CN102778370A - Sample preparation method for accurately measuring trace hydrogen in steel - Google Patents
Sample preparation method for accurately measuring trace hydrogen in steel Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a sample preparation method for accurately measuring trace hydrogen in steel, characterized by controlling the sampling mode and processing method of samples and carrying out necessary pretreatment on the samples before the determination of hydrogen to measure the accurate hydrogen content in the steel, wherein there are three key points: 1, preventing the temperature rise of the samples in the processing process to inhibit the escape of the inherent hydrogen in the steel, and including the steps of leaving enough processing balance when blanking and accurately controlling the rotating speed when processing; 2, storing and transporting test samples of the determination of hydrogen to effectively inhibit the escape of hydrogen from ferrite steel when storing at room temperature; and 3, carrying out ultrasonic cleaning on the samples before analyzing the determination of hydrogen to remove the influence of hydrogen to the surface to let the result of the determination of hydrogen really reflect the inherent hydrogen content in the steel. According to the invention, the method solves the problem of inaccurate measurement of hydrogen content in the steel, by using the test samples of the determination of hydrogen prepared by the method according to the standard of GB/T 223.82-2007, the accurate trace hydrogen content in the steel can be obtained, reliable data are provided for diffusion hydrogen heat treatment in industrial production, and the effective enforcement of policies of energy saving and emission reduction is benefited.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to chemical composition analysis and method for making sample technical field; Be specially the method for making sample of trace hydrogen in a kind of accurate mensuration steel; Through sample being carried out necessary pre-service, can record in the steel hydrogen content accurately to the control of sample sampling mode and job operation and before deciding hydrogen.
Background technology
As everyone knows, gas has great influence to steel product quality in the steel, the hydrogen in the steel, oxygen, gases such as nitrogen be occur in the steel ingot loose, the main cause of defectives such as bubble, wherein hydrogen causes the basic reason of white point and toughness plasticity decline in the steel especially.Measure hydrogen richness in the steel exactly, for smelting process provides reliable data, so that it is most important to improving the quality of products to control its content range.And the accuracy of test data how, and key is whether whether sample representative reasonable with method for making sample.For the mensuration of hydrogen in the steel, even the sampling of same stove is analyzed on same instrument, its result is owing to the difference of sampling, sample making course still can occur than big-difference.In addition because the atomic radius of hydrogen is less; It is at ferrous materials; Particularly rate of propagation is very fast in the ferritic steel with body centred cubic bcc structure; And very responsive to temperature, stress etc., therefore, decide the hydrogen result and also greatly depend on sample time, preserving type, decide factors such as hydrogen time and working specification.
At present also there be not hydrogen sampling and method for making sample in the steel of standard in country; The workman is in the sampling sample preparation and decide the hydrogen process and do not have corresponding standard and do reference; Operating process has great randomness, thereby causes the hydrogen of deciding of some major products to detect dispersion of data, and testing result is irregular to be followed; Confidence level is poor, can't instruct next step expansion hydrogen Technology for Heating Processing.
The purposes of ferritic steel is very extensive; And because the tetrahedral interstice radius of bcc structure is less; The hydrogen solubleness therein that exists with the interstitial atom form is extremely low, and hydrogen coefficient of diffusion in such shaped steel is relatively large, and the susceptibility that therefore forms white-spot defects is high.Therefore, for some important ferrite type shaped steel, general requirement hydrogen richness wherein is less than 2ppm (μ g/g).For example; The core voltage force container uses the SA508-3 steel to be ferritic steel, and these parts are on active service under the environment of high temperature, high pressure and high radiation throughout the year, to the requirement of hydrogen content (＜0.8ppm) than general steel grade (＜2ppm) more harsh; If can not accurately confirm hydrogen content wherein; On the one hand, if detected value is higher than actual value, then need about 600 ℃, carry out the expansion hydrogen thermal treatment of 300～500h to it; So not only make the service efficiency of heat-treatment furnace reduce greatly, and caused the significant wastage of the energy; On the other hand, if detected value is on the low side than actual value, can not assess accurately then that real hydrogen content makes the security of nuclear power operation reduce greatly to the potential hazard that parts cause in the steel.
