CN102788397A - Heat pump air-conditioning system of electric vehicle - Google Patents
Heat pump air-conditioning system of electric vehicle Download PDFInfo
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- CN102788397A CN102788397A CN2012103253277A CN201210325327A CN102788397A CN 102788397 A CN102788397 A CN 102788397A CN 2012103253277 A CN2012103253277 A CN 2012103253277A CN 201210325327 A CN201210325327 A CN 201210325327A CN 102788397 A CN102788397 A CN 102788397A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
- Y02B30/70—Efficient control or regulation technologies, e.g. for control of refrigerant flow, motor or heating
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Abstract
The invention relates to a heat pump air-conditioning system of an electric vehicle. The heat pump air-conditioning system comprises a compressor, a condenser inside the vehicle, a condenser outside the vehicle, expansion valves, a first stop valve, a second stop valve, an evaporator inside the vehicle and a liquid and gas separator. The heat pump air-conditioning system is characterized by further comprising an evaporator outside the vehicle. A first stroke section is formed between an outlet of the compressor and an inlet of the condenser outside the vehicle, and the condenser inside the vehicle is serially connected onto the stroke section; a second stroke section is formed between an inlet and an outlet of the condenser outside the vehicle; a third stroke section is formed between an outlet of the condenser outside the vehicle and an inlet of the liquid and gas separator and comprises a first branch and a second branch, the first stop valve and the evaporator inside the vehicle are serially connected to form the first branch, the second stop valve and the evaporator outside the vehicle are serially connected to form the second branch, and the expansion valves are arranged at front ends of the two evaporators; and a fourth stroke section is formed between the inlet and an outlet of the liquid and gas separator. The evaporator outside the vehicle is arranged behind the condenser outside the vehicle, heat discharged from the condenser outside the vehicle is transferred to the evaporator outside the vehicle, so that the temperature of the periphery of the evaporator outside the vehicle is increased, and working conditions at the temperature below minus 5 DEG C are met.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to automotive air-conditioning system, particularly electric automobile heat-pump air-conditioning system.
Background technology
Electric automobile does not have orthodox car to be used for the engine exhaust heat of heating, and the heating thermal source can't be provided.Therefore, electric vehicle air conditioning system must self have the function of heating, promptly adopt heat pump type air conditioner system with (or) the electrical heating heat supply.Common heat pump has following two kinds at present, respectively referring to Fig. 5 and Fig. 6:
Fig. 5 is the simplest common air conditioning for automobiles heat pump, and this heat pump is connected and composed by heat exchanger 16, liquid-gas separator 8 and expansion valve 4 in compressor 1, four-way change-over valve 14, car external heat exchanger 15, the car.The used parts of this heat pump are few, and cost is low, through the flow direction of four-way change-over valve switching refrigerant, realize the purpose of refrigeration or heating.But there is a significant disadvantages in this system, promptly can't realize the heating dehumidification function, and there is traffic safety hidden danger in demist fast and effeciently under some weather condition.
Fig. 6 is another kind of common air conditioning for automobiles heat pump, referring to application number is: 200510027576.8, and name is called: the application for a patent for invention of electric automobile heat-pump air-conditioning system.This system improves on the basis of system shown in Figure 5; Increase a car inner condenser 2, expansion valve 17, two check valves (18,19), two stop valves (5,6), can realize the heating dehumidification function when this system matches is good, but owing to be in the heating circulation time; The car external heat exchanger uses as evaporimeter; Need to absorb the heat of external environment, when therefore temperature was low outside car, car external heat exchanger temperature and ambient temperature were approaching; The car external heat exchanger can not absorb heat from external environment effectively, causes system can't continue operation.In addition; When the outer temperature of car was low, if contain in the air than juicy, then airborne moisture can be in the surface frosting of car external heat exchanger; Car external heat exchanger after the frosting can not absorb heat from external environment more effectively, causes system can't continue to provide heating function.So this system is generally just can't operate as normal below-5 ℃.
