CN102788810A - Fiber bragg grating based composite material thermal expansion coefficient measuring device and measuring method - Google Patents
Fiber bragg grating based composite material thermal expansion coefficient measuring device and measuring method Download PDFInfo
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- CN102788810A CN102788810A CN2012102460886A CN201210246088A CN102788810A CN 102788810 A CN102788810 A CN 102788810A CN 2012102460886 A CN2012102460886 A CN 2012102460886A CN 201210246088 A CN201210246088 A CN 201210246088A CN 102788810 A CN102788810 A CN 102788810A
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- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000005538 encapsulation Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 12
- 102100024513 F-box only protein 6 Human genes 0.000 description 5
- 101001052796 Homo sapiens F-box only protein 6 Proteins 0.000 description 5
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 4
- 102100022116 F-box only protein 2 Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 101000824158 Homo sapiens F-box only protein 2 Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- NAWXUBYGYWOOIX-SFHVURJKSA-N (2s)-2-[[4-[2-(2,4-diaminoquinazolin-6-yl)ethyl]benzoyl]amino]-4-methylidenepentanedioic acid Chemical compound C1=CC2=NC(N)=NC(N)=C2C=C1CCC1=CC=C(C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(=C)C(O)=O)C(O)=O)C=C1 NAWXUBYGYWOOIX-SFHVURJKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000004177 elastic tissue Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011344 liquid material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011343 solid material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009897 systematic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002277 temperature effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N25/00—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means
- G01N25/16—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means by investigating thermal coefficient of expansion
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Abstract
Belonging to the field of measurement technologies, the invention relates to a fiber bragg grating based composite material thermal expansion coefficient measuring device and a measuring method. The device comprises a fixture (5), a standard test block (7), a composite material block to be measured (6) and a fiber bragg grating sensor (8). Specifically, one end of the fiber bragg grating sensor (8) is fixed with a free end of the standard test block (7), and the other end is fixed with the free end of the composite material block to be measured (6). The fiber bragg grating sensor, the composite material block to be measured, and the standard test block are placed in a temperature control box. The composite material block to be measured and the standard test block can expand after being heated, and their different change degrees can generate a pull effect on the fiber bragg grating sensor and cause changes of a grating central wavelength. By combining the fiber bragg grating strain sensitivity and a relative measurement method, accurate measurement of the thermal expansion coefficient in different length sections of a composite material can be realized.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of measuring technique, particularly relate to the measurement of compound substance thermal expansivity.
Background technology
The material of occurring in nature all can expand because of temperature variation or shrink, and thermal expansivity (CTE) commonly used is described the degree of variation.It has been generally acknowledged that CTE is the ratio of the former length of object under the variation that takes place with unit temperature changing matter body length and the reference temperature.
Compound substance is widely used in each engineering field with its special advantages; Thermal expansivity is in order to show the build-in attribute of the temperature distortion of material own, in engineering design, exact instrument manufacturing, material welding and processing, to have important references and be worth; As one of basic parameter of compound substance, its measurement result is to set up the important parameter of composite material model; Because compound substance is formed by two or more physics combinations of substances different with chemical property; Its performance be not the component material performance simply adding with; Its thermal expansivity has unpredictability, and therefore research measurement compound substance thermal expansivity has great importance.
Existing research means is that theoretical analysis combines experimental technique, like optical lever method, moire method, splitter method, and laser scanning micrometry, electronic speckle method, fiber grating method or the like.Every kind of measurement means all has different features, and suitable occasion does not have universality.Concerning compound substance, have negative thermal expansivity in machine direction, and its cte value is very little.The optical lever method can not meet the demands because resolution is low; Moire method to material production certain destructiveness, the performance of material is impacted; Laser scanning micrometry and electronic speckle method propose higher environment and equipment requirements to measuring, and generation error easily is interfered; The fiber grating method is to be fixed on grating the surface of material or to imbed material internal and material heats together, directly measures its thermal expansivity; The measurement result that calculates through theory again; But after measurement, fiber grating can not reuse, and will demarcate again when measuring once more; Adopt the method for absolute measurement, just guaranteed the precision of measuring basically, can not satisfy more high-precision requirement.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of favorable repeatability, need not to repeat to demarcate, precision is high, the compound substance thermal expansivity measurement mechanism and the measuring method based on fiber grating of good reliability.
