CN102752018B - Node frequency/timeslot hopping communication method based on 802.15.4 sensor - Google Patents
Node frequency/timeslot hopping communication method based on 802.15.4 sensor Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a node frequency/timeslot hopping communication method based on an 802.15.4 sensor. According to the node frequency/timeslot hopping communication method, k data channels, a control channel and m timeslots are included. The node frequency/timeslot hopping communication method comprises the following steps of: after a node transmits data, sending vacancy information through the control channel; and after the other nodes receive the vacancy information, sending one round of data in advance by occupying spare timeslot and data channel of a spare node. Therefore, the working efficiency of the timeslots and the data channels can be improved; and the data uploding time is saved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to wireless communication field, particularly the wireless communications method of a kind of node frequency hopping, jumping time slot.
Background technology
In the develop rapidly along with sensor technology and radio network technique, the application based on 802.15.4 wireless sensor network is universal gradually.Wireless sensor network is a kind of brand-new acquisition of information platform, can Real-Time Monitoring and collection network distributed areas in the information of various detected objects, and these information are sent to aggregation node and are distributed to the user who needs these information.Wireless sensor network has many eurypalynous transducers, diversified phenomenon in the detectable surrounding enviroment such as size, speed and direction that comprise earthquake, electromagnetism, temperature, humidity, noise, luminous intensity, pressure, soil constituent, mobile object, can be widely used in the numerous areas such as military affairs, biologic medical, environmental monitoring.
In recent years, radio network technique is penetrated into the various aspects of people's work and daily life gradually, and wherein short-distance wireless communication technology has become new focus.Following low rate Wireless Personal Network (LR-PAN) is exactly the network designing for low price, low-power consumption, short-range radio communication, to meet message transmission rate and the not high wireless access of delay requirement.IEEE802.15.4 has defined two physical layer standards, is respectively 2.4GHz physical layer and 868/915MH z physical layer.Two physical layers are all based on direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS), and 2.4GHz frequency range, for the unified ISM band that need not apply in the whole world, has 16 channels; And 868MHz is European ISM band, to only have a channel, 915MHz be that the ISM band of the U.S. has 0 channel of l.
The existing wireless sensor network based on ZigBee technology, its main communication protocol-Zigbee agreement is the sensor network technology standard of developing based on 802.15.4.Zigbee wireless sensor network is not supported dynamic frequency hopping technology, and the whole network is used a static channel, so network can not improve throughput and other Electromagnetic Interference signals of reply of the whole network effectively.In addition,, when sensor node occupies the communication resource and do not transmit data, will greatly reduce communication efficiency.Therefore,, in order to meet the requirement of people to network communication of wireless sensor development, it is crucial how solving the problem that sensor node makes the communication bandwidth optimum of whole network in the situation that can not there is communication contention aware.
Summary of the invention
Object of the present invention is just to provide a kind of communication means based on 802.15.4 sensor node frequency hopping, jumping time slot, is specially adapted to the application scenarios of node uploading data in intensive PAN.It,, by node frequency hopping, jumping time slot, takies the forward data channel of time slot and time slot, saves call duration time, improves the utilance of data channel and time slot.
The object of the invention is to realize by such technical scheme, it includes k data channel, 1 control channel and m time slot, and communication steps is as follows:
1) press node serial number for each node initializing, distribute each node initial time slot and primary data channel when transmission data;
2) each node starts initial time slot and the primary data channel uploading data in correspondence;
3) each node can predict whether also have data upload, if also have data upload, in the communication resource distributing, uploads, if do not have data upload to proceed to step 4);
4) by control channel, to all the other nodes, send room message, inform in advance the available free time slot of net interior nodes and idle data channel, and proceed to step 5);
5) in net, corresponding node is received room message, adjusts self node serial number, according to algorithm, takies corresponding free timeslot and idle data channel, continues uploading data, and proceeds to step 3);
6) to the last node this take turns data upload and complete, utilize the time slot of saving to start next round data upload, and turn to step 1).
Further, after last node data has been uploaded in step 6), by control channel, to all the other nodes, send " END " message, all the other nodes carry out initialization after receiving " END " message.