Summary of the invention
The present invention provides a kind of electric automobile heat-pump air-conditioning system for solving the technical problem that exists in the known technology, and this air-conditioning system has the function of refrigeration, heating, ventilation and dehumidifying, and can operate as normal under the outdoor environment below-5 ℃.
The technical scheme that the present invention takes for the technical problem that exists in the solution known technology is:
Electric automobile heat-pump air-conditioning system; Comprise evaporimeter and liquid-gas separator in compressor, car inner condenser, car external condenser, expansion valve, first stop valve, second stop valve, the car; It is characterized in that: also comprise the outer evaporimeter of car, the outer evaporimeter of said car is arranged in the back of car external condenser; According to the flow direction of refrigerant, be connected to form first trip segment through pipeline between the import of the outlet of compressor and car external condenser, said car inner condenser is serially connected on the trip section; Form second trip segment between the import of said car external condenser and the outlet; Form the third trip section between the outlet of said car external condenser and the import of liquid-gas separator; The trip section comprise by evaporimeter in first stop valve, the car be connected in series first branch road that forms and second stop valve in order, the outer evaporimeter of car is connected in series second branch road that forms in order; Two branch roads are parallel to be connected, and said expansion valve is located at the front end of interior evaporimeter of car and the outer evaporimeter of car; The outlet of said liquid-gas separator links to each other with the import of compressor, forms fourth line journey section between the import of liquid-gas separator and the outlet.
The technical scheme that the present invention can also take is:
The 3rd stop valve, the 4th stop valve also are installed on said first trip segment; The outlet of compressor links to each other with the import of the 3rd stop valve import and the 4th stop valve respectively through three-way connection; Flow direction according to refrigerant; The 3rd stop valve is connected in series in order with the car inner condenser and forms the 3rd branch road; Form the 4th branch road between the import of said the 4th stop valve and the outlet, said the 3rd branch road is connected with the 4th branch road is parallel.
Also be serially connected with first check valve on said the 3rd branch road, the import of said first check valve links to each other with the outlet of car inner condenser.
Said expansion valve is single, and the import of expansion valve links to each other with the outlet of car external condenser, and the outlet of expansion valve links to each other with the import of first stop valve and the import of second stop valve through three-way connection.
Said expansion valve is two, and wherein the import of an expansion valve links to each other with the outlet of first stop valve, and the outlet of this expansion valve links to each other with the import of evaporimeter in the car; The import of another expansion valve links to each other with the outlet of second stop valve, and the outlet of this expansion valve links to each other with the import of the outer evaporimeter of car.
Also be serially connected with second check valve on said second branch road, the import of said second check valve links to each other with the outlet of the outer evaporimeter of car.
The distance of outer evaporimeter of said car and car external condenser is 5～30mm.
Advantage and good effect that the present invention has are:
The present invention arranges the outer evaporimeter of a car in the back of car external condenser, when heating circular flow, car external condenser and car have refrigerant to flow through simultaneously in the evaporimeter outward and carry out heat exchange with the external world; Under the effect of condenser fan; Car external condenser liberated heat passes to the outer evaporimeter of car, and continues heat exchange with the outer evaporimeter of car, utilizes car external condenser liberated heat to improve the running environment of the outer evaporimeter of car like this; Promptly improve the outer evaporimeter of car temperature on every side; When guaranteeing that the outer temperature of car is low the outer evaporimeter frost-free of car and can with the effective heat exchange of external environment, therefore, this kind air conditioning for automobiles heat pump can worked below-5 ℃; Overcome the shortcoming of common general-utility car air conditioner heat pump system, had all functions of the existing air conditioning for automobiles that comprises the heating defrosting simultaneously at cisco unity malfunction below-5 ℃.This heat pump can be applicable to new-energy automobiles such as pure electric automobile, hybrid vehicle and fuel cell car.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of first kind of embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of second kind of embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of the third embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the structural representation of the 4th kind of embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is the structural representation that does not have the heat pump of dehumidification function in the prior art;
Fig. 6 is the structural representation that has the heat pump of dehumidification function in the prior art.
