CN102755764A - Oil-water separating device and method based on carbon nanotube film - Google Patents
Oil-water separating device and method based on carbon nanotube film Download PDFInfo
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- CN102755764A CN102755764A CN2012102703017A CN201210270301A CN102755764A CN 102755764 A CN102755764 A CN 102755764A CN 2012102703017 A CN2012102703017 A CN 2012102703017A CN 201210270301 A CN201210270301 A CN 201210270301A CN 102755764 A CN102755764 A CN 102755764A
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Abstract
The invention discloses an oil-water separating device and method based on a carbon nanotube film. Separation of an oil-water mixed system is realized by taking a carbon nanotube film as a filter film. The carbon nanotube film is formed by a lattice of interwoven carbon nanotubes, the film thickness is 10-500 nanometers, the film pore diameter is 2-1,000 nanometers, the film surface has hydrophobic and oleophylic properties, the film has high acid resistance and alkali resistance, and the structure and performance of the film are stable when the pH value is 1-14. The oil-water mixed system comprises a system formed by directly mixing an oil phase with a water phase or emulsified oil water (water in oil type or oil in water type). The device and the method can be applied to low-cost, high-flux, efficient and rapid separation of various oil-water mixtures in the fields of production, life, petrochemical industry, machinery and the like.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of oily water separating equipment and method, relate in particular to a kind of oily-water seperating equipment and method, belong to functional material, chemical and field of environment protection based on carbon nano-tube film.
Background technology
Water-oil separating is a global research focus.Because increasing the weight of of in recent years trade effluent problem, and the generation of environmental problem such as offshore oil leakage, the water-oil separating material obtains the many concerns of People more and more.Because water-oil separating is the problem of an interface property, use to have special infiltrating material preparation and become porous membrane structure, can be according to the difference of its surface nature, thus reach the separation of carrying out oil water mixture.But the product of water-oil separating film is less relatively now; The main employing is that polymer or composite prepare, and not only cost is higher, and stability of material and repeated use efficient also all remain further to be improved; And only be applicable to that the scope of application is narrow to the separation of specific profit mixed system.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of oily-water seperating equipment and method based on carbon nano-tube film, it can realize efficient, the separation fast of multiple oil water mixture, and simple to operate, with low cost, thereby has overcome deficiency of the prior art.
For realizing the foregoing invention purpose, the present invention has adopted following technical scheme:
Carbon nano-tube film is as the application of water-oil separating filter membrane, and said carbon nano-tube film has the network structure that is interweaved and formed by many CNTs.
A kind of oily-water seperating equipment based on carbon nano-tube film, it comprises:
Carbon nano-tube film, said carbon nano-tube film has the network structure that is interweaved and formed by many CNTs;
And, be used for fixing the supporting mechanism of said carbon nano-tube film.
Further, the thickness of said carbon nano-tube film is 10-500nm, and membrane aperture is 2-1000nm.
Said supporting mechanism comprises the porous substrate.
Said porous substrate is selected from any one in wire netting, fabric, macromolecular filter membrane, the ceramic membrane at least, but is not limited thereto.
A kind of oily water separating equipment is characterized in that, it comprises aforesaid oily-water seperating equipment.
A kind of oil-water separation method; It is characterized in that this method is: oil water mixture is imported in the aforesaid oily-water seperating equipment or in the aforesaid oily water separating equipment, made oil phase pass through carbon nano-tube film; And making water by the carbon nano-tube film detention, the realization oil phase separates with water.
Further, said oil water mixture is selected from oil water mixture and the oil emulsion aqueous systems that oil, water directly mix formation at least, and said oil emulsion aqueous systems comprises stablizes microemulsion and unstable suspension.
As one of preferred scheme; For the oil mixture that forms by two or more oil phase substance, at first utilize aqueous phase system extraction more than one oil phase substance wherein, form oil water mixture; Import said oil water mixture in the aforesaid oily-water seperating equipment again or in the aforesaid oily water separating equipment; Make oil phase pass through carbon nano-tube film, and make water by the carbon nano-tube film detention, the realization oil phase separates with water.
This method can be carried out under the air pressure conditions of pressure for-1MPa～1MPa.
