CN102789893A - Dedicated Capacitor for fluorescent lamp preheating luminance starting - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a two-pin dedicated capacitor for luminance starting of a semi-bridge type high-frequency fluorescent lamp by pre-heating for more than one second, and particularly relates to a ceramic dielectric capacitor, which takes a novel material PTC (phenylthiocarbamide) as a capacitor medium and replaces the capacitor for the luminance starting of the conventional electron fluorescent lamp by using polyester fibres or polypropylene, so that a lamp tube can perform the luminance starting after being preheated for a plurality of seconds. By the reasonable preheating luminance starting, the convention that the service life of the lamp tube can be prolonged in a multiplied way is indisputable fact. The capacitor is low in price, saves energy and is long in service life, and the key points of saving money and the energy can be solved, so that possibilities that energy saving lamps are expanded in China even the whole world, and filament lamps which can be used for proving lighting for people science form 1879 can be gloriously retired can be provided.

Description

Fluorescent lamp preheating starter dedicated capacitor

The present invention relates to a kind of dedicated capacitor of semibridge system high-frequency florescent lamp preheating starter, particularly a kind of the ceramic capacitor of new material PTC as condenser dielectric.It is the defect of build-up of luminance when diminishing gradually that the present invention has also avoided with PTC assembly preheating fluorescent tube, heater current.

The sufficient preheating starter of fluorescent lamp, prolonging lamp tube service life that can be has at double become the common recognition of brainstrust.So; The leading Dutch Philips company that releases the semibridge system ballast; Successively study carefully the high-performance fluorescent lamp of having made UBA2014～2025 starters such as preheating such as grade; All be that preheating rate frequency is selected in more than 100 kilo hertzs, make the capacitive reactance of starting capacitor little, pressure drop is little, the warm-up time (all less than 1 second) so that filament to be provided; Also seen the senior fluorescent lamp that drives with IR2153,2520,2156, integrated packages such as 2166, yet, in commercially available high-frequency florescent lamp, but be difficult to find out their sample.This explains that just with the fluorescent lamp of integrated package driving, complex structure, expensive, most of users do not welcome.That gives cheap fluorescent lamp innovation has 93 years 25 phases " electronics newspaper ", has printed " the electric ballast soft start use PTC ", he with semistor " switch " act on, to fluorescent tube preheating starter, like Fig. 1, Fig. 2 of accompanying drawing.Only getting the colour TV field-discharge resistance after I see and tried, is to diminish gradually and the defect of filament starter, that be preheating ability starter when turning cold with regard to finding preheat curent.

The dream capture fluorescent tube turn black in early days, to prolong its life-span, this has been the target since my many decades.Once; The starting capacitor of one 7 watts (20 watts of real marks) electricity-saving lamp 2n2 is welded; Only the field-discharge resistance with

