm from detailed investigation so far, and nobody successfully produces the pyrolysis reactor of in fact operate continuously up to now.For this unluckily situation, air or oxygen free gas not inadvertently contact with standing the pyrolytic material, and this causes on fire from explosion inevitably.The textbook physics on basis has instructed burning (saying: catch fire) to need three conditions that satisfy more commonly: at first near combustible matl, next reaches the ignition temperature of combustible matl, and the 3rd has the oxygen free gas of requirement.Then, what carries out at pyrolysis reactor or producer gas generator? Answer is that condition is necessary for Anaerobic processes generation, the process that all incendiary conditions exist except feeding oxygen free gas more accurately.Successfully produce the producer gas generator of continuous pyrolysis combustible matl because have no talent; The design of having worked up to now is characterised in that they must batchwise operation; Promptly; But pyrolysis reactor loads one group of pyrolytic material, but this group pyrolytic material under oxygen free condition, be heated simultaneously then, the gas that discharges during this process is processed.During pyrolytic process, pyrolysis reactor airtightly seals with the contained explosion process fully.After this residuum that the cooling that require to prolong drops to the temperature in the producer gas generator to keep after the pyrolysis unautogenous level of lighting when oxygen free gas gets into when pyrolysis reactor is opened.Good especially process that this is not (once neither) is especially because it comprises and loading, the relevant a large amount of processing of heating and cooling.Energy efficiency neither be good.

Summary of the invention

Therefore free-revving engine of the present invention is to propose a kind of device; Utilize this device of continuous manipulation reactor requirement; Guaranteed that free or affined oxygen get into pyrolysis reactor without device; It at first is used to the gas that the process of removing discharges, and next is used to remove residue and the surplus material product and the milkstone of release, and the 3rd discharges oily surplus products.

This purpose is realized by device according to the present invention; It is for gas, residue, surplus products; Milkstone and oily surplus products have at least one washer that is connected to reactor drum or water receptacle (lock); It partly is connected for gas before at least one off-gas pump, off-gas pump then be arranged to keep the air pressure in the pyrolysis reactor, and it is corresponding to the barometric point around the pyrolysis reactor.Because gas and other discharge units are discharged through liquid (for example water), and because gaseous tension greater than or be substantially equal to environment atmospheric pressure, all conditions that allows free or affined oxygen to flow into pyrolysis chamber back is eliminated.

In the embodiment of further exploitation of the present invention, the corresponding liquid container has tap and is used to discharge the gas milkstone that produces at the above certain level of respective liquid container bottom place.

Therefore this has prevented that fluid container from filling up its width and no longer operate with the expectation mode.

According to the embodiment that another is further developed of the present invention, during pyrolytic process, isolate the every other product that discharges relatively and all have their isolated location with anaerobism.The isolated location that is used for residue comprises ISD and is arranged in oxygen and air impervious fluid container thereafter; This ISD exports the skewed slot feeding through ducted screw conveyer device from being correlated with; According to the degree of its filling, through the screw conveyer device of arranging in ISD at substantial horizontal, ISD is used for intermittently discharging; From the fluid container bottom, the screw conveyer device that immerses in the liquid rotates process so that all residues are discharged in the peripheral region at the one of which end.In this arranges, do not have air or other oxygen compounds to have an opportunity to get into from behind the pyrolysis chamber and cause (following blast in this case probably) on fire at this place.

According to the embodiment that another is further developed of the present invention; The isolated location that is designed for oily milkstone and other surplus products has the discharging skewed slot; It is arranged in pyrolysis reactor bottom; The mixture that wherein substantially horizontal screw conveyer device is positioned to transmit these products is to ISD; Have further substantially horizontal screw conveyer device in its bottom and be used for the intermittent transfer mixture, discharge product to the peripheral region but this container has shut-off valve to oxygen and aeroseal fluid container.Because the amount of oily milkstone and other surplus products is less; This system of emptying does not have operate continuously to be asked to; But because it still must handle, even this special treatment device is developed and made and guaranteed both not had air also not have other oxygen compounds during pyrolysis, can get into pyrolysis reactor in this case.