Compared with prior art, advantage of the present invention is at least:
(1) raw material adopts commercially available single wall, double-walled or multi-walled carbon nano-tubes; Its process for dispersing had no restriction; As long as target can form the carbon nano-tube film of self-supporting, the surface is without any modification and modification, just can utilize the character of carbon nano-tube film itself to carry out water-oil separating.
(2) CNT is with respect to the polymer on the market; The water-oil separating film of composite has stable in properties, can resist various acidity or alkaline solution; Therefore can be used for the water-oil separating under the extreme condition, the environmental protection aspect is had very important meaning.
(3) carbon nano-tube film can be different according to the consumption of CNT simply, and its thickness and aperture are controlled.And can obtain the aperture is nanometer or sub-micron rank fully, even adjustable in several nanometers or tens nanometer range, is that general polymer or composite porous film material is not available.The dimensional effect that nano level aperture provides makes the emulsification profit can obtain highly purified separation.
(4) carbon nano-tube film can be repeatedly used.In the separation of emulsions process; Because breakdown of emulsion and water-oil separating cause emulsifying agent or separation to meet at the filter membrane surface deposition, the flux that influence separates; But be based on the diffusion barrier of carbon nano-tube film as long as simply use washing with alcohol; Just can take out the surface adsorption material, recover evc flux, guarantee high separative efficiency.
(5) the carbon nano-tube film chemical property is stable, can antiacid alkali resistant, can be used for containing the separation of the oil water mixture of a large amount of acid or alkali.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 by in the embodiment of the invention 1 the SEM photo of employing carbon nano-tube film;
Fig. 2 a and 2b are respectively with water droplet and oil droplet (is example with the carrene) the contact angle photo on the embodiment of the invention 1 employed carbon nano-tube film surface;
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of oily-water seperating equipment in the embodiment of the invention 1, and wherein each assembly and Reference numeral thereof are respectively: carbon nano-tube film 1, porous support substrates 2 (ceramic membrane).
The specific embodiment
Traditional oil-water separation method mainly contains methods such as extraction, distillation, but this class methods general operation is numerous and diverse, and tends to cause a large amount of losses of recyclable goods and materials, also causes environmental pollution easily, so people are developed again and other multiple water-oil separating technology.Current research is more is to use and has special infiltrating material preparation and become porous membrane structure, again by the difference of this type of porous film surface character, thereby reaches the separation of carrying out oil water mixture.Existing perforated membrane is mainly processed by polymer or composite; Its separative efficiency, service life, the scope of application all are very limited; Industry does not develop as yet can replace this type of perforated membrane, and the more superior oily water separating equipment of performance but up to now.
This case inventor finds to utilize carbon nano-tube film very unexpectedly; Especially can realize the separation of profit mixed system by the be woven carbon nano-tube film that forms, have network structure of many CNTs; And separative efficiency is high, separates back water and oil phase and all has higher degree.And; This case the inventor also find, with the film formed oily-water seperating equipment of CNT acidity or basic oil water mixed system all had good tolerability, and all can produce the good separation effect; After being repeatedly used, still has excellent water-oil separating performance.
Based on aforementioned unexpected discovery, this case inventor spy has proposed oily-water seperating equipment of the present invention and method.
This oily-water seperating equipment mainly is made up of carbon nano-tube film and supporting member thereof; Carbon nano-tube film is made up of the interleaving network of CNT, and thickness is in the 10-500 nanometer range, and membrane aperture is in the 2-1000 nanometer range.
Aforementioned carbon nano-tube film can be made up of commercially available common single wall and/or double-walled and/or multi-walled carbon nano-tubes, or also can comprise the materials such as dispersant that other is commonly seen.
And, especially it is pointed out that not chemistry and physical treatment in advance of CNT, its film build method is unrestricted.Such as, the preparation method of aforementioned carbon nano-tube film can be by the CNT dispersion liquid through dip coated, the spraying coating; Chemical vapour deposition (CVD) is filtered or (continuously) vacuum filtration (referring to the preceding case CN 102110489A of this case inventor proposition etc.) in spinning; Langmuir – Blodgett (LB) embrane method; Technologies such as solution-cast moulding form, and form the back and separate in substrate, form self-supported membrane.Perhaps, if the substrate of adopting is a porous material, also can directly form oily-water seperating equipment with the porous material one.
