CN102763682B - 一种包含氟虫腈和拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂的杀虫组合物 - Google Patents
一种包含氟虫腈和拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂的杀虫组合物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN102763682B CN102763682B CN201210291638.6A CN201210291638A CN102763682B CN 102763682 B CN102763682 B CN 102763682B CN 201210291638 A CN201210291638 A CN 201210291638A CN 102763682 B CN102763682 B CN 102763682B
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- fulvic acid
- ethiprole
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- pyrethroid insecticides
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种包含氟虫腈和拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂的杀虫组合物该组合物包含氟虫腈、拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂、黄腐酸和硅丰环，氟虫腈、拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂、黄腐酸、硅丰环的重量比为1000∶1-50∶3000-5000∶1500-2500。经过将黄腐酸和硅丰环作为杀虫剂的增效助剂，使得本发明的杀虫组合物能够有效地灭杀作物地下害虫，并且能够有效降低杀虫剂在作物中的农药残留。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于农业化学领域，具体地涉及一种包含氟虫腈和拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂的杀虫组合物。
背景技术
氟虫腈是一种苯基吡唑类杀虫剂、杀虫谱广，对害虫以胃毒作用为主，兼有触杀和一定的内吸作用，其作用机制在于阻碍昆虫γ-氨基丁酸控制的氯化物代谢，因此对蚜虫、叶蝉、飞虱、鳞翅目幼虫、蝇类和鞘翅目等重要害虫有很高的杀虫活性，对作物无药害。该药剂可施于土壤，也可叶面喷雾。施于土壤能有效防治玉米根叶甲、金针虫和地老虎。叶面喷洒时，对小菜蛾、菜粉蝶、稻蓟马等均有高水平防效，且持效期长。
拟除虫菊酯是一类能防治多种害虫的广谱杀虫剂，其杀虫毒力比老一代杀虫剂如有机氯、有机磷、氨基甲酸酯类提高10～100倍。拟除虫菊酯对昆虫具有强烈的触杀作用，有些品种兼具胃毒或熏蒸作用，但都没有内吸作用。其作用机理是扰乱昆虫神经的正常生理，使之由兴奋、痉挛到麻痹而死亡。拟除虫菊酯因用量小、使用浓度低，故对人畜较安全，对环境的污染很小。
CN1836513公开了含氟虫腈和选自高效氯氟氰菊酯、甲氰菊酯、乙氰菊酯、高氰戊菊酯、醚菊酯和氟硅菊酯的拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂的复配杀虫组合物。该杀虫剂组合物虽然将氟虫腈与拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂混合增效，但是其无法直接应用于作物地下害虫的防治，直接应用防治效果差，农药残留量高。
可以看出，目前的农药或者药肥在防治作物地下害虫的时候均存在一定的缺陷，尤其明显的是杀虫效果和农药残留问题没有很好的解决。
发明内容