replaces; Make the energising preheating reach 2 minutes and just light fluorescent tube, so it is also normal to have put a whole night, lamp; In order to observe the variation of this preheat curent size, seal in the pilot bulb (Fig. 4 of accompanying drawing) of 48 volts 0.1 peace for this resistance, see during energising, preceding 1 minute half that bulb brightness is stable, be after half a minute starter when brightening gradually.So, connect with the bulb of a 6V0.7A again with 4 these field-discharge resistances parallel connections, reach 10n starting capacitor (like Fig. 5) in generation 40 watts of fluorescent lamps, the phenomenon that becomes great talent's starter at back half a minute electric current has gradually been seen in an energising again.Here it is does the preheat curent variation pattern looked for of dream, and this just provides possibility for the life-span of at double prolonging lamp tube.Why? Because after I have calculated this PTC heating constant temperature; Be exactly the electric capacity of 2510PF; Bigger according to Fig. 3 (89 years 43 phases, " electronics newspaper " PTC was used for drying machine) of accompanying drawing, dielectric constant under the PCT normal temperature, perhaps be 3 times after the Curie point, promptly electric capacity is exactly 7530PF during 25C; Then mainly be to utilize its adstante febre, its electric capacity to fade to 2510PF, and electric current is the preheating filament that changes from small to big by 7530PF; So, give 40 watts of fluorescent tube preheating starters necessary with 4 these resistance parallel connections, to make the energising initial capacitance must be that 30n, heating are reduced to n starter surplus in the of ten, second constant temperature, stable mutual capacitance must be 10n surplus ten again, preheating filament that can be so of a specified duration, how you see ideal.Because the PTC of each or a plurality of parallel connections, all can equivalence be that resistance and a negative temperature coefficient electric capacity of a positive temperature coefficient is (like the C among accompanying drawing Fig. 6.) parallel connection, these two curves are complementary, so Fig. 6 is exactly the equivalent fundamental diagram of Fig. 4 Fig. 5.The PTC that soft start is used is the disk of diameter 6 * 4 millimeters thick, the capacitor C of Tp attitude.About 400PF forms with its that PTC assembly, image pattern 1 are such gives 40 watts of fluorescent tube preheating starters, and it has only used resistance that PTC changes from small to big, it is big to be that resistance becomes, preheat curent diminishes its capacitor C ₁+ C.Variation, very little.Thus, give fluorescent tube preheating starter, increase having little effect of longevity to fluorescent tube with the PTC assembly.

Task of the present invention is the dedicated capacitor that a kind of fluorescent tube preheating starter will be provided for simple and easy electric ballast, lets also at double the prolongation of life-span of cheap fluorescent lamp; Be that cheap electricity-saving lamp is long-lived, energy-conservation key of saving money has again solved, and this just carries out for China and even the whole world and promotes electricity-saving lamp, just let since 1879 the incandescent light retirement for human illumination that possibility is provided.

Realize first method that the present invention makes, be exactly meeting ptc material like following table 1 as condenser dielectric, in the trial-production table 1 the preheating starter of 5 models special-purpose, just claim that this is PTC capacitor, the sub-fluorescent lamp producer of supplying power chooses.Table 1 is following

Special-purpose electric capacity is made reference

Table 1

Porcelain dielectric device commonly used is to make medium with the good pottery of insulation, the parallel-plate of silver layer in the burning infiltration (multilayer is also arranged) capacitor all on the two sides of potsherd.Resistor disc is pried open, taken out to colour TV field-discharge resistance bakelite lid, and appearance is exactly the plane-parallel capacitor of a disk shape, and just normal temperature is surveyed its electric capacity down and wanted difficult.When PTC gets into Tp constant temperature operating state, its resistance when 10 megaohms are above, just measure easily

Resistance Tp attitude electric capacity is that 2510PF, its parallel-plate cross section are 0.5cm ², PTC thickness is 2mm, can obtain the PTC capacitor equivalent dielectric constant of Tp attitude according to this

As follows

∵ $C=\frac{8.85\mathrm{\ϵS}\left({\mathrm{cm}}^2\right)\·{10}^{-12}}{d\left(\mathrm{mm}\right)}\mathrm{PF}---\left(1\right)$

∴ ${\mathrm{\ϵ}}_2=\frac{\mathrm{Cd}}{8.85S\·{10}^{-12}}=\frac{2510\×{10}^{-12}\×2}{8.85\×0.5\×{10}^{-12}}=1134$

Dielectric constant 1134 when more than being work temperature p=125 ℃, by accompanying drawing Fig. 3 can know, dielectric constant under the PTC normal temperature is bigger, the ε when establishing 25 ℃ ₁Be ε ₂3 times, ε then ₁As follows:

3402 is exactly the foundation of electric capacity when making in the table 1 25 ℃.Be the capacitor of 10n, must be 30n 25 ℃ the time that this just can calculate electric capacity negative temperature coefficient α value in the table 1, as follows such as Tp attitude in the table 1:

∵C ₂＝C ₁(1-α) ^(t2-t1) (2)