The form of aforementioned supporting member, structure or material can be according to the needs of practical application and are freely selected.Wherein, As one of preferred scheme, aforementioned supporting member can adopt the porous substrate, and said porous substrate can be wire netting, fabric, various apertures macromolecular filter membrane, ceramic membrane etc.; But be not limited thereto; In implementing the process of water-oil separating, carbon nano-tube film can directly place on the porous substrate, in pressure-driven or do not have and realize under the pressure-driven that water-oil separating comprises (emulsification) water-oil separating.
This oil-water separation method is:
(1) oil water mixture is imported in the aforementioned oil water separator, under normal pressure or secondary stress effect (pressure limit can from-1MPa to 1MPa), oil phase be through carbon nano-tube film, and water then can not pass through, thereby reaches the purpose of separation.
(2) oil water mixture is imported in the aforementioned oil water separator, under no ambient pressure effect, relies on the self gravitation effect, and oil phase is through carbon nano-tube film, and water then can not pass through, thereby reaches the purpose of separation.
Aforementioned oil water mixture comprises: the two direct mutually oil water mixtures that mix, various emulsification profits etc.Wherein the emulsification profit comprises unstable suspension and stable microemulsion, but is not limited thereto.
In addition,, can utilize the difference of two kinds of oil phase polarity for oil phase/oil mixture, will be wherein one be extracted into aqueous phase, separating through film.
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and some preferred embodiments technical scheme of the present invention is elaborated.
(1) get dispersed carbon nano tube in the suitable quantity of water solution, the suction filtration film forming after the drying dissolves away substrate (like, hydrophilic filter membrane).Obtain the carbon nano-tube film (consulting Fig. 1) of self-supporting.Above-mentioned resulting carbon nano-tube film is transferred on the ceramic membrane, placed separation container.
(2) get isopyknic carrene and water and mix, through behind the concuss, layering disappears, and pours into then in the separator, under the effect of pressurization, realizes separating of carrene and water.
(1) get dispersed carbon nano tube in the suitable quantity of water solution, the suction filtration film forming after the drying dissolves away substrate (like, hydrophilic filter membrane).Obtain the carbon nano-tube film of self-supporting.Above-mentioned resulting carbon nano-tube film is transferred on the ceramic membrane, placed separation container.
(2) carrene and the water of getting volume ratio 5:1 mix, and through behind the concuss, layering disappears, and pour into then in the separator, under the effect of pressurization, realize separating of carrene and water.
Embodiment 3
(1) get dispersed carbon nano tube in the suitable quantity of water solution, the suction filtration film forming after the drying dissolves away substrate (like, hydrophilic filter membrane).Obtain the carbon nano-tube film of self-supporting.Above-mentioned resulting carbon nano-tube film is transferred on the ceramic membrane, placed separation container.
(2) carrene and the water of getting volume ratio 1:5 mix, and through behind the concuss, layering disappears, and pour into then in the separator, under the effect of pressurization, realize separating of carrene and water.
Embodiment 4
(1) get dispersed carbon nano tube in the suitable quantity of water solution, the suction filtration film forming after the drying dissolves away substrate (like, hydrophilic filter membrane).Obtain the carbon nano-tube film of self-supporting.Above-mentioned resulting carbon nano-tube film is transferred on the ceramic membrane, placed separation container.
(2) get isopyknic carbon disulfide of body and water and mix, through behind the concuss, layering disappears, and pours into then in the separator, under the effect of pressurization, realizes separating of carbon disulfide and water.
Embodiment 5
(1) get dispersed carbon nano tube in the suitable quantity of water solution, the suction filtration film forming after the drying dissolves away substrate (like, hydrophilic filter membrane).Obtain the carbon nano-tube film of self-supporting.Above-mentioned resulting carbon nano-tube film is transferred on the ceramic membrane, placed separation container.
(2) carbon disulfide and the water of getting volume ratio 10:1 mix, and through behind the concuss, layering disappears, and pour into then in the separator, under the effect of pressurization, realize separating of carbon disulfide and water.
