Background technology
The energy resource structure of China more than 90% with fire coal as power, burning coal all can produce SO
2, wherein maximum with the power plant emission amount, by SO
2Be that acid rain pollution hazard area due to main has accounted for the about 40% of area, the therefore annual and economic loss that cause in the whole nation has reached and has exceeded 100 billion.
At present, the method for flue gas desulfurization has reached kind more than 100 in the world, and the method for using in the industry also has 20 kinds approximately.Wherein wet desulphurization technical application accounts for about 85% of whole industrialization desulfurizer, and wet type limestone/lime method accounts for the about 80% of wet method, in current technology, is occupying an leading position.This technology blasts air in the slurries on absorption tower, wash flue gas with lime stone, forces to make CaSO
3Be oxidized to CaSO
4(gypsum).
Lime/gypsum method related patent U.S. Patent No. is following:
CN99113914 discloses a kind of lime/gypsum method flue gas desulfurization technique, the steps include: (1) dedusting, (2) desulfurization, and the mixed liquor that contains the gypsum crystallization body is processed in (3), (4) dehydration by-product gypsum.Wherein desulfurization is that flue gas after the dedusting is got into desulfurizing tower again behind booster fan warp let-off humidification cooler; In tower, do the secondary desulfurization through spray liquid again, purify the back flue gas through after flue gas heater makes then, entering chimney again after the cat head gas-liquid separator separates through porous plate bubbling flue gas after desulfurization.
CN1923338 discloses a kind of flue gas desulfurization technique; Particularly a kind of fume desulfurizing process with enhancement limestone method; Be mainly used in air contaminant treatment, Prevention Technique field; Comprise: lime stone and additive are imported digestion reactor respectively, mix and generate at digestion reactor sodalime stone and additive and absorb slurries with the water reaction; To absorb slurries input absorption tower, sulfur-containing smoke gas gets into the absorption tower, and after absorbing slurry reaction, flue is discharged the absorption tower; The absorption slurries that absorbed sulfur dioxide recycle or go post processing after the discharge of bottom, absorption tower.
Above-mentioned limestone/gypsum method, the accessory substance gypsum is generally abandoned as refuse, causes certain pressure to environmental protection.
That calcium sulfate crystal whiskers is divided into is anhydrous, three kinds of Ban Shui, two water, and wherein anhydrous calcium sulfate whisker intensity is the highest.The sulfate dihydrate calcium pyroborate does not have the humidification of whisker when surpassing 110 ℃ of uses, prospects for commercial application is little; Anhydrous and sulfate hemihydrate calcium pyroborate then has higher intensity and use value.
Calcium sulfate crystal whiskers has excellent mechanical property, good compatibility, good flatness, regenerability is good, toxicity is low, low cost of manufacture; Increase constituent element, friction material, the environmental project that is mainly used in papermaking, composite filtered, asphalt modification; And the adhesive force, temperature tolerance and the insulating properties that improve coating and paint; And price is merely 1/200th~300 of silicon carbide whisker, has the very strong market competitiveness.Calcium sulfate crystal whiskers belongs to the gypsum series product of high-performance, high added value, with its good sexual valence when environmental-protecting performance won vast market prospect for it, market potential is huge.
The calcium sulfate crystal whiskers related patent U.S. Patent No. is following:
It is the CaSO4 whisker and preparation method thereof of raw material with the desulfurated plaster that CN101550602 discloses a kind of.Its technical scheme is: earlier desulfurated plaster, water and medium crystallization agent are fully mixed, form suspension, wherein: the desulfurated plaster mass concentration is 1~8%, and the medium crystallization agent mass concentration is 5~20%; Be under 120~210r/min condition at normal pressure, 100~128 ℃ and stir speed (S.S.) again, or above-mentioned suspension stirred 1~3 hour that the calcium sulfate crystal whiskers that adds suspension quality 0.5~1% is as crystal seed; Reacted 1~3 hour; Add modifier, or above-mentioned suspension was stirred 3~8 hours, directly add modifier; The addition of modifier is 0.4~1% of suspension quality, stirs 0.5~1 hour; Through suction filtration, washing and three sections dryings, can obtain three kinds of dissimilar calcium sulfate crystal whiskers then.
CN101311337 discloses a kind of method of utilizing desulfurized gesso of flue gas to prepare calcium sulfate crystal whiskers, comprise size mixing, processing step such as high temperature crystallization, drying, covering with paint.This method utilizes desulfurized gesso of flue gas to be raw material, and production cost is low, and technological process is short, has saved plaster of paris ore deposit, effectively alleviates the desulfurized gesso of flue gas problem of environment pollution caused.Product purity reaches more than 98%; Can be used as the moderate strength filler; Also can replace asbestos as friction material, construction material, insulation material etc., also can partly replace organic high molecular compounds such as glass fibre and resin, rubber, plastics to have good appearance property.