Therefore, for reflecting the hydrogen richness in the steel effectively, objectively, demand inventing the perfect sampling-sample preparation of a cover science-Ding hydrogen detection method urgently.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of sampling method for making sample of accurately confirming trace hydrogen in the steel; Solve this difficult problem of hydrogen richness indeterminacy in the current steel; Can formulate rational expansion hydrogen Technology for Heating Processing according to this; Promote the safety in utilization and raising heat treatment efficiency of critical product, advance the enforcement of energy-saving and emission-reduction policy.
Technical scheme of the present invention is:
The method for making sample of trace hydrogen in a kind of accurate mensuration steel comprises blanking, roughing, processing eventually,
1) blanking: get workpiece and carry out hot or the cold conditions cutting stock; Each face should be reserved the process redundancy of 30mm at least during the flame cutting; To avoid cutting the heat-affected zone to deciding the influence of hydrogen analysis result; Promptly, at first, select hot or cold conditions cutting stock according to the quality requirements of actual product for the workpiece of difformity and size; Initial blanking must guarantee enough big process redundancy, to avoid cutting the heat-affected zone to deciding the influence of hydrogen analysis result.
2) roughing: the processing mode through sawing machine or Wire EDM with blank roughing for long and wide be 5.5～6.5mm, height is that strip intermediate state coupon or the diameter of 60～80mm is 5.5～6.5mm, height is the cylindrical intermediate state coupon of 60～80mm.
3) processing eventually: the coupon after the roughing is delivered to lathe carry out finishing, reach the size that requires of deciding the hydrogen sample---diameter is 3.5～4.5mm, highly is the pole of 60～80mm.
4) pre-service: will decide hydrogen coupon pincers and be broken into and decide the hydrogen sample; Decide in analyzing pure phenixin, to carry out the ultrasonic cleaning of 3～5min before the hydrogen to clamping disconnected sample; Ultrasonic frequency is taken out with tweezers afterwards and decide the hydrogen sample and places to dry on the clean filter paper afterwards in the time of≤3min, to weigh and decide hydrogen between 20～40KHz.
The detailed step that the hydrogen sample is decided in hot and cold conditions cutting stock, sample system of getting and pre-service is (as shown in Figure 1) as follows:
1. hot and cold conditions cutting stock:
A, the hot sampling of steel billet: steel billet when being cooled to 400～600 ℃, carries out flame cutting stock to it after forging processing, and cutting position is chosen in forging termination or other reserved location place, and avoids from rising head or mouth of a river sampling; For small-sized forging (the following forging of 5t), can downcut the test block that thickness is not less than 100mm along its termination xsect; For large forgings (the above forging of 5t and 5t), can downcut the square test block that length is 90～110mm from its termination; Sample through the flame cutting is quickly cooled to room temperature;
B, the sampling of workpiece cold conditions: after the workpiece after forging and the subsequent heat treatment is chilled to room temperature, on lathe, cuts and decide the hydrogen test block, cutting position is chosen in forging termination or other reserved location place, and avoids from rising head or mouth of a river sampling; Process is taked the liquid coolant cooling, to guarantee that sample temperature is lower than 50 ℃ in the process; For small-sized forging (the following forging of 5t), can downcut the test block that thickness is not less than 70mm along its termination xsect; For large forgings (the above forging of 5t and 5t), can downcut the square test block that length is 60～80mm from its termination.
2. decide the roughing and the preservation of hydrogen test block:
A, decide the roughing of hydrogen test block: adopt the method processing of sawing machine or Wire EDM to produce the intermediate state coupon from deciding hydrogen test block center position; Take the liquid coolant cooling in the process, be lower than 50 ℃ to guarantee sample temperature; Intermediate state coupon size: long and wide is 5.5～6.5mm, and height is that strip coupon or the diameter of 60～80mm is 5.5～6.5mm, and height is the cylindrical coupon of 60～80mm;
The preservation of b, intermediate state coupon: the intermediate state coupon has small cross section and relatively large surface area; Overflow in the diffusion of room temperature for avoiding hydrogen; Intermediate state coupon after the completion of processing is put into the liquid nitrogen storage and transport immediately, before it being carried out processing at end, take out.