$(1-\mathrm{\α})=(t_2-t_1)\sqrt{\frac{C_2}{C_1}}=(125-25)\sqrt{\frac{10}{30}}=\sqrt[100]{0.333}=0.98907$

α=0.01093 i.e. 10.93/1000ths ≈ 1.1%

Stipulate in the textbook, the Leaded Ceramic Disc Capacitor of band green mark, its negative temperature coefficient is 1300 * 10 ^-6About, i.e. 1 ℃ of the every rising of temperature, electric capacity can reduce about 1.3/1000ths.Does contemporary China have 1 ℃ of the every rising of temperature, electric capacity can reduce 10.93/1000ths Leaded Ceramic Disc Capacitor? So; In " electronic waste " lining that I buy back in one's early years, find out the orange ceramic capacitor of one 0.047 microfarad, insert the electric capacity shelves of universal instrument; In the time of 25 ℃, then getting electric capacity is 61n; Does electric capacity drop to 6n8 and (is chilled to normal temperature electric capacity again and rises to 120n, monster when with constant temperature electric iron this electric capacity being ironed 225 ℃ again?), be not difficult to calculate the negative temperature coefficient value α of this electric capacity with this, as follows

$(1-\mathrm{\α})=(225-25)\sqrt{\frac{6.8}{61}}=\sqrt[200]{0.1115}=0.98909$

∴ α=0.01091 i.e. 10.91/1000ths ≈ 1.1%

And surveyed a lot rubbish Leaded Ceramic Disc Capacitor, their negative temperature coefficient all about 1%, is explained the former abundance of goods, good thing that this type porcelain is situated between; Because the special-purpose electric capacity of the preheating starter of table 1, require the negative temperature coefficient

of electric capacity! But, with about 1% good.

As colored field-discharge resistance is to be used on " voltage source ", and fluorescent lamp preheating starter to can be compared to be " current source ".Such as, when removing to replace 40 watts of fluorescent tubes with 300 Europe resistance, its electric current is 0.8 times of short circuit current, and this just calculates the special-purpose electric capacity preheating of 10n merit Q in the table 1, as follows:

Q=RI ²=300 * (0.46 * 0.8) ²=40.6 watts

Q is the idle and meritorious value of closing, and is continuous preheating filament and PTC electric capacity to starter and the power that reduces.

The preheating starting time of table 1: when room temperature during up to 40 ℃, preheating starting time are not less than 1 second, room temperature is as low as zero following 10 ℃ the time, and the preheating starting time is not more than 5 seconds.Because warm-up time the volume with PTC electric capacity be directly proportional, nominal resistance is inversely proportional to during with 25 ℃ in medium.The consumable of PTC electric capacity is more little good more.The requirement of withstand voltage of the PTC electric capacity of table 1 is very low, is that field-discharge resistance, the ability operate as normal with top experiment is as the criterion, and it is as follows withstand voltage:

Um＝270×1.414＝382V

So the withstand voltage of table 1 filled out 400 volts.If the withstand voltage of PTC electric capacity not only is directly proportional with the thickness (2 millimeters) of PTC, the resistance during also with PTC25 ℃ is directly proportional, then single possibility of using PTC that success is arranged as the special-purpose electric capacity of medium of table 1.Because this new material as condenser dielectric, this be to PTC utilize newly developed, road can be not smooth; Moreover, when the bulb of not at all easy 6V0.15A of getting, when going to replace 48 volts of bulbs of Fig. 4, find the barium metatitanate extrinsic semiconductor, be that PTC is the negative temperature coefficient of dielectric capacitance and little.So, also considered the second method of manufacturing experimently this dedicated capacitor in the table 1, as follows.

