CN102797152A - Aramid fiber surface modification method - Google Patents
Aramid fiber surface modification method Download PDFInfo
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- CN102797152A CN102797152A CN2012102900551A CN201210290055A CN102797152A CN 102797152 A CN102797152 A CN 102797152A CN 2012102900551 A CN2012102900551 A CN 2012102900551A CN 201210290055 A CN201210290055 A CN 201210290055A CN 102797152 A CN102797152 A CN 102797152A
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Abstract
Belonging to the field of chemical fiber production, the invention relates to an aramid fiber surface modification method. The method provided in the invention consists of: preparation of a surface modification treating agent, coating of the surface treatment agent, and drying treatment. For the surface modification treating agent in the surface modification treating agent preparation, a fluorocarbon silane coupling agent with the following molecular structure is adopted and dissolved in an organic solvent for direct use, or a fluorocarbon active agent is adopted and emulsified as well as dispersed in water for direct use. After being treated by the surface modification method provided in the invention, the aramid fiber is soft and dispersive, its characters and quality are stable. Also the fiber surface polarity is enhanced, and the interfacial properties of an aramid fiber and epoxy resin matrix are improved. The interlaminar shear strength of a modified aramid fiber/epoxy composite material can reach 50-58MPa.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of surface modifying method, specifically, the present invention relates to a kind of surface modifying method of aramid fiber, belong to the production of chemical fibre field.
Background technology
The aramid fiber full name is " PPTA "; English is Aramid fiber (commodity of E.I.Du Pont Company are called Kevlar), is a kind of novel high-tech synthetic fiber, has superhigh intensity, high-modulus and high temperature resistant, acid-fast alkali-proof, premium properties such as in light weight; Its intensity is 5～6 times of steel wire; Modulus is steel wire or glass fibre 2～3 times, and toughness is 2 times of steel wire, and weight is merely about 1/5 of steel wire.It has good insulation performance property and ageing resistace, has very long life cycle.The discovery of aramid fiber is considered to very important historical progress of material circle.
Aramid IIII fiber is similar to Muscovite APMOC fiber, by paraphthaloyl chloride, and p-phenylenediamine (PPD), three kinds of monomer copolymerizations of 5 (6)-amidos-2-(4-aminocarbonyl phenyl) benzimidazole form.The TENSILE STRENGTH of this fiber and stretch modulus exceed 38% and 20% than the Kevlar49 fiber of E.I.Du Pont Company respectively.The aramid IIII fiber reinforced composite is widely used in fields such as defence and military, Aero-Space, telecommunications, communications and transportation, civil construction, rubber, Leisure Sport.
Aramid fiber surface lacks chemical active radical; The fiber surface wettability is relatively poor, so fiber surface can be low, its when forming composite and the bond properties of resin matrix relatively poor; The high-strength and high-modulus characteristic of aramid fiber can not be brought into play fully, influence the mechanical property of aramid fiber reinforced composite.So need aramid fiber is carried out surface modification treatment, improve the adhesive property between fiber and resin matrix interface, the stress of composite inner can evenly be transmitted, to satisfy the demand of high-performance composite materials.
The patent of invention of application number 200710142324.9 discloses a kind of method, fibre and purposes of fiber surface modification; With the acrylic amide material; Persulfuric acid salt or azo type free base initator are dissolved in and are prepared into surface conditioning agent in the water; Be coated on fiber or fabric face then, bring out initator generation free radical through heating and make the acrylic amide material aggregate into polymer deposition, the surface polarity of increased fiber at fiber surface.This method of modifying will cause polyacrylamide polymers to be deposited on the dryer roll surface in actual production, and can be cumulative, finally influences the performance of fiber, will make the fiber can't ordinary production when serious.
Patent No. ZL01112966.2 discloses a kind of method that adopts silane coupler to handle glass fibre.Experiment showed, that this method is obvious to the glass fibre effect, but when being used to handle aramid fiber, can not fortifying fibre and the interface performance of epoxy resin-base.