3. decide the processing eventually and preservation of hydrogen coupon:
A, decide the eventually processing of hydrogen coupon: the turning of intermediate state coupon is processed as diameter 3.5～4.5mm, and the cylindrical coupon of high 60～80mm guarantees the cleaning of lathe tool and anchor clamps, avoids contacting any type of greasy dirt; Turning speed must be less than or equal to 250r/min and (be generally 80～250r/min), to guarantee that specimen temperature is not higher than 50 ℃ in the process;
B, decide the preservation of hydrogen coupon: the hydrogen coupon of deciding after the turning is placed in the clean sample bag, in liquid nitrogen or dry ice, preserves and transmits, taking-up before decide hydrogen and analyzing; Decide the roughing of hydrogen coupon, process and decide the hydrogen analysis and must within 24h, accomplish end; Whole process is avoided humidity and greasy dirt.
4. decide hydrogen and analyze the pre-service of predetermination hydrogen coupon: the coupon pincers after turning is produced are disconnected to be that 3～5 average weights are the sample about 1.0 ± 0.2g; Place and analyze the frequency of operation ultrasonic cleaning 3～5min of pure phenixin, to remove the influence of surface adsorption hydrogen with 20～40KHz; Decide the hydrogen sample through taking out with tweezers after the ultrasonic cleaning and place on the clean filter paper behind the natural air drying, in the time of≤3min, weigh and decide hydrogen.
Beneficial effect of the present invention
Compared with prior art, the invention has the advantages that: the hydrogen of deciding to ferrite type shaped steel in more current Important Project major products is analyzed data dispersion, this problem of confidence level difference, the present invention proposes the method for making sample of trace hydrogen in a kind of accurate mensuration steel.Each link during through the standard sample preparation (through sample being carried out necessary pre-service) to the control of sample sampling mode and job operation and before deciding hydrogen; Obtain deciding comparatively accurately and really the hydrogen data; Three key points are wherein arranged: the one, thus avoid the temperature rise of sample in process to suppress the effusion of intrinsic hydrogen in the steel, the accurate control that must leave enough process redundancy when comprising blanking and add the rotating speed in man-hour; The 2nd, decide hydrogen coupon storage and transport in cooling medium (liquid nitrogen or dry ice etc.), the effusion of hydrogen from ferritic steel when effectively being suppressed at the room temperature placement; The 3rd, decide sample to be carried out ultrasonic cleaning before the hydrogen analysis, removing the influence of surperficial hydrogen, decide the hydrogen result and reflect intrinsic hydrogen richness in the real steel thereby make.
Method for making sample of the present invention has solved the indeterminable difficult problem of hydrogen richness in the current steel; Decide the hydrogen coupon according to GB/T 223.82-2007 standard with what this method for making sample was processed; Can obtain accurately trace hydrogen richness in the steel; Thereby, help effective enforcement of energy-saving and emission-reduction policy for the expansion hydrogen thermal treatment in the commercial production provides authentic data.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 decides processing of hydrogen sample and pretreatment process figure;
Fig. 2 is towards the hot blanking figure of core material.Among the figure: the 1. steel ingot behind the jumping-up, 2. towards core material, 3. sampling point.
Embodiment
The hot preparation of anticipating the hydrogen sample down of embodiment 1:SA508-3 steel drift core material
1. the hot sampling of prefabricated blank: after forging processing, dash core material, when being cooled to 400～600 ℃, towards the core material termination it is being carried out the flame cutting stock, test block is of a size of 100 * 100 * 100mm (as shown in Figure 2).Test block is chilled to room temperature soon.