Among the figure: 1, compressor; 2, car inner condenser; 3, car external condenser; 4, expansion valve; 4-1, first expansion valve; 4-2, second expansion valve; 5, first stop valve; 6, second stop valve; 7, evaporimeter in the car; 8, liquid-gas separator; 9, the outer evaporimeter of car; 10, the 3rd stop valve; 11, the 4th stop valve; 12, first check valve; 13, second check valve; 14, four-way change-over valve; 15, car external heat exchanger; 16, heat exchanger in the car; 17, expansion valve; 18, check valve; 19, check valve.
The specific embodiment
For further understanding summary of the invention of the present invention, characteristics and effect, the following examples of giving an example now, and conjunction with figs. specifies as follows:
Embodiment 1:
See also Fig. 1; Electric automobile heat-pump air-conditioning system; Comprise evaporimeter 7 and liquid-gas separator 8 in compressor 1, car inner condenser 2, car external condenser 3, expansion valve 4, first stop valve 5, second stop valve 6, the car; Also comprise the outer evaporimeter 9 of car, the outer evaporimeter of said car is arranged in the back of car external condenser.According to the flow direction of refrigerant, be connected to form first trip segment through pipeline between the import of the outlet of compressor and car external condenser, said car inner condenser is serially connected on the trip section.Form second trip segment between the import of said car external condenser and the outlet.Form the third trip section between the outlet of said car external condenser and the import of liquid-gas separator; The trip section comprise by evaporimeter in first stop valve, the car be connected in series first branch road that forms and second stop valve in order, the outer evaporimeter of car is connected in series second branch road that forms in order; Two branch roads are parallel to be connected, and said expansion valve is located at the front end of interior evaporimeter of car and the outer evaporimeter of car.The outlet of said liquid-gas separator links to each other with the import of compressor, forms fourth line journey section between the import of liquid-gas separator and the outlet.Concrete, in the present embodiment, the import of car inner condenser links to each other with the outlet of compressor, and the outlet of car inner condenser links to each other with the import of car external condenser; Expansion valve is single, and the import of expansion valve links to each other with the outlet of car external condenser, and the outlet of expansion valve links to each other with the import of first stop valve and the import of second stop valve through three-way connection.
In the technique scheme: the distance of outer evaporimeter of car and car external condenser is preferably: 5～30mm.This distance range has guaranteed that on the one hand the outer evaporimeter of car has good heat exchange efficiency, has guaranteed whole heat pump type air conditioning system connection and reasonable arrangement on the other hand.
The operation principle of this embodiment:
The heating circulation time, first stop valve is closed, and second stop valve is opened; Refrigerant comes out after car inner condenser, car external condenser from compressor; Get into the outer evaporimeter of car behind expansion valve, second stop valve, behind liquid-gas separator, flow back to compressor again, accomplish the heating circulation.During kind of refrigeration cycle, first stop valve is opened, and second stop valve is closed; Refrigerant comes out after car inner condenser, car external condenser from compressor; Evaporimeter into the car behind expansion valve, first stop valve flows back to compressor again behind liquid-gas separator, accomplish kind of refrigeration cycle.
Embodiment 2:
See also Fig. 2; This embodiment is with embodiment 1 difference: said expansion valve is two; Wherein the import of an expansion valve (claiming the first expansion valve 4-1 at this) links to each other with the outlet of first stop valve, and the outlet of this expansion valve links to each other with the import of evaporimeter in the car; The import of another expansion valve (claiming the second expansion valve 4-2 at this) links to each other with the outlet of second stop valve, and the outlet of this expansion valve links to each other with the import of the outer evaporimeter of car.
