CN102758155B - 一种Al-Si-Mg-Sm稀土铸造铝合金热处理方法 - Google Patents
一种Al-Si-Mg-Sm稀土铸造铝合金热处理方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN102758155B CN102758155B CN201210202660.9A CN201210202660A CN102758155B CN 102758155 B CN102758155 B CN 102758155B CN 201210202660 A CN201210202660 A CN 201210202660A CN 102758155 B CN102758155 B CN 102758155B
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- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 229910000612 Sm alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003643 water by type Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 10
- 230000005496 eutectics Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000005204 segregation Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- 229910019752 Mg2Si Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910018125 Al-Si Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910018520 Al—Si Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000007669 thermal treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910018566 Al—Si—Mg Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005923 long-lasting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
一种Al-Si-Mg-Sm稀土铸造铝合金热处理方法，本发明所提供的热处理方法如下：将Al-Si-Mg-Sm合金在535~545℃，保温8~9h后在60~100℃水中淬火，将上述合金在室温下停留2~24h，然后再将合金保温14~16h，保温温度为145~155℃，最后进行空冷。本发明的技术效果是：经上述热处理后，Al-Si-Mg-Sm合金中共晶硅的形态明显改善，变为球状且弥散分布。合金中的球状共晶硅减小了对基体的割裂能力和应力集中，并且Mg、Si等元素充分固溶到α-Al固溶体中，经时效析出的Mg2Si强化相偏聚在晶界上强化基体，使得合金强度增加。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种铝合金热处理方法，尤其涉及一种Al-Si-Mg-Sm稀土铸造铝合金热处理方法。
背景技术
铝合金作为金属材料中典型的轻质材料，具有高强度、低密度、高断裂韧度，以及高抗应力腐蚀能力等优良特性，在机械、化工、汽车、建筑、航空、航天领域得以广泛应用。
稀土铸造铝合金是指稀土元素以合适的量加入到铸造铝合金中。稀土元素具有独特的电子层结构及物理化学性质，有独特的4f电子结构、大的原子磁矩、很强的自旋偶合特性，对铝合金的影响也相当独特。稀土元素的变质作用具有长效性及重熔稳定性特点，比其他变质剂要好，且具有较好的脱氧和脱硫能力。
当稀土元素以合适的量加入到Al-Si-Mg合金中，能有效改善共晶硅的形态及分布，使针状共晶硅变为细小的纤维状，在晶界上呈珊瑚状分布，α-Al得到显著细化，能大幅提高铸造铝合金的极限抗拉强度。随着稀土元素添加量的继续增加，铸造铝合金的极限抗拉强度不再提高，反而下降。这是由于稀土的过量加入，不但不会使铝合金的性能改善，还会影响铝合金的正常使用，甚至造成材料的报废。
Al-Si-Mg-Sm合金中Si的质量分数为6.3~6.5%，Mg的质量分数为0.7~0.8%，Sm的质量分数为0.85~1.0%，余量为Al。合金室温抗拉强度为232MPa，延伸率为4.6%。 为了进一步提高铸造铝合金的力学性能，可对其进行热处理。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供了一种Al-Si-Mg-Sm稀土铸造铝合金热处理方法，有效提高铝合金的力学性能。
本发明的所提供的Al-Si-Mg-Sm稀土铸造铝合金，其中各元素占总重量百分比为：Si 为6.3~6.5%，Mg为0.7~0.8%，Sm为0.85~1.0%，余量为Al。
本发明所提供的Al-Si-Mg-Sm稀土铸造铝合金热处理方法。其特征在于：将Al-Si-Mg-Sm合金在535~545℃，保温8~9h后在60~100℃水中淬火，将上述合金在室温下停留2~24h，然后再将合金保温14~16h，保温温度为145~155℃，最后进行空冷。
本发明的技术效果是：经上述热处理后，共晶硅的形态明显改善，共晶硅几乎全部变为球状且弥散分布，球状共晶硅能有效减小对基体的割裂能力和应力集中，并且Mg、Si等元素充分固溶到α-Al固溶体中，经时效析出的Mg2Si强化相偏聚在晶界上强化基体，使得合金强度增加。
附图说明
图1为铸态条件下Al-Si-Mg-Sm合金的微观组织图。
图2为本发明实例3所述的条件下Al-Si-Mg-Sm合金的微观组织图。
具体实施方式
本发明将通过一下实施实例作进一步说明，但本发明的具体实施方式不局限于下述的实施实例。
实施实例1：将Al-Si-Mg-Sm合金在535℃，保温8h后在60℃水中淬火，将上述合金在室温下停留2h，然后再将合金保温14h，保温温度为145℃，最后进行空冷。
实施实例2：将Al-Si-Mg-Sm合金在540℃，保温9h后在80℃水中淬火，将上述合金在室温下停留10h，然后再将合金保温15h，保温温度为150℃，最后进行空冷。
实施实例3：将Al-Si-Mg-Sm合金在545℃，保温10h后在100℃水中淬火，将上述合金在室温下停留24h，然后再将合金保温16h，保温温度为155℃，最后进行空冷。经上述热处理后Al-Si-Mg-Sm合金的抗拉强度为291MPa，延伸率为4.3%。
从实施实例3中的试样取样，经打磨、抛光、腐蚀后在光学显微镜下观察合金显微组织，如附图1、图2所示。从附图中可以看出，经上述合金热处理，合金中共晶硅的形态明显改善，几乎全部变为球状且弥散分布，少数呈短杆状。
Claims (1)
1. 一种Al-Si-Mg-Sm稀土铸造铝合金热处理方法，其特征在于：将Al-Si-Mg-Sm合金在535~545℃，保温8~9h后在60~100℃水中淬火，将上述合金在室温下停留2~24h，然后再将合金保温14~16h，保温温度为145~155℃，最后进行空冷。
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