2. decide the roughing and the preservation of hydrogen test block: a, decide the roughing of hydrogen test block: adopt the processing mode processing of Wire EDM to produce the intermediate state coupon from deciding hydrogen test block center position; The intermediate state coupon is of a size of the pole of φ 6 * 60mm.The preservation of b, intermediate state coupon: the intermediate state coupon has small cross section and relatively large surface area; Overflow in the diffusion of room temperature for avoiding hydrogen; Intermediate state coupon after the completion of processing is put into the liquid nitrogen storage and transport immediately, before it being carried out processing at end, take out.
3. the eventually processing of deciding the hydrogen coupon with preserve: a, decide the processing eventually of hydrogen coupon: decide the hydrogen sample with what the turning of intermediate state coupon was processed as φ 4 * 60mm, guarantee the cleaning of lathe tool and anchor clamps, avoid contacting any type of greasy dirt, process uses alcohol to cool off; Turning speed is 80r/min, to guarantee that specimen temperature is not higher than 50 ℃ in the process.B, decide the preservation of hydrogen coupon: the hydrogen coupon of deciding after the turning is placed in the clean sample bag, in liquid nitrogen or dry ice, preserves and transmits, taking-up before decide hydrogen and analyzing.Decide the roughing of hydrogen coupon, eventually processing and decide hydrogen and analyze within 24h and accomplish.Whole process is avoided humidity and greasy dirt.
4. decide hydrogen and analyze the pre-service of predetermination hydrogen coupon: the coupon pincers after car is got are disconnected to be that 4 average weights are the sample about 1.0 ± 0.2g; Place and analyze the frequency of operation ultrasonic cleaning 3～5min of pure phenixin, to remove the influence of surface adsorption hydrogen with 40KHz.Decide the hydrogen sample through taking out with tweezers after the ultrasonic cleaning and placing on the clean filter paper behind the natural air drying, in 3min, weigh and decide hydrogen.
Decide the hydrogen sample by what said method obtained, according to GB/T 223.82-2007 standard, use noble gas impulse melting thermal conductivity method to measure the hydrogen richness in the steel, repeatedly repeated measuring results shows, hydrogen richness mean value is 0.30ppm in the core material.
Embodiment 2: the preparation of anticipating the hydrogen sample under the finished product SA508-3 steel cold conditions
1. finished product SA508-3 steel cold conditions sampling: the finished product appearance after forging after-baking and final thermal treatment and finishing, on lathe, cut and decide the hydrogen test block, cutting position is chosen in the position of reserving into the structure property test.Process is slow and take the liquid coolant cooling, to guarantee that sample temperature is lower than 50 ℃ in the process.Test block is of a size of 70 * 70 * 70mm.
2. decide the roughing and the preservation of hydrogen test block: a, decide the roughing of hydrogen test block: adopt the processing mode processing of Wire EDM to produce the intermediate state coupon from deciding hydrogen test block center position; The intermediate state coupon is of a size of the pole of φ 6 * 60mm.The preservation of b, intermediate state coupon: the intermediate state coupon has small cross section and relatively large surface area; Overflow in the diffusion of room temperature for avoiding hydrogen; Intermediate state coupon after the completion of processing is put into the liquid nitrogen storage and transport immediately, before it being carried out processing at end, take out.
3. the eventually processing of deciding the hydrogen coupon with preserve: a, decide the processing eventually of hydrogen coupon: decide the hydrogen sample with what the turning of intermediate state coupon was processed as φ 4 * 60mm, guarantee the cleaning of lathe tool and anchor clamps, avoid contacting any type of greasy dirt, process uses alcohol to cool off; Turning speed is 80r/min, to guarantee that specimen temperature is not higher than 50 ℃ in the process.B, decide the preservation of hydrogen coupon: the hydrogen coupon of deciding after the turning is placed in the clean sample bag, in liquid nitrogen or dry ice, preserves and transmits, taking-up before decide hydrogen and analyzing.Decide the roughing of hydrogen coupon, eventually processing and decide hydrogen and analyze within 24h and accomplish.Whole process is avoided humidity and greasy dirt.
