CN1027841C - 具有旋转电弧和自熄弧扩展的断路器 - Google Patents

具有旋转电弧和自熄弧扩展的断路器 Download PDF

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CN1027841C
CN1027841C CN91105235A CN91105235A CN1027841C CN 1027841 C CN1027841 C CN 1027841C CN 91105235 A CN91105235 A CN 91105235A CN 91105235 A CN91105235 A CN 91105235A CN 1027841 C CN1027841 C CN 1027841C
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control device
arc control
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circuit breaker
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CN1058671A (zh
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皮特·玛尔金
罗杰·伯龙吉特-莫布鲁
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Schneider Electric SE
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01HELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/70Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/72Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid having stationary parts for directing the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid, e.g. arc-extinguishing chamber
    • H01H33/74Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid having stationary parts for directing the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid, e.g. arc-extinguishing chamber wherein the break is in gas
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01HELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/70Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/7015Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid characterised by flow directing elements associated with contacts
    • H01H33/7038Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid characterised by flow directing elements associated with contacts characterised by a conducting tubular gas flow enhancing nozzle
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01HELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/70Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/98Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being initiated by an auxiliary arc or a section of the arc, without any moving parts for producing or increasing the flow
    • H01H33/982Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being initiated by an auxiliary arc or a section of the arc, without any moving parts for producing or increasing the flow in which the pressure-generating arc is rotated by a magnetic field

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Abstract

具有旋转电弧和自熄弧扩展的断路器的一个极的灭弧室13包括伸长外罩12,其两端被端板17、18封闭。在罩的内部同轴配置了管状触头14、15和磁力灭弧线圈22。在由触头分开区域限定的灭弧区的高度上,设置了一个接近外罩的套筒31,并留有一环形间隙32。它使位于灭弧区每侧的灭弧室的顶部28和该室的底部29连通起来。该间隙32允许气体在这两部分28、29之间流动,安装在底部29的翅片减慢气体旋转,并导引它们流到灭弧区。