The operation principle of this embodiment is referring to embodiment 1; Be with the difference of embodiment 1: embodiment 1 is controlled first branch road and second branch road through an expansion valve; This embodiment is provided with an expansion valve respectively on two branch roads, carry out independent control.
Embodiment 3:
See also Fig. 3, the difference of this embodiment and embodiment 1 is: the 3rd stop valve 10, the 4th stop valve 11 also are installed on said first trip segment.The outlet of compressor links to each other with the import of the 3rd stop valve import and the 4th stop valve respectively through three-way connection.According to the flow direction of refrigerant, the 3rd stop valve is connected in series in order with the car inner condenser and forms the 3rd branch road, forms the 4th branch road between the import of said the 4th stop valve and the outlet, and said the 3rd branch road is connected with the 4th branch road is parallel.
The operation principle of this embodiment:
The heating circulation time, the 3rd stop valve is opened, and the 4th stop valve is closed; Refrigerant becomes the gaseous coolant of HTHP after compressor compresses; Gaseous coolant flows into the car inner condenser behind the 3rd stop valve, in car inner condenser process of flowing, carry out heat release with heated with ambient air, is installed in the wind that the air blast in the air conditioning HVAC produces by boasting the hot-air around the car inner condenser is taken away; To driver's cabin, reach the heating purpose through air channel, air outlet after-blow.Temperature, pressure all decrease after the heat exchange of gaseous coolant process car inner condenser; Get into the heat release and with heated with ambient air once more of car external condenser through pipeline then; The Hot air quilt condenser fan blows to the outer evaporimeter of car and drains after the heat exchange once more; The outer evaporimeter ambient air temperature of car this moment is apparently higher than environment temperature, for the outer evaporimeter heat exchange of car provides advantage.Become the supercooled liquid refrigerant after the heat release of gaseous coolant process car external condenser, temperature further reduces, and flows into expansion valve through pipeline; This moment, second stop valve was opened, and first stop valve is closed, and refrigerant becomes the gas-liquid mixed state after expansion valve throttling step-down; Pressure, temperature all significantly reduce, and flow into outer evaporimeter of car and surrounding air heat exchange through second stop valve then, because of refrigerant temperature is starkly lower than the outer evaporimeter ambient air temperature of car; So temperature raises to some extent the refrigerant in the outer evaporimeter of car absorbs heat from surrounding air after; Get into liquid-gas separator through pipeline then, liquid-gas separator separates gaseous coolant with liquid refrigerants, and liquid refrigerants is stayed in the liquid-gas separator; Gaseous coolant then is inhaled in the compressor through pipeline, accomplishes a circulation.Circulation is carried out continuously, then has hot blast and gets into driver's cabin continuously, reaches the purpose to driver's cabin heating.
During kind of refrigeration cycle, the 3rd stop valve is closed, and the 4th stop valve is opened; Refrigerant becomes the gaseous coolant of HTHP after compressor compresses, gaseous coolant flows into the car external condenser behind the 4th stop valve, after the heat release of car external condenser; Become the supercooled liquid refrigerant, temperature reduces, and flows into expansion valve through pipeline then; This moment, first stop valve was opened, and second stop valve is closed, and refrigerant becomes the gas-liquid mixed state after expansion valve throttling step-down; Pressure, temperature all significantly reduce, and flow into evaporimeter and surrounding air heat exchange in the car through first stop valve then, because of refrigerant temperature is starkly lower than ambient air temperature; So the refrigerant in the car in the evaporimeter absorbs heat from surrounding air, make the ambient air temperature rapid drawdown and become cold air, be installed in the wind that the air blast in the air conditioning HVAC produces by boasting the cold air around the evaporimeter in the car is taken away; To driver's cabin, reach the refrigeration purpose through air channel, air outlet after-blow.Temperature raises to some extent after the interior evaporimeter heat exchange of gaseous coolant process car; Get into liquid-gas separator through pipeline, liquid-gas separator separates gaseous coolant with liquid refrigerants, and liquid refrigerants is stayed in the liquid-gas separator; Gaseous coolant then is inhaled in the compressor through pipeline, accomplishes a circulation.Circulation is carried out continuously, then has cold wind and gets into driver's cabin continuously, reaches the purpose to the driver's cabin refrigeration.