为解决上述技术问题，本发明提供了一种有效灭杀作物地下害虫并降低农药残留的杀虫组合物，该组合物包含氟虫腈、拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂、黄腐酸和硅丰环。
上述杀虫组合物中，氟虫腈、拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂、黄腐酸、硅丰环的重量比为1000∶1-50∶3000-5000∶1500-2500，优选的，重量比为1000∶10-30∶3000-5000∶1500-2000。
上述杀虫组合物中，拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂选自溴氰菊酯，氰戊菊酯，联苯菊酯，甲氰菊酯，氯氰菊酯，乙氰菊酯，氟硅菊酯，高效氯氟氰菊酯中的一种。
本发明还提供了包含黄腐酸和硅丰环的组合物提高包含氟虫腈和拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂的组合物灭杀作物地下害虫的用途，其中黄腐酸和硅丰环的质量比为6-10∶3-5，氟虫腈和拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂的重量比为100∶1-5。
上述杀虫组合物可以制备成各种适合作物灭除地下害虫的剂型。例如可以制备成的制剂有干悬浮剂，液体悬浮剂，乳油，悬浮剂，粉剂，可湿性粉剂，悬乳剂，水分散性粒剂等。
优选的，上述杀虫组合物包含农学合适的载体，所述农学合适的载体包含表面活性剂、固体或液体稀释剂中的至少一种。
制剂中氟虫腈、拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂、黄腐酸、硅丰环重量之和占制剂总重量的3-40％，优选地，占制剂总重量的8-40％，其余为表面活性剂和稀释剂。
表面活性剂选自聚乙氧基化醇、聚乙氧基化烷基酚、聚乙氧基化山梨糖醇脂肪酸酯、二烷基磺基琥珀酸酯、烷基硫酸酯、烷基苯磺酸酯、有机聚硅氧烷、N，N-二烷基牛磺酸酯、木质素磺酸盐、萘磺酸盐甲醛缩合物、聚羧酸酯、甘油酯、聚氧乙烯/聚氧丙烯嵌段共聚物中的一种或多种。
稀释剂可以为固体稀释剂或液体稀释剂，固体稀释剂选自粘土例如膨润土、蒙脱石、绿坡缕石和高岭土、河沙、淀粉、糖、硅石、滑石、硅藻土、尿素、碳酸钙、碳酸钠和碳酸氢钠、和硫酸钠中的一种或多种，液体稀释剂选自水、N，N-二甲基甲酰胺、二甲亚砜、N-烷基吡咯烷酮、乙二醇、聚丙二醇、碳酸丙烯酯、二元酯、石蜡、烷基苯、烷基萘、甘油、三乙酸甘油酯、橄榄油、蓖麻油、亚麻籽油、桐油、芝麻油、玉米油、花生油、棉籽油、大豆油、油菜籽油和椰子油、脂肪酸酯、酮类如环己酮、2-庚酮、异佛尔酮和4-羟基-4-甲基-2-戊酮、乙酸酯如乙酸己酯、乙酸庚酯和乙酸辛酯，甲醇、环己醇、癸醇、苄醇和四氢糠醇中的一种或多种。
本发明的上述组合物或制剂可以通过拌种，灌浇作物的根部，叶面喷施、地面粗喷等施药方式对作物地下害虫进行防治。
上述组合物中，所述作物是指直接或间接为人类需要，并且在容易放生高温的地区栽培和生长的任何植物，优选的，所述植物选自茄子、西红柿、马铃薯、番薯、萝卜、高梁、烟草、小麦、水稻、玉米、黄瓜、花生、椰子、苦瓜、大豆、茶树、橡胶、甘蔗、豌豆、冬瓜、梨、香蕉、木瓜、毛豆、芒果、西瓜、柑橘、橙子、猕猴桃、草莓、菠萝、辣椒、苹果、枣、柿子、葡萄、樱桃、荔枝、桃和棉花中的任一种。优选的，作物为甘蔗。
上述杀虫组合物中，氟虫腈和拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂是目前常用的杀虫剂，一般很少用做地下害虫的防治。氟虫腈是对害虫以胃毒作用为主，兼有触杀和一定的内吸作用；拟除虫菊酯对昆虫具有强烈的触杀作用，有些品种兼具胃毒或熏蒸作用，但都没有内吸作用。
两种农药分别以胃毒和触杀为主，但是氟虫腈也有触杀作用，有些拟除虫菊酯品种也有胃毒作用，这两种杀虫剂中引入了黄腐酸和硅丰环后，一方面增强杀灭作物地下害虫的效果，另一方面降低了农药在作物中的残留量。
黄腐酸类物质对农作物的广泛增产作用，多种含黄腐酸的叶面肥等农用产品均有增强作物抗逆性和提高产量的作用。本发明所用的黄腐酸为甘蔗深加工酒精的酒精废液中提取的黄腐酸。