Description

本发明涉及具有旋转电弧和自熄弧扩展的中压或高压断路器,它包括:
-一个充满高绝缘强度气体的密封外壳
-一个具有安装在该外壳内的伸长外罩的灭弧室,它的端部分别用第一和第二端板封闭起来;
-一对安装在灭弧室内的触头,能在该室内的灭弧区内被分离而产生电弧;
-一个磁力灭弧线圈使触头间产生的电弧旋转,它安装在靠近该灭弧室的第一端板处;
-在上述触头中至少安装一条通道来连通灭弧室和外壳,并使灭弧气体可从灭弧室排至外壳。
在所提及的这种断路器中,电弧被灭弧室和外部扩展外壳之间的气流通过一般呈管形的触头来熄灭。这种气压灭弧的性能依赖于灭弧室的体积,高压断路器需要很大的体积,也取决于对这个体积尽可能的利用。为此已提出建议在灭弧室内部安装导向隔板或屏蔽,其目的是导引气流,使它流向触头内的出流管道,或减慢气体旋转,并防止出现过压和减压区。在这些敏感区中容易影响气体的绝缘性 能。
本发明基于观察到受到灭弧区内电弧作用的气体被压缩和驱动而旋转,它导致形成了一个气栓膨胀延伸到灭弧室壁,并把灭弧室分为两部分。这个气栓或间壁防止任何气体从灭弧室的一部分流入另一部分,这是灭弧室容积只有一部分被利用的原因。
本发明的目的是尽管在灭弧区的水平处存在有气栓,通过促进灭弧室两部分间的气体交换提高断路器的性能。
依照本发明的断路器其特征在于:一个导向屏蔽板设置在上述灭弧室内且围绕着在闭合位置的第一和第二触头,该导向屏蔽板的轴向高度大于在开断位置的上述触头分开的距离,该导向屏蔽板的外表面和灭弧室内表面之间形成一个间隙,且上述灭弧室包括邻近上述第一端板形成的第一断开区域和邻近上述第二端板形成的第二断开区域,上述间隙允许气体在上述第一和第二区域之间连通。
导向板屏蔽限制气栓的扩展,并维持位于气栓每侧的灭弧室两部分间的联接通道。气体从位于线圈一侧并具有较小体积的灭弧室的第一部分流出,流向位于动触头一侧的灭弧室的第二部分。
按本发明的一种改进方案,由于气体被导向流向灭弧区,气体交换增加,气体回流靠固定翅片获得。翅片由动触头一侧的灭弧室端板支撑,它减慢或防止气体的旋转。气体不再受离心力的作用,从而能回流到中心部分,从那里它们通过管状触头流向扩展外壳。利用灭弧室全部体积和防止触头区内的减压可实现有效的灭弧,减压易导致飞弧或新的击穿。
这对触头被安置在灭弧室的轴线上,具有伸长的形状。管状触头之一沿该轴线滑动安装。导向板屏蔽的套筒的结构,比如圆筒形伸展得靠近灭弧室壁,同轴围绕在触头断开位置被分开的间隔所限定的灭弧区。圆筒形套筒或表面具有略小于灭弧室罩的直径,也呈圆筒形,以便在位于圆柱形套筒每侧的灭弧室两部分之间安置一个环形联通间隙。套筒也可为平截头形,其减少了的断面朝向断路器的动触头。
按照本发明的另一实施例,套筒是圆筒形的,被嵌入一多边形的外罩,例如方形罩。它沿着圆筒形套筒的轮廓在外部不留任何间隙。在此实施例中,灭弧室两部分之间的联系通道位于外罩的角落,与圆筒形套筒分隔开。也可采用其它的实施方案,特别是多边形横断面的套筒,被嵌入圆筒形或非圆筒形的外罩中。重要的一点是套筒和外罩之间存在有间隙,它溶外罩的内表面伸展,使位于灭弧区每侧的灭弧室的两部分联通。对应于后者轴线方向的套筒高度最好大于在断开位置触头间分开的距离,以便在两侧延伸超出灭弧区。这个高度一般可接近分开距离的两倍,以便有效地限制受电弧作用而膨胀的气体,流向罩壁。
该套筒包括朝向灭弧区的孔隙或孔洞是有利的,能使金属蒸汽通过并到达罩壁,在那里它们被排到与灭弧区相脱离的区域。由端板支撑的翅片的数量及尺寸足以防止气体的旋转。这些翅片,最好采用板式结构,在径向平面上延伸,保持靠近罩的内表面。圆筒形的灭弧线圈与定触头相连,定触头最好是管状的。两个触头分别紧密地穿过地灭弧室的两端板,使灭弧室与扩展外壳连通,外壳对于断路器的每极可以是单独的,或对断路器的三个极是公用的。在后面的情况下,灭弧室的方形横截面能够充分利用有效体积。
在一个优选实施例中,定触头是管状的,触头的内部管道通过侧面的孔与灭弧室连通。于是灭弧室的端板可靠近或毗连外壳端板,外壳的高度也因此而降低了。被电弧作用压缩的气体在定触头内流动,并防止发生易于将电弧拉入触头的减压。排气孔在正对灭弧区的线圈一侧,靠近灭弧室的端板处。
其它的优点和特征从下面对本发明说明性的实施例的描述中将会更加明显,它反作为一个非限制性的例子给出并表示在附图中,图中:
图1是依照本发明的一个断路器极的轴向剖面视图,右半图代表闭合位置,左半图代表断开位置;
图2是图1沿线Ⅱ-Ⅱ的横断面图;
图3是图1的局部视图,表明依照本发明的导向板屏蔽的一个替代实施方案;
图4是与图1类似的视图,表示另一个可选择的实施例。