Embodiment 4: this embodiment is with embodiment 3 differences: said expansion valve is two; Wherein the import of an expansion valve (claiming the first expansion valve 4-1 at this) links to each other with the outlet of first stop valve, and the outlet of this expansion valve links to each other with the import of evaporimeter in the car; The import of another expansion valve (claiming the second expansion valve 4-2 at this) links to each other with the outlet of second stop valve, and the outlet of this expansion valve links to each other with the import of the outer evaporimeter of car.
The operation principle of this embodiment is referring to embodiment 3; Be with the difference of embodiment 3: embodiment 3 is controlled first branch road and second branch road through an expansion valve; This embodiment is provided with an expansion valve respectively on two branch roads, carry out independent control.
Technique scheme realizes that the mode of dehumidifying is identical; Specifically there are two kinds: 1) at the heating circulation time; Open first stop valve, close second stop valve, then refrigerant can be through the outer evaporimeter of car but in the car evaporimeter carry out heat exchange; Moisture in the driver's cabin can condense into water and be discharged to outside the car by evaporimeter in the very low car of temperature, reaches the purpose of heating dehumidifying.But this moment, the hot blast temperature of air-conditioner air outlet can reduce, and can exert an influence to the heating effect after long-time, so should not adopt this heating dehumidification mode for a long time.2) at the heating circulation time, open first stop valve and second stop valve simultaneously, this moment, the refrigerant outer evaporimeter of car of flowing through simultaneously carried out heat exchange with the Che Nei evaporimeter, and evaporimeter is discharged to the hydrogenesis Cheng Shui in the driver's cabin outside the car in the car, accomplishes heating and dehumidifies.
Above-mentioned embodiment 3 and 4 is than embodiment 1 and 2; Increase by two stop valves and formed two branch roads; Purpose is: in when refrigeration refrigerant car inner condenser of not flowing through, the heat effects air conditioner refrigerating effect that gives out when refrigerant is flowed through the car inner condenser in the time of can preventing to freeze like this (especially obvious when the changes in temperature air door in the air-conditioner housing is not closed completely).When kind of refrigeration cycle; For avoiding under the situation that the 3rd stop valve damages, refrigerant forms refluence on the 3rd branch road, on the 3rd branch road, further be serially connected with first check valve 12; First check valve is located at the rear end of car inner condenser, i.e. the import of first check valve links to each other with the outlet of car inner condenser.
In the technique scheme: when kind of refrigeration cycle, first branch road is opened, and second branch road should be closed; For avoiding under the situation that second stop valve damages; Refrigerant forms refluence on second branch road, in the present invention, on second branch road, further be serially connected with second check valve 13; Second check valve is located at the rear end of the outer evaporimeter of car, i.e. the import of second check valve links to each other with the outlet of the outer evaporimeter of car.
Stop valve in the technique scheme is electromagnet cut off valve, and two branch roads that are after the pipeline threeway are respectively installed a stop valve, can threeway and two being made of one of stop valve assemblies be formed a three-way magnetic valve.1 normal open loop and 1 normally closed loop are arranged in the three-way magnetic valve, can close the normal open loop when opening normally closed loop, vice versa.Adopt 2 or 4 stop valves in the system of the present invention, can adopt 1 or 2 three-way magnetic valves replacements, can reduce material usage, pipeline quantity and installation work-hour, save cost.