Embodiment 6
(1) get dispersed carbon nano tube in the suitable quantity of water solution, the suction filtration film forming after the drying dissolves away substrate (like, hydrophilic filter membrane).Obtain the carbon nano-tube film of self-supporting.Above-mentioned resulting carbon nano-tube film is transferred on the ceramic membrane, placed separation container.
(2) get volume ratio 1:10 carbon disulfide and water and mix, through behind the concuss, layering disappears, and pours into then in the separator, under the effect of pressurization, realizes separating of carbon disulfide and water.
Embodiment 7
Select carrene/aqueous systems separate benzoic acid and aniline mixed system for use
(1) benzoic acid is slightly soluble in water, but when pH value=12.6, just can dissolve entirely; And when pH=13, benzoic acid is under carrene/aqueous systems, and nearly all at aqueous phase, but aniline still is dissolved in the middle of the carrene.
(2) analysis of basis (1), with aniline, each 0.1g solution 5 ml CH of benzoic acid
2Cl
2In the solution, add isopyknic NaOH solution (pH=13) then, vibration is left standstill for several times, filters with the above-mentioned self-supporting single-wall carbon nanotube membrane that obtains then, obtains oil reservoir and water layer respectively.
Select for use carrene/aqueous systems to separate aniline and toluene mixed system
(3) aniline is water-soluble, but solubility is lower, but during pH=5.3, what aniline can be a large amount of is dissolved in the water
(4) aniline (0.05g) is dissolved in toluene (2 ml), joins 5 ml CH
2Cl
2In the solution, add isopyknic HCl solution (pH=2) then, vibration is left standstill for several times, filters with the above-mentioned self-supporting single-wall carbon nanotube membrane that obtains then, obtains oil reservoir and water layer respectively.
Embodiment 8
(1) the unstable emulsion of configuration Water-In-Oil is chosen toluene respectively, cyclohexane, and benzinum is an oil phase, adds a certain proportion of water, behind the ultrasonic certain hour, obtains milky water-in-oil emulsion.
(2) select above-mentioned self-supporting carbon nano-tube film for use, above-mentioned resulting water-in-oil emulsion is joined in the middle of the separator, under the effect of pressurization; Toluene, cyclohexane, benzinums etc. can pass through carbon nano-tube film; And water can not pass through; And three kinds of oil phases that leach are for what clarify, and in this separation process, the breakdown of emulsion of emulsion and water-oil separating are carried out synchronously.
Embodiment 9
(1) disposes the unstable emulsion of Water-In-Oil, choose the mixed liquor oil phase of toluene and cyclohexane, add a certain proportion of water, behind the ultrasonic certain hour, obtain milky water-in-oil emulsion.
(2) select above-mentioned self-supporting carbon nano-tube film for use; Above-mentioned resulting water-in-oil emulsion is joined in the middle of the separator, and under the effect of pressurization, oil phase can pass through carbon nano-tube film; And water can not pass through; And the oil phase that leaches is for what clarify, and in this separation process, the breakdown of emulsion of emulsion and water-oil separating are carried out synchronously.
Embodiment 10
(1) configuration Water-In-Oil stable emulsion, choosing toluene is oil phase, sorbester p17 adds a certain proportion of water as emulsifying agent, behind the stirring certain hour, obtains milky water-in-oil emulsion.
(2) select above-mentioned self-supporting carbon nano-tube film for use; Add resulting water-in-oil emulsion and join in the middle of the separator, under the effect of pressurization, toluene can pass through carbon nano-tube film; And water can not pass through; And the toluene that leaches is for what clarify, and in this separation process, the breakdown of emulsion of emulsion and water-oil separating are carried out synchronously.
The foregoing description only is explanation technical conceive of the present invention and characteristics; Its purpose is to let the understanding of being familiar with this technology can understand content of the present invention and enforcement according to this; Can not limit protection scope of the present invention with this; All equivalences that spirit is done according to the present invention change or modify, and all should be encompassed within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. carbon nano-tube film is as the application of water-oil separating filter membrane, and said carbon nano-tube film has the network structure that is interweaved and formed by many CNTs.
2. oily-water seperating equipment based on carbon nano-tube film is characterized in that it comprises:
Carbon nano-tube film, said carbon nano-tube film has the network structure that is interweaved and formed by many CNTs;
And, be used for fixing the supporting mechanism of said carbon nano-tube film.