在附图中,中压或高压断路器的一个极包括一圆筒形的封闭外壳10,在其内部同轴安装了一个伸长的罩12,限定了一个灭弧室13。一对触头之 一14是可动管状触头,另一触头15是固定管状触头,沿灭弧室13的轴线在其内部延伸。定触头15穿过罩12的第一端板17,而动触头14穿过灭弧室13的第二端板18。每一触头14,15通过外壳10的套管延长,与该极的输入和输出连接端板19,20连接。管状触头14、15在外壳10内的部分具有排气孔21,灭弧室13通过该孔与外壳10相通。一个磁力灭弧线圈22同轴紧固在定触头15的外部,有一个环形电极23与动触头14相对,用来使电弧根部旋转。线圈22安装在靠近灭弧室13的第一端板17处。这种断路器对于专攻此道的人是很熟悉的,只要回忆起以下情况就够了:当触头14,15断开时,两触头间拉出的电弧受到线圈22产生的磁场的作用,线圈中有电流通过,在给定时刻通过端子板19输入,通过相对的端子板20输出,并流过触头14、15。包容在灭弧室13中的气体由于电弧的作用被压缩,通过管状触头14,15的内部经由排气孔21排到扩展外壳10中。
这个极以图解的形式示于图1,可包括由动触头24形成的主触头2,它与动触头14牢固连接,并与金属材料制成的罩12的底部边缘相互配合。这个金属罩12在电气上连接在输入端子板19。主触头24、25以任何适当手段调整得到管状触头14,15之前分离,以实现燃弧触头的功能。在断路器闭合位置,几乎全部电流流过闭合的主触头24,25。一旦管状触头14,15分离(在主触头24、25分离之后),电流通过线圈22和管状触头14,15被切换,在这两个触头之间的拉出电弧。
在图1和2所示的实施例中,罩12的横断面是正方形的。在罩12内嵌入了一导向板屏蔽26,由位于触头14,15的分离区水平处的圆柱形套筒形成。圆柱形套筒26放在罩12中,在四角处留出通道27,使位于第一端板17一侧的灭弧室的第一部分28和位于第二端板18一侧的灭弧室的第二部分29之间相连通。圆柱形套筒26的轴向高度大于触头14,15分开的距离,例如大约为这个距离的两倍,以便在两侧延伸超出灭弧区,限制被压缩的气体。
按本发明断路器运行工况如下:
当触头14,15分离时(它在主触头24,25已断开后发生),在分开的触头14,15间拉出的电弧受到磁力灭弧线圈22产生的旋转作用,引起灭弧区内的气体受热,并使气体旋转。这些联合效果导致气体向灭弧室13的周边扩展。以横向隔板的形式形成一个气栓,被圆柱形套筒26所限制。这个气栓或隔板防止任何气体在灭弧室的第一部分28和第二部分29之间流动。但是这种流动可在套筒26和罩12间被限定的通道27中发生。在灭弧室13的第一部分28中的压力一般高于灭弧室其它部分的压力。这种差别显然是由于不同的体积引起的。通道27使气体能够转移,所以灭弧室的所有体积可得到利用。按照本发明的一种改进方案,第二端板18带有板30形状的翅片,布置在靠近罩12的灭弧室13的第二部分29中。这些翅片30减慢或防止气体旋转,从而把来自通道27的气流转移到灭弧区,也有利于灭弧室13内的气压均衡,并防止由于气体的涡旋效应而形成大幅度减压。由于靠近触头14,15的区域内气体密度减少而产生的减压,会引起新的击穿。
很明显,在灭弧室13中,翅片30的外形及它们的安置可以是不同的。它们的唯一目的是限制灭弧室中的气体旋转。若干个灭弧室13可安装在同一外壳内,特别是三个灭弧室形成一个三极断路器。这些灭弧室的方形横断面能够充分利用有效空间。灭弧室13的横断面可以是圆形的。这种灭弧室13的罩12的直径略大于同轴套筒26的直径,以便在灭弧室13的第一部分28和第二部分29之间设置一个环形的联通间隙。
图3表示出上述这种可选择的实施例,其中灭弧室13包括一圆筒形罩12,在它里面安装了一个平截头体形状的套筒31,其截面减少部分朝向灭弧室13的第二端板18。壁12和同轴平截头形套筒31间的间隙32向下扩张,有利于气体流向灭弧室13的第二部分29的中心。这种布置有利于气体回流到灭弧区,但其它配置也是可能的。平截头体形状的套筒31包括朝向触头14,15的分离区的孔隙或排气孔33,能使触头上因电弧作用产生的金属蒸汽通过,到达排气间隔32,位于与触头14,15相脱离的区域。这种有限的外流并不妨碍在灭弧室13的第一部分28和第二部分29之间的气流。很明显,这种孔隙33也可安置在如图1所示的那种套筒26中或其它任何类似的套筒中。
套筒26,31象方形或圆形横断面的罩12一样,用金属制作是便利的。但是很明显,使用绝缘 材料制造套筒和(或)罩12并不偏离本发明的精神实质,在这种情况下,端板17,18并不一定要用绝缘材料制成。本发明一点也不限制于此处具体描述的实施例。
参照图4,可以看到管状定触头15在其端部被封闭,靠近该封闭端的横向排气孔34使触头15内部与灭弧室13相联通。这样,在灭弧室13周边,由于电弧作用而被压缩的气体可以流过管状触头15到达燃弧区,如箭头所示,从而防止电弧深入管状触头。这种结构使灭弧室13的端板17毗连外壳10的端板。