4. decide hydrogen and analyze the pre-service of predetermination hydrogen coupon: the coupon pincers after car is got are disconnected to be that 4 average weights are the sample about 1.0 ± 0.2g; Place and analyze the frequency of operation ultrasonic cleaning 3～5min of pure phenixin, to remove the influence of surface adsorption hydrogen with 40KHz.Decide the hydrogen sample through taking out with tweezers after the ultrasonic cleaning and placing on the clean filter paper behind the natural air drying, in 3min, weigh and decide hydrogen.
Decide the hydrogen sample by what said method obtained, according to GB/T 223.82-2007 standard, use noble gas impulse melting thermal conductivity method to measure the hydrogen richness in the steel, repeatedly repeated measuring results shows, hydrogen richness mean value is 0.25ppm in the finished product SA508-3 steel.
Comparative Examples 1: the preparation of anticipating the hydrogen sample under the finished product SA508-3 steel cold conditions
1. finished product SA508-3 steel cold conditions sampling: the finished product appearance after forging after-baking, final thermal treatment and machine work, on lathe, cut and decide the hydrogen test block, cutting position is chosen in the position of reserving into the structure property test.Process is slow and take the liquid coolant cooling, to guarantee that sample temperature is lower than 50 ℃ in the process.Test block is of a size of 70 * 70 * 70mm.
2. decide the roughing of hydrogen test block: adopt the processing mode processing of Wire EDM to produce the intermediate state coupon from deciding hydrogen test block center position; The intermediate state coupon is of a size of the pole of φ 6 * 60mm.
3. the eventually processing of deciding the hydrogen coupon with preserve: a, decide the hydrogen sample with what the turning of intermediate state coupon was processed as φ 4 * 60mm, process is used the cooling of oiliness liquid coolant; Turning speed is 80r/min, to guarantee that specimen temperature is not higher than 50 ℃ in the process.The hydrogen coupon of deciding after b, the turning is placed on preservation and transmission in the clean sample bag, and avoids humidity and greasy dirt.
4. decide hydrogen and analyze the pre-service of predetermination hydrogen coupon: the coupon pincers after car is got are disconnected to be that 4 average weights are the sample about 1.0 ± 0.2g; Placing the pure phenixin of analysis to soak 3～5min deoils; Take out with tweezers afterwards and place on the clean filter paper behind the natural air drying, in 3min, weigh and decide hydrogen.
Decide the hydrogen sample by what said method obtained; According to GB/T 223.82-2007 standard, use noble gas impulse melting thermal conductivity method to measure the hydrogen richness in the steel, the hydrogen result data of deciding that obtains comparatively disperses; It is following to enumerate the hydrogen richness data of deciding in the hydrogen coupon that same test block that different batches surveys processes: 1.00ppm; 1.90ppm, 2.50ppm, 3.20ppm.The result shows, decides immersion before the hydrogen processings of deoiling, and is difficult to remove fully the surperficial hydrogen of deciding the hydrogen sample, thereby causes deciding the higher and very dispersion of hydrogen result.
Claims (5)
1. a method for making sample of accurately measuring trace hydrogen in the steel comprises blanking, roughing, processing and pre-service eventually, it is characterized in that:
1) blanking: get workpiece and carry out hot or the cold conditions cutting stock, each face should be reserved the process redundancy of 30mm at least during the flame cutting, to avoid cutting the heat-affected zone to deciding the influence of hydrogen analysis result;
2) roughing: the processing mode through sawing machine or Wire EDM with blank roughing for long and wide be 5.5～6.5mm, height is that strip intermediate state coupon or the diameter of 60～80mm is 5.5～6.5mm, height is the cylindrical intermediate state coupon of 60～80mm;
3) processing eventually: the coupon after the roughing is delivered to lathe carry out finishing, reach the size that requires of deciding the hydrogen sample---diameter is 3.5～4.5mm, highly is the pole of 60～80mm;
4) pre-service: will decide hydrogen coupon pincers and be broken into and decide the hydrogen sample; Decide in analyzing pure phenixin, to carry out the ultrasonic cleaning of 3～5min before the hydrogen to clamping disconnected sample; Ultrasonic frequency is taken out with tweezers afterwards and decide the hydrogen sample and places to dry on the clean filter paper afterwards in the time of≤3min, to weigh and decide hydrogen between 20～40KHz.