In the embodiment of further exploitation of the present invention; The discharge point that is used for residue comprises the first screw conveyer device; Its decline pipeline of in fluid container, falling under fluid surface next door opening; Wherein have the forwarder screw rod, its part immerses and is used for discharging the residual product that becomes wet in liquid to the jar of regional opening towards periphery.

Because residue has constituted (it mainly comprises carbon black) major part of composition, the material that wherein is introduced into the pyrolysis chamber is isolated during this process, and device that can operate continuously is required and is used for this part.For this purpose; Although part immerses liquid and screw rod that therefore be inclined relative to horizontal assembling has guaranteed that in fact process is a successive, under fluid surface, never allow the backflow of free or affined oxygen with the slow rotary screw of the preferably speed rotation of 40 to 45 rpm.

Description of drawings

To the present invention be described in more detail on the basis of preferred exemplary embodiment shown in the drawings below, in the accompanying drawing:

Fig. 1 has schematically shown the sectional view that passes pyrolysis reactor from its sidepiece,

Same reactor drum shown in Figure 1 above Fig. 2 has schematically shown,

Fig. 3 with pyrolysis reactor vertically on synoptic diagram illustrate in greater detail the device of discharging residue at the other end of reactor drum, and

Fig. 4 illustrates in greater detail assessment from the device with surplus material that hangs or liquid portion with sectional view.

Embodiment

Fig. 1 has schematically shown the pyrolysis reactor 100 that is used for operate continuously.It should be noted that whole reactor 100 is compatibly to arrange to the pitch angle of approximate 5 degree of horizontal plane.Supply side place at reactor drum has feeding bucket 1, material in the feeding bucket (for example segmental doughnut) feeding downwards.At at feeding bucket 1 has the feed screw device 3 that is driven by motor 2, and this device advances segmental material with the inclination of 10 to 20 degree.Around feed screw, have the sleeve pipe of preheating 5 and be used for material is heated to than 100 degrees centigrade low, thereby at first make any aqueous vapor that comprises the oxygen that is tied make that from discharging and secondly softening this material it can be compacted more easily here.Have the nozzle (not shown) in the upper end of feed screw device 3 and be used to supply with nitrogen, because nitrogen is all lighter than air and oxygen, its inclination owing to device 3 is positioned on oxygen or the air, makes it will discharge any oxygen or air that feeding bucket 1 place exists.Except being used for the said nozzle of nitrogen, be connected to the upper end of feed screw device 3 by the further feed screw device 6 (being utilized in the driven duplex 7 of identical sense of rotation, still lower) of at least one motor 4 driving than feed screw device 3 speed.One end 8 of feed screw device 6 is connected ground to be arranged, makes its tight seal in case the ambient air of some distance gets into chamber of the reactor 9, is furnished with chamber lid 10 in its end, and it can be operated between off-position and open position.The function of chamber lid 9 is the foundation that enables the initial briquetting of process material when starting the continuous pyrolysis process, and all oxygen can be discharged from the chamber lid and made it to be fed screw device 3 and 6 in the above described manner respectively outwards to be driven into the feeding bag.After the feed screw device 6 is chamber of the reactor 9, falls on the travelling belt 11 of slow motion at its bottom briquetting.Smoothing plough piece 12 is arranged in the initial portion with 11, presses material thereby on being with, distribute equably.During successive processes, remained in the chamber 9 about 3 minutes by the pyrolytic fragment, its middle chamber keeps about 550 degrees centigrade constant basically temperature in hot-zone 13.In the top 14 of hot-zone 13, have heating unit 15, be preferably an electric heating element of ir radiation type, because the heat of supplying with is emission types, Here it is, and why 13 respective end places divide boundaries by shielding 16 in the hot-zone in hot-zone 13.Shielding is mainly used in the hot driving of concentrating in 13 zones, hot-zone that are used for this purpose.After passage through district 13; There is the remainder that is used for the pyrolytic material; It mainly comprises carbon black; Carbon black drops to the forwarder screw rod 18 of the outlet conduit 17 that is arranged in the ISD (not shown) that is used for being sent to sealing oxygen at conveyor belt ends, and this ISD is cleared under the situation of needs immediately.