Claims (10)

1、一种电力断路器,包括:
一个充满高绝缘强度气体的密封外壳,
一个具有伸长外罩具其相对两端分别用第一和第二端板密封起来的灭弧室,该灭弧室安装在上述密封外壳内,
一个第一触头和一个第二触头,它们相互分离时限定开断位置,而该第一和第二触头相互接合时限定闭合位置,
一个邻近上述灭弧室的第一端板安装的磁力灭弧线圈,该磁力灭弧线圈用来产生一个磁场,以帮助熄灭在第一和第二触头分离时所形成的电弧,
至少一条在上述第一和第二触头之一内形成的通道,以在灭弧室和密封外壳之间使气体连通,
其特征在于:一个导向屏蔽板设置在上述灭弧室内且围绕着在上述闭合位置的上述第一和第二触头,该导向屏蔽板的轴向高度大于在上述开断位置的上述触头分开的距离,该导向屏蔽板的外表面和灭弧室内表面之间形成一个间隙,且上述灭弧室包括邻近上述第一端板形成的第一断开区域和邻近上述第二端板形成的第二断开区域,上述间隙允许气体在上述第一和第二区域之间连通。
2、依照权利要求1的断路器,其特征在于,上述第二端板(18)位于远离线圈(22)处,具有减慢气体旋转的装置(30),有利于气体流向灭弧区。
3、依照权利要求1的断路器,其特征在于上述一对触头(14,15)在灭弧室(13)的轴线上伸展,管状动触头(14)被沿该轴线滑动安装,上述屏蔽(26,31)由一个套筒构成,以该轴线为中心,靠近外罩(12)壁,留出上述的间隙。
4、依照权利要求3的断路器,其特征在于灭弧室(13)的外罩(12)和套筒(26,31)具有同轴圆筒形表面,该套筒的直径略小于外罩的直径,以限定一个联通灭弧室上述第一和第二部分的环形间隙(32)。
5、依照权利要求3的断路器,其特征在于上述外罩(12)的横断面是多边形的,上述套筒(26)的横断面的圆筒形,并被包含在外罩(12)中,以便在外罩的角落处限定联通灭弧室(13)的第一部分(28)和第二部分(29)的上述间隙(27)。
6、依照权利要求3的断路器,其特征在于上述套筒(31)具有平截头形的表面,其顶点与上述第二端板(18)位于同侧。
7、依照权利要求1的断路器,其特征在于,上述屏蔽(26,31)包括孔隙(33),使来自灭弧区的金属蒸汽通过,并到达上述间隙(27,32)。
8、依照权利要求1的断路器,其特征在于上述第二端板(18)带有板形的翅片(30),在上述第二部分(29)中沿灭弧室(13)的内部周边径向伸展。
9、依照权利要求1的断路器,其特征在于圆筒形线圈(22)一端被固定在外罩(12)的上述第一端板(17)上,线圈的另一端带有一个环形电极(23),组成一个定触头,与沿灭弧室(13)轴线滑动安装的管状动触头(14)相互配合。
10、依照任一前述权利要求的断路器,其特征在于管状动触头包括出现在上述外壳中的侧面排气孔(21),使得触头内部与上述外壳相连通,定触头是管状的,包括出现在上述灭弧室中的侧面排气孔,允许气体在定触头内流动。
CN91105235A 1990-08-01 1991-07-31 具有旋转电弧和自熄弧扩展的断路器 Expired - Fee Related CN1027841C (zh)

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FR9009938 1990-08-01
FR9009938A FR2665571B1 (fr) 1990-08-01 1990-08-01 Disjoncteur electrique a arc tournant et a autoexpansion.

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CN1027841C true CN1027841C (zh) 1995-03-08

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DE69106266D1 (de) 1995-02-09
CA2047476C (en) 2000-09-12
AU642758B2 (en) 1993-10-28
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MX9100444A (es) 1992-04-01
CN1058671A (zh) 1992-02-12
FR2665571B1 (fr) 1992-10-16
EP0470014A1 (fr) 1992-02-05
RU2037902C1 (ru) 1995-06-19
KR920005203A (ko) 1992-03-28
KR100204546B1 (ko) 1999-06-15
FR2665571A1 (fr) 1992-02-07
AU8146591A (en) 1992-02-06
JP3083597B2 (ja) 2000-09-04
EP0470014B1 (fr) 1994-12-28
CA2047476A1 (en) 1992-02-02
ZA916014B (en) 1992-04-29
US5347097A (en) 1994-09-13
JPH04253129A (ja) 1992-09-08

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