Technical scheme of the present invention:
A kind of compound substance thermal expansivity measurement mechanism based on fiber grating is characterized in that:
Form by anchor clamps, standard sample piece, composite block to be measured and fiber-optic grating sensor; Wherein standard sample piece and composite block to be measured are parallel to each other, and their end is a stiff end, and the other end is a free end; The stiff end of standard sample piece and composite block to be measured is by the anchor clamps clamping; One end of fiber-optic grating sensor and the free end of standard sample piece are fixed, and the free end of the other end and composite block to be measured is fixed; Wherein the free end length of standard sample piece is greater than composite block free end length to be measured;
Above-mentioned fiber-optic grating sensor comprises elastic matrix and is packaged in the optical fiber in the elastic matrix; One end of optical fiber is called first end in elastic matrix, the other end elasticity of extension matrix of optical fiber is called second end outward; Be carved with two sections identical grid regions on the optical fiber, one section grid region adjacent fiber first end wherein, this section grid region is through the capillary tubing encapsulation, and the tail optical fiber in this section grid region leaves the strain space bottom capillary tubing.
Measuring method according to the said compound substance thermal expansivity measurement mechanism based on fiber grating of claim 1 is characterized in that comprising following process:
Step 1: measurement mechanism is positioned in the temperature control box heats;
Step 2: the optical patchcord of fiber-optic grating sensor is connected on the fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator;
Step 3: in the heating process, compound substance and standard sample piece expand simultaneously, because both intensity of variations are different; To produce tension to fiber grating; Cause that grating centre wavelength changes, utilize the relative measurement mode to realize the measurement to thermal expansivity, concrete computing formula is following:
Wherein:
is composite block thermal expansivity to be measured;
is standard sample piece thermal expansivity;
is fiber-optic grating sensor
fixed position on the standard sample piece and the distance of anchor clamps;
is the fixed position of fiber-optic grating sensor on composite block to be measured and the distance of anchor clamps;
is fiber-optic grating sensor length;
is distance between composite block to be measured and the standard sample piece;
is temperature variation; Record by thermopair; The centre wavelength drift value that
causes for the grid region; The centre wavelength drift value that
causes for the grid region;
is the strain sensitivity of fiber-optic grating sensor; Obtain by experimental calibration;
is fiber-optic grating sensor centre wavelength, recorded by (FBG) demodulator.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows, adopt the grating cascaded structure to eliminate the cross sensitivity of temperature and strain; Adopt the sensor after the elastic matrix enhanced sensitivity encapsulates, measure sensitivity and improve, can reuse, reduce cost; Standard sample piece and compound substance relative measurement can reach higher accuracy requirement; Sensor performance is stable, does not need the sensitivity of repetition calibration strain after the demarcation once, reduces the workload of measuring; The fixed position of adjustment fiber-optic grating sensor can be to the measurement of the different section thermal expansivity of compound substance; Fiber-optic grating sensor can not receive electromagnetic interference (EMI), and functional reliability is good.
Description of drawings
Accompanying drawing 1 is fiber grating encapsulating structure figure;
Accompanying drawing 2 is experimental provision structural drawing;
Accompanying drawing 3 is thermal deformation triangles;
Label title among the figure: 1----elastic matrix; 2---FBG1; 3---FBG2; The 4---capillary tubing; The 5---anchor clamps; 6---composite block to be measured; 7---standard sample piece; The 8---fiber-optic grating sensor; The 9---optical patchcord.
Embodiment
This measurement means and method are to realize through following technical scheme: based on the thermal expansivity experimental apparatus for testing of fiber grating, comprise the standard sample piece that thermal expansivity is known, its CTE is greater than the estimated value of compound substance; The anchor clamps of fixed standard coupon and composite block to be measured have the function of scalable clamping position; The fiber-optic grating sensor of strain enhanced sensitivity encapsulation, fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator, temperature control box.
On anchor clamps, compound substance and standard sample piece distance are certain with composite block to be measured and standard sample piece secured in parallel, and the free end length of test specimen is greater than compound substance.One end of the grating sensor after the encapsulation is fixed on the free end of standard sample piece, and the other end is fixed on the free end of compound substance; Device is placed in the temperature control box, and in the heating process, compound substance and standard sample piece expand simultaneously; Because both intensity of variations are different; To produce tension to fiber-optic grating sensor, cause that grating centre wavelength changes, and utilize the relative measurement mode to realize measurement thermal expansivity.
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing invention is further described:
The encapsulation of strain enhanced sensitivity grating: fiber grating is equal to the isotropy right cylinder when research, and it is embedded in the less matrix material of elastic modulus, knows that by the Elasticity and the mechanics of materials average elasticity modulus of its complex is much smaller than the elastic modulus of naked grating.Fiber grating is embedded in the elastic matrix; Little 3 to 4 one magnitude of the elastic modulus of the modular ratio bare fibre of this complex; Under the identical stress, the strain of generation will increase 3 to 4 scalar products, and the increase of strain will cause that the relative variation of centre wavelength increases by 3 ~ 4 times; Like this, then realize the enhanced sensitivity of counter stress.The grating that is numbered FBG1 is accomplished encapsulation demarcate its strain sensitivity
afterwards.