Be used for some ratio of pyrolytic material will be inevitably with undesirable mode work and will be with 11 next doors to fall, perhaps will be attached to it on and will therefore possibly spontaneously fall, simultaneously material location below being with in the stage of back.According to the position of this generation, generation to be it handle and drop out on the pipeline 17 as carbon black with mode of estimating, perhaps its form with surplus material is fallen with below 11.For this event most probably; Further forwarder screw rod 18 is disposed in chamber of the reactor 9 bottoms; This material of this screw rod feeding and any liquid portion are to the outlet 19 that is arranged in chamber of the reactor 9 supply side places; The ISD of feed screw 20 from this material of chamber of the reactor's 9 feedings to sealing oxygen, it empties under the situation of needs as above-mentioned ISD immediately.

Fig. 2 shows pyrolysis reactor 100, and it is from seeing rather than image pattern 1 that kind is looked sideways from one of which.Beginning from the left side, show the motor 2 that is used for feed screw device 3, is feeding bucket 1 afterwards, is by preheating the feed screw device 3 that sleeve pipe 5 centers on then.Device 3 is connected to feed screw device 6, and it transfers near the chamber of the reactor 9 the exit end that installs 6 is connected to chamber lid 10.What be connected to chamber of the reactor at first is gas outlet tube 21; The gas that is discharged by pyrolytic process is processed via gas outlet tube; Next is that the outlet conduit 17, the three that is used for carbon black etc. is the outlet conduits 19 that are used for surplus material and liquid portion according to above-described.Pipeline 17 and 19, and manage 21 and have the ISD function, its requirement irregularly empties.This occurs under the situation of not giving the meeting of oxygen or air engine certainly, gets into and distribution process in the pyrolysis chamber through the back door in other words.

Fig. 3 illustrates in greater detail the device of discharging residue at the reactor drum far-end with the synoptic diagram on the longitudinal direction of pyrolysis reactor 100.Following doff 23 has its upper shed 22 and is designed to collect all material in the end of travelling belt 11, except passing through chamber of the reactor and consisting essentially of the little remainder of sooty.Have screw conveyer device 24 in the following bottom of doff 23, it is designed to feeding and drops to material in the axle to ISD 25.Because the amount of material is little, before ISD had exceeded the degree that this needs are cleared, pyrolysis reactor 100 can be operated considerable time (in hour).In other words, this empty after anti-interference device (with Reference numeral 26 marks) receives signal, take place and after execution.Have another screw conveyer device (with Reference numeral 27 marks) in the bottom of ISD 25, its content with ISD is fed into liquid tank, is preferably water receptacle, content from middle storer fall into water receptacle and its bottom 29 the deposition.Have in the bottom of water receptacle 28 further and in this outlet and have final screw conveyer device 30, it is from the assembling that is inclined upwardly of its supply side.Because this inclination device, screw conveyer device 30 becomes the part of water receptacle 28, and will only solid material outwards be sent to the device that is suitable for this purpose at forwarder 30 the other ends, is used for further the part that constitutes above-mentioned result being handled.

At last, Fig. 4 shows the sectional view of device, and it is used for surplus material that falls from band and the possible liquid portion that comprises enriched oil are discharged to be used for further processing.Outlet 19 this figure be known as that drop chute 31 combines and on some degree the other end at pyrolysis chamber 100 be the prototype of time doff 23; It also comprises " cut " 32; Said oil falls or gets into drop chute 31 downwards from this cut because the pyrolysis chamber is towards the inclination a little of problematic end, wherein skewed slot they with unplanned from mixing with 11 surplus products that fall; Outwards be sent to ISD 33 as stated, and through screw conveyer device 20.

The further screw conveyer device 35 of ISD 33 (it can comprise any hydraulic seal and enough big jar) in its bottom through horizontal arrangement is flushed into fluid container 36.This fluid container 36 is used for being used for the valve 37 of this purpose and intermittently emptying through opening and closing, and the material from this container conduit feeding from its discharge is used to forward surplus material with further use or recovery to jar 38.