Application number 200680015871.4 discloses a kind of fluorine-containing siliceous polymer, and this polymer has the hydrophobic oleophobic performance, and this surface conditioning agent is applicable to textiles, like fabric etc.But the finishing agent of this hydrophobic oleophobic performance also is not suitable for the surface modification of aramid fiber, and the preparation of this finish is complicated, and production cost is also high.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is intended to solve the problem that fiber surface modification treatment process of the prior art is inappropriate for the aramid fiber surface modification treatment; A kind of online surface modifying treatment of operating walk away safety is provided; Make that the aramid fiber softness that obtains is at last disperseed, the proterties steady quality, and improved the surface polarity of fiber.
For realizing above-mentioned purpose, the technical scheme that the present invention adopts is following:
A kind of surface modifying method of aramid fiber comprises it is characterized in that preparation, coating surface finishing agent, the dried of surface modification treatment agent: being formulated as of described surface modification treatment agent:
Described surface modification treatment agent is adopted the fluorine carbon silane coupler of following molecular structural formula to be dissolved in the organic solvent and is directly used, and perhaps adopts fluorine carbon activating agent that its emulsification is dispersed in directly use of back in the water:
In the formula, n=1～10, R
1, R
2, R
3Be alkyl group.
Above-mentioned fluorine carbon silane coupler is dissolved in perhaps adopts fluorine carbon activating agent that its emulsification is dispersed in directly use of back in the water in the organic solvent, wherein the method for dissolving and emulsification dispersion is this area routine techniques means.
Alkyl group of the present invention is CH
3-, CH
3CH
2-, CH
3CH
2CH
2-, (CH
3)
2CH-, CH
3CH
2CH
2CH
2-, (CH
3)
2CHCH
2-, (CH
3)
3C-, CH
3CH
2CH
2CH
2CH
2-, (CH
3)
2CHCH
2CH
2-, CH
3CH
2CH (CH
3) CH
2-perhaps (CH
3)
3CCH
2-.
Above-mentioned R
1, R
2, R
3Can be all inequality, also can be all identical, can also be wherein two identical.
Coating surface finishing agent of the present invention is specially: after the surface conditioning agent preparation is accomplished, place oiling machine, the aramid fiber of on online submergence production line under the conveying of constant pressure pump, advancing evenly is coated on aramid fiber surface.
Above-mentioned aramid fiber gait of march is controlled to be 8～20m/min.
Dried of the present invention is specially: the aramid fiber that will apply surface conditioning agent is dry under the condition of ingress of air; Surface conditioning agent and aramid fiber surface react; Reactant grafts on aramid fiber surface, reaches the purpose of modification of aramid fiber.
Above-mentioned dried adopts electrical heating or Steam Heating cylindrical drier, and baking temperature is 80～120 ℃, and be 1～4min drying time.
The organic solvent that fluorine carbon silane coupler of the present invention is dissolved in directly using in the organic solvent is a kind of polar solvent, and the mass concentration of fluorine carbon silane coupler in solvent is 0.5～10%.
Above-mentioned polar solvent is ethanol, normal propyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, n-butanol, isobutanol, acetone, butanone or 1, the 4-dioxane.
Fluorine carbon activating agent in directly using after fluorine carbon silane coupler of the present invention adopts fluorine carbon activating agent to be dispersed in its emulsification in the water is fluoroalkyl ethyoxyl ether alcohol; The concentration of fluorine carbon silane coupler in aqueous solvent is 0.5～10%, and the concentration of fluorocarbon surfactant is 100～5000ppm.