硅丰环是一种具有非凡分子结构及显著生物活性的有机硅化合物。可提高植物细胞有丝分裂，增强光合作用，促进蛋白质合成，从而提高植株吸收养分的能力，促进作物籽粒的形成，增加果实的蛋白质含量，达到使作物早熟，增加千粒重的效果，使作物产量大幅度增加。能提高植株抗病、抗寒、抗倒伏等抗逆能力，适用于一切植物。具有广谱、高效、低毒、无残留等优点，原药一般为98％硅丰环原药，化学名称为一氯甲基杂氮硅三环，该要可从市场购买得到。
本发明经过将黄腐酸和硅丰环作为杀虫剂的增效助剂，使得本发明的杀虫组合物能够有效地灭杀作物地下害虫，并且能够有效降低杀虫剂在作物中的农药残留。
具体实施方式
为了理解本发明，下面以实施例进一步说明本发明，但不限制本发明。
下述实施例中用到的物质均为市场购买，从市场均可购买得到。下面的制剂根据常规的水分散粒剂制备方法制备，在此不再赘述。
黄腐酸为从甘蔗深加工酒精的酒精废液中提取的黄腐酸，制备方法如下：
将1kg酒精废液减压加热蒸发浓缩，控制压力，蒸发温度为40℃±3℃，测量浓缩液中干物质的重量百分比达到60％时停止加热，获得浓缩液；加热过程中匀速搅拌液体。然后向浓缩液中加入浓硫酸，使浓缩液中硫酸的质量浓度达到30％，在60±2℃下陈化20小时，得陈化液；
将陈化液用0.5％wt的氢氧化钠溶液碱化，搅拌下加入氢氧化钠溶液，测量溶液的pH，调节氢氧化钠溶液的加入量，当pH为8的时候停止加入氢氧化钠溶液，溶液中出现沉淀，将沉淀部分通过过滤除去，获得溶液I；
将上述获得的溶液I用8％wt的盐酸溶液酸化，加入盐酸溶液时搅拌并测量pH，当pH值为1时停止加入盐酸溶液，溶液中出现沉淀，将沉淀部分通过过滤除去，获得溶液II；
向溶液II中加入丙酮，加入的丙酮的体积为溶液II的体积的10％。将加入了丙酮的溶液充分搅拌，然后离心分层，收集丙酮溶液部分；
将丙酮溶液部分输入蒸馏釜中，减压加热保持温度在45℃±2℃下浓缩丙酮溶液，将丙酮回收，剩下的物质，经过减压加热保持温度在45℃±2℃下干燥，干燥后得到固体产品黄腐酸21.78g。
实施例1：水分散粒剂
氟虫腈100g、高效氯氟氰菊酯3g、黄腐酸300g、硅丰环200g、烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚300g、脂肪酸聚氧乙烯酯300g、淀粉800g、高岭土900g。
实施例2：水分散粒剂
氟虫腈100g、乙氰菊酯4g、黄腐酸400g、硅丰环150g、烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚300g、脂肪酸聚氧乙烯酯300g、淀粉800g、高岭土900g。
实施例3：水分散粒剂
氟虫腈100g、氟硅菊酯1g、黄腐酸500g、硅丰环150g、烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚300g、脂肪酸聚氧乙烯酯300g、淀粉800g、高岭土900g。
实施例4：水分散粒剂
氟虫腈100g、氰戊菊酯2g、黄腐酸300g、硅丰环180g、烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚300g、脂肪酸聚氧乙烯酯300g、淀粉800g、高岭土900g。
实施例5：水分散粒剂
氟虫腈100g、溴氰菊酯5g、黄腐酸250g、硅丰环200g、烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚300g、脂肪酸聚氧乙烯酯300g、淀粉800g、高岭土900g。
实施例6：水分散粒剂
氟虫腈100g、氯氰菊酯5g、黄腐酸350g、硅丰环170g、烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚300g、脂肪酸聚氧乙烯酯300g、淀粉800g、高岭土900g。
对比实施例1：水分散粒剂
氟虫腈100g、高效氯氟氰菊酯3g、硅丰环200g、烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚300g、脂肪酸聚氧乙烯酯300g、淀粉800g、高岭土900g。
对比实施例2：水分散粒剂