Further, k data channel and 1 control channel distribute by telegon.
Further, telegon is according to node sum n and data channel number k, and distribute data is uploaded the timeslot number m of one-period.
Further, slot allocation method is: m
ifor the time slot of node i transmission data, its function expression is m
i=a+ i/k-h*m, in formula " " on round, i is node serial number, m is transmission data total timeslot numbers, k is data channel total channel number, a is every timeslot number of taking turns last node transmission data, h is coefficient of determination; If a+ i/k is >m, h=1, node sends data in next cycle, and sending time slots is m
i=a+ i/k-m; Otherwise, h=0, node sends data within this cycle, and sending time slots is m
i=a+ i/k.
Further, data channel assignment method is: k
ifor the data channel of node i transmission data, its function expression is k
iin=i%k+g*k formula, the numbering that i is node, k is the total data channel number of transmission data, and g is coefficient of determination, and % is remainder.If i%k=0, g=1 data channel k so
i=i%k+ k; Otherwise, g=0, data channel k
i=i%k.
Further, node i receives that the method for knot modification transmission time slot and data channel is after the room information of node j: if i/k-j/k>=1 and (i-1)-m
j* k=0, node serial number is set to j by i so; If i/k-j/k>=1 and (i-1)-m
j* k unequal to 0, the numbering of node is set to i-1 by i so.
Owing to having adopted technique scheme, the present invention has advantages of as follows:
The present invention is directed in wireless sensor network wireless sensing node, when multichannel multi-slot transmission data, to occur that room and sensor network one are taken turns transfer of data complete, the deficiency of the aspect such as cause that bandwidth availability ratio reduces, has proposed a kind of sensor node frequency hopping based on 802.15.4 and has jumped time slot algorithm to ensure that the communication bandwidth of whole network in the situation that can not there is communication contention aware is optimum.Utilize this frequency hopping and jump the data throughput that time slot method has improved sensor network effectively, and realize and process by the method for cyclical transmission data the time that aperiodicity data have shortened whole network data transmission.
Other advantages of the present invention, target and feature will be set forth to a certain extent in the following description, and to a certain extent, based on will be apparent to those skilled in the art to investigating below, or can be instructed from the practice of the present invention.Target of the present invention and other advantages can be realized and be obtained by specification and claims below.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Accompanying drawing of the present invention is described as follows.
Fig. 1 is node time slot allocation schematic diagram;
Fig. 2 is node data channel allocation schematic diagram;
Fig. 3 adjusts numbering schematic diagram after node is received room message;
Fig. 4 is sensor network nodes frequency hopping, the front and back comparison diagram of jumping time slot;
Fig. 5 is embodiment view;
Fig. 6 is communication steps theory diagram.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the invention will be further described.
Communication means based on 802.15.4 sensor node frequency hopping, jumping time slot, it includes k data channel, 1 control channel and m time slot, and communication steps is as follows:
1) press node serial number for each node initializing, distribute each node initial time slot and primary data channel when transmission data;
2) each node starts initial time slot and the primary data channel uploading data in correspondence;
3) each node can predict whether also have data upload, if also have data upload, in the communication resource distributing, uploads, if do not have data upload to proceed to step 4);
4) by control channel, to all the other nodes, send room message, inform in advance the available free time slot of net interior nodes and idle data channel, and proceed to step 5);
5) in net, corresponding node is received room message, adjusts self node serial number, according to algorithm, takies corresponding free timeslot and idle data channel, continues uploading data, and proceeds to step 3);
6) to the last node this take turns data upload and complete, utilize the time slot of saving to start next round data upload, and turn to step 1).
Initialization procedure:
The division of channel: IEEE802.15.4 has defined two physical layer standards, is respectively 2.4GHz physical layer and 868/915MH z physical layer.Two physical layers are all based on direct sequence spread spectrum DSSS, and 2.4GHz frequency range, for the unified ISM band that need not apply in the whole world, has 16 channels; And 868MHz is European ISM band, to only have a channel, 915MHz be that the ISM band of the U.S. has 10 channels.If telegon is divided into k+1 available channel by the bandwidth resources of certain frequency range, wherein k is individual is data channel, and remaining 1 is control channel.