Expansion valve in the technique scheme can adopt heating power expansion valve or electric expansion valve; The preferential electric expansion valve that adopts can be controlled expansion valve opening more accurately, realizes that cold medium flux is regulated more accurately; Help comfortableness energy-conservation and the raising air-conditioning system, but cost is higher than heating power expansion valve.
The above; It only is preferred embodiment of the present invention; Be not that the present invention is done any pro forma restriction, every foundation technical spirit of the present invention all still belongs in the scope of technical scheme of the present invention any simple modification, equivalent variations and modification that above embodiment did.
Claims (8)
1. electric automobile heat-pump air-conditioning system; Comprise evaporimeter and liquid-gas separator in compressor, car inner condenser, car external condenser, expansion valve, first stop valve, second stop valve, the car; It is characterized in that: also comprise the outer evaporimeter of car, the outer evaporimeter of said car is arranged in the back of car external condenser; According to the flow direction of refrigerant, be connected to form first trip segment through pipeline between the import of the outlet of compressor and car external condenser, said car inner condenser is serially connected on the trip section; Form second trip segment between the import of said car external condenser and the outlet; Form the third trip section between the outlet of said car external condenser and the import of liquid-gas separator; The trip section comprise by evaporimeter in first stop valve, the car be connected in series first branch road that forms and second stop valve in order, the outer evaporimeter of car is connected in series second branch road that forms in order; Two branch roads are parallel to be connected, and said expansion valve is located at the front end of interior evaporimeter of car and the outer evaporimeter of car; The outlet of said liquid-gas separator links to each other with the import of compressor, forms fourth line journey section between the import of liquid-gas separator and the outlet.
2. electric automobile heat-pump air-conditioning system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the 3rd stop valve, the 4th stop valve also are installed on said first trip segment; The outlet of compressor links to each other with the import of the 3rd stop valve import and the 4th stop valve respectively through three-way connection; Flow direction according to refrigerant; The 3rd stop valve is connected in series in order with the car inner condenser and forms the 3rd branch road; Form the 4th branch road between the import of said the 4th stop valve and the outlet, said the 3rd branch road is connected with the 4th branch road is parallel.
3. electric automobile heat-pump air-conditioning system according to claim 2 is characterized in that: also be serially connected with first check valve on said the 3rd branch road, the import of said first check valve links to each other with the outlet of car inner condenser.
4. according to the arbitrary described electric automobile heat-pump air-conditioning system of claim 1-3; It is characterized in that: said expansion valve is single; The import of expansion valve links to each other with the outlet of car external condenser, and the outlet of expansion valve links to each other with the import of first stop valve and the import of second stop valve through three-way connection.
5. according to the arbitrary described electric automobile heat-pump air-conditioning system of claim 1-3, it is characterized in that: said expansion valve is two, and wherein the import of an expansion valve links to each other with the outlet of first stop valve, and the outlet of this expansion valve links to each other with the import of evaporimeter in the car; The import of another expansion valve links to each other with the outlet of second stop valve, and the outlet of this expansion valve links to each other with the import of the outer evaporimeter of car.
6. electric automobile heat-pump air-conditioning system according to claim 4 is characterized in that: also be serially connected with second check valve on said second branch road, the import of said second check valve links to each other with the outlet of the outer evaporimeter of car.
7. electric automobile heat-pump air-conditioning system according to claim 5 is characterized in that: also be serially connected with second check valve on said second branch road, the import of said second check valve links to each other with the outlet of the outer evaporimeter of car.
8. electric automobile heat-pump air-conditioning system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the distance of outer evaporimeter of said car and car external condenser is 5～30mm.
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| CN2012103253277A CN102788397A (en) | 2012-09-05 | 2012-09-05 | Heat pump air-conditioning system of electric vehicle |
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| CN102980262B (en) * | 2012-12-04 | 2014-11-12 | 北京理工大学 | Electric automobile heat pump air conditioning system driven by variable frequency motor |
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Application publication date: 20121121 |