CN1598083 the present invention is a kind of Preparation methods of gypsum whiskers method; Whole production is a raw material with gypsum (CaSO42H2O) and water, through raw material preparation, synthetic reaction, dehydrate and an operation such as refining and edulcoration, it is characterized in that the effective content of selected raw material gypsum reaches more than 95, whiteness is more than 90%; With the mixed gypsum slip that gets of running water; After fully emulsified, make it that chemical reaction take place in the adding reactor, and then enter into later operation.The calcium sulfate crystal whiskers properties of product of utilizing this method to produce are good, with low cost, can extensive uses in every profession and trade, have vast market prospect.
These Preparation methods of gypsum whiskers methods exist flow process complicated, need special production equipment, shortcomings such as production cost height.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of method of from flue gas, removing sulfur dioxide, and become the production process of high value added product---by-product calcium sulfate crystal whiskers to sweetening process.
Method of the present invention is to be absorbent with lime stone (calcium carbonate), is the process absorbent with ammonium sulfate, and flue gas gets into and absorption liquid counter current contacting mass transfer at the middle part, absorption tower; Leave from cat head; Most of slurries circulate in the absorption tower at the bottom of the tower, and few part slurries send the whisker preparation, and the whisker that makes is through centrifugation; Liquid phase is sent lime stone slurrying, and solid phase is a crystal whisker of gypsum.
The present invention be embodied in following some: (1) is absorbent with lime stone (calcium carbonate); With ammonium sulfate is the process absorbent; Ammonium sulfate concentrations 20~40% (mass fraction), flue gas and spray liquid counter current contacting, the absorption tower is left in the fresh water (FW) demist through top again; Establish oxidation fan at the bottom of the absorption tower, force to make CaSO
3Be oxidized to CaSO
4(gypsum) send whisker to become elongated slot again.(2) sweetening process and whisker prepare integratedly, and whisker preparation is only established a whisker and become elongated slot, and gypsum slurries becomes to be incubated crystallization in the elongated slot at whisker, further is converted into calcium sulfate crystal whiskers.(3) separation circuit adopts the guipure filter, sets up two sections separately, one section filtration, and first wash, filtered fluid and cleaning solution separate collection, filtered fluid send the lime stone slurry preparation, and cleaning solution send desulfuration absorbing tower top demister, filters solid formation and send drying process.(4) drying process adopts the drying machine of heated air source, and drying can get the anhydrous gypsum whisker.(5) technology of the present invention is applicable to calcium carbide mud to be the process of absorbent.
The specific embodiment
Example 1 smoke treatment flow 200000Nm
3/ h.
Desulfuration absorbing tower 1 among Fig. 1, circulating pump 2, slush pump 3, whisker preparation vessel 4, whisker slush pump 5; Guipure filter 6, filtrate receiver 7, filtrate pump 8, lime stone slurry preparation vessel 9, limestone slurry liquid pump 10; Oxidation fan 11, vavuum pump 12, washing liquid bath 13, technology water pump 14; Lime stone (calcium carbonate) A, oxidation air B, flue gas C, flue D, crystal whisker of gypsum E, discharging waste gas F, fresh water (FW) G.
Flow is 200000Nm
3/ h, temperature is that 150 ℃ flue gas C at first gets into desulfuration absorbing tower 1 middle part, and contact from top spray circulation fluid down, and the concentration of ammonium sulfate is 33% (mass fraction) in the circulation fluid, and tower prime cement liquid circulates through slush pump 2 realizations, and the recycle slurry liquid measure is 480m
3/ h; Lime stone A processes 5% (mass fraction) liquid slurry back and throws the absorption tower into limestone slurry liquid pump 10 in lime stone slurry preparation vessel 9; Pass through spray washing; Sulfur in smoke, dust are removed, and through 50 ℃ of washings washings of cat head, flue D leaves absorption system and send chimney again.About 60 ℃ of desulfurizing tower lower channel somaplasm liquid temp, flow is 50m
3The slurries of/h are squeezed into whisker preparation vessel 4 by slush pump 3, and 72h is left standstill in insulation in whisker preparation vessel 4.
Slurries in the whisker preparation vessel 4 send guipure filter 6 through whisker slush pump 5, filter solid phase and send postprocessing working procedures for crystal whisker of gypsum D; Filtrating is collected in filtrate receiver 7, send lime stone slurry preparation vessel 9 by filtrate pump 8 again; With fresh water (FW) G washing leaching cake, cleaning solution is collected in washing liquid bath 13 at the scrubbing section of guipure filter 6, realizes the cleaning solutions circulation by technology water pump 14, and the part cleaning solution send desulfuration absorbing tower 1 top demist.
The lime stone E that in limestone slurry liquid bath 9, adds 720Kg/h, with from the separation circuit pressing filtering liquid, with the liquid slurrying of eddy flow top, calcium carbonate content is 5% in the slurries, sends into desulfuration absorbing tower 1 through limestone slurry liquid pump 10.
The effect that this example 1 can reach: (1) desulfurization degree >=97%; (2) the whisker draw ratio is 10~80, and by-product gypsum whisker design sketch is referring to accompanying drawing 2.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: the desulfuration absorbing tower desulfuration efficiency is high, desulfurization degree >=97%; The absorption tower operating flexibility is big, stable operation; Reach the part denitration in the time of desulfurization; Desulfurization slag is a crystal whisker of gypsum, and the whisker draw ratio is 10~80, has bigger value of the product.