3. the oily-water seperating equipment based on carbon nano-tube film according to claim 2 is characterized in that, the thickness of said carbon nano-tube film is 10-500nm, and membrane aperture is 2-1000nm.
4. according to each described oily-water seperating equipment among the claim 2-3, it is characterized in that said supporting mechanism comprises the porous substrate based on carbon nano-tube film.
5. the oily-water seperating equipment based on carbon nano-tube film according to claim 4 is characterized in that, said porous substrate is selected from any one in wire netting, fabric, macromolecular filter membrane, the ceramic membrane at least.
6. an oily water separating equipment is characterized in that, it comprises like each described oily-water seperating equipment among the claim 2-5.
7. oil-water separation method; It is characterized in that; This method is: oil water mixture is imported as in each described oily-water seperating equipment among the claim 2-4 or in the oily water separating equipment as claimed in claim 5; Make oil phase pass through carbon nano-tube film, and make water by the carbon nano-tube film detention, the realization oil phase separates with water.
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| CN103470852A (en) * | 2013-09-12 | 2013-12-25 | 东南大学 | Microfluid valve gear based on electrowetting technology |
| CN104548666A (en) * | 2014-12-10 | 2015-04-29 | 东华大学 | Nano-fiber foam based oil-water emulsion continuous separation device and preparation method of nano-fiber foam based oil-water emulsion |
| CN104857742A (en) * | 2015-05-28 | 2015-08-26 | 重庆理工大学 | Water removal method of dichloromethane |
| CN105688447A (en) * | 2016-01-21 | 2016-06-22 | 北京理工大学 | Filter screen capable of realizing efficient oil-water separation, and method for preparing filter screen by femtosecond laser |
| CN108786273A (en) * | 2018-08-10 | 2018-11-13 | 安徽原野滤材有限公司 | A kind of oil-resistant high-temperature filter cloth for water-oil separating |
| CN110038444A (en) * | 2018-01-17 | 2019-07-23 | 中国工程物理研究院材料研究所 | A kind of use and preparation method of novel carbon nanotube seperation film |
| CN110624428A (en) * | 2019-10-21 | 2019-12-31 | 天津工业大学 | Membrane emulsification system |
| CN113819669A (en) * | 2021-09-15 | 2021-12-21 | 浙江大学 | Low-temperature refrigerating device and method based on carbon nanotube gravity oil separation effect |
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| CN103418252A (en) * | 2013-07-20 | 2013-12-04 | 大连理工大学 | Ceramic base carbon nano tube inorganic composite membrane and preparation method thereof |
| CN103470852A (en) * | 2013-09-12 | 2013-12-25 | 东南大学 | Microfluid valve gear based on electrowetting technology |
| CN104548666A (en) * | 2014-12-10 | 2015-04-29 | 东华大学 | Nano-fiber foam based oil-water emulsion continuous separation device and preparation method of nano-fiber foam based oil-water emulsion |
| CN104857742A (en) * | 2015-05-28 | 2015-08-26 | 重庆理工大学 | Water removal method of dichloromethane |
| CN105688447A (en) * | 2016-01-21 | 2016-06-22 | 北京理工大学 | Filter screen capable of realizing efficient oil-water separation, and method for preparing filter screen by femtosecond laser |
| CN105688447B (en) * | 2016-01-21 | 2018-02-06 | 北京理工大学 | A kind of filter screen and its femtosecond laser preparation method of achievable high efficiency water-oil separating |
| CN110038444A (en) * | 2018-01-17 | 2019-07-23 | 中国工程物理研究院材料研究所 | A kind of use and preparation method of novel carbon nanotube seperation film |
| CN108786273A (en) * | 2018-08-10 | 2018-11-13 | 安徽原野滤材有限公司 | A kind of oil-resistant high-temperature filter cloth for water-oil separating |
| CN110624428A (en) * | 2019-10-21 | 2019-12-31 | 天津工业大学 | Membrane emulsification system |
| CN110624428B (en) * | 2019-10-21 | 2021-11-19 | 天津工业大学 | Membrane emulsification system |
| CN113819669A (en) * | 2021-09-15 | 2021-12-21 | 浙江大学 | Low-temperature refrigerating device and method based on carbon nanotube gravity oil separation effect |
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