The division of time slot: the active period of superframe is divided into three phases in the superframe structure of LR-WPAN network 802.15.4 MAC protocol definition: beacon frame sends phase, contention access period and non-competing phase.Press sensor network demand, telegon is according to net interior nodes sum n and data channel number k, and the non-competing phase is divided to m time slot as the one-period of data upload.
All nodes are all set to since 1 continuous initial numbering when dispatching from the factory, and according to being numbered node, distribute channel and the time slot of transmission data, and node sends data on corresponding time slot and data channel.
Time slot and the channel procedure of the data of configuration node i transmission are first as follows: node i is according to method configuration node i transmission data slot, the wherein a=0 of Fig. 1; According to the method for Fig. 2, it is node i configuration transmission data channel.By said process, configure time slot and the data channel of all node initial transmission data.
When appearring in sensor network, processes according to the following steps room node:
In sensor network transmission data procedures, when the sensor node precognition that is numbered j in net occurs room in transmission cycle, it is not when certain shared channel and time slot have upstream data, and it is by the room information j of oneself, m
j, k
jat m
jthe previous time slot of number time slot is m
j-No. 1 time slot, by all the sensors node in control channel broadcast announcement net.Node i is received after the room information of node j, is positioned at m
j+ 1 first channel of time slot, a node takies time slot and the data channel of room node, the time slot that node after this node takies and data channel are successively to one of reach, time slot and the data channel of all the other node transmission are constant, after idle time slot is faded to the shared time slot of last node.According to said method be equivalent to the shared time slot of all idle node to move to finally, can finish in advance this and take turns transfer of data, the time of saving is for next round transfer of data, as shown in Figure 4.
After last node data has been uploaded in step 6), by control channel, to all the other nodes, send " END " message, all the other nodes carry out initialization after receiving " END " message.
When sensor network one is taken turns DTD, a last node need send ends to other nodes in net by control channel, sends timeslot number a and " End " flag of data in this message with last node." End " flag represents that this takes turns data and be sent.Other nodes receive the initial numbering while the numbering of oneself being refreshed as Default Value after end.Then node sends the timeslot number a of data in conjunction with the node serial number i of oneself according to last node, and execution graph 1 and Fig. 2 method send data by knot adjustment on new time slot and channel.All nodes are undertaken new one by above-mentioned steps again takes turns data and sends.
K data channel and 1 control channel distribute by telegon.Telegon is according to node sum n and data channel number k, and distribute data is uploaded the timeslot number m of one-period.
Slot Allocation Algorithm is: m
ifor the time slot of node i transmission data, its function expression is m
i=a+ i/k-h*m, in formula " " on round, i is node serial number, m is transmission data total timeslot numbers, k is transmission channel total channel number, a is every timeslot number of taking turns last node transmission data, h is coefficient of determination; If a+ i/k is >m, h=1, node sends data in next cycle, and sending time slots is m
i=a+ i/k-m; Otherwise, h=0, node sends data within this cycle, and sending time slots is m
i=a+ i/k.As a+ i/k >m, prove within this cycle, cannot be assigned to corresponding transmission time slot and data channel; Otherwise transmission time slot and the data channel that can utilize this cycle internal segment to economize carry out transfer of data.
Channel allocation algorithm is: k
ifor the channel of node i transmission data, its function expression is k
iin=i%k+g*k formula, the numbering that i is node, k is the total number of channel of transmission data, and g is coefficient of determination, and % is remainder.If i%k=0, g=1 channel k so
i=i%k+ k; Otherwise, g=0, channel k
i=i%k.
Node i receives that the algorithm of knot modification transmission time slot and channel is after the room information of node j: if i/k-j/k>=1 and (i-1)-m
j* k=0, node serial number is set to j by i so; If i/k-j/k>=1 and (i-1)-m
j* k unequal to 0, the numbering of node is set to i-1 by i so.According to this algorithm, when there is idle node, all the other nodes are divided three classes, and the first kind is transmission time slot and the data channel that a node is monopolized idle node; Equations of The Second Kind is to come after the first kind node node successively to last position; The 3rd class is all the other nodes, and transmission time slot and data channel are constant.