2. method for making sample according to claim 1; It is characterized in that: hot and cold conditions cutting stock: a, the hot sampling of steel billet: steel billet through forge process after; When being cooled to 400～600 ℃; It is carried out the flame cutting stock, and cutting position is chosen in forging termination or other reserved location place, and avoids from rising head or mouth of a river sampling.For small-sized forging, can downcut the test block that thickness is not less than 100mm along its termination xsect; For large forgings, can downcut the square test block that length is 90～110mm from its termination; Sample through the flame cutting is quickly cooled to room temperature; B, the sampling of workpiece cold conditions: after the workpiece after forging and the subsequent heat treatment is chilled to room temperature, on lathe, cuts and decide the hydrogen test block, cutting position is chosen in forging termination or other reserved location place, and avoids from rising head or mouth of a river sampling; Process is taked the liquid coolant cooling, to guarantee that sample temperature is lower than 50 ℃ in the process; For small-sized forging, can downcut the test block that thickness is not less than 70mm along its termination xsect; For large forgings, can downcut the square test block that length is 60～80mm from its termination.
3. method for making sample according to claim 1 is characterized in that: decide the roughing and the preservation of hydrogen test block: a, decide the roughing of hydrogen test block: adopt the method processing of sawing machine or Wire EDM to produce the intermediate state coupon from deciding hydrogen test block center position; Take the liquid coolant cooling in the process, be lower than 50 ℃ to guarantee sample temperature; Intermediate state coupon size: long and wide is 5.5～6.5mm, and height is that strip coupon or the diameter of 60～80mm is 5.5～6.5mm, and height is the cylindrical coupon of 60～80mm; The preservation of b, intermediate state coupon: the intermediate state coupon has small cross section and relatively large surface area; Overflow in the diffusion of room temperature for avoiding hydrogen; Intermediate state coupon after the completion of processing is put into the liquid nitrogen storage and transport immediately, before it being carried out processing at end, take out.
4. method for making sample according to claim 1; It is characterized in that: the eventually processing of deciding the hydrogen coupon with preserve: a, decide processing eventually of hydrogen coupon: the turning of intermediate state coupon is processed as diameter 3.5～4.5mm; The cylindrical coupon of high 60～80mm; Guarantee the cleaning of lathe tool and anchor clamps, avoid contacting any type of greasy dirt; Turning speed must be less than or equal to 250r/min, to guarantee that specimen temperature is not higher than 50 ℃ in the process; B, decide the preservation of hydrogen coupon: the hydrogen coupon of deciding after the turning is placed in the clean sample bag, in liquid nitrogen or dry ice, preserves and transmits, taking-up before decide hydrogen and analyzing; Decide the roughing of hydrogen coupon, process and decide the hydrogen analysis and must within 24h, accomplish end; Whole process is avoided humidity and greasy dirt.
5. method for making sample according to claim 1; It is characterized in that: decide the pre-service that hydrogen is analyzed predetermination hydrogen coupon: the coupon pincers after turning is produced are disconnected to be that 3～5 average weights are the sample about 1.0 ± 0.2g; Place and analyze the frequency of operation ultrasonic cleaning 3～5min of pure phenixin, to remove the influence of surface adsorption hydrogen with 20～40KHz; Decide the hydrogen sample through taking out with tweezers after the ultrasonic cleaning and place on the clean filter paper behind the natural air drying, in the time of≤3min, weigh and decide hydrogen.
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| CN114184692A (en) * | 2021-08-16 | 2022-03-15 | 人本股份有限公司 | Method for detecting hydrogen content in steel |
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