In the practical application of fiber-optic grating sensor, strain and temperature often exist simultaneously, and at this moment, sensor for temperature and strain all are responsive.In general; Because strain and temperature all can cause the center wavelength shift of fiber grating; The cross sensitivity problem that promptly has temperature and strain; The side-play amount of Prague centre wavelength through measuring a fiber grating realizes that two parameter measurements of temperature and strain are impossible, and this is to solve two unknown quantitys because of an equation.In order to eliminate the cross sensitivity of temperature and strain, the fiber grating of the same encapsulation same size of can connecting, numbering FBG2; Two gratings are encapsulated on the same elastic matrix, and like Fig. 1, the FBG2 outside adds a capillary tubing; Make its influence of avoiding receiving strain, only receive Influence of Temperature; Steel duct is not filled colloid, and an end of its tail optical fiber will be in free state, and assurance can be at Free Transform under the temperature effect.
Can know that by coupled mode theory the Bragg centre wavelength of fiber grating is:
In the formula:
is effective refractive index;
is the grating cycle.
Bragg grating wavelength
changes with the variation of
and
; And
is relevant with strain and temperature with the change of
; Strain and temperature are respectively through elasto-optical effect and thermo-optic effect influence
; Change and thermal expansion effects influence
through length, and then
is moved.Result of study shows that Bragg grating wavelength change
concerns as follows with strain
and temperature variation
:
Where:
is the effective elastic fiber optic coefficient (constant);
and
are the linear thermal expansion coefficient of the fiber and the thermo-optic coefficient;
Therefore when measuring, two optic fiber grating wavelengths that temperature and strain cause jointly change and can represent with following equality:
FBG1：
（3）
FBG2：
（4）
Can find out from following formula; When two optical grating constructions and performance parameters are identical; I.e.
; When
; Can two Bragg grating center wavelength variation amounts be done subtraction process; Just can be easy to eliminate the influence of temperature variation to strain measurement, the strain measurement precision can be improved.This method cost is low, and realizability is good.
Distance is
between compound substance and the standard sample piece; The FBG1 two ends are separately fixed on compound substance and the standard sample piece; The grating tail optical fiber on compound substance point of fixity apart from anchor clamps
; The grating tail optical fiber on the standard sample piece point of fixity apart from anchor clamps
; Grating length
, then can know that according to the linear thermal expansion formula The deformation calculation of compound substance and standard sample piece is following:
（5）
In the formula:
is composite block thermal expansivity to be measured;
is standard sample piece thermal expansivity.
Shown in the right-angle triangle of right side as shown in Figure 3; Hypotenuse is the length
after sensor receives tension; Wherein a right-angle side is
, and another right-angle side is tried to achieve by broken line triangle and is
.Can get relation as follows according to Pythagorean theorem:
And can know according to strain notion and fiber-optic grating sensor measuring principle:
Can derive following equality by geometric relationship:
（10）
Accompanying drawing 1 is the footprint design of fiber grating, on an optical fiber, utilizes the mask phase method to write two sections grid regions, is equivalent to two grating series connection, and wherein an end connects optical patchcord, and the other end only keeps the tail optical fiber of 3mm length, to satisfy the encapsulation requirement.FBG2 is done the capillary tubing encapsulation earlier, as shown in Figure 1, with an end of resin glue fixed grating tail optical fiber; The other end keeps free state, and with the resin glue filling steel pipe other end, steel duct is not filled any liquid or solid material; Guarantee that FBG2 can free expanded by heating, not strained influence.Two gratings are encapsulated on the less elastic matrix of elastic modulus simultaneously, and both parallel distributions are fixed with high-performance epoxy resin glue, guarantee that fiber grating is in the elastic matrix middle position; Can know that according to Elasticity and the mechanics of materials knowledge strain of elastic matrix is delivered on the grating, can play good effect of enhanced sensitivity.
Accompanying drawing 2 is structural drawing of measurement mechanism.Standard sample piece 5 and composite block 6 secured in parallel to be measured are on anchor clamps 7; Grating 8 two ends after the encapsulation are fixed on the free end of composite block 6 to be measured and the free end of standard sample piece 5; It is consistent in the surface level that the three keeps, and guarantees that fiber grating receives stress along the material prolonging direction; The optical patchcord 9 of drawing connects fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator.Above device is put into temperature control box intensification heating, in the temperature range that requires, measure wavelength, can try to achieve the result according to formula (10).When needing to measure the thermal expansivity in a certain interval, only need the distance between adjustment compound substance stiff end and the sensor just can realize.