The useful technique effect that the present invention brings:
1, aramid fiber is after using surface modifying method of the present invention to handle; Fiber softening disperses, the proterties steady quality; And improved the surface polarity of fiber; Improved the interface performance of aramid fiber and epoxy resin-base, the aramid fiber after the modification/epoxy composite material interlaminar shear strength reaches 50～58MPa;
2, surface conditioning agent preparation of the present invention is simple, and the surface conditioning agent steady quality of preparation, can use for a long time; Surface treatment mode is the production line online treatment, is beneficial to and enhances productivity, the operation walk away safety;
3, the qualification of fluorine carbon silane coupler structure of the present invention makes coupling agent molecule simple in structure, has promptly practiced thrift production cost, has guaranteed the reactivity of coupling agent and aramid fiber on the other hand simultaneously;
4, the dried step among the present invention adopts aramid fiber under the condition of ingress of air, to carry out drying; Fluorine carbon coupling agent can react the hydroxy intermediate of dissociating with the water in air branch; And then react with fiber surface; Thereby graft on aramid fiber surface, reach the modified fibre purpose, this online drying mode is beneficial to low-cost large-scale industrial production;
5, the polar solvent that the present invention adopts is used to dissolve fluorine carbon silane coupler can dissolve fluorine carbon coupling agent, and with aramid fiber good affinity is arranged, and solvent boiling point is about 100 ℃;
6, the mass concentration that is dissolved in the solvent of the fluorine carbon silane coupler among the present invention is selected to have guaranteed that promptly modified effect is good, has guaranteed that again cost does not increase;
7, the fluorine carbon activating agent that adopts of the present invention can better be dispersed in the emulsification of fluorine carbon coupling agent in the water, and two kinds of fluorocarbons components have the synergy of surface modification to aramid fiber.
8, the baking temperature and the drying time of the present invention's employing, neither can lose the component in the fluorine carbon coupling agent, can guarantee that again the organic solvent volatilization of fiber surface is complete, and cost reduce the production efficiency raising.
The specific embodiment
Embodiment 1
A kind of surface modifying method of aramid fiber comprises preparation, coating surface finishing agent, the dried of surface modification treatment agent, being formulated as of described surface modification treatment agent:
Described surface modification treatment agent is adopted the fluorine carbon silane coupler of following molecular structural formula to be dissolved in the organic solvent and is directly used, and perhaps adopts fluorine carbon activating agent that its emulsification is dispersed in directly use of back in the water:
In the formula, n=1, R
1, R
2, R
3Be alkyl group.
Embodiment 2
A kind of surface modifying method of aramid fiber comprises preparation, coating surface finishing agent, the dried of surface modification treatment agent, being formulated as of described surface modification treatment agent:
Described surface modification treatment agent is adopted the fluorine carbon silane coupler of following molecular structural formula to be dissolved in the organic solvent and is directly used, and perhaps adopts fluorine carbon activating agent that its emulsification is dispersed in directly use of back in the water:
In the formula, n=10, R
1, R
2, R
3Be alkyl group.
Embodiment 3
A kind of surface modifying method of aramid fiber comprises preparation, coating surface finishing agent, the dried of surface modification treatment agent, being formulated as of described surface modification treatment agent:
Described surface modification treatment agent is adopted the fluorine carbon silane coupler of following molecular structural formula to be dissolved in the organic solvent and is directly used, and perhaps adopts fluorine carbon activating agent that its emulsification is dispersed in directly use of back in the water:
In the formula, n=5, R
1, R
2, R
3Be alkyl group.
Embodiment 4
On the basis of embodiment 1～3, preferred:
Described alkyl group is CH
3-, CH
3CH
2-, CH
3CH
2CH
2-, (CH
3)
2CH-, CH
3CH
2CH
2CH
2-, (CH
3)
2CHCH
2-, (CH
3)
3C-, CH
3CH
2CH
2CH
2CH
2-, (CH
3)
2CHCH
2CH
2-, CH
3CH
2CH (CH
3) CH
2-perhaps (CH
3)
3CCH
2-.
Embodiment 5
On the basis of embodiment 1～3, preferred:
The organic solvent that described fluorine carbon silane coupler is dissolved in directly using in the organic solvent is a kind of polar solvent, and the mass concentration of fluorine carbon silane coupler in solvent is 0.5%.
Described polar solvent is ethanol, normal propyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, n-butanol, isobutanol, acetone, butanone or 1, the 4-dioxane.
Fluorine carbon activating agent in directly using after described fluorine carbon silane coupler adopts fluorine carbon activating agent to be dispersed in its emulsification in the water is fluoroalkyl ethyoxyl ether alcohol; The concentration of fluorine carbon silane coupler in aqueous solvent is 0.5%, and the concentration of fluorocarbon surfactant is 100ppm.