Second kind of trial-production method is: give that volume is little, capacity is big, withstand voltage height, the maximum BaTiO of negative temperature coefficient ₃Can generate heat in the parallel connection of the Leaded Ceramic Disc Capacitor chip PTC electric capacity chip of constant temperature meets table 1 as long as both electric capacity adds up to, and just cries it The PTC dedicated capacitor.The manufacture method of its reference: in the mould with metatitanic acid raw material, the such disk shape of injection accompanying drawing Fig. 7 (being the profile of Fig. 8 electric capacity chip); This electric capacity chip external diameter a millimeter, center stay 1 millimeter ommatidium C, disk thickness d to be calculated by producer; Disk two sides center b is the inclined-plane circle of 4 mm dias; When raw material in the mould after the dry demoulding, all be that the concave surface of b diameter is filled and led up with the PTC raw material with its two sides again, sinter after to be formed; It is exactly the eggshell china sheet of an a mm dia, consistency of thickness; On the two sides of circle ceramics, all in the burning infiltration as Fig. 8 oblique line silver layer, two sides partly all burnt top electrode, used resin-encapsulated, see that view coats purple with packaged dedicated capacitor, its external form is as shown in Figure 9.

The as above electric capacity of this two media is united two into one, make their pluses and minuses can be complementary.Such as, b ' diameter is 2 millimeters among Fig. 8, promptly PTC medium equivalent thickness is 2 millimeters, withstand voltage much of that, the heating constant temperature that special-purpose electric capacity also can be in the same old way.Barium metatitanate electric capacity has that volume is little, capacity is big, and withstand voltage high advantage is only too big because of negative temperature coefficient, to exchange consumable also big, almost will be eliminated; It and PTC electric capacity one merges, work constant temperature, electric capacity stablize, the variation from large to small of its electric capacity has utilized during by preheating filament, makes the moment starter of electricity-saving lamp become preheating starter in two, three seconds, this is the also thing of difficult realization of advanced electronic fluorescent lamp.

Does this dedicated capacitor also have the third manufacturing approach? Certainly have; But go on again and in face of Confucius, sold article especially; Only

ceramic capacitor factory, produce the dedicated capacitor of 5 models in the table 1 by the reason of this paper, believe the way and the strength of specialized factory.The present invention is exactly will be with porcelain Jie dedicated capacitor of two pin, reach for existing starting capacitor device in the electronic fluorescent lamp; Mainly be by negative temperature be especially big Leaded Ceramic Disc Capacitor, its

can be during heating power from large to small give filament pre-heating; This could increase the longevity to fluorescent tube, just at double prolonging lamp tube service life possibility is provided.

Claims (5)

1. can give several seconds of semibridge system high-frequency florescent lamp preheating and the dedicated capacitor of starter for one kind; It is characterized in that

with new material PTC as condenser dielectric just be PTC dedicated capacitor, just is

the PTC dedicated capacitor what use parallelly connected again PTC electric capacity chip on the Leaded Ceramic Disc Capacitor chip always.

2. the dedicated capacitor of stipulating by claim 1; It is characterized in that letting dedicated capacitor also contain the PTC parameter; Like Curie point Tc, work temperature p, the nominal resistance 25 ℃ time the, the normal capacitance parallelly connected with this resistance, the insulation resistance of Tp attitude, Tp attitude nominal operation electric capacity parallelly connected etc. with this resistance.

3. by

PTC dedicated capacitor of claim 1 regulation, it is characterized in that remedying

and used the negative temperature coefficient not too big shortcoming of PTC as withstand voltage on the low side, the electric capacity of medium-specific electric capacity.

4. the dedicated capacitor of stipulating by claim 2; It is characterized in that the dedicated capacitor parameter is through regulating the realization that the PTC parameter is come; As reduce the consumable that Curie point Tc, reduced volume can reduce special-purpose electric capacity, the nominal resistance when improving 25 ℃ or reduce Curie point Tc, can shorten warm-up time of filament etc.

5. the dedicated capacitor of stipulating by claim 1,4; It is characterized in that dedicated capacitor with two pin reach for the semibridge system high-frequency florescent lamp existingly open the capacitor that shakes, rely on the negative temperature coefficient of Leaded Ceramic Disc Capacitor especially big, during the PTC heating power, its

can give several seconds of filament pre-heating and starter from large to small, this could give fluorescent tube at double increase the longevity.

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