Apparatus of the present invention adopt the relative measurement method, and the relative measurement method is under identical condition, and the variation of measurement standard appearance piece and composite block respectively avoids directly measuring the systematic error that produces, and improves the precision of measuring; Under the constant situation of heating condition, fiber grating can access the thermal expansivity of the different sections of compound substance in the stationkeeping different apart from free end, and research compound substance characteristic is had certain reference value; The fiber-optic grating sensor through after the encapsulation in this device can reuse, and it is more economical convenient to compare with the metering system that directly sticks on composite material surface.
Claims (2)
1. compound substance thermal expansivity measurement mechanism based on fiber grating is characterized in that:
Form by anchor clamps (5), standard sample piece (7), composite block to be measured (6) and fiber-optic grating sensor (8);
Wherein standard sample piece (7) and composite block to be measured (6) are parallel to each other, and their end is a stiff end, and the other end is a free end; The stiff end of standard sample piece (7) and composite block to be measured (6) is by anchor clamps (5) clamping; The free end of one end of fiber-optic grating sensor (8) and standard sample piece (7) is fixed, and the free end of the other end and composite block to be measured (6) is fixed; Wherein the free end length of standard sample piece (7) is greater than composite block to be measured (6) free end length;
Above-mentioned fiber-optic grating sensor (8) comprises elastic matrix (1) and is packaged in the optical fiber in the elastic matrix; One end of optical fiber is called first end in elastic matrix, the other end elasticity of extension matrix of optical fiber is called second end outward; Be carved with two sections identical grid regions (2,3) on the optical fiber, one section grid region adjacent fiber first end wherein, capillary tubing (4) encapsulation is done in this section grid region, and the tail optical fiber in this section grid region leaves the strain space bottom capillary tubing.
2. according to the measuring method of the said compound substance thermal expansivity measurement mechanism based on fiber grating of claim 1, it is characterized in that comprising following process:
Measurement mechanism is positioned in the temperature control box heats;
The optical patchcord of fiber-optic grating sensor (8) is connected on the fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator;
In the heating process, compound substance and standard sample piece expand simultaneously, because both intensity of variations are different; To produce tension to fiber grating; Cause that grating centre wavelength changes, utilize the relative measurement mode to realize the measurement to thermal expansivity, concrete computing formula is following:
Wherein:
is composite block thermal expansivity to be measured;
is standard sample piece thermal expansivity;
is fiber-optic grating sensor
fixed position on the standard sample piece and the distance of anchor clamps;
is the fixed position of fiber-optic grating sensor on composite block to be measured and the distance of anchor clamps;
is fiber-optic grating sensor length;
is distance between composite block to be measured and the standard sample piece;
is temperature variation; Record by thermopair; The centre wavelength drift value that
causes for grid region (2); The centre wavelength drift value that
causes for grid region (3);
is the strain sensitivity of fiber-optic grating sensor; Obtain by experimental calibration;
is fiber-optic grating sensor centre wavelength, recorded by (FBG) demodulator.
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Cited By (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN103217454A (en) * | 2013-03-22 | 2013-07-24 | 南京航空航天大学 | Fiber bragg grating measurement system and method for cylindrical structure thermal diffusivity |
| CN104483341A (en) * | 2014-12-12 | 2015-04-01 | 广西科技大学 | Test method of temperature sensing performance of intelligent carbon fiber plate |
| CN104677928A (en) * | 2015-02-27 | 2015-06-03 | 山东大学 | Testing method for anisotropic thermal-expansion coefficient of continuous-fiber-reinforced resin-based composite material |
| CN105738407A (en) * | 2016-03-01 | 2016-07-06 | 中国科学院国家天文台 | Thermal expansion coefficient detection method and device for anchor cup |
| CN105783751A (en) * | 2014-12-17 | 2016-07-20 | 中国航空工业集团公司沈阳发动机设计研究所 | Method for testing supporting point vector deformation under multi-field coupling |
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| CN109631745A (en) * | 2019-02-01 | 2019-04-16 | 广西大学 | A kind of high-precision strain transducer and its method for increasing sensitivity and range |
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| EP3147656A3 (en) * | 2015-09-25 | 2017-04-12 | Mitutoyo Corporation | Coefficient-of-thermal-expansion measurement |
| EP3190405A1 (en) * | 2015-09-25 | 2017-07-12 | Mitutoyo Corporation | Coefficient-of-thermal-expansion measurement |
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| CN105738407B (en) * | 2016-03-01 | 2019-02-01 | 中国科学院国家天文台 | Anchor cup thermal expansion coefficient detection method and detection device |
| CN105738407A (en) * | 2016-03-01 | 2016-07-06 | 中国科学院国家天文台 | Thermal expansion coefficient detection method and device for anchor cup |
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