Embodiment 6
On the basis of embodiment 1～3, preferred:
The organic solvent that described fluorine carbon silane coupler is dissolved in directly using in the organic solvent is a kind of polar solvent, and the mass concentration of fluorine carbon silane coupler in solvent is 10%.
Described polar solvent is ethanol, normal propyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, n-butanol, isobutanol, acetone, butanone or 1, the 4-dioxane.
Fluorine carbon activating agent in directly using after described fluorine carbon silane coupler adopts fluorine carbon activating agent to be dispersed in its emulsification in the water is fluoroalkyl ethyoxyl ether alcohol; The concentration of fluorine carbon silane coupler in aqueous solvent is 10%, and the concentration of fluorocarbon surfactant is 5000ppm.
Embodiment 7
On the basis of embodiment 1～3, preferred:
The organic solvent that described fluorine carbon silane coupler is dissolved in directly using in the organic solvent is a kind of polar solvent, and the mass concentration of fluorine carbon silane coupler in solvent is 5.25%.
Described polar solvent is ethanol, normal propyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, n-butanol, isobutanol, acetone, butanone or 1, the 4-dioxane.
Fluorine carbon activating agent in directly using after described fluorine carbon silane coupler adopts fluorine carbon activating agent to be dispersed in its emulsification in the water is fluoroalkyl ethyoxyl ether alcohol; The concentration of fluorine carbon silane coupler in aqueous solvent is 5.25%, and the concentration of fluorocarbon surfactant is 2550ppm.
Embodiment 8
On the basis of embodiment 1～3, preferred:
The organic solvent that described fluorine carbon silane coupler is dissolved in directly using in the organic solvent is a kind of polar solvent, and the mass concentration of fluorine carbon silane coupler in solvent is 7.5%.
Described polar solvent is ethanol, normal propyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, n-butanol, isobutanol, acetone, butanone or 1, the 4-dioxane.
Fluorine carbon activating agent in directly using after described fluorine carbon silane coupler adopts fluorine carbon activating agent to be dispersed in its emulsification in the water is fluoroalkyl ethyoxyl ether alcohol; The concentration of fluorine carbon silane coupler in aqueous solvent is 2%, and the concentration of fluorocarbon surfactant is 3000ppm.
Embodiment 9
On the basis of embodiment 1～3, preferred:
Described coating surface finishing agent is specially: after the surface conditioning agent preparation is accomplished, place oiling machine, the aramid fiber of on online submergence production line under the conveying of constant pressure pump, advancing evenly is coated on aramid fiber surface.
Above-mentioned aramid fiber gait of march is controlled to be 8m/min.
Described dried is specially: the aramid fiber that will apply surface conditioning agent is dry under the condition of ingress of air.
Above-mentioned dried adopts electrical heating or Steam Heating cylindrical drier, and baking temperature is 80 ℃, and be 1min drying time.
Embodiment 10
On the basis of embodiment 1～3, preferred:
Described coating surface finishing agent is specially: after the surface conditioning agent preparation is accomplished, place oiling machine, the aramid fiber of on online submergence production line under the conveying of constant pressure pump, advancing evenly is coated on aramid fiber surface.
Above-mentioned aramid fiber gait of march is controlled to be 20m/min.
Described dried is specially: the aramid fiber that will apply surface conditioning agent is dry under the condition of ingress of air.
Above-mentioned dried adopts electrical heating or Steam Heating cylindrical drier, and baking temperature is 120 ℃, and be 4min drying time.
Embodiment 11
On the basis of embodiment 1～3, preferred:
Described coating surface finishing agent is specially: after the surface conditioning agent preparation is accomplished, place oiling machine, the aramid fiber of on online submergence production line under the conveying of constant pressure pump, advancing evenly is coated on aramid fiber surface.
Above-mentioned aramid fiber gait of march is controlled to be 14m/min.
Described dried is specially: the aramid fiber that will apply surface conditioning agent is dry under the condition of ingress of air.