It is downward-sloping towards supply side that layout is used for the pyrolysis reactor 100 of operate continuously.Feeding bucket 1 is to be wide enough so that operate continuously can be kept and has no practical problems.Motor 2 is that this type makes its speed to change, thereby can be guaranteed under all conditions towards effective compression of duplex 7, and no matter be fed into material type wherein.For effective compression, and discharge from being used for the pyrolytic material in order to ensure all moisture, this material covers the pre-heating temperature that 10 fronts should reach 120 degrees centigrade in the chamber of the hot-zone 13 of chamber of the reactor 9.Chamber lid 10 is the springs that are loaded into open position, as long as but the ducted oxygen detection device of the forwarder (not shown) indication that is arranged in feed screw device 6 has oxygen in the compression zone of pipeline or hot-zone 13 will be kept shut by the lock (not shown).Whether this oxygen detection device also supplies with nitrogen through the computingmachine and the related software control that are suitable for this purpose.For example, if break down at arbitrary motor 2,4 of feed screw device, all feedings and heating unit 15 are closed, and it also is like this having the chamber lid 10 that uses the active control device (not shown) of arranging on the estimation.Under this condition, suitable is keeps nitrogen atmosphere and has descended to such an extent that enough make and no longer include risk on fire being used for the pyrolytic material up to wherein temperature in feed screw pipeline and chamber of the reactor 9.Temperature in the hot-zone 13 (it is through keeping at the heating unit of its top assembling) is through the software control in temperature control equipment and the computingmachine; Make to remain on about 550 degrees centigrade+/-5 degrees centigrade, owing to accomplish exhausts supply and materials through 12 smoothings of plough piece during through overheated zone 13 as far as possible at it like this.

The present invention should not be considered to limited by this description of its preferred embodiment, but only should think and limited by accompanying claims.

Claims

1. a device that is used for the operate continuously pyrolysis reactor utilizes the said device that is used for the operate continuously pyrolysis reactor, gets rid of or has prevented oxygen or comprised any gaseous mixture of oxygen, for example air; Flow into the inside of said reactor drum, said reactor drum comprises feeding device (1,2,3; 4,5,6,7; 8), have the pyrolysis reactor (9) of propelling or travelling belt (11), and the device (21,17 that is used to handle isolated product; 19), said isolated product for example is the residue that pyrolysis produces, oily milkstone and surplus products; It is characterized in that for the gas that is used for discharging during the pyrolysis, the said device that is used for the operate continuously pyrolysis reactor has washer or fluid container; It is connected to said reactor drum, and said washer or fluid container were connected to the device (21) after following reactor drum closely before at least one off-gas pump, and said off-gas pump is arranged to keep the air pressure in the said pyrolysis reactor (9) corresponding to said pyrolysis reactor (9) barometric point on every side.

2. device as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, said water receptacle comprises that tap is with the gas milkstone of guiding at above certain level place, said fluid container bottom.

3. device as claimed in claim 1; It is characterized in that; During pyrolytic process, isolate the every other product that discharges relatively and all have their isolated location with anaerobism; Wherein in order to be used for residue, said isolated location comprises ISD and is arranged in oxygen and air impervious fluid container thereafter, and said ISD is through the relevant outlet skewed slot feeding of ducted screw conveyer device from the said pyrolysis reactor; Wherein said ISD is according to the degree of its filling; Through the screw conveyer device, intermittently empty the fluid container of arranging in said ISD at substantial horizontal, the screw conveyer device that immerses in the liquid extends with all residues of feeding to the peripheral region from said fluid container bottom.

4. device as claimed in claim 3; It is characterized in that; The isolated location that is designed for oily milkstone and other surplus products comprises the discharging skewed slot; Said discharging skewed slot is arranged in said pyrolysis reactor bottom; Wherein substantially horizontal screw conveyer device is provided for the mixture of these products of transmission to ISD, has further substantially horizontal screw conveyer device to be used for the intermittent transfer mixture to oxygen and aeroseal fluid container in its bottom, discharges product to the peripheral region but this container has shut-off valve.

5. device as claimed in claim 3; It is characterized in that; The discharge point that is used for residue comprises the first screw conveyer device, and it is fallen under the fluid surface of said decline pipeline in fluid container near the decline pipeline tapping; Wherein have the forwarder screw rod, its part immerses and is used for discharging the residual product that becomes wet in liquid to the jar of regional opening towards periphery.