Embodiment, as shown in Figure 5, in sensor network, sensor node adds up to 197, and node is all set to from 1 to 197 continuous initial numbering when dispatching from the factory, and telegon is divided into 15 data transmission channels by the bandwidth resources of certain frequency range.According to the number of channel of the node sum of sensor network and transmission data, divide 14 time slots as the one-period of data upload.In figure, abscissa represents the time slot of node transmission data; Ordinate represents the channel of node transmission data; The point that circle is corresponding is illustrated in the time slot of respective transmissions data and the sensor node on channel.
When there is room in sensor node 17, node 31 coincidence formula i/k-j/k>=1 and (i-1)-m
j* k=0, so node 31 takies transmission time slot and the data channel of node 17, node 31 is with posterior nodal point coincidence formula i/k-j/k>=1 and (i-1)-m
j* k unequal to 0, takies transmission time slot and the channel of last node, and node 1 is constant to transmission time slot and the data channel of node 30.
Finally explanation is, above embodiment is only unrestricted in order to technical scheme of the present invention to be described, although the present invention is had been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiment, those of ordinary skill in the art is to be understood that, can modify or be equal to replacement technical scheme of the present invention, and not departing from aim and the scope of the technical program, it all should be encompassed in the middle of claim scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
- Based on 802.15.4 sensor node frequency hopping, jump the communication means of time slot, it includes k data channel, 1 control channel and m time slot, it is characterized in that, communication steps is as follows:1) press node serial number for each node initializing, distribute each node initial time slot and primary data channel when transmission data;2) each node starts initial time slot and the primary data channel uploading data in correspondence;3) each node can predict whether also have data upload, if also have data upload, in the communication resource distributing, uploads, if do not have data upload to proceed to step 4);4) by control channel, to all the other nodes, send room message, inform in advance the available free time slot of net interior nodes and idle data channel, and proceed to step 5);5) in net, corresponding node is received room message, adjusts self node serial number, according to algorithm, takies corresponding free timeslot and idle data channel, continue uploading data, and proceed to step 3), to the last node this take turns data upload and complete, forward step 6 to);6) utilize the time slot of saving to start next round data upload, and turn to step 1);Described slot allocation method is: m ifor the time slot of node i transmission data, its function expression is in formula " " on round, i is node serial number, m is transmission data total timeslot numbers, the total channel number that k is data channel, a is every timeslot number of taking turns last node transmission data, h is coefficient of determination; If h=1, node sends data in next cycle, and sending time slots is otherwise, h=0, node sends data within this cycle, and sending time slots isDescribed data channel assignment method is: k ifor the data channel of node i transmission data, its function expression is k iin=i%k+g*k formula, the numbering that i is node, k is the total data channel number of transmission data, and g is coefficient of determination, and % is remainder; If i%k=0, g=1 data channel k so i=i%k+k; Otherwise, g=0, data channel k i=i%k;Node i receives that the method for knot modification transmission time slot and data channel is after the room information of node j: if and (i-1)-m j* k=0, mj is the time slot of node j transmission data, node serial number is set to j by i so; If and (i-1)-m j* k unequal to 0, the numbering of node is set to i-1 by i so.
- As claimed in claim 1 based on 802.15.4 sensor node frequency hopping, jump the communication means of time slot, it is characterized in that: step 6) in after last node data uploaded, by control channel, to all the other nodes, send " END " message, all the other nodes carry out initialization after receiving " END " message.
- 3. the communication means based on 802.15.4 sensor node frequency hopping, jumping time slot as claimed in claim 1 or 2, is characterized in that: k data channel and 1 control channel distribute by telegon.
- 4. the communication means based on 802.15.4 sensor node frequency hopping, jumping time slot as claimed in claim 3, is characterized in that: telegon is according to node sum n and data channel number k, and distribute data is uploaded the timeslot number m of one-period.
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