Above-mentioned dried adopts electrical heating or Steam Heating cylindrical drier, and baking temperature is 100 ℃, and be 2.5min drying time.
Embodiment 12
On the basis of embodiment 1～3, preferred:
Described coating surface finishing agent is specially: after the surface conditioning agent preparation is accomplished, place oiling machine, the aramid fiber of on online submergence production line under the conveying of constant pressure pump, advancing evenly is coated on aramid fiber surface.
Above-mentioned aramid fiber gait of march is controlled to be 18m/min.
Described dried is specially: the aramid fiber that will apply surface conditioning agent is dry under the condition of ingress of air.
Above-mentioned dried adopts electrical heating or Steam Heating cylindrical drier, and baking temperature is 95 ℃, and be 3.25min drying time.
Embodiment 13
A kind of surface modifying method of high-strength and high-modulus aramid fiber
The preparation of a, surface modification finish.Under abundant stirring condition, ten trifluoro octyl group trimethoxy silanes are dissolved in the isopropanol solvent, be mixed with the homogeneous phase transparent solution of concentration 3%.
B, surface modification.The finish for preparing is placed oiling machine, and the aramid fiber of online submergence production line under the conveying of constant pressure pump is transferred the flow of finish according to the speed of service of fiber, makes finish evenly be applied to fiber surface
C, dry reaction.The fiber that applies finish gets in the Steam Heating roller drier, 105 ℃ of baking temperatures, and be 3min drying time.Dry removing desolvated under the condition of ingress of air, and ten trifluoro octyl group trimethoxy silanes and fiber surface react simultaneously, and reactant grafts on fiber surface.
Experimental result: preceding the same through dried yarn intensity of fiber after the surface modification and modification, be 31.5cN/dtex, aramid fiber/epoxy composite material interlaminar shear strength is 54MPa.
Embodiment 14
A kind of surface modifying method of high-strength and high-modulus aramid fiber
The preparation of a, surface modification finish.Under abundant stirring condition, 17 fluorine decyl triethoxysilanes are dissolved in the alcohol solvent, drip little acetic acid, be mixed with the homogeneous phase transparent solution of concentration 2%.
B, surface modification.The finish for preparing is placed oiling machine, and the aramid fiber of online submergence production line under the conveying of constant pressure pump is transferred the flow of finish according to the speed of service of fiber, makes finish evenly be applied to fiber surface
C, dry reaction.The fiber that applies finish gets in the Steam Heating roller drier, 100 ℃ of baking temperatures, and be 2min drying time.Dry removing desolvated under the condition of ingress of air, and 17 fluorine decyl triethoxysilanes and fiber surface react simultaneously, and reactant grafts on fiber surface.
Experimental result: preceding the same through dried yarn intensity of fiber after the surface modification and modification, be 32cN/dtex, aramid fiber/epoxy composite material interlaminar shear strength is 58MPa.
Embodiment 15
A kind of surface modifying method of high-strength and high-modulus aramid fiber
The preparation of a, surface modification finish.Under abundant stirring condition, 17 fluorine decyls, the three isopropoxy silane with 1% add in the aqueous solvent, and the fluorocarbon surfactant AF-Y of Dropwise 5 00ppm makes fully emulsified being dispersed in the water of 17 fluorine decyls, three isopropoxy silane, is mixed with uniform dispersion.
B, surface modification.The finish for preparing is placed oiling machine, and the aramid fiber of online submergence production line under the conveying of constant pressure pump is transferred the flow of finish according to the speed of service of fiber, makes finish evenly be applied to fiber surface
C, dry reaction.The fiber that applies finish gets in the Steam Heating roller drier, 130 ℃ of baking temperatures, and be 4min drying time.Dry removing desolvated under the condition of ingress of air, and 17 fluorine decyls, three isopropoxy silane and fiber surface react simultaneously, and reactant grafts on fiber surface.
Experimental result: preceding the same through dried yarn intensity of fiber after the surface modification and modification, be 31cN/dtex, aramid fiber/epoxy composite material interlaminar shear strength is 53MPa.