氟虫腈100g、高效氯氟氰菊酯3g、黄腐酸300g、烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚300g、脂肪酸聚氧乙烯酯300g、淀粉800g、高岭土900g。
对比实施例3：水分散粒剂
氟虫腈100g、高效氯氟氰菊酯3g、烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚300g、脂肪酸聚氧乙烯酯300g、淀粉800g、高岭土900g。
对比实施例4：水分散粒剂
黄腐酸300g、硅丰环200g、烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚300g、脂肪酸聚氧乙烯酯300g、淀粉800g、高岭土900g。
效果实施例：
应用实施例1-6和对比实施例1-3的药肥在甘蔗田施用，施用前将水分散粒剂水溶，然后随灌溉的水流均匀加入，水位与甘蔗的地上根的底部平行，施药后的第5天检测甘蔗地下害虫的甘蔗钻心虫、蛴螬的防效，在第15天检测甘蔗中氟虫腈和溴氰菊酯等的残留量。残留量按照对比法进行检测，以对比实施例3施药的甘蔗的农药残留量作为100％进行对比，不同的拟除虫菊酯按照残留重量直接比对。
从上述可以看出，本发明的杀虫组合物适用于甘蔗地的时候，在地下害虫的防治上具有较好的防效，基本上达到95％以上的防效，通过加入黄腐酸和硅丰环使得氟虫腈和拟除虫菊酯能够达到有效防治甘蔗地下害虫，而且降低了氟虫腈和拟除虫菊酯的残留量。
从结果分析，黄腐酸的加入使得残留降低，硅丰环进一步能够降低农药残留，两者的加入使得杀虫效果大为提高。
Claims (9)
1.杀虫组合物在有效灭杀作物地下害虫并降低农药残留中的应用，其中，该组合物包含氟虫腈、拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂、黄腐酸和硅丰环，而且其中氟虫腈、拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂、黄腐酸、硅丰环的重量比为1000∶1-50∶3000-5000∶1500-2500。
2.根据权利要求1所述的应用，其中氟虫腈、拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂、黄腐酸、硅丰环的重量比为1000∶10-30∶3000-5000∶1500-2000。
3.根据权利要求1所述的应用，其中拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂选自溴氰菊酯，氰戊菊酯，联苯菊酯，甲氰菊酯，氯氰菊酯，乙氰菊酯，氟硅菊酯和高效氯氟氰菊酯中的一种。
4.根据权利要求1所述的应用，其中该组合物制备成乳油，悬浮剂，粉剂，悬乳剂或水分散性粒剂。
5.根据权利要求1所述的应用，其中该组合物制备成干悬浮剂，液体悬浮剂或可湿性粉剂。
6.根据权利要求1所述的应用，其中黄腐酸为甘蔗深加工酒精的酒精废液中提取的黄腐酸。
7.根据权利要求1所述的应用，其中作物为茄子、西红柿、马铃薯、番薯、萝卜、高梁、烟草、小麦、水稻、玉米、黄瓜、花生、椰子、苦瓜、大豆、茶树、橡胶、甘蔗、豌豆、冬瓜、梨、香蕉、木瓜、毛豆、芒果、西瓜、柑橘、橙子、猕猴桃、草莓、菠萝、辣椒、苹果、枣、柿子、葡萄、樱桃、荔枝、桃和棉花中的任一种。
8.根据权利要求7所述的应用，其中作物为甘蔗。
9.包含黄腐酸和硅丰环的组合物提高包含氟虫腈和拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂的组合物灭杀作物地下害虫并降低包含氟虫腈和拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂的农药残留的用途，其中黄腐酸和硅丰环的质量比为6-10∶3-5，氟虫腈和拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂的重量比为100∶1—5。
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