Embodiment 16
A kind of surface modifying method of high-strength and high-modulus aramid fiber
The preparation of a, surface modification finish.Under abundant stirring condition; Ten trifluoro octyl groups, three isopropoxy silane with 1.5% add in the aqueous solvent; Drip the fluorocarbon surfactant AF-E of 300ppm, make fully emulsified being dispersed in the water of ten trifluoro octyl groups, three isopropoxy silane, be mixed with uniform dispersion.
B, surface modification.The finish for preparing is placed oiling machine, and the aramid fiber of online submergence production line under the conveying of constant pressure pump is transferred the flow of finish according to the speed of service of fiber, makes finish evenly be applied to fiber surface
C, dry reaction.The fiber that applies finish gets in the Steam Heating roller drier, 140 ℃ of baking temperatures, and be 2min drying time.Dry removing desolvated under the condition of ingress of air, and ten trifluoro octyl groups, three isopropoxy silane and fiber surface react simultaneously, and reactant grafts on fiber surface.
Experimental result: preceding the same through dried yarn intensity of fiber after the surface modification and modification, be 31.6cN/dtex, aramid fiber/epoxy composite material interlaminar shear strength is 56MPa.
Embodiment 17
Claims (9)
1. the surface modifying method of an aramid fiber comprises it is characterized in that preparation, coating surface finishing agent, the dried of surface modification treatment agent: being formulated as of described surface modification treatment agent:
Described surface modification treatment agent is adopted the fluorine carbon silane coupler of following molecular structural formula to be dissolved in the organic solvent and is directly used, and perhaps adopts fluorine carbon activating agent that its emulsification is dispersed in directly use of back in the water:
In the formula, n=1～10, R
1, R
2, R
3Be alkyl group.
2. the surface modifying method of a kind of aramid fiber according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described alkyl group is CH
3-, CH
3CH
2-, CH
3CH
2CH
2-, (CH
3)
2CH-, CH
3CH
2CH
2CH
2-, (CH
3)
2CHCH
2-, (CH
3)
3C-, CH
3CH
2CH
2CH
2CH
2-, (CH
3)
2CHCH
2CH
2-, CH
3CH
2CH (CH
3) CH
2-perhaps (CH
3)
3CCH
2-.
3. the surface modifying method of a kind of aramid fiber according to claim 1; It is characterized in that: described coating surface finishing agent is specially: after the surface conditioning agent preparation is accomplished; Place oiling machine; The aramid fiber of on online submergence production line under the conveying of constant pressure pump, advancing evenly is coated on aramid fiber surface.
4. the surface modifying method of a kind of aramid fiber according to claim 3, it is characterized in that: described aramid fiber gait of march is controlled to be 8～20m/min.
5. the surface modifying method of a kind of aramid fiber according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described dried is specially: the aramid fiber that will apply surface conditioning agent is dry under the condition of ingress of air.
6. the surface modifying method of a kind of aramid fiber according to claim 5 is characterized in that: described dried adopts electrical heating or Steam Heating cylindrical drier, and baking temperature is 80～120 ℃, and be 1～4min drying time.
7. the surface modifying method of a kind of aramid fiber according to claim 1; It is characterized in that: the organic solvent that described fluorine carbon silane coupler is dissolved in directly using in the organic solvent is a kind of polar solvent, and the mass concentration of fluorine carbon silane coupler in solvent is 0.5～10%.
8. the surface modifying method of a kind of aramid fiber according to claim 7 is characterized in that: described polar solvent is ethanol, normal propyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, n-butanol, isobutanol, acetone, butanone or 1, the 4-dioxane.
9. the surface modifying method of a kind of aramid fiber according to claim 7; It is characterized in that: the fluorine carbon activating agent in directly using after described fluorine carbon silane coupler adopts fluorine carbon activating agent to be dispersed in its emulsification in the water is fluoroalkyl ethyoxyl ether alcohol; The concentration of fluorine carbon silane coupler in aqueous solvent is 0.5～10%, and the concentration of fluorocarbon surfactant is